Arrays

Lecture Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1Y7G8V0JiU&list=PLVEVLI2v6thVDz7U
xUPnURUKaqWFK7Z7v&index=24
 Arrays
 Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable,
instead of declaring separate variables for each value.
 Array stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of
the same type. An array is used to store a collection of
data, They are special kind of data type.
 They are like data structures in which identical data types
are stored.
 In C++ each array has
– name
– data type
– size
 They occupy continuous area of memory.
Storage of an array in memory
Name memory

C[0] 24

C[1] 59
C[2] 35
C[3] ...
C[4] ...
C[5] ...

C[6] ...

C[7] ...
C[8] ...
C[9] ...

Index
 Declaration of Arrays
 To declare an array, define the variable type, specify the
name of the array followed by square brackets and specify
the number of elements it should store:
arrayType arrayName [numberOfElements ];
For example ,
int age [ 10 ] ;
 More than one array can be declared on a line
int age [10] , height [10] , names [20] ;

 Mix declaration of variables with declaration of arrays

int i , j , age [10] ;
 Cont..
 To create an array of three integers, you could write:
// store only 3 elements in the array
int x[6] = {19, 10, 8};
Empty array elements are automatically assigned value 0.
 Referring to Array Elements

Array name [index number]

int age [3]; // array age of size 3

age [ 0]; // array index accessing first value

 Array index will start from 0. means that if you have

declared an array of size 3 then its index will be 0,1
and 2.
 Initializing an Array

int age [ 10 ] = { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 } ;

int age[ 10 ] = { 0 } ;
Initializing an Array

int age [ 10 ] ;

for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
{
age [ i ] = 0 ;
}
Initializing an Array
int age [ ] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 } ;

for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
‘ i ‘ will have value from 0 to 9
Initializing array by taking input from user

for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
{
cin >> age [ i ] ;
}
 Accessing array element
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
string cars[4] = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
cout << cars[0];
return 0;
}

Note: Array indexes start with 0: [0] is the first element. [1]
is the second element,
 Loop Through an Array
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
string cars[4] = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
cout << i << ": " << cars[i] << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
 Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
main ( )
{
int c [ 100 ] ;
int z , i = 0 ;

do
{
cout<<"Please enter numbers";
cin >> z ;
if ( z != -1 )
c[ i ] = z ;
i ++ ;
} while ( z != -1 && i < 100 ) ;
cout << "The total number of positive integers entered by user is " << i -1;
}
 Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int numbers[5];
cout << "Enter 5 numbers: " << endl;

// store input from user to array

for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
cin >> numbers[i];
}
cout << "The numbers are: ";

// print array elements

for (int n = 0; n < 5; ++n) {
cout << numbers[n] << " ";
}

return 0;
}
 Manipulation of Array
Elements

 Lecture Link:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaQfj2bl3j4&list=PLVEVLI2v6thVDz7UxUPnURUK
aqWFK7Z7v&index=25
Copying Arrays
– Data types should be
identical

– Size should be same

int a [ 10 ] ;
int b [ 10 ] ;
 Copying Arrays
To copy from array “ a ” to array “ b ” :

b[0]=a[0];
b[1]=a[1];
b[2]=a[2];
b[3]=a[3];
………
………
b [ 10 ] = a [ 10 ] ;
Copying Arrays

for ( i =0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
b[i]=a[i];
 Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a [ 10 ] ={3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12};
int b [ 10 ] ;

for ( int i =0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )

{
b[i]=a[i];
}
for ( int a =0 ; a < 10 ; a++ )
{
cout<<"Array elements in b array:"<<b [ a ]<< "\n";
}

}
 Example
Take the sum of squares of 10 different numbers which are stored in an
array

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {

int a [ 5 ] ={1,2,3,4,5};
int arraySize =5 ;
int sumOfSquares = 0 ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < arraySize ; i ++ )
{
sumOfSquares = sumOfSquares + a [ i ] * a [ i ] ;
}
cout<<"Sum of squares of array elements are: "<<sumOfSquares;

}
 Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, n;
float arr[100];
cout << "Enter total number of elements(1 to 100): ";
cin >> n;
cout << endl;
// Store number entered by the user
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
cout << "Enter Number " << i + 1 << " : ";
cin >> arr[i];
}
// Loop to store largest number to arr[0]
for(i = 1;i < n; ++i)
{
// Change < to > if you want to find the smallest element
if(arr[0] < arr[i])
arr[0] = arr[i];
}
cout << "Largest element = " << arr[0];
return 0;
}
 const
const int arraySize = 100 ;

 It creates an identifier “ arraySize ” and

assigns a value 100. This is called
integer constant . It is not a variable
 Its value cannot be changed
 Bound Checking
 If we declare an array of size 10, then the array will contain
elements from index 0 to 9. However, if we try to access
the element at index 10 or more than 10, it will result in
Undefined Behaviour.

 Bounds checking is any method of detecting whether a

variable is within some bounds before it is used. It is
usually used to ensure that a number fits into a given type
(range checking), or that a variable being used as an
array index is within the bounds of the array (index
checking).
int main()
{
int i[2] = {0, 1};
return i[2];
}
 Here an array of two elements is defined,
and the third is returned. The behavior of
this program is undefined; it may crash, or
it may return some unknown value.