Mott MacDonald Introduction To The NEC - Rev C
Mott MacDonald Introduction To The NEC - Rev C
An introduction to NEC
contracts
April 2017
Mott MacDonald | An introduction to NEC contracts
Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. What is NEC? 2
1. Introduction
● What is NEC?
● Key principles of NEC
● Key differences between NEC and ‘traditional’ forms of contract
● Key impacts of using NEC in your organisation
This document considers NEC3. In June 2017, NEC will launch NEC4. NEC4 is
the result of 12 years’ of experience with NCE3. It is evolution, not revolution and
the main messages in this document will be unchanged.
Mott MacDonald | An introduction to NEC contracts 2
2. What is NEC?
NEC contracts stimulate good management, can be used for a variety of work in
a variety of commercial situations and are written as clear and simple
documents.
Projects
● Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC)
● Engineering and Construction Subcontract (ECS)
● Engineering and Construction Short Contract (ECSC)
● Engineering and Construction Short Subcontract (ECSS)
Services
● Professional Services Contract (PSC)
● Professional Service Short Contract (PSSC) 3
● Term Service Contract (TSC)
● Term Service Short Contract (TSSC)
Supply
● Supply Contract (SC)
● Supply Short Contract (SSC)
Other
● Framework Contract (FC)
● Adjudicators Contract (AC)
1
June 2005 with amendments made in June 2006 and September 2011 and revised and republished April 2013
2
NEC4 will add
a contract for ‘design build and operate’ (DBO) and
a consultative multiparty alliance contract
3
launched April 2013
Mott MacDonald | An introduction to NEC contracts 3
3.1 Introduction
NEC is fundamentally the same as other contracts in that it provides a legal
framework but it also radically different because it establishes a detailed set of
project management procedures. All NEC forms of contract are designed and
drafted with three key principles in mind:
● clarity
● flexibility
● stimulus to good management
The stimulus to good management is by far the most important of these three
principles.
3.2 Clarity
NEC contracts are easier to read and understand than many other standard
forms because they:
In addition, each member of the NEC family has similar structure, concepts and
language.
The principle of clarity in NEC is further applied to provide clear roles for all those
involved and clear processes setting out exactly what those people have to do
and withn what time periods.
3.3 Flexibility
The NEC family provides a contract for any project, service or supply:
Single or
Single contract Framework
series
Operation /
Services Professional Services Construction/implementation Supply only
maintenance
Design
responsibility Employer Contractor
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Mott MacDonald | Presentation
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The secondary options, some of which are built into the body of traditional contracts are:
X1 – Price adjustment for inflation (used only with Options A, B C and D)
X2 – Changes in the law
X3 – Multiple currencies (used only with Options A and B)
X4 – Parent company guarantee
X5 – Section completion
X6 – Bonus for early Completion
X7 – Delay damages
X12 – Partnering (for ‘multi-party’ partnering)
X13 – Performance bond
X14 – Advanced payment to Contractor
X15 – Limitation of Contractor’s liability for design to reasonable skill and care
X16 – Retention (not used with Option F)
Mott MacDonald | An introduction to NEC contracts 5
Table 1: Modular options structure in the NEC Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC)
CORE CLAUSES 1-9 (used in all ECC contracts)
– 1 General – 2 Contractor’s main – 3 Time
responsibilities
W1 W2
(Used unless UK Housing Grants, Construction and (Used when UK Housing Grants, Construction and
Regeneration Act 1996 applies) Regeneration Act 1996 applies)
The ECC can be used for any level of design by the Contractor. The works can
be fully Employer designed or fully Contractor designed or somewhere in
between as set out in the Employer’s ‘Works Information’.
4.1 Introduction
NEC is radically different from other traditional forms of contract because of its
focus on the stimulus to good management. Using NEC as a rigorous project
management tool is an investment in keeping control of quality, time and budget,
which requires active ‘real time’ management by the Employer (and his Project
Manager) – significantky more so that most than other forms of contract.
The objective and benefits of this approach for Parties involved in a contract is:
The key differences and management processes are described under the
following headings:
● Collaborative mindset
● Communication between contract parties
● Contract administration roles and responsibilities
● Accepted Programme
● Timescale for every action
● Early warning and collaborative risk management
● Compensation event management (including the use of ‘forward pricing and
time forecast’ approach)
“The Employer, the Contractor, the Project Manager and the Supervisor
shall act as stated in this contract and in a spirit of mutual trust and co-
operation.”
However, the most important part of Clause 10.1 is that those involved ‘shall act
as stated in this contract’. This emphasises the active nature of the contract and
gives effect to the rest of the clauses, which, uniquely for a contract, are written
in the present tense. In the UK the word ‘contractual’ has been ‘stolen’ by some
to mean ‘adversarial’. Acting as stated in the contract is not ‘adversarial’ – it is
just acting contractually and professionally and as required by clause 10.1. It is
critical to get both ‘sides’ to understand this at the start of the contract. Acting in
a spirit of mutual trust and collaboration has attracted much attention from
lawyers. At a practical level just ‘talk to each other’ before ‘doing what it says in
the contract’.
Mott MacDonald | An introduction to NEC contracts 8
The NEC provides clear procedures and timescales to encourage more effective,
better and earlier communication in all aspects of the management of the
contract including the assessment of change, regularly updated programmes,
early warning of risks. The objective is to reduce the incident of disputes, enable
a speedy close out of the contract and to provide greater certainty of outcome for
all those involved through the life of the contract.
NEC ECC provides for two discrete administrative roles for the Employer’s team,
the Project Manager and the Supervisor.
The Supervisor looks after compliance and testing and Defects (with a minor role
relating to title) The testing and Defects role is covered by the one and a half
pages of Core Clause 4 and is the same irrespective of the payment option. The
Supervisor often audits the records of testing carried out by the Contractor as
required by the contract. The Supervisor and the Contractor manage the
notification and management of Defects throughout construction.
In contrast, the Project Manager carries out all the other roles one might
recognise as ‘contract administration’. The key routine processes, listed with the
core clause in which they appear are:
With these key roles it should be clear that the Project Manager has
both ’technical‘ and ’financial‘ roles. The Project Manager will therefore need
technical and financial experience and/or support. From experience, the most
important issue relating to the Project Manager is the ability and authority of the
Project Manager to issue necessary changes to the Works Information and to
deal with and accept or assess quotations for compensation events.
Mott MacDonald | An introduction to NEC contracts 9
The Project Manager carries out all the actions set out for him in the contract and
with no formal requirement for approval from the Employer. The Project
Manager’s role is one of active ‘joint management’ with the Contractor rather
than more passive ‘contract administration’. This is particularly the case when
target cost options are used and the Contractor is effectively spending the
Employer’s money.
However, this is not the case with NEC contracts. The programme, more
specifically the ‘Accepted Programme’ is key to the successful administration of
the contract. The ECC recognises the importance of the programme in
construction and therefore puts it at the heart of the contract. There is an
extensive list of requirements for each programme that promote ‘best practice’
project programming. The programme has to be updated on a regular basis
(normally at least monthly) and must reflect the actual status of the project
including the effect of compensation events. The Accepted Programme is a real
tool for all those involved and forms the basis of the assessment of the effect of
all compensation events. The Project Manager is required to accept the
programme and there are clear reasons for not doing so stated in the contract.
Importantly though, the acceptance of a programme does not change the
Contractor’s responsibilities under the Contract (See Core Clause 14.1). Also,
each ‘Accepted Programme’ completely replaces all previous programmes.
Should any Accepted Programme not, for any reason, be in place, this gives rise
to one of the situations in which the Project Manager is required to assess any
compensation event (See Core Clause 64.1).
solutions to the problems encountered. This requires a good level of mutual trust
and collaboration amongst the contract parties. The early warning process is
recognised as one of the best enablers of effective project management. For
projects procured via more traditional forms of contract where adversarial
relationships between the contract parties are often in place, people can have a
hidden agenda and to cover up problems with delaying tactics deliberately
deployed to protect his own interest.
NEC in this way promotes better project management during the course of the
contract. Rather than agree a forecast now, the norm under traditional contract
(and a badly managed NEC contract) is to ‘keep records’ and hope to ’sort it out
later‘. As a result there is often no clarity at any stage on the forecast outrun cost
to the Employer or the contractually required Completion Date.
7
The ECC’s ‘model’ of ‘real’ cost is ‘Defined Cost + ‘Fee’
Mott MacDonald | An introduction to NEC contracts 11
5.1 Introduction
NEC contracts, properly implemented by well trained staff with appropriate
systems are likely to lead to:
● Better communication and collaborative working between the contract parties
for a joint project management
● Better project management
● Better incremental certainty of outturn price and completion dates of the
project
● Minimisation and ideally even avoidance of disputes.
Such outcomes should be weighed against the real cost of the investment
required in people and systems to use the NEC properly.
NEC encourages and requires:
● The need for any modifications of additional clauses to comply with the
local law8
● The need for quality documents
● The adequacy (or otherwise) of staff resources for better project management
● The compatibility with organizational procedures and authority limits
● The need for training for staff improvement and cultural change
8
See ‘Use of NEC in legal jurisdictions other than English law’, Richard Patterson, Mott MacDonald, NEC
Newsletter, No,47, July 2009 http://www.neccontract.com/news/index.asp?Type=Newsletters#
Mott MacDonald | An introduction to NEC contracts 12
Works Information, are written and the efforts of the team to minimise the amount
of change required to be managed after award of contract. However, it would
normally be expected that a Project Manager might require support as follows:
● Technical
Any changes to the Works Information
Acceptance of any post-contract design submitted
by the Contractor
● Technical/Financial
Acceptance of revisions to the Accepted
Programme
Management and updating of the Risk Register
● Financial
Payment assessment
Agreement of the time and cost effect of
compensation events.
The level of resources required for the Supervisor role will depend on:
5.5 Need for training for staff improvement and cultural change
NEC contracts can and sometimes do go badly wrong simply because the
parties to them do not ‘do what it says in the contract’. If this is the case, then
neither party will get the benefits of good project management and ‘incremental
Mott MacDonald | An introduction to NEC contracts 14
certainty that can be achieved when NEC is properly used. A key requirement is
good training. It is a common view that to successfully implement NEC and
benefit from the many best practice principles, both parties require a trained and
knowledgeable team of right-minded people ready for and capable of being
collaborative.
NEC contracts are criticised by some as being overly administrative. However, all
they do is reflect the need for communication and the need to record the
communication as having taken place. Some new to NEC resist the need to ‘act
as stated in the contract‘, which is seen by some as ’getting contractual' which
has (wrongly) come to mean adversarial. This resistance has to be overcome by
training and the joint agreement and provision of the systems required to
implement NEC contracts. For a simple contract or one with little change, simple
forms in ‘Word’ and ‘Excel’ will normally suffice.. It is paramount for a party using
NEC to develop a set of ‘standard’ templates for key communications and
registers required to manage the contract but he should recognise that other
project partners will often come with their own ways of working. It is vital to
develop a common approach from the start. For larger, longer duration and more
complex projects it may be worth investing in one of the ‘cloud-based’ propriety
systems that has been developed to help manage NEC contracts
Using the NEC suite of contracts is a major business decision. Our NEC
Advisory team can provide:
● Early advice on procurement options
● A broad perspective on the use of the NEC
● Knowledge and experience of the use of NEC
● Knowledge and experience in developing, drafting and managing contracts
● Well- informed opinions and advice
● Experience of the areas of risk in developing model documentation
● Audit/peer reviews
● Advice and support on contract management systems
● Training/education and mentoring
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