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D and F Block Elements Previous Year Questions

The document discusses properties and reactions of d-block elements. It provides differences between lanthanoids and actinoids, examples of high oxidation states in manganate and chromate ions, and explanations for stability of copper and chromium ions. Reasons are given for properties of transition metals like high melting points and variable oxidation states. Equations are presented for disproportionation reactions and reactions of permanganate and dichromate ions.

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Ali Ahmed
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404 views3 pages

D and F Block Elements Previous Year Questions

The document discusses properties and reactions of d-block elements. It provides differences between lanthanoids and actinoids, examples of high oxidation states in manganate and chromate ions, and explanations for stability of copper and chromium ions. Reasons are given for properties of transition metals like high melting points and variable oxidation states. Equations are presented for disproportionation reactions and reactions of permanganate and dichromate ions.

Uploaded by

Ali Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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d and f block elements

1).With reference to structural variability and chemical reactivity, write the difference between lanthanoids and
actinoids.
Difference between lanthanoids and actinoids :
i)lanthanoids belong to 4f series whereas actinoids belong to 5f series.
ii) lanthanoids are not radioactive while Actinoids are radioactive
iii)lanthanoids show the oxidation state +3(common) along with,+2 and +4 by few elements Actinoids show
+2,+3,+4,+5,+6 and +7oxidation states

2).Write the formula of an oxo-anion of Manganese (Mn) and chromium in which it shows the oxidation state
equal to its group number.
Permanganate ion, i.e., MnO4– with oxidation number +7.
Cr2O72- in which oxidation state of Cr is +6 which equal to its group number 6.

3)Assign reasons for the following :


(i) Cu+ is not stable in aqueous solution.
Cu2+(aq) is much more stable than Cu +(aq). This is because hydration enthalpy) for Cu 2+(aq) is much more
negative than that for Cu+(aq) and hence it more than compensates for the second ionization enthalpy of
copper. Therefore, Cu+ is unstable in aqueous solution and undergo disproportionation as follows :
2Cu+ → Cu2+ + Cu
4)How would you account for the following :
(i) Cr2+ is reducing in nature while with the same d-orbital configuration (d4) Mn3+ is an oxidising agent.

Cr2+ has the configuration 3d4 which easily changes to d3 due to stable half filled t2g orbitals. Therefore Cr2+ is
reducing agent. While Mn 2+ has stable half filled d5 configuration. Hence Mn3+ easily changes to Mn2+ and acts
as oxidising agent.

5)Assign a reason for each of the following observations:


(i) The transition metals (with the exception of Zn, Cd and Hg) are hard and have high melting and boiling
points.
(ii) The ionization enthalpies (first and second) in the first series of the transition elements are found to vary
irregularly.
(iii) There is a general increase in density from titanium (Z = 22) to copper (Z = 29).
Answer
(i) Because of stronger metallic bonding and high enthalpies of atomization.
(ii) Due to irregulaties in the electronic configuration there is irregularities in the enthalpies of atomisation.
Hence there is irregular variation in I.E.
(iii) From titanium to copper the atomic size of elements decreases and mass increases as a result of which
density increases

6)How would you account for the following?


(i) The highest oxidation state of a transition metal is usually exhibited in its oxide or fluoride
Answer:The highest oxidation state of a metal is exhibited in its oxide or fluoride due to its high
electronegativity, low ionisation energy and small size.
ii)Both O2 and F2 stabilize high oxidation states of transition metals but the ability of oxygen to do so exceeds
that of fluorine.
Answer:The ability of O2 to stabilize higher oxidation states exceeds that of fluorine because oxygen can form
multiple bonds with metals

(iii) Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7 with oxygen but with fluorine it shows the highest oxidation state
of +4.
Answer:
Because oxygen stabilizes the highest oxidation state (+7 of Mn) even more than fluorine i.e., +4 since oxygen
has the ability to form multiple bonds with metal atoms.
7)Write one similarity and one difference between the chemistry of lanthanoids and that of actinoids.
Answer:
Similarity : Both lanthanoids and actinoids show contraction in size and irregularity in their electronic
configuration.
Difference: Actinoids show wide range of oxidation states but lanthanoids do not.

8)What is meant by ‘disproportionation’? Give an example of a disproportionation reaction in aqueous solution.


Answer:
Disproportionation: In a disproportionation reaction an element undergoes self-oxidation as well as self-
reduction forming two different compounds.

9)Explain the following observations :


(i) Copper atom has completely filled d orbitals (3d 10) in its ground state, yet it is regarded as a transition
element.
(ii) which is a stronger reducing agent Cr2+ or Fe2+ .why?
Answer:
(i) Copper atom has completely filled d orbitals (3d 10) in its ground state, yet it is regarded as a transition
element due to incompletely filled d-orbital in its ionic states i.e. Cu 2+ (3d9).
(ii) Cr2+ is stronger reducing

10)Explain the following observations :


(a) Silver atom has completely filled d-orbitals (4d10) in its ground state, yet it is regarded as a transition
element.
(b) E0 value for Mn3+ /Mn2+ couple is much more positive than Cr3+/Cr2+.
Answer:
(a) Because silver has incomplete d-orbital (4d9) in its +2 oxidation state, hence it is a transition element.
(b) The large positive E° value for Mn3+/Mn2+ shows that Mn2+ is much more stable than Mn +3 due to stable half
filled configuration (3d5). Therefore the 3rd ionisation energy of Mn will be very high and Mn 3+ is unstable and
can be easily reduced to Mn 2+. E° value for Cr3+ | Cr2+ is positive but small i.e. Cr3+ can also be reduced to
Cr2+ but less easily. Thus Cr3+ is more stable than Mn3+.
11)Give reasons for the following :
(i) Mn3+ is a good oxidising agent.
(ii) E°M2+/M values are not regular for first row transition metals (3d series).
Answer:(a) (i) Mn3+ has electronic configuration 3d 44s0.
On reduction it gains one electron to become 3d54s0 which is half filled stable configuration. Hence it is a good
oxidising agent.
(ii) E°M2+/M values are not regular for first row transition metals due to abnormalities and irregularities in their
ionization enthalpies (IE1 + IE1) and sublimation enthalpies

12)Complete the following chemical equations :

(iii) MnO4 (aq) + S2O32- (aq) + H2O (1) →


(iv) Cr2O7 2-
(aq) + Fe2+ (aq) + H+ (aq) →

13)Which metal in the first transition series (3d series) exhibits +1 oxidation state most frequency and why?
14) Which of the following cations are coloured in aqueous solutions and why?
SC3+, V3+, Ti4+, Mn2+.(At. nos. Sc = 21, V = 23, Ti = 22, Mn = 25)
15)What is Lanthanoid contraction? What are its two consequences?
16)What are the transition elements? Write two characteristics of the transition elements
17)Suggest reasons for the following features of transition metal chemistry :
(i) The transition metals and their compounds are usually paramagnetic.
(ii) The transition metals exhibit variable oxidation states
18)Describe the preparation of potassium permanganate. How does the acidified permanganate solution react
with oxalic acid? Write the ionic equations for the reactions.
19)Describe the oxidising action of potassium dichromate and write the ionic equations for its reaction with
(i) iodine (ii) H2S.
20)When chromite ore FeCr2O4 is fused with NaOH in presence of air, a yellow coloured compound (A) is
obtained which on acidification with dilute sulphuric acid gives a compound (B). Compound (B) on reaction with
KCl forms an orange coloured crystalline compound (C).
(i) Write the formulae of the compounds (A), (B) and (C).
(ii) Write one use of compound (C)
21)Complete the following

22)Give reasons :
(i) Transition metals show variable oxidation, states.
(ii) Actinoids show wide range of oxidation states
23)How would you account for the following :
(i) Many of the transition elements and their compounds can act as good catalysts.
(ii) The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition elements are virtually the same as those of the
corresponding members of the second series.
(iii) There is a greater range of oxidation states among the actinoids than among the lanthanoids.
24)Complete the following chemical equations :

25)How would you account for the following :


(i) Actinoid contraction is greater than lanthanoid contraction.
(ii) Transition metals form coloured compounds.
iii)Transition metals form complex compounds.
iv) The E°M2+/M, for copper is positive (+ 0.34 V). It is the only metal in the first series of transition
elements showing this type of behaviour.
26)In the 3d series (Sc = 21 to Zn = 30) :
(i) Which element shows maximum number of oxidation states?
(ii) Which element shows only +3 oxidation state?
(iii) Which element has the lowest enthalpy of atomization?
27)(a) How do you prepare :
(i) K2MnO4 from MnO2?
(ii) Na2Cr2O7 from Na2CrO4?
(b) Account for the following :
(i) Mn2+ is more stable than Fe2+ towards oxidation to +3 state.
(ii) The enthalpy of atomization is lowest for Zn in 3d series of the transition elements.
(iii) Actinoid elements show wide range of oxidation states

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