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Physics 123

This document appears to be a physics investigatory project report completed by a class 12 student at Army Public School, Fatehgarh. The project aimed to find the refractive index of liquids like water and turpentine oil using a convex lens, plane mirror, and other apparatus. The student describes the theory behind measuring the focal length of the convex lens and formed plano-concave lens, records observations, and calculates the refractive indices which were found to be 1.06552 for water and 1.22736 for turpentine oil. The report includes the required sections of introduction, apparatus, theory, procedure, observations, conclusion, result, and bibliography.

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Himanshu 11 8029
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83 views20 pages

Physics 123

This document appears to be a physics investigatory project report completed by a class 12 student at Army Public School, Fatehgarh. The project aimed to find the refractive index of liquids like water and turpentine oil using a convex lens, plane mirror, and other apparatus. The student describes the theory behind measuring the focal length of the convex lens and formed plano-concave lens, records observations, and calculates the refractive indices which were found to be 1.06552 for water and 1.22736 for turpentine oil. The report includes the required sections of introduction, apparatus, theory, procedure, observations, conclusion, result, and bibliography.

Uploaded by

Himanshu 11 8029
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Army public school

Fatehgarh cantt

CERTIFICATE
This project entitled “ PROJECT NAME ”, is the
investigatory project work in PHYSICS (042),
completed by of class-XII, Army Public School,
Fatehgarh, with AISSCE Roll No. , under the
supervision of Mr Nitin Chaturvedi (PGT
PHYSICS), for the partial fulfilment of
requirements for the course completion in pursuance
of AISSCE 2022

Teacher in charge principle

Practicle examiner school stamp


Acknowledgement
Any accomplishment requires the efforts of many people and this
work is no different. I thank especially to our Principal Mrs.
Neetu Singhand also our Physics teacher Mr. Nitin
Chaturvedi, whose guidance and support was instrumental in
accomplishing this task. I also thank my classmates whose diligent
efforts made this project possible. Regardless of the source, I wish to
express my gratitude towards those who may have contributed to this
work even though anonymously.

I express my sincere gratitude to all the members of Army Public


School Fatehgarh and my friends for their warm support and
encouragement. Last but not the least I would thank my parents too
give this project a creative blend.

A big thanks to all of them who willingly helped me out willingly with
their abilities
INDEX
 CERTIFICATE OF EXCELLENCE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 AIM OF PROJECT
 INTRODUCTION
 APPARATUS REQUIRED
 THEORY
 PROCEDURE FOLLOWED
 OBSERVATION
 CONCLUSION
 RESULT
 PRECAUTION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Aim of the project


To find the refractive index of a
liquid by using convex lens and
plane mirror

Apparatus
 A convex lens,
 Optical needle,
 A plane mirror,
 A clamp stand,
 A spherometer,
 A plumb line,
 Metre scale,
 water and turpentine oi

THEORY
Let's add small amount of water on
a flat, plane surface and place a
convex lens over it. This forms a
plano-concave lens of water
between the lower surface of
convex lens and plane mirror.
Let f 1 and f 2 are the focal lengths
of water lens and convex lens
respectively, then focal length of
the combination is

The focal length of the plano-concave lens is, .(i)


From Lens Maker's formula
R 1 = R and R 2 = for water lens.
 
The refractive index of water is , .(ii)
Procedure
 For finding the focal length of convex lens:

• Measure the rough focal length of the convex


lens.

• Place the plane mirror with the convex lens


placed on it above the horizontal base of a
clamp stand horizontally as its tip lies
vertically above the optical centre of the lens.
Adjust the needle at a height a little more than
the rough focal length of the convex lens.

• Try to remove the parallax between the tip of


the object needle and its image tip.

• Note the distance of the tip of the needle


from the centre of the upper surface of the
lens. Let it be x 1. (Use plumb line).

• Remove the convex lens and measure the


distance of the tip of the needle from the plane
mirror. Let it be x 2 . (Use plumb line).

(vi) Repeat and record all the observations.


• For finding the focal length of the plano-
concave lens:

Pour few drops of water over the plane mirror


and place the convex lens over it. Repeat
steps (ii) to (iv) as done above.Repeat the
procedure with turpentine oil also.

• For finding 'l':

Determine the pitch and least count of scale of


the spherometer. Place the spherometer on the
dried surface of the convex lens. Turn the
screw downwards very gently till the tip of the
screw just touches the lens. Read and record
the reading.

Keep the spherometer's legs on the base of a


paper and adjusting the central screw, find the
pricks A, B and C of the three legs of the
spherometer. Join the centres of the three
pricks and measure the lengths with the half-
metre scale. Note the values of AB, BC and AC
Diagram
Observation
Conclusion
Result
The refractive index of water is μ1=
1.06552
The refractive index of turpentine oil
is μ2=1.22736
Precaution
 The screw of the spherometer should be moved in
one
 direction only to avoid backlash error.
 The screw should be moved just to touch
 the surface of the

 convex lens or the glass slab.

 The parallax should be removed properly.

 The lens and the plane mirror should be properly


cleaned.

 The convex lens of large focal length should be


used.

 The spherometer reading should be taken first on


 the surface of the convex lens and then on the
glass slab
Bibliography
 Help from internet
 www.Wikipedia.com
 www.google.com
 NCERT Textbook class XII
 NCERT Physics lab manual
 Name-himanshu

 Class-xii b

 ROLL NO -11

 SUBJECT-PHYSICS

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