Republic of the Philippines

BASILAN STATE COLLEGE

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Course Code SW 301 WEEK/DAY 1

Vision:
A center of excellence
Course KNOWLEDGE AND Duration & BSSW II-A,B,C
in instruction, research, Description PHILOSOPHICAL Schedule MW- 9:00-10:30
extension and
production directed FOUNDATIONS OF THE TTH 9:00-10:30
towards global and SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION 10:30-12:00
sustainable human
development.

Lesson/Topic Vision and Mission of Basilan Lesson No. 1

State College

Mission:
Basilan State College shall Learning At the end of this chapter, the students can:
provide quality human
resources equipped with
Outcome/s Recite the Vision and Mission of Basilan State College.
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational
and professional fields of Reference/s (1984) College Charter and Student Handbook: Basilan State College
instruction, research,
extension, and production (2013) CHED Implementation Handbook for OBE Quezon City:
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.
Commission on Higher Education

Course AIZA ABELLLANA SALAPUDIN, RSW

coaches

LEARNING MODULE 1

Hi everyone! Welcome to this course,

KNOWLEDGE AND PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE SOCIAL WORK
PROFESSION.
By the way I’m your instructor for this course, you can call me Ma’am Aiza/Sir Joven.
Before we start, I just want to ask you some questions. How was your vacation? And how are you
during this time of pandemic? I hope you have enjoyed the rest of your vacation.
Right now, we will start our lesson with the School’s Vision and Mission.
Enjoy your readings! 
To my students: You are now about to start the first lesson for the Week 1.
Read learning materials below and do the activities given to you and answer the following question for
S your
O C assessment
IAL WOR in KyourA activity
N D Ssheets
O C I Agiven
L EatNthe
V Iend
R OofNthis
M modules.
E N T 1 | 54
NOTE: DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING ON THE MODULE.
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

I. Activation of Prior Knowledge

Vision: Activity 1: Fill in the blanks. For the application of this activity, please refer to
A center of excellence Annex A.
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed
towards global and We’re done with the first activity!!!
sustainable human
development.
How was it? Is it difficult or easy? Well don’t pressure yourself and just enjoy
learning. Right now, we will proceed to our 1st lecture in this Section.

Mission: II. Engagement in the Learning Content and Appropriate Learning Activities
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
extension, and production
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.

Basilan State College

Vision: A leading institution of excellence in

innovative instruction and creative research and extension programs
and projects directed towards lasting peace and total human
development.

Mission: Basilan State College shall provide quality human resources

equipped with ad equate knowledge, skills, and attitude in
technological, vocational and professional fields of instruction,
research, extension, and production to improve the quality of life of its
clientele.

Core Values (ACCESS):

A-ccountability
C-Commitment
C-ultural Sensitivity
E-xcellence
S-pritual Uprigthness
S-ervice

S O C I A L W O R K A N D S O C I A L E N V I R O N M E N T 2 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Vision:
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human
BASC HYMN
development.

In this island south of our country

Lies a school of higher knowledge
With her goals and our aspirations
Mission: We attain and we achieve
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
With honours filled with her glory
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
In her halls we learn the truth
and attitude in
technological, vocational
Oh! State school we all revere
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
We vow our praises true!
extension, and production
to improve the quality of
Oh! Basilan State College
life of its clientele. We sing this Hymn for you
We pledge support forever to work with lofty aims
Hail! Alma Mater help us
In all that’s right and true
Dear Basilan State College
We will live for you!
Dear Basilan State College
We will live for you!

For the tune of the hymn, please click the link provided:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LuxNwyFQjS8

Well, we are here again talking about the vision and mission of our school. Did
you have any comment with our vision and mission?
Did you get the rhythm of BaSC Hymn? 😊

And now, let’s take a look at the program’s vision and mission

S O C I A L W O R K A N D S O C I A L E N V I R O N M E N T 3 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Vision:
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human
development.

Mission:
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
extension, and production
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.

III. Reflection/Response/Action
Activity 1: Reflection Paper. For the application of this activity, please refer to
Annex B.

IV. Summative Assessment

Activity 1: Video Presentation. For the application of this activity, please refer to
Annex C.

V. Feedback

Please leave a reply on Annex D.

_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________

S O C I A L W O R K A N D S O C I A L E N V I R O N M E N T 4 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

KNOWLEDGE & PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE

Vision: SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION
A center of excellence
in instruction, research, Worksheet:
extension and
production directed
ANNEX A
towards global and
sustainable human
development. Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________
Course &Year & Section: _________________________ Score: ______________

Activity 1. Fill in the blanks to complete the School’s Vision, Mission and Core
Values. (10 points possible)
Mission:
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
Vision: A leading institution of excellence in ______________ and
resources equipped with ____________ and _____________ and projects directed towards
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in lasting peace and total human development.
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research, Mission: Basilan State College shall provide quality human resources
extension, and production
to improve the quality of equipped with ad equate _______, _____, and ________ in
life of its clientele. technological, vocational and professional fields of instruction,
research, extension, and production to improve the quality of life of its
clientele.

Core Values (ACCESS):

A-__________
C-___________
C-_____________
E-xcellence
S-______________
S-ervice

S O C I A L W O R K A N D S O C I A L E N V I R O N M E N T 5 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

KNOWLEDGE & PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE

Vision: SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION
A center of excellence
in instruction, research, Worksheet:
extension and
production directed
ANNEX B
towards global and
sustainable human
development. Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________
Course &Year & Section: _________________________ Score: ______________

Activity 1. Contrast Vision and Mission of the School and the Program’s Vision and
Mission. (20 points possible)
Mission:
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
extension, and production
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.

S O C I A L W O R K A N D S O C I A L E N V I R O N M E N T 6 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

KNOWLEDGE & PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE

Vision: SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION
A center of excellence
in instruction, research, Worksheet:
extension and
production directed
ANNEX C
towards global and
sustainable human
development. Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________
Course &Year & Section: _________________________ Score: ______________

Activity 1. Sing the BaSC Hymn through a video presentation. Send the video thru the
instructor’s messenger. (30 points possible)
Mission:
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
extension, and production
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. BASC HYMN
In this island south of our country
Lies a school of higher knowledge
With her goals and our aspirations
We attain and we achieve
With honours filled with her glory
In her halls we learn the truth
Oh! State school we all revere
We vow our praises true!
Oh! Basilan State College
We sing this Hymn for you
We pledge support forever to work with lofty aims
Hail! Alma Mater help us
In all that’s right and true
Dear Basilan State College
We will live for you!
Dear Basilan State College
We will live for you!

KNOWLEDGE & PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE

SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION
S O C I A L W O R K A N D S O C I A L E N V I R O N M E N T 7 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Worksheet:
Vision:
ANNEX D
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________
towards global and
sustainable human
Course &Year & Section: _________________________ Score: ______________
development.

PLEASE LEAVE A REPLY!

Mission:
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
extension, and production
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.

S O C I A L W O R K A N D S O C I A L E N V I R O N M E N T 8 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Vision:
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human
development.

Mission:
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
Module 1
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
extension, and production
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.

Person-in-Environment

S O C I A L W O R K A N D S O C I A L E N V I R O N M E N T 9 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Course Code SW 104 WEEK/DAY 2-5

Vision:
Course SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND Duration & BSSW II-A,B,C
A center of excellence
in instruction, research, Description SOCIAL WORK: THE FAMILY, Schedule 9:00-10:30 MW
extension and
production directed
GROUPS, COMMUNITY, AND 9:00-10:30 TTH
towards global and ORGANIZATION 10:30-12:00 TTH
sustainable human
development. Lesson/Topic Definition of Social Work Lesson No. 1-3
Relationship of Social
Environment and the
Social Work Profession
I. REVIEW OF PERSON
Mission: IN ENVIRONMENT
Basilan State College shall CONCEPT
provide quality human
resources equipped with Levels of Social Work
adequate knowledge, skills, Assessments and
and attitude in
technological, vocational Intervention
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
II. THEORIES AND
extension, and production PERSPECTIVES IN
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. THE CONTEXT OF
THE SOCIAL
ENVIRONEMENT
Learning At the end of this chapter, the students can:
Outcome/s  define the Social Work profession,
 Identify and understand the function of Social Work.
 Review of Person-in-environment concept
Reference/s Social Work and Welfare by Thelma Lee Mendoza
Human Behavior and Social Environment by Charles Zastrow
Generalist Practice with Organizations and Communities by K.Kirst-
Ashman and G.h. Hull, Jr
Course coach AIZA A. SALAPUDIN, RSW
LEARNING MODULE 1
Hi everyone! Welcome to this course,

KNOWLEDGE AND PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE SOCIAL WORK

PROFESSION.

By the way I’m your instructor for this course, you can call me Maam Yssay. Before we start, I just want to ask
you some questions. How was your vacation? And how are you during this time of pandemic? I hope you have
enjoyed the rest of your vacation.

Right now, we will start our lesson.

Enjoy your readings! 
To my students: You are now about to start the first lesson for the Week 1.
Read learning materials below and do the activities given to you and answer the following question for your
assessment in your activity sheets given at the end of this modules.
S O C I A NOTE:
L W ODO
R KNOT
AN D S ANYTHING
WRITE O C I A L EON
NV I R MODULE.
THE O N M E N T 10 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

I. Activation of Prior Knowledge

Vision:
A center of excellence
in instruction, research, Crossword Puzzle.
extension and
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human
development.
S O C I A L F U N C T I O N I N G R Q W E
B T Y R Q U I I O H E E T U I O J F G F D
X E H E S Y O W J T S W P R A C T I C E C
C Q H T F W P U K R W R G B D G A M N Q C
Mission: F E E T G T K R F D E R V K D Q E T E T E
Basilan State College shall W N E H H R L E R T T T F M F R D S E E 1
provide quality human
resources equipped with
E V G F J E H T Y S G U G N C V H Q E M W
adequate knowledge, skills, E I O D K Q G Y T T H S E R V I C E S B S
and attitude in
technological, vocational A R I W K S F E U E H M G E V I Q F F H C
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
S O J Q L O D D I D E N D D N U E E D G D
extension, and production F N U E O C S L O F E B S E M E W D E T G
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. Y M Y R P I C M P M A C R O W R T C R E F
U E M T Q A E J W C S B Q S S F U G T S M
Y N L Y E L R N E B F H W F D Q I H T W N
R T K U R W T K R M D F D D E G D W C R K
W D P Q T O I J F N N D F B R F E E N F O
W T I L D R O T G K M E W O R K E R M D L
H R E K C K P T J H E S Q Z K S S W E M D
E E R J H E Q G K G R A F T L G W F Q N E
K W T H J U W E V F T Q G T G T E T A B F
A Q T G K R E A B Q U C C E F R D E D G B
S M E Z O O E E N E F B L D D E R E F F G
O T H F K E R W O R D V R I S F I F B C E
F Y G D E M I F R O G G T J E M C R N E T
G U J S R H Q Y P W V F H Y R N E D P W E
P H K A T H D H Q A Q D N H W Q T A A S C

Great job guys! Congratulations for a job well done. So our activity has something to do with our
topic for today 😊

S O C I A L W O R K A N D S O C I A L E N V I R O N M E N T 11 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

II. Engagement in the Learning Content and Appropriate Learning

Vision: Activities
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and I. THE SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human  Social work is concerned not only with the person as a human being but with the
development.
person in-situation or the person in-environment.
 This perspective arose from the experiences and observations of the pioneers that
person and environment affect each other in a cause and effect manner.
 With this in mind they have regarded social work universally as the profession
Mission: which helps individuals, families, groups and communities to develop, improve,
Basilan State College shall maintain, or restore their capability for coping with the demands of their
provide quality human
resources equipped with
environment through the use of social work methods intervention.
adequate knowledge, skills,  Recognition of social work as a profession and not merely as a voluntary act of
and attitude in
technological, vocational charity came in 1965 when the Philippine Congress enacted R.A. 4373, otherwise
and professional fields of
instruction, research, known as the Social Work Law.
extension, and production
to improve the quality of
 It defined social work as a profession that is “primarily concerned with
life of its clientele. organized social service activity aimed to facilitate and strengthen basic
relationships in the mutual adjustment between individuals and their social
environment for the food of the individual and society, and by the use of social
work methods.’’

According to the Social Work Law:

 the social worker is a practitioner who by accepted standards of training and

social work professional experiences, possesses the skill to achieve the objectives
as defined and set by the social work profession through the use of the basic
methods of casework, group work and community organization.

 He has knowledge of techniques of social work which are designed to enable

individuals, groups and communities to meet their needs and solve their problems
of adjustment to changing patterns of society.

 Through coordinated actions he can help improve economic and social

conditions, and he must be connected with an organized social work agency
which is supported partially and wholly with government or community solicited
funds.

Social work practice is used in this book refers to “the activities carried out by the
social worker in varied institutional settings, communities and private practice.
S O C I A L W O R K A N D S O C I A L E N V I R O N M E N T 12 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

The workers address a full range of human problems involving individuals,

Vision: families and groups.” These settings are divided into two categories: primary and
A center of excellence
secondary.
in instruction, research, To the first belong those social agencies whose programs and services are the
extension and
production directed direct purview or scope of social work, e.g. DSWD, CARITAS, Hospicio de San
towards global and
sustainable human
Jose.
development. Those belonging to the second category are agencies, institutions and
organizations whose primary function is to provide services other than social
welfare but which employ social workers to support, strengthen, or complement
their own services such as hospitals, schools, housing agencies, and even regional
Mission: trial courts which include under their jurisdiction family, children and youth
affairs.
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
 
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational
Worker refers to the social worker, the person who, by sustained mental or physical
and professional fields of efforts, performs tasks and activities designed to help overcome an obstacle or
instruction, research,
extension, and production difficulty and achieve a result or an end.
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.
Help is what the worker does to assist the client by giving him assistance or
supplying what is needed so that he can advance towards an objective or accomplish
an end or goal.
Client is the person or group of persons who engage the services or help of the
worker, the individual, family, group, or community.
SOCIAL WELFARE
Social welfare is the primary field of social work practice. The term itself has both
broad and narrow concepts. Affluent countries use the term to embrace a wide
meaning. In many third world countries, on the other hand, the term is used to
convey a narrower meaning.
SOCIAL SERVICES
“Social services” and “social welfare” are sometimes used interchangeably. Some
countries use the term “social services” instead of social welfare hence they call their
government agencies Department of Social Services. Like social welfare “social
services” has both broad and narrow connotations.
The United Nations used the term before it switched to “social welfare” in the early
1960’s.
In the United States before it adopted “social welfare” the term “social services”
referred to variety of programs among which were social/public assistance, social
insurance, child welfare, corrections, mental hygiene, public health, education,

S O C I A L W O R K A N D S O C I A L E N V I R O N M E N T 13 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

recreation, labor protection and housing. In effect “social services” was term used
Vision: before “social welfare” was adopted.
A center of excellence SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed This is the term that is used with some variations by the economists and the social
towards global and
sustainable human scientists. When used by the economists it is a process growth and national
development. development; it refers to the rise in the levels of living, a more equitable distribution
of income and wealth, a better system of socioeconomic stratification, and greater
social mobility.
NEEDS AND PROBLEMS
Mission:
Basilan State College shall
Need is defined as a condition or situation in which something necessary or desirable
provide quality human is required or wanted. When a person’s need has not been met or there are obstacles to
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills, its fulfillment so that the person’s capability to function satisfactorily is threatened or
and attitude in
technological, vocational impaired, it becomes a problem.
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
extension, and production
It is universally accepted that the underlying purpose of social work effort is to release
to improve the quality of all human power in individuals for personal fulfillment and social good, and in order
life of its clientele.
to create the kind society, social institutions and social policy which will make self-
realization possible for all men. Human power is the capacity to know, to love, to
reason, and exercise free will.
Specifically, the purpose of social work is to enhance a person’s social functioning,
that is, the improvement of his interaction between himself and his environment. It is
the product of his activity as he relates to his surroundings.
The environment is the totality of conditions of circumstances surrounding the
individual. It consists of a combination of external or intrinsic physical conditions as
well as the complex of social and cultural conditions that influences his growth and
development as a human being; also his behavior, as he relates to others in day-to-day
living. The environment may disrupt his ability or prevent him from being socially
functional.
A person may be said to be socially functional when he is able to cope with social
relations and tasks. It can be seen in at least three ways:
1. The person is effective in the performance of his tasks; he accomplishes the
well and good.
2. He is responsible to others. He is reliable and dependable; he is capable of
making moral and rational decisions on his own and also cares for the welfare
of others.
3. He derives self-satisfaction from the performance of his tasks and the
fulfillment of his responsibilities.

S O C I A L W O R K A N D S O C I A L E N V I R O N M E N T 14 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Vision:
A center of excellence
in instruction, research, SCOPE OF SOCIAL WORK
extension and
production directed
towards global and 1. Social work provides material assistance to persons who are dependent, or in
sustainable human
development.
economic distress, or simply belongs to the bottom level of the population. This is
the task from which social work originated and will continue to perform in the
future. This is true in all societies but the more so in underdeveloped or developing
countries where poverty is still a major problem.
2. It helps persons whether as individuals, families, groups or communities adjust, to
Mission:
improve, and/or change for the better their economic and social environment.
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
3. It is concerned not only with material or economic problems but also with
resources equipped with psychosocial ones, whether these problems be the cause or effect of poverty,
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in illness or crime, or appear independently.
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
4. It seeks to provide the economically deprived with opportunities for improving
instruction, research, their own economic and social situation, including those amenities of life such as
extension, and production
to improve the quality of recreational, cultural, religious activities which constitute an essential part of an
life of its clientele.
enriched standard of living.
5. It seeks to develop the capability of a person to participate in problem-solving and
decision-making, especially in matters directly affecting them, and helps provide
the opportunity to do so.
6. It helps them to translate these decisions into action.
7. It also works for the development of economically viable and socially developed
communities and of a knowledgeable, dynamic and self-reliant citizenry imbued
with a sense of nationhood.
8. It sees to it that the clientele population has access to work and employment
opportunities, improved health services and better educational facilities.
9. Where there exists condition of dire economic poverty, social injustice, violations
of human rights and human exploitation, social work join hands with others to
achieve social reform and social change.
That reform must be directed towards more equitable distribution of the nation’s wealth,
income, and more economic opportunities and resource, a more realistic and decent living
wage, better conditions of work, protective legislation for women, children and special
groups, medical care for those who cannot afford it, housing for the homeless, and more
comprehensive social security program.
To achieve these ends social work may resort to people power, that is, social action of a
nonviolent nature in support of the population concerned.

FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WORK

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

These enhancement of psychosocial functioning falls into three types: restorative,

Vision: preventive, and developmental.
A center of excellence The restorative function is aimed at rehabilitating whose functioning has been
in instruction, research,
extension and impaired by physical, mental or social difficulties. It implies a temporary breakdown
production directed
towards global and of normal functioning. Restoration may be curative or rehabilitative.
sustainable human
development. It is curative when it identifies controls and/ or eliminates the factors in the
interactional process that have caused the breakdown or impairment of social
relationships. It is rehabilitative when it attempts to reconstruct and/ or organize the
pattern of interaction that broken down, been change, or build new ones.
Mission:
Restoration implies the presence of psychosocial pathology such as those found
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
among substance abusers, the emotionally disturbed, those under stress because of
resources equipped with some traumatic experience, and others in similar situation.
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational Social work is preventive when it goes through the early discovery, control and
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
elimination of those conditions which may impair psychosocial functioning. As a
extension, and production means of prevention social work undertakes programs and services geared towards
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. the prevention of social dysfunctioning.
Among these are recreational and character-building activities for children and
youth, supplementary feeding, nurseries and preschools for the very young,
counseling and other social services for young adults as well as self-awareness
sessions for the youth, women and men.
Developmental social work is indigenous to the Philippines. Not only are the
country’s natural resources underdeveloped, even the majority of its citizens are, in
the sense that they lack access to opportunities for self-advancement and the
realization of their potentials.
Developmental social work then refers to the provision of social assistance and
services which will lead to the optimum development and fulfillment of the client’s
potential.
It is concerned with the building of strengths for self-realization, self-fulfillment and
self-actualization, and with ways of effectively coping with situations in life what
may be problematic, challenging, or stressful. It is applied to persons whose social
functioning is more or less normal or impaired, it has been restored.
Problems causing people much difficulty are not due to exclusively environmental or
structural deficiencies. In our country there are other factors that may impair ability
of some persons to utilize available and accessible resources.
This factor may be in the individual’s own personality or character as when he is
withdrawn, reserved or shy and has difficulty in establishing social relationships.

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Or it may be in certain values, belief or traditions which hinder the person from
Vision: taking advantage of certain opportunities which may be open to him.
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed PERSON IN ENVIRONMENT CONCEPT
towards global and
sustainable human
development.

LONGRES –Social functioning is “social wellbeing, especially with regard to the

ability of an individual to meet the role expectations associated with particular status
or role.”
Mission: Karts and Wandrei – also define it as “a client’s ability to accomplish the activities
Basilan State College shall necessary for daily living and to fulfill major roles as required by a particular
provide quality human
resources equipped with subculture or community”.
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational
Bartlett – defines it as “the relation between the activity of the people and the demand
and professional fields of from the environment,” focusing attention to what goes on between people and
instruction, research,
extension, and production environment through the exchange between them, and stressed the needs to consider
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. both elements as composites in a single concept.

PERSON ENVIRONMENT
Needs , looking into opportunities
Capacities and the quality Demands from
activities of the of transactions the environment.
individual between them
(individual interaction)

The overriding philosophy of social functioning is directed towards achieving a

bottom line goal that is threefold: (1). An optimally social functioning person; (2).
An environment that supports, sustains and promotes the optimal social
functioning of the person; (3). Balanced reciprocal interactions between person
and environment. All three are interrelated, with one affecting and being affected
by the other.
Horejsi presents social functioning as a relationship among and the summation of five
factors:
1. Motivation – what people want and how much they want it.
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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

. Capacity – internal resources that people bring to the change process which include
Vision: his / her physical, emotional, psychological or intellectual fitness or maladaptiveness
A center of excellence
to deal with and work out possible solutions to his /her problems;
in instruction, research,
extension and 3. Opportunity –conditions of the environment that invite and support change such as
production directed
towards global and the availability of support groups and other external resources;
sustainable human
development. 4. Service – professional actions aimed at motivation, capacity and opportunity
brought by the client which includes the interventions of the social worker and the
social services within and outside of the social agency; and
Problem – the situation that the client and social worker are addressing.
Mission:
Basilan State College shall
Martin Blooms explains “the distinctive emphasis of social work” (the person in
provide quality human his/her environment/situation) using what he calls the configural approach that looks
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills, at the person (or group) who is the target of social work efforts, within the context of
and attitude in
technological, vocational his/her various environments, each interacting with the others. His model places the
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
person at the center surrounded by the various environments which s/he is a part of:
extension, and production primary groups (those that are currently most important to him/her and have the
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. greatest influence over her life such as family, friends, work groups, etc.) secondary
groups (those that have specialized claims on certain parts of his/her interests and
labors such as the workplace, school’s system, etc.)
Socio-cultural contexts (ethnic heritage and the societal order in which s/he lives);
physical environment and historical age (actual setting and time wherein s/he
functions).
Akin to social functioning is the concept of role performance. As people
perform various roles, these roles influence their relationship with others and their
feelings about themselves. Thus, we can claim that a person’s social functioning is
well if he is satisfied with the performances of his various roles. This can be gauged if
in the process of his role performances, he gains positive relationships with others
and as a result develops positive feelings of self-worth
Social Functioning and Role Performance
Positive relationships
Satisfaction with with others
Roles in life

Feelings of self-worth

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

The social work’s Person –in-Environment Focus

Vision: Most professions deal with either the dimensions of the person or that of the
A center of excellence social environment. Social work is distinct from the other helping professions on its
in instruction, research,
extension and dual focus on person-in-environment. The Person-in-environment/situation (PIE)
production directed
towards global and underlines the importance of conceptualizing the person in an interactive context
sustainable human
development.
versus seeing him in a vacuum.
Hutchison describes the person as a multi- dimensional entity, a bio-psycho-
social –spiritual being who is a product of his/her past experiences, being shaped by
present socio-politico-economic realities, and equipped with capabilities, potentialities
Mission: and motivation for becoming. Aside from the interaction of the person and his
Basilan State College shall
environment, the context of time and the specific life event is of essence in
provide quality human understanding how the person responds within the circumstances of his environment.
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in The person’s environment /situation is made up of both objective
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
(external) and subjective (Internal) elements. The external element refers to variables
instruction, research, such as physical characteristics of the environment, geographical location, weather and
extension, and production
to improve the quality of climate, natural resources, and socio-political-economic-cultural conditions, while the
life of its clientele.
internal element refers to the perceived situation, as sense and interpreted in the mind
of the individual, and his thoughts and feelings about the about the environment, which
uniquely
Define his/her situation. The person behaves according to the internalized
effects of both the environments and any intervention the social worker proposes
should take these into serious considerations. As the environment does have a
significant emotional and psychological impact on the individual’s view of his/her
external environment and reciprocally responds to it based on this view, the social
workers’ stance is that of understanding the realities of the conditions that may have
given rise to the behavior, and not blaming the person for his/her behavior.
In addition, Norton identifies two distinct sets of influences that make up a
person’s social environment: The nurturing environment and the sustaining
environment.
The nurturing environment (or immediate environment) is composed of
people with whom the person interacts frequently and often in an intimate manner (e.g.
family, friends, and close associates at work or at school). It is and through these
relationships that a person develops a sense of dignity. Belonging and self-worth. A
person sustaining environment is made of people through which s/he encounters in the
wider community and broader society such as people who represent political
organizations, economic resources, labor unions, the media, educational systems,
health and care facilities, and human services programs (the social worker is also part
of this sustaining environment). The social worker is ensuring that the individual is
accepted, respected and valued within both environments. This is done by
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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Changing aspects of either or both environment such that the interactions

Vision: between the person and the environment lead to the experiences for the person that
A center of excellence
help him maintain his/her dignity and self-worth, empower him to make reciprocal
in instruction, research, positive contributions to his/her environment.
extension and
production directed
towards global and As PIE operates on the notion that problematic conditions can be changed
sustainable human
development.
based on the individual’s unique strengths, limitations and environmental situations,
rather than on the standards of normalcy. Social worker need to look at the problem at
hand in a context that takes into account the different elements of the social situation
affecting the person’s

Mission: Social functioning. The system certainly accounts for pathological and
Basilan State College shall
physiological factors but they are not accorded undue extra focus, instead are taken in
provide quality human proper context, where other factors that make life difficult for the person are addressed
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills, as well, in order to help him/her comfortably walk through the course of self-
and attitude in
technological, vocational
actualization and capacity building. This calls for the application of core skills and
and professional fields of competencies as well as the demonstration of basic values advocated by the profession
instruction, research,
extension, and production in order to accurately identify and analyze the total configuration of the person’s
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. system, and therefore successfully provide the appropriate intervention based on that
system.

THE PERSON AS A BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL- SPIRITUAL BEING

The phrase” the individual is a biopsychosocial-spiritual being” means that
there are inseparable interacting forces – biological, psychological, social and spiritual
that influences human behavior and personality.
The biological components would include the individual’s state of health and
nutrition, genetics and natural physical endowment at birth, normal biological growth
and development, as well as any deviation from normal functioning including illness
and physical disabilities. These may be obvious and can be described using medical
information that is obtained when necessary. The social worker is expected to know
the psycho-social
Spiritual effects of both normal as well as abnormal biological growth and
development.
The psychological component is concerned with individual’s personality,
comprising what is commonly termed “inner states”, which has three aspects:
1. cognitive (perceptual or intellectual)
2. emotional (feelings), and

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

3. conative (striving, tendency to do actively or purposefully, the aspect of

Vision: mental processes or behavior directed toward action or change and including impulse,
A center of excellence
desire, volition)
in instruction, research,
extension and The social component includes the following elements:
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human 1. Societal: aggregate data and social patterns which help create the social
development. climate in which we live, regardless of whether or not people are aware or accept them,
such as poverty and unemployment.
2.Institutional: organizational arrangements in society, such as family,
government, education and social services;
Mission:
Basilan State College shall
3. Status: Characteristics of persons and their position in society as seen in the
provide quality human way persons as described, e.g. by age, sex, race and religion;
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in 4.Normative: the forms in which social behavior are expressed, and the social
technological, vocational
and professional fields of rules that shape these forms.
instruction, research,
extension, and production Role The principal structural component of a social system representing a
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. culturally determined pattern of behavior expected of an individual in a specified social
relationship. The term represents the expected behaviors of the persons enacting the
prescribed roles. Role is relational concept and is to be understood in terms of mutually
pursued communication and actions between two or more people.
Role reciprocity The behaviors expected in performing the counter role in the
conduct of a social relationship. This concept reflects the notion “that the performance
of one role implies and requires the performance of a second role.” (e.g. mother-child,
husband-wife, teacher-students, etc.)
Status position The location a person occupies in a social system that comprised
of two or more roles. We call this cluster of roles a position.
Roles are acquired, maintained and changed through a series of transactions
between individuals and social systems. A person in any situation is defined in three
ways: from the perspective of the expectations of others for people in that role
(prescribed role), the expectations of the person taking the role (perceived role), and
that person’s actual behaviors (enacted role).
George McCall and J.L. Simmons describe five overlapping transactions that
affect the person’s role:
1. recruitment- process by which the individual’s participation in a social
system is determined by
deciding criteria for membership in statuses and roles; may be ascriptive (by
birth), conscriptive (by law), or achieved (by merit).

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

2. Socialization -process through which individual participation is defined and

Vision: refined as individuals learn to function as system members, such as processes by which
A center of excellence
people become aware of the expectation of others, and learn the attitudes, knowledge
in instruction, research, and abilities necessary to comply with those expectations.
extension and
production directed
towards global and 3. Interaction - processes through which participation in the system is
sustainable human
development.
implemented through, that allows members to influence one another and shape and
reshape social systems;
4. Innovation – processes through which a person’s participation in a system is
altered or changed, which may be externally imposed (as in changes in the physical
Mission: environment force system members to rethink the ways they relate to their
Basilan State College shall
environment).
provide quality human
resources equipped with 5. Social control – processes in which a person’s participation in a system is
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in limited or constrained, which may be implemented through positive (rewards) or
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
negative (punishment) means.
instruction, research,
extension, and production Social Functioning, Person-in-Environment Configuration
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.
The uninformed in our society associate social work with dole-outs or acts of altruism -
the giving of material aid to those in need, out of a sense of kindness. In this light,
many charity-givers or philanthropists are called "social workers." Indeed, while the social
work profession traces its roots to the humanitarian acts of people who were moved by the
material deprivations of their fellow-human beings, it has evolved into a discipline that
requires specific competencies in order to be of real help to people, and ultimately to be able
to contribute to nation-building, Social work is a profession that is practiced independently or
as part of a team in many different fields health (medical social worker; psychiatric social
worker), education (school social worker), labour and industry (industrial social worker),
corrections (court social worker, probation worker) and community development (community
organizer), among many others.

Social workers intervene in countless problematic situations people find themselves in

today: poverty-stricken heads of families who can hardly provide for their families
basic needs; women and children who are victims of sexual abuse and other forms of
violence; drug abusers desperately needing rehabilitation; slum dwellers seeking
assistance to be able to adjust in settlement areas; rural residents who are suffering
from lack of certain basic amenities like water supply; victims of natural disasters
who need to rebuild their lives; victims of armed conflict and other refugees with no
resources to start anew; former dissidents; released prisoners; discharged mental
patients who all need to be reintegrated to the community; and countless others who
need help in order to function well socially. All of this concern the social worker.
 What then, does the Social Worker do?

SOCIAL FUNCTIONING: SOCIAL WORKS FOCUS OF CONCERN

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Vision: Central PURPOSE of SW is to “enhance man’s social functioning”, that is to

A center of excellence improve his ability to adjust, cope with, manage and/or improve his/her social
in instruction, research,
extension and environment.
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human
SOCIAL FUNCTIONING – is the expression of the interaction between MAN &
development. his SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; the product of his activity as he relates to his
surroundings. It is the relation or match between the PERSON & ENVIRONMENT
(Bartlett).
Social Functioning TRIANGLE (By Skidmore, 1991):
Mission:
SATIS
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
FACT
resources equipped with ION
adequate knowledge, skills, WITH
and attitude in
technological, vocational ROLE
and professional fields of S IN
instruction, research,
extension, and production
LIFE
to improve the quality of FEELING OF SELF
life of its clientele. WORTH

POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP
WITH OTHERS

Here, we see three interrelated dimensions, with each one affecting and being affected
by the other. As people perform various roles, these roles influence their relationship
with others and their own feelings about themselves. At the same time, positive and
negative relationships with others may affect role performance and feelings of self-
worth. People’s feelings about themselves may influence the way they perform their
roles and the way they relate with others.
Interaction between INDIVIDUAL & ENVIRONMENT
When there is an imbalance in the relationship between INDIVIDUAL (needs,
aspirations, & capacities) & ENVIRONMENT (which includes expectations,
opportunities & resources), there may be SOCIAL FUNCTIONING or non-fulfilment
on the part of the person (e.g. a child failed to go to school due to poverty, etc.).
However, man has inner resources which could be developed plus the support that
could be provided by the social welfare agencies or the society, to enable him to
function well.
A Socially Functional PERSON – when he is able to COPE with social relations
and tasks. Three INDICATORS:

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

 Person is effective in the performance of his tasks; he accomplishes them

well and good;
Vision:
 Responsible to others; reliable and dependable; capable of making moral and
A center of excellence rational decisions on his own and also cares for the welfare or others.
in instruction, research,
extension and  Derives self-satisfaction from the performance of his tasks and the fulfilment
production directed of his responsibilities
towards global and
sustainable human
development. Our concern as SOCIAL WORKERS is:
To identify the “transitional problems and needs of individuals & families” as they
move from one stage to another.

Mission: To articulate the “maladaptive communication processes & dysfunctional relationship

Basilan State College shall
patterns of families”. These include interpersonal conflicts, power struggles,
provide quality human distortions in communicating, scapegoating, & discrimination that are usually
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills, maladaptive to some members. Example: parents set very high rules for honesty for
and attitude in
technological, vocational
their children so that the latter learn to hide certain behaviors, thoughts & even lie. An
and professional fields of appropriate intervention is open communication patterns & help parents/children
instruction, research,
extension, and production understand the value of honesty.
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. (Ref. Intro to Social Work by Charles Zastrow)
William Schwartz states that “every profession has a particular function to perform in
society: it receives a certain job assignment for which it is held accountable.” Thus,
we know that a person who suffers from a physical ailment seeks help from a doctor,
a person who is accused of having committed a crime consults a lawyer; and a person
who needs spiritual guidance sees a religious leader such as a priest or minister. But
what about social workers? What is their particular job assignment" in society? With
so many individuals, groups and organizations engaged in helping others with all
kinds of problems, can we delineate the responsibility of social workers? Do social
workers have competencies which these other individuals and groups do not have?
The reality is there is still a lack of clarity about the professional "job assignment" of
social workers. This lack of clarity is not only on the part of the public, but also on the
part of social workers themselves. Because of the image of helpfulness" of social
workers, an image which evolved from the Judeo-Christian roots of the social work
profession, many social workers get exploited by others. Their exploitation is often
traced to some social workers’ own lack of understanding of what ought to be the
focus of their concern. Let us review different writings about social work’s focus of
concern:
to the other with all the strength it can command at a given moment. The social
worker’s field of intervention lies at the point where two forces meet: the individual’s
impetus toward health, growth and belonging, and the organized efforts of society to
integrate its parts into a productive and dynamic whole.
Werner Boehm (1958)
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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Social Work seeks to enhance the social functioning of individuals, singularly and in
Vision: groups, by activities focused upon their social relationships which constitute
A center of excellence
interaction between individuals and their environments. These activities can be
in instruction, research, grouped into three functions: restoration of impaired capacity, provision of individual
extension and
production directed and social resources, and prevention of social dysfunction.
towards global and
sustainable human
development.
William Schwartz (1961)
The general assignment for the social work profession s to mediate the process
through which the individual and society reach out to each other through a mutual
need for self-fulfilment. This presupposes a relationship between people and their
Mission: nurturing group as “symbiotic” each needing the other for its own life and growth,
Basilan State College shall
and each reaching out
provide quality human
resources equipped with William Gordon (1969)
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational The central focus of social work traditionally seems to have been on the person-in-
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
his-life-situation complex a simultaneous dual focus on man and his environment.
extension, and production This focus has been concentrated at some times on the side of the organism as
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. interpreted by psychological theory and at other times on the side of environment as
interpreted by sociological and economic theory. The mainstream of social work,
however, has become neither applied psychology nor applied sociology.
Emphasis has been on individualizing the person- situation complex in order to
achieve the best match between each person and his environment, in which either
person-behaviour or environmental situation may deviate widely from the typical or
normative. We conclude, therefore, that the central target of technical social work
practice is matching the person with the situation -that is, intervening by whatever
methods and means necessary to help people - be in situations where their capabilities
are sufficiently matched with the demands of the situation enabling them to make a go
of it.

Harriet Bartlett (1970)

Social functioning is the relation between the coping activity of people and the
demand from the environment. This dual focus ties them together. Thus, person and
situation, people and environment, are encompassed in a Single concept, which
requires that they be constantly reviewed together.
Louise C. Johnson (1989)
Social workers become involved when individuals are having difficulty in relationship
with other people; in growing so as to maximize their potential; and in meeting the
demands of the environment. Harriet Bartlett has described this situation as “people
coping” and “environmental demands.” The bringing together of these two aspects of
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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

living in society can be termed social functioning, The core of the social work
Vision: endeavour is to find the worker and the client interacting in relation to problems in
A center of excellence
social functioning which problems are the reasons for the worker-client interaction.
in instruction, research, Thus, the ultimate goal of all social work practice is the enhancement of the social
extension and
production directed functioning of individuals.
towards global and
sustainable human
development.
The preceding descriptions are consistent with the view that the focus of social work
which is social functioning means the interaction between the individual and his
situation or environment. Social functioning is the key concept in social work so its
meaning should be very clear. The different authors’ use of "person and situation" and
"person and environment" makes the use of one or the other acceptable. In any case,
Mission: there is need to clarify the difference between "situation" and "environment."
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human The social environment is a network of overlapping social systems and social
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills, situations, including ecological system cultures and institutions, whereas a social
and attitude in
technological, vocational
situation is an impinging Segment of the social environment. A social situation is a
and professional fields of smaller, more immediate environment that “has meaning for the individual and that is
instruction, research,
extension, and production uniquely perceived and interpreted by him, in which he has one or more status roles
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. and identities, is a group member and a role performer.” An example is the “family
situation” where one functions as a wife, mother and bread winner. An aggregate or
complex social situations (in each of which the individual functions as a group
member and has a role, identity and role set) constitutes the individual’s total
situation, or milieu.
Social work therefore has a dual focus - how people cope with their life tasks and the
demands made by situations or environments on people. We know that a person’s
coping capacity is influenced by his/her physical condition, attitudes, values,
knowledge, skills and perceptions of reality. The worker must understand this because
this may provide an explanation for social functioning problems. On the other hand, it
may be the social situation that is not functional. A social situation is as liveable and
favourable, supportive and facilitative of well-functioning human beings and of their
environing social and ecological systems." Social workers must engage in situational
assessments when working with their clients and should have a framework for
analysing social situations. When, therefore, is a social situation dysfunctional? A
social situation is considered dysfunctional when it is structurally and culturally
inadequate or disorganized; is aimless, unfocused, ambiguous, contradictory;
threatening or harmful; lacks needed resources and opportunities; presents
insurmountable barriers; stimulates unacceptable stress or impulses; generates severe
interpersonal role and value conflicts; requires performance, knowledge and skills that
are beyond an individual’s capacity or ability; and does not validate identity.
Social functioning is what results from the interaction the individual’s coping
capacities. The social worker’s “job assignment” involves “mediating” (Schwartz), or

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

“matching” (Gordon), or striking a balance between people’s coping ability and

Vision: situational/environmental demands (Bartlett).
A center of excellence Simply put, social work intervention is appropriate when a person or group of
in instruction, research,
extension and persons, out of an overwhelming or stressful situation of need, or great anxiety and
production directed
towards global and discomfort seeks help from or accepts help offered by a social worker/social agency
sustainable human
development.
because he is not able to cope effectively with his problems or to make a personally
and/or socially satisfactory adjustment. This inability to cope could be due to factors
in the person(s) (his "can’t help," e.g., values, attitudes, ignorance) and/or in his
situation (lack of opportunities, oppressive social structure, situational demands
beyond his coping capacities). The social worker’s job is to mediate between these
Mission: two forces -the person’s coping skills and situational demands to enable the
Basilan State College shall individual(s), “to make a go of it.”
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills, A key concept in our understanding of person-situation interaction is the concept of
and attitude in
technological, vocational
social role (defined as the socially recognized pattern of behaviours and activities
and professional fields of expected from an individual occupying a certain position in society). All human
instruction, research,
extension, and production interactions involve the performance of certain social roles (e.g., child, parent,
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. employee, patient, etc.), so that it would be correct to say that social functioning is
the result of the individual’s performance of his social roles.
Now, let us proceed on understanding social functioning through the illustration
Understanding Social Functioning: A Key Concept in Social Work
PERSON- IN- SITUATION/ ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT:
Physical Environment & time;
-Socio-cultural contexts
-Secondary
SITUATION:
& primary groups
PERSON:
-Actual situation/external
Bio-psychosocial(objective);
-Perceived situation/internal
Health (subjective)
Cognitions
Emotions
Behavior
Internalized Effects of
Environment

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

THE ECOLOGICAL MODEL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

This is consistent with the person-in-environment perspective. Emphasis is on enhancing the coping patterns of
Vision:
people and improving their environment so that a better match can be attained between an individual’s needs & the
characteristics of his/her environment.
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed
towards global and System Levels
sustainable human
development. Client systems range from micro systems (individuals, couples, families, and groups)
to mezzo to macro systems (organizations, institutions, communities, regions, and
nations).

Mission:
Basilan State College shall
MICRO, MEZZO, MACRO LEVELS OF SOCIAL WORK
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
 Micro level 
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research,  The focus of micro level practice is to help individuals, families, and small groups
extension, and production
to improve the quality of by giving one on one support and provide skills to help manage challenges
life of its clientele. (Johnson & Yanca. 2010). In most cases this is considered to be case management
and therapy service.

 Micro social work involves meeting with individuals, families or small groups to
help identify, and manage emotional, social, financial, or mental challenges, such
as helping individuals to find appropriate housing, health care, and social services.
Micro-practice may even include military social work like helping military
officials and families cope with military life and circumstances, school social
work which could involve helping with school related resources, Individual
education plans, and so on, or a mental health case manager to help individuals
understand and cope with their mental illnesses.

 Mezzo level 

 Social work involves developing and implementing plans for communities such as
neighborhoods, churches, and schools.

 Social workers on the mezzo level interact directly with people and agencies that
share the same passion or interest.

 The big difference between micro and mezzo level social work is that instead of
engaging in individual counseling and support, mezzo social workers administer
help to groups of people. Examples of work and interest that mezzo social workers
could be involved in include the establishment of a free food pantry within a local
church to help with food resources for vulnerable populations, health clinics to

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

provide services for the uninsured, or community budgeting/financial programs

Vision: for low income families.
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,  Many mezzo social work roles exist; however social workers generally engage in
extension and
production directed
micro and mezzo practice simultaneously (Kirst-Ashman & Hull, 2015).
towards global and
sustainable human
development.  Macro level 

 Social work is very distinct from micro and mezzo level; the focus of macro level
social work is to help vulnerable populations indirectly and on a larger scale.

Mission:  The responsibilities for social workers on a macro level typically are finding the
Basilan State College shall root cause or the why and effects of citywide, state, and/or national social
provide quality human
resources equipped with
problems.
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational  They are responsible for creation and implementation of human service programs
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
to address federal governments to change policies to better serve vulnerable
extension, and production populations (Kirst-Ashman & Hull, 2015).
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.
 Social workers that work on the macro level are often employed at non-profit
organizations, public defense law firms (working pro-bono cases), government
departments, and human rights organizations.

 While macro social workers typically do not provide therapy or other assistance
(case management) to clients, they may interact directly with the individuals while
conducting interviews during their research that pertains to the populations and
social inequalities of their interest.

Although, social work is broad and allows practitioners to move within the micro,
mezzo, and macro levels. All social workers begin at the micro level to understand
the inequalities, disadvantages, and the needed advocacy for vulnerable populations.
II. THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENT
What is Systems Theory in Social Work?

Systems theory in social work is based on the idea that behaviour is influenced by a
variety of factors that work together as a system. These factors include family, friends,
social settings, economic class, and the environment at home. The theory posits that
these and other factors influence how individuals think and act, and therefore
examining these social structures to find ways to correct ineffective parts or adapt for
missing elements of a given system can positively impact behaviour. The fields of
psychology, communication theory and psychiatry influence modern social work
systems theory.
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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

In this particular theoretical approach to social work, professionals observe and analyze
Vision: the many systems that contribute to the subject’s behavior and welfare. They then work
to improve those systems according to the individual’s unique situation.
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed What Issues Are Addressed by Systems Theory?
towards global and
sustainable human
development. Systems theory offers a more complete view of a person’s situation within his or her
social environment. It is often applied to situations where many issues connect
intricately, influencing one another in various ways. Systems theory in social work is
used in cases where contextual understandings of behavior will lead to the most
appropriate practice interventions. Examples of issues that can be addressed include:
Mission:
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human  School Trauma: According to School Social Work Association of American
resources equipped with (SSWAA) general systems theory, along with theories of human behavior can help
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in school social workers assist students affected by the complex interrelated factors
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
associated with traumatic issues occurring in the school setting that impact childhood
instruction, research, development and educational advancement.
extension, and production
to improve the quality  ofDepression, Bipolar Disorder and Anxiety: This treatment approach can be helpful
life of its clientele. for these types of mental health conditions, and family systems therapy in particular has
also been shown to help individuals and family members better control and cope.
 Eating Disorders: Research has shown that there can be positive outcomes for
individuals who seek help when suffering with anorexia, bulimia or some other type of
eating disorder. One study found that family-systems-theory approaches significantly
helped participants continue to experience full remission of the eating disorder one full
year after the end of therapy.
 Risky Behaviours: Children or adults who are exhibiting risky behaviours, such as
drug abuse and unprotected sex may be able to connect with treatments and alternatives
to dangerous activities when professionals can conduct closer examinations. This may
sometimes be in conjunction with other social work theories.

ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM THEORY

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Theory focuses on the quality and context of
the child’s environment. He states that as a child develops, the interaction within these
environments becomes more complex. This complexity can arise as the child’s physical
and cognitive structures grow and mature.
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, Dede Paquette – John Ryan Ecological
systems theory: This theory looks at a child’s development within the context of the
system of relationships that form his or her environment. Bronfenbrenner’s theory
defines complex “layers” of environment, each having an effect on a child’s
development. This theory has recently been renamed “bioecological systems theory” to

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

emphasize that a child’s own biology is a primary environment fuelling her

Vision: development. The interaction between factors in the child’s maturing biology, his
A center of excellence
immediate family/community environment, and the societal landscape fuels and steers
in instruction, research, his development. Changes or conflict in any one layer will ripple throughout other
extension and
production directed layers. To study a child’s development then, we must look not only at the child and her
towards global and
sustainable human
immediate environment, but also at the interaction of the larger environment as well.
development. The various terms in this graphic are links that lead to pages explaining their
implications in this theory.

Mission:
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
extension, and production
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.

Bronfenbrenner’s structure of environment: The microsystem – this is the layer closest

to the child and contains the structures with which the child has direct contact. The
microsystem encompasses the relationships and interactions a child has with her
immediate surroundings (Berk, 2000). Structures in the microsystem include family,
school, neighbourhood, or childcare environments. At this level, relationships have
impact in two directions - both away from the child and toward the child. For example,
a child’s parents may affect his beliefs and behaviour; however, the child also affects
the behavior and beliefs of the parent. Bronfenbrenner calls these bi-directional
influences, and he shows how they occur among all levels of environment. The
interaction of structures within a layer and interactions of structures between layers is
key to this theory. At the microsystem level, bi-directional influences are strongest and

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

have the greatest impact on the child. However, interactions at outer levels can still
Vision: impact the inner structures.
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed The mesosystem – this layer provides the connection between the structures of the
towards global and
sustainable human child’s microsystem (Berk, 2000). Examples: the connection between the child’s
development. teacher and his parents, between his church and his neighbourhood, etc.
The exosystem – this layer defines the larger social system in which the child does not
function directly. The structures in this layer impact the child’s development by
interacting with some structure in her microsystem (Berk, 2000). Parent workplace
Mission:
schedules or community-based family resources are examples. The child may not be
Basilan State College shall directly involved at this level, but he does feel the positive or negative force involved
provide quality human
resources equipped with with the interaction with his own system.
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational The macrosystem – this layer may be considered the outermost layer in the child’s
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
environment. While not being a specific framework, this layer is comprised of cultural
extension, and production values, customs, and laws (Berk, 2000). The effects of larger principles defined by the
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. macrosystem have a cascading influence throughout the interactions of all other layers.
For example, if it is the belief of the culture that parents should be solely responsible
for raising their children, that culture is less likely to provide resources to help parents.
This, in turn, affects the structures in which the parents function. The parents’ ability or
inability to carry out that responsibility toward their child within the context of the
child’s microsystem is likewise affected.
The chronosystem – this system encompasses the dimension of time as it relates to a
child’s environments. Elements within this system can be either external, such as the
timing of a parent’s death, or internal, such as the physiological changes that occur with
the aging of a child. As children get older, they may react differently to environmental
changes and may be more able to determine more how that change will influence them.
Empowerment and Anti-oppressive Theory
Empowerment can be defined as enabling service users to take action to improve their
lives. From the point of view of service users, practitioners are often in positions of
considerable power, particularly where decisions are being made about the delivery of
services and around intervention in people's lives. To practice empowerment, social
workers will need to focus on working with service users to engage them in the
problem-solving process. Empowerment is linked with anti-oppressive practice, in that
the social worker can work with service users to enable them to overcome barriers to
solving problems – whether located in the attitudes and practices of professionals and
social institutions (for example, health and education authorities) or in the beliefs of the
service user. The social worker's knowledge of service provision and the law can be
critical in empowering service users. Anti-oppressive practice is ‘about a process of

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

change which leads (service users) from feeling powerless to powerful’ (Dalrymple and
Vision: Burke, 1995).
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human
Structural Functionalism Theory
development.
Structural Functionalism is a macro theory that looks at how all structures or
institutions in society work together. Examples of structures or institutions of society
include: education, health care, family, legal system, economy, and religion.
Structural Functionalism.
Mission: Definition:
Basilan State College shall Structural Functionalism is a macro theory that looks at how all structures or
provide quality human
resources equipped with institutions in society work together.  Examples of structures or institutions of society
adequate knowledge, skills, include: education, health care, family, legal system, economy, and religion. 
and attitude in
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
Key Concepts:
extension, and production
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.  Society is seen as an integrated whole, where all parts are interconnected. 
 Every structure in society works together to play a vital function to maintain stability
and the well-being of its members.
 This theory focuses on the roles people perform and the idea that behaviour follows
established norms, which helps to maintain social order.
 Institutions and people are interconnected; when something shifts, either in the
institutions or in the people, the other has to change or compensate to restore the
equilibrium. 
 It can help to think of it this way: functionalists compare society to the human body;
each part of society serves a function, just like our organs do.
 

Key Figure:
Emile Durkheim: 1858-1917.
As a researcher and a theorist, Emile Durkheim is credited as the one who made
studying sociology a science. He did this through systematic examination of the ways
in which social institutions and human beings interact with each other and influence
each other. Because he looked at the ways in which social institutions or structures
function, this theory became known as structural functionalism.

Please click the link below for further explanation of structural functionalism

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jOZqVnQmdY&t=2s-

CAUSES OF AND RESPONSES TO SOCIAL FUNCTIONING PROBLEMS

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Social functioning (or social role performance) problems may be caused by factors
Vision: inherent in the person (e.g., his physical condition, attitudes, values, perceptions of
A center of excellence
reality, etc. which affect one’s "coping), factors in the situation or environment (e.g.,
in instruction, research, lack of resources or opportunities, expectations that are beyond the individual’s
extension and
production directed coping capacities), or factors in both the person and the situation or environment. In
towards global and
sustainable human
view of these, social workers’ efforts are aimed at changing the nature of the person-
development. situation interaction. Specifically, social work intervention is always directed toward
enhancing or improving the individual’s social functioning through any of the
following ways:
1. Change strategies directed toward the individual if personal inadequacies
Mission: or sometimes pathologies make it difficult for the individual to cope with
Basilan State College shall the demands of his situation or environment;
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational 2. Change strategies directed toward the environment if it is the latter that is
and professional fields of
instruction, research, beset with inadequacies, or if the situation is such as to be beyond the
extension, and production coping capacities of the individual; and
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.
3. Change strategies directed toward both the individual and the environment.
Several decades ago, there was a big issue about which should be given
priority attention by social work, changing the individual or changing the
environment. The issue of the "social vs. the psychological," (i.e.,
responsible for social reform on one hand and giving individual help to
persons in trouble, on the other) is an old one which social workers hardly
bother with anymore because of the recognition that personal problems
emanate from relationships with the larger society. It is this person-
situation relationship that most social workers especially in the country
prefer to address. Indeed, to focus one’s effort on merely changing the
individual or the environment is to disregard social work’s dual focus on
both person and situation.
institutions and social policy which will make self-realization possible for
all men.
Social Functioning: Concepts by Professor Leonora S. De Guzman
(Fundamentals of Social Work):
 The underlying purpose of al social work effort is to release all human
power in individuals’ personal fulfilment and social good, and in order to
create the kind of society, social
 Human Power refers to the capacity for knowing and loving, to reason and
to exercise free will.
 THE PURPOSE OF SOCIAL WORK IS TO ENHANCE MAN’S
SOCIAL FUNCTIONING, that is, to improve his ability to adjust, cope
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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

with, manage, change or improve social environment.

Vision:
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human
development.

III. Reflection/Response Action

Activity 2. Create a monologue visualizing social functioning and identify

Mission: what set of influence makes up his/her environment. Submit it through a video
Basilan State College shall
presentation in your respective group chats. (30pts)
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational IV. Summative Assessment
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
A. Multiple Choice
extension, and production
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.
Multiple Choice on the Basic Concepts, Definition and other related terms of Social
Work. Encircle the correct answer. (2pts each)
1. Is a practitioner who by accepted standards of training and social work
professional experiences, possesses the skill to achieve the objectives as defined and
set by the Social Work Profession through the use of basic methods of casework,
group work and community organizing?
A. Social Welfare Officer B. Social Worker C. Social Welfare Assistant D.
Community Organizer
2. Social Work Primary Methods are the following:
A. Casework, Group work, Community Organizing B. Social Action, Group
work, Research
C. Administration, Casework, Communing Organizing D. Administration,
Research, Casework
3. An aggregation of specialized institutions, programs and services to meet certain
residual needs not covered or met by other types of social measures or government
services
A. Social Agency B. Social Work C. Social Policy D. Social Welfare
4. Is an individual (man, woman or child), a family, small group or community who
finds himself or is found to be in need of help in some aspects of his economic,
social and emotional living.
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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

A. Social Worker B. Service User C. Houseparent D. DSWD Secretary

Vision: 5. It embraces the provisions first, of adequate measures for the conservation,
A center of excellence protection and improvement of human resources; and second, of sufficient resources
in instruction, research,
extension and and opportunities for raising the levels of living and for ensuring a more equitable
production directed
towards global and distribution of goods and services.
sustainable human
development. A. Social Agency B. Social Development C. Social Policy D. Social Welfare
6. Are standing plans which are translated into programs and services and used as a
tool for the implementation of social services?
Mission: A. Social Policy B. Social Development C. Social Welfare Policy D. Casework
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
7. Is the equitable distribution of national wealth and income and equality of access
resources equipped with to opportunities for the full development of every citizen as a human being?
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational A. Equity B. Justice C. Social Justice D. Social Equilibrium
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
extension, and production
8. It is a method of helping people solve problems. It is individualized, scientific and
to improve the quality of artistic.
life of its clientele.

A. Social Work B. Group work C. Casework D. Social Welfare

9. Refers to all the organized social arrangements which have a primary objective of
the well-being of the people in a social context.
A. Social Welfare Service B. Social Work Agency
C. Social Welfare D. Social Service
10. Is a profession that promotes social change and problem solving in human
relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being?
A. Social Work B. Social Worker C. Social Welfare D. Social Development
11. Who pioneered Social Work in the Philippines?
A. Josefa Llanes-Escoda B. Jose Miguel Alvarez C. Jose Fabella D. Josefa Jara
Martinez
12. Describes what worker’s do and how they apply professional knowledge and
values to many problem situations they encounter.
A. Social Work Practice B. Social Agency C. Social Development Agency D. Social
Agency
13. Basic rights intrinsic in man by virtue of his humanity, inherent worth and
dignity, and as person endowed with a reason and a free will.
A. Rights B. Human Rights C. Justice D. Social Justice

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

14. Who said that Social Work Includes those laws, programs, benefits and services
Vision: which assure or strengthen provisions for meeting social needs to organize as basic
A center of excellence
to the well-being of the population and the better functioning of social order.
in instruction, research,
extension and A. Elizabeth Wickenden B. Gertrude Wilson
production directed
towards global and C. Walter Friedlander D. None of the Above
sustainable human
development. 15. Is when a person’s need has not been met or there’s an obstacle to its fulfillment
so the person’s capability to function satisfactorily is threatened or impaired.
A. Inequality B. Corruption C. Poverty D. Problem
Mission: 16. Is a human service instrumentality which has been set up to help human beings
Basilan State College shall
who are experiencing some difficulty in the management of their own affairs
provide quality human whether as individuals, families, groups or communities.
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in A. Agency B. Organization C. Administration D. Supervision
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
17. Used a simple, problem-solving definition of social policy as a collective
extension, and production strategy to address social problems.
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.
A. Bruce Jenssen B. Bruce H. Jennson C. Bruce Jansson D. None of the above
18. Seeks to enhance the social functioning of individuals singly and in groups, by
activities focused upon their social relationships, which constitute the interaction
between man and his environment.
A. Social Work B. Social Worker C. Social Agency D. Social Policy
19. Which law created the Department of Social Welfare and Development?
A. R.A. 7343B. R.A. 5461 C. R.A 5416 D. 4373
20. In the Philippines, health, education, welfare and labor is regarded as the core
programs for ______________.
A. Social Empowerment B. Social Justice C. Social Development D. Social Welfare

II. ESSAY
1. What are the misconceptions do you usually heard about the roles and functions of
a social worker on our society? And upon thoroughly reading this module, explain
your realizations. (10points possible)

3. In your own words, explain the meaning of Social Functioning. (10points possible)

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Vision:
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human
development.

Activity 3. Case Analysis: Explain Social Functioning in the case of Aling Petra.
(20 points possible)
Mission:
Aling Petra is a 30 year old asthmatic woman with 3 children. She lost her husband
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
in a lahar flow while trying to save some items from their nipa hut. She now stays at
resources equipped with an evacuation center with all her children, ages 4, 3 and 2.
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational Since her family receives meager food rations, Aling Petra decided to leave her
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
children with a kidly neighbor at the evacuation center while she did laundry laundry
extension, and production work in a nearby town. When she had no “labada” she begged along highway with
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. her youngest child in tow. She returned to the evacuation center late in the afternoon.

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

KNOWLEDGE & PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE

Vision: SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION
A center of excellence
in instruction, research, Worksheet:
extension and
production directed
ANNEX A
towards global and
sustainable human
development. Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________
Course &Year & Section: _________________________ Score: ______________

Crossword Puzzle. Find words as many as you can.

Mission:
S O C I A L F U N C T I O N I N G R Q W E
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human B T Y R Q U I I O H E E T U I O J F G F D
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills, X E H E S Y O W J T S W P R A C T I C E C
and attitude in C Q H T F W P U K R W R G B D G A M N Q C
technological, vocational
and professional fields of F E E T G T K R F D E R V K D Q E T E T E
instruction, research,
extension, and production
W N E H H R L E R T T T F M F R D S E E 1
to improve the quality of E V G F J E H T Y S G U G N C V H Q E M W
life of its clientele.
E I O D K Q G Y T T H S E R V I C E S B S
A R I W K S F E U E H M G E V I Q F F H C
S O J Q L O D D I D E N D D N U E E D G D
F N U E O C S L O F E B S E M E W D E T G
Y M Y R P I C M P M A C R O W R T C R E F
U E M T Q A E J W C S B Q S S F U G T S M
Y N L Y E L R N E B F H W F D Q I H T W N
R T K U R W T K R M D F D D E G D W C R K
W D P Q T O I J F N N D F B R F E E N F O
W T I L D R O T G K M E W O R K E R M D L
H R E K C K P T J H E S Q Z K S S W E M D
E E R J H E Q G K G R A F T L G W F Q N E
K W T H J U W E V F T Q G T G T E T A B F
A Q T G K R E A B Q U C C E F R D E D G B
S M E Z O O E E N E F B L D D E R E F F G
O T H F K E R W O R D V R I S F I F B C E
F Y G D E M I F R O G G T J E M C R N E T
G U J S R H Q Y P W V F H Y R N E D P W E
P H K A T H D H Q A Q D N H W Q T A A S C

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

KNOWLEDGE & PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE

Vision: SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION
A center of excellence
in instruction, research, Worksheet:
extension and
production directed
ANNEX B
towards global and
sustainable human
development. Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________
Course &Year & Section: _________________________ Score: ______________

Multiple Choice on the Basic Concepts, Definition and other related terms of Social
Mission: Work. Encircle the correct answer. (2pts each)
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human 1. Is a practitioner who by accepted standards of training and social work
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills, professional experiences, possesses the skill to achieve the objectives as defined and
and attitude in
technological, vocational
set by the Social Work Profession through the use of basic methods of casework,
and professional fields of group work and community organizing?
instruction, research,
extension, and production
to improve the quality of A. Social Welfare Officer B. Social Worker C. Social Welfare Assistant D.
life of its clientele.
Community Organizer
2. Social Work Primary Methods are the following:
A. Casework, Group work, Community Organizing B. Social Action, Group
work, Research
C. Administration, Casework, Communing Organizing D. Administration,
Research, Casework
3. An aggregation of specialized institutions, programs and services to meet certain
residual needs not covered or met by other types of social measures or government
services
A. Social Agency B. Social Work C. Social Policy D. Social Welfare
4. Is an individual (man, woman or child), a family, small group or community who
finds himself or is found to be in need of help in some aspects of his economic,
social and emotional living.
A. Social Worker B. Service User C. Houseparent D. DSWD Secretary
5. It embraces the provisions first, of adequate measures for the conservation,
protection and improvement of human resources; and second, of sufficient resources
and opportunities for raising the levels of living and for ensuring a more equitable
distribution of goods and services.
A. Social Agency B. Social Development C. Social Policy D. Social Welfare

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

6. Are standing plans which are translated into programs and services and used as a
Vision: tool for the implementation of social services?
A center of excellence A. Social Policy B. Social Development C. Social Welfare Policy D. Casework
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed 7. Is the equitable distribution of national wealth and income and equality of access
towards global and
sustainable human to opportunities for the full development of every citizen as a human being?
development.
A. Equity B. Justice C. Social Justice D. Social Equilibrium
8. It is a method of helping people solve problems. It is individualized, scientific and
artistic.
Mission:
A. Social Work B. Group work C. Casework D. Social Welfare
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
resources equipped with
9. Refers to all the organized social arrangements which have a primary objective of
adequate knowledge, skills, the well-being of the people in a social context.
and attitude in
technological, vocational
and professional fields of A. Social Welfare Service B. Social Work Agency
instruction, research,
extension, and production
C. Social Welfare D. Social Service
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. 10. Is a profession that promotes social change and problem solving in human
relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being?
A. Social Work B. Social Worker C. Social Welfare D. Social Development
11. Who pioneered Social Work in the Philippines?
A. Josefa Llanes-Escoda B. Jose Miguel Alvarez C. Jose Fabella D. Josefa Jara
Martinez
12. Describes what worker’s do and how they apply professional knowledge and
values to many problem situations they encounter.
A. Social Work Practice B. Social Agency C. Social Development Agency D. Social
Agency
13. Basic rights intrinsic in man by virtue of his humanity, inherent worth and
dignity, and as person endowed with a reason and a free will.
A. Rights B. Human Rights C. Justice D. Social Justice
14. Who said that Social Work Includes those laws, programs, benefits and services
which assure or strengthen provisions for meeting social needs to organize as basic
to the well-being of the population and the better functioning of social order.
A. Elizabeth Wickenden B. Gertrude Wilson
C. Walter Friedlander D. None of the Above

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

15. Is when a person’s need has not been met or there’s an obstacle to its fulfillment
Vision: so the person’s capability to function satisfactorily is threatened or impaired.
A center of excellence A. Inequality B. Corruption C. Poverty D. Problem
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed 16. Is a human service instrumentality which has been set up to help human beings
towards global and
sustainable human who are experiencing some difficulty in the management of their own affairs
development. whether as individuals, families, groups or communities.
A. Agency B. Organization C. Administration D. Supervision
17. Used a simple, problem-solving definition of social policy as a collective
Mission: strategy to address social problems.
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
A. Bruce Jenssen B. Bruce H. Jennson C. Bruce Jansson D. None of the above
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills, 18. Seeks to enhance the social functioning of individuals singly and in groups, by
and attitude in
technological, vocational activities focused upon their social relationships, which constitute the interaction
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
between man and his environment.
extension, and production
to improve the quality of A. Social Work B. Social Worker C. Social Agency D. Social Policy
life of its clientele.

19. Which law created the Department of Social Welfare and Development?
A. R.A. 7343B. R.A. 5461 C. R.A 5416 D. 4373
20. In the Philippines, health, education, welfare and labor is regarded as the core
programs for ______________.
A. Social Empowerment B. Social Justice C. Social Development D. Social Welfare

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

KNOWLEDGE & PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE

Vision: SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION
A center of excellence
in instruction, research, Worksheet:
extension and
production directed
ANNEX C
towards global and
sustainable human
development. Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________
Course &Year & Section: _________________________ Score: ______________

II. ESSAY
Mission:
2. What are the misconceptions do you usually heard about the roles and functions of
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human a social worker on our society? And upon thoroughly reading this module, explain
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills, your realizations. (10points possible)
and attitude in
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
extension, and production
__________________________________________________________________________________
to improve the quality of __________________________________________________________________________________
life of its clientele.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

3. In your own words, explain the meaning of Social Functioning. (10points possible)

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

KNOWLEDGE & PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE

SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION

Worksheet:
S O C I A L W O R K A N DANNEX
SOCIAC L E N V I R O N M E N T 43 | 54
 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Vision:
A center of excellence
in instruction, research, Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________
extension and
production directed Course &Year & Section: _________________________ Score: _____________
towards global and
sustainable human
development.
Activity 3. Case Analysis: Explain Social Functioning in the case of Aling Petra.
(20 points possible)
Aling Petra is a 30 year old asthmatic woman with 3 children. She lost her husband
Mission: in a lahar flow while trying to save some items from their nipa hut. She now stays at
Basilan State College shall an evacuation center with all her children, ages 4, 3 and 2.
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills, Since her family receives meager food rations, Aling Petra decided to leave her
and attitude in
technological, vocational
children with a kidly neighbor at the evacuation center while she did laundry laundry
and professional fields of work in a nearby town. When she had no “labada” she begged along highway with
instruction, research,
extension, and production her youngest child in tow. She returned to the evacuation center late in the afternoon.
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Vision:
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human
development.

Mission:
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
resources equipped with
Module 2
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
extension, and production
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.

FAMILY AND THE DYNAMICS OF THE

FAMILY

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Vision: Course Code SW 104 WEEK/DAY 5-8

A center of excellence Course SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND Duration & 9:00-10:30 MW
in instruction, research,
extension and
Description SOCIAL WORK: THE FAMILY, Schedule 9:00-10:30 TTH
production directed GROUPS, COMMUNITY, AND 10:30-12:00 TTH
towards global and
sustainable human ORGANIZATION
development. Lesson/Topic FAMILIES AND THE Lesson No.
DYNAMICS OF THE
FAMILY

Learning At the end of this chapter, the students can:

Mission:
Outcome/s  Discuss the family as a basic unit of the social environment in
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
social work
resources equipped with  Articulate appreciation of family as a basic social unit and
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in show respect on the diversity of family structures
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
 Compare and contrast the conventional and the modern-day
instruction, research, Filipino families.
extension, and production
to improve the quality of Reference/s
life of its clientele.

Course coach AIZA A. SALAPUDIN, RSW

LEARNING MODULE UNIT 2

I. Activation of Prior Knowledge

Activity 1. KWL Chart. Write your answer on the worsksheet provided on Annex
A.

What I already KNOW about What I WANT to know about

Social Work Social Work

What I LEARNED about What I STILL need to learn

Social Work about Social Work
Activity 3. Case Analysis:
Explain Social Functioning

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

II. Engagement in the Learning Content and Appropriate Learning

Vision: Activities
A center of excellence
in instruction, research, WHAT IS FAMILY?
extension and
production directed SOCIOLOGIC VIEWPOINT
towards global and
sustainable human
Enduring social form in which a person is incorporated
development. BIOLOGIC VIEWPOINT
genetic transmission unit
PSYCHOLOGICAL VIEWPOINT
matrix of personality development and the most intimate emotional unit of
Mission: society
Basilan State College shall FAMILY
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills, Two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption who reside in
and attitude in
technological, vocational
the same household
and professional fields of A groupwho love and care for each other • Role –Parts one play
instruction, research,
extension, and production when interacting with others • In terms of affinity(UNITED
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. NATIONS)
A family is a group of people related by blood, marriages
or adoption, who live together in one household

NUCLEAR FAMILY
 A mother, father & one or more children
(biological or adopted) • Advantages -Two people share
parenting responsibilities
 Financial responsibilities shared -Examples of male &
female role models •Disadvantages -Only one parent home a
large part of time
SINGLE PARENT FAMILY
• Only one parent & one or more children
• 25% of all families in the US
• 84% are female headed
• ½ of all children will live in a single parent home before age 18
• The number of single-parent homes has more than doubled in the past 20 years
• Divorced women’s standard of living drops 73%, while divorced men jump 42%.
• About 50% of the children in divorced families report having not seen their father
in the last year and only 1 of 6 see him once a week

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Vision:
A center of excellence
in instruction, research, Single Parent Family
extension and
production directed
towards global and • Advantages •Disadvantages
sustainable human
development.

Learn Responsibility No one else to help

Independence Less free time

Mission:
Can be more stable Less money
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
resources equipped with Need Role models
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational
and professional fields of Blended Family
instruction, research,
extension, and production
to improve the quality of 2 parents, or both of whom have children from a
life of its clientele.
previous relationship.
Step-parents & siblings, half-siblings

Advantages •Disadvantages

Adults share responsibilities Need more patience

Adjustment to new roles

Extended Family
• All the immediate relatives of a family-
grandparents, aunts, cousins, etc.

Advantages Disadvantages

More to help with responsibilities Less room

More support Less privacy
More money Difficulty getting along

Cooperative Family

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

• Non-related people who get together to rear their children

Vision: inone household
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed Advantages Disadvantages
towards global and
sustainable human Support Share • -Adjustment
development.

Responsibilities

FAMILY WITH NO CHILDREN

Mission:
Kinship: Network of people who are related by marriage, birth, or adoption
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
resources equipped with • Primary relatives: –Mother, father, sister, brother, spouse, daughter, son
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational
• Secondary relatives: –Grandparents, grandchildren, in-laws, aunts, uncles, nieces,
and professional fields of nephews
instruction, research,
extension, and production
to improve the quality of • Tertiary relatives: –Great-grandparents, great-grandchildren, great aunts, great-
life of its clientele.
uncles, and cousins
NUCLEAR FAMILY
(Murdock 1949) -every normal adult in every society belongs to two kinds of
nuclear families:
1. The family of orientation-family into which one is born, and where one
is reared or socialized. It consists of a father, a
mother, brothers and sisters
2. The family of procreation-family established by the
person by his marriage and consists of a husband,
a wife, sons and daughters.

EXTENDED FAMILY
( Linton(Murdock, 1939) distinguishes two types of family structure
corresponding to the nuclear and extended families.
He refers to them as: • Conjugal family-considers spouses
and their offspring’s as of prime importance and
which has a fringe of comparatively unimportant relatives.
Marriagebond is emphasized

• CONSANGUINAL FAMILY- considers the nucleus of blood

relatives as more important than the spouses. The

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

relationships of the person with the blood kin formed

Vision: during childhood is emphasized.
A center of excellence Family organization depends on the answers to four questions: How Family
in instruction, research,
extension and organization depends on the answers to four questions: How many marriage partners;
production directed
towards global and Who lives with whom; How is family membership determined; Who makes the
sustainable human
development.
decisions in the family?
Marriage and Kinship Patterns
Marriage Partners
Mission: In most industrialized nations, an individual is allowed to be married to only one
Basilan State College shall
person at a time
provide quality human
resources equipped with . • Monogamy: The marriage of one man to one woman
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational • Polygamy: Multiple marriage partners
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
extension, and production
• Polygyny: One man and multiple women (most common form of polygamy)
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. • Polyandry: One woman and multiple men (less common)

Residential Patterns
• Newly married couples might be expected to live near wife’s home, husband’s home,
or on their own
Descent Patterns
• Some societies trace kinship through mother’s side (matrilineal), some through
father’s side (patrilineal)
• Helps decide inheritance rules Authority Patterns
• Patriarchy: Father holds most of the authority
• Matriarchy: Mother holds most of the authority
• Egalitarian: Mother and father share authority
• Many industrialized societies are moving toward egalitarian patterns
BASED ON DESCENT
1. Patrilinealdescent – affiliates a person with a group of relatives who are
related to him through his father. The child has also well defined relationships
with his mother’s kin, but when he finds it to seek aid he turns to his father’s
kin

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

2. Matrilineal descent- affiliates a person with a group of relatives related to

Vision: him through his mother
A center of excellence 3. Bilateral descent-affiliates a person with a group of kinsmen related to him
in instruction, research,
extension and through both his parents
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human
development.
BASEDON RESIDENCES
1. Patrilocalresidence -newly married couple live with or
near the domicile of the parents of the
Mission: bridegroom
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
2. Matrilocalresidence-newly married couple live with or
resources equipped with near the domicile of the parents of the
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in bride
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
3. Bilocalresidence-gives the couple a choice of staying with
extension, and production either the groom’s parents or the bride parents,
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele. depending on certain factors like the relative wealth of
the families or their status, and wishes of the
parents, or certain personal preferences of the bride and
the groom
4. Neolocalresidence-permits the newly married couple to
reside independently of the parents of either groom or
bride
5. Avunculocalresidence-prescribes that the newly married
couple resides with or near the maternal uncle of the
groom. This type of residence is very rare.

BASED ON AUTHORITY
1. Patriarchal family- authority is vested in the oldest
male in the family, often the father -the sons especially
the eldest, enjoy prestige and privileges
2. Matriarchal family- authority is vested in themother or the mother’s kin
3. Equaltarian/egalitarianfamily-husband and wife exercise a
more or less equal amount of authority
4. Matricentric family- father’s prolonged absence gives the
mother a dominant position in the family. However,

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

he fathers also shares with the mother in decision

Vision: making
A center of excellence (Burgess and locke, 1963)- attribute its emergence to the
in instruction, research,
extension and fact that in suburban families, the father commute
production directed
towards global and and therefore are absent for the greaterpart of the
sustainable human
development.
day.
The Functions of the Family
Regulation of Sexual Activity
Mission: • All societies regulate sexual activity to some extent.
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
• Incest taboo is found in every society, but categories of restricted relatives differ
resources equipped with across cultures.
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational Socialization
and professional fields of
instruction, research,
extension, and production
• The family is the first agent of socialization, so societies rely on the family to teach
to improve the quality of the norms of the society.
life of its clientele.

• Parents, siblings, and other relatives serve as the earliest role models.
Reproduction
• Family is the approved social unit for producing members to replace those who die
or move away
. • Rules are set in place about who can raise children and how children should be
raised.
Economic and Emotional Security
• Family is the basic economic unit.
• Family is expected to guide the psychological development of its members and
provide a loving environment.
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 209 July 6, 1987 Family Code of
the Philippines
• Art. 1. Marriage is a special contract of permanent
union between a man and a woman entered
into in accordance with law for the establishment of
conjugal and family life. It is the foundation of the
family and an inviolable social institution whose nature,
consequences, and incidents are governed by law and
not subject to stipulation, except that marriage settlements

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

may fix the property relations during the marriage

Vision: within the limits provided by this Code. (52a)
A center of excellence • Art. 2. No marriage shall be valid, unless these essential
in instruction, research,
extension and requisites are present:
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human • (1) Legal capacity of the contracting parties who must be
development. a male and a female; and
• (2) Consent freely given in the presence of the
solemnizing officer.
The Filipino Family characteristics:
Mission:
Closely knit
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
Bilaterally extended
resources equipped with Strong family orientation
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in Authority based on age
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
Externally patriarchal, internally matriarchal
instruction, research, High value on education
extension, and production
to improve the quality of Predominantly catholic (80%)
life of its clientele.
Child- Centred
Average number of children is 5( NEDA statistics)
Exposed to environmental stresses: economic, political, urbanization
industrialization, health problems

Genogram and ECOMAP

A pictorial of family relationships
• Aneco-mapis a graphical representation that shows all of the
systems at play in an individual's life

Genogram

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 Republic of the Philippines
BASILAN STATE COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
SOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT
Main Campus Sumagdang, Isabela City, Basilan

Vision:
A center of excellence
in instruction, research,
extension and
production directed
towards global and
sustainable human
development.

Mission:
Basilan State College shall
provide quality human
resources equipped with
adequate knowledge, skills,
and attitude in
technological, vocational
and professional fields of
instruction, research, Ecomap
extension, and production
to improve the quality of
life of its clientele.

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