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Medical Communication Systems

This document summarizes the first lecture on electrostatics from a medical instrumentation techniques engineering class. It discusses the properties of electric charge, including that objects can be positively or negatively charged and that charge is measured in coulombs. It also describes Coulomb's law, which states that the electrostatic force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The document provides examples of calculating charge and the factors that determine electrostatic force.

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Abdullah Abbas Sabbar
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100 views4 pages

Medical Communication Systems

This document summarizes the first lecture on electrostatics from a medical instrumentation techniques engineering class. It discusses the properties of electric charge, including that objects can be positively or negatively charged and that charge is measured in coulombs. It also describes Coulomb's law, which states that the electrostatic force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The document provides examples of calculating charge and the factors that determine electrostatic force.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Abbas Sabbar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Al-Mustaqbal University College


Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering
Class:3td
Subject: Medical Communication Systems
Lecturer: Asst. Lect. Mays Khalid
Lecture: 1

Lecture one: General review on Electrostatic


In this lecture, we examine the properties of electric charge. A moving
electric charge gives rise to a separate phenomenon, called magnetism,.
Here we look at charged objects that are not moving-hence the term
electrostatics. All objects have charge, since charged particles make up
atoms and molecules. We often don't notice the effects of electrical charge
because most objects are electrically neutral. The forces that hold atoms
together and that keep objects separate even when they're in contact, are
all electric in nature.
Electric Charge
Charging consists of the transfer of negatively charged particles, called
electrons. This charge can move relatively easily through your body,
including your hands. The built-up electric charge discharges through the
metal of the doorknob, creating a spark. The two types of electric charge
found in nature are positive charge and negative charge. Normally,
objects around us do not seem to be charged; instead, they are electrically
neutral. Neutral objects contain roughly equal numbers of positive and
negative charges that largely cancel each other. Only when positive and
negative charges are not balanced do we observe the effects of electric
charge.
Law of Electric charge
The unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C), named after the French
physicist Charles-Augustine de Coulomb (1736-1806). The coulomb is
defined in terms of the SI unit for current, the ampere (A), named after
another French physicist, André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836). Neither the

Email: [email protected]
2
Al-Mustaqbal University College
Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering
Class:3td
Subject: Medical Communication Systems
Lecturer: Asst. Lect. Mays Khalid
Lecture: 1

ampere nor the coulomb can be derived in terms of the other SI units:
meter, kilogram, and second. Instead, the ampere is another fundamental
SI unit. For this reason, the SI system of units is sometimes called MKSA
(meter-kilogram-second-ampere) system. The charge unit is defined as
1 C=1 AS (1.1)
The definition of the ampere must wait until we discuss current in later
lectures. However, we can define the magnitude of the coulomb by simply
specifying the charge of a single electron:
𝒒𝒆 = - e (1.2)

where 𝒒 is the charge and e has the (currently best accepted and
experimentally measured) value
e =1.602176487 x 10 -19 C (1.3)
We will use a value of 1.602 in this lecture, (but you should keep in mind
that equation 1.3 gives the full accuracy to which this charge has been
measured.) The charge of the electron is an intrinsic property of the
electron, just like its mass. The charge of the proton, another basic particle
of atoms, is exactly the same magnitude as that of the electron, only the
proton's charge is positive:
𝒒𝒑 = + e (1.4)
One coulomb is an extremely large unit of charge. Units of µC
(microcoulombs, 10-6C), nC (nanocoulombs, 10-9C), and pС
(picocoulombs, 10-12 C) are commonly used.

Email: [email protected]
3
Al-Mustaqbal University College
Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering
Class:3td
Subject: Medical Communication Systems
Lecturer: Asst. Lect. Mays Khalid
Lecture: 1

The law of electric charges is evidence of a force between any two charges
at rest. Experiments show that for the electrostatic force exerted by a
charge q2 on a charge 91, F2-1 , the force on 91 points toward 92 if the
charges have opposite signs and away from q2 if the charges have like
signs .This force on one charge due to another charge always lies on a line
between the two charges. Coulomb's Law gives the magnitude of this
force as

(1.5)

Where: q1 & q2 is the electric charge


r is the distance between them
k is the Coulomb's constant

(1.6)

Email: [email protected]
4
Al-Mustaqbal University College
Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering
Class:3td
Subject: Medical Communication Systems
Lecturer: Asst. Lect. Mays Khalid
Lecture: 1

Example

Email: [email protected]

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