CHUYÊN ĐỀ 16: LIÊN TỪ

A. RULES

Liên
từ for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
kết
hợp

both... and... (vừa... vừa...),

not only... but also... (không những... mà còn...),
Liên either... or (hoặc ...hoặc...),
từ neither... nor (không... cũng không...),
whether... or (dù... hay...),
tương
as/so... as (như là, bằng/không bằng, không như)
Các quan no sooner... than... hoặc
loại hardly/scarcely/barely... when (vừa mới... thì...),
liên từ so/such... that (đến mức... đến nỗi)
trong
Tiếng
Anh

after (sau khi), as/when (khi),

as soon as (ngay khi), before (trước khi),
just as (vừa lúc), once (một khi),
since (từ khi), until/till (cho đến khi),
while (trong khi),
because/now that/since/as/seeing that (vì),
so (vì vậy),
therefore/thus/hence/consequently (do đó, do vậy),
so that/in order that (để mà),
Liên for fear that/lest (vì e rằng),
từ although/even though/though (mặc dù),
phụ however/nevertheless/ nonetheless (tuy nhiên),
thuộc whereas/on the contrary/in contrast/on the other
hand (trái lại, trái với),
in other words (nói cách khác),
as long as/so long as/providing that/provided that
(với điều kiện là, miễn là),
or else/otherwise (hoặc là),
in the event that/in case (phòng khi),
suppose/supposing that (giả sử),
if (nếu như), unless (trừ khi),
even if (kể cả khi), as if/as though (như thể là), …
B. PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1.1: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 1: Many students work to earn money_______their parents are rich
A. because of B. despite C. however D. although
Question 2: The residents of the village are living a happy life_______they lack modem
facilities.
A. despite B. alhtough C. therefore D. because of
Question 3: Backpacking is best suited for those who are in good physical condition
A. without being required to walk several miles
B. so that it would require walking several miles
C. so as not to require walking several miles
D. as it may require walking several miles.
Question 4: My uncle tries to spend time playing with his children_______he is very busy.
A. because of B. although C. despite D. moreover
Question 5: Children are encouraged to read books_______they are a wonderful source of
knowledge.
A. because of B. in spite of C. because D. although
Question 6: Solar energy is not widely used_______it is friendly to the environment.
A. since B. although C. in spite of D. because of
Question 7: Family members reach out to one another and share_______happy and sad
time together.
A. between B. both C. either D. whether
Question 8: Take time to do what needs to be done_______that the family will have time to
do fun things together, too.
A. so B. such C. now D. given
Question 9: Parents should start teaching them how to manage more complicated
duties_______children graduate from toddlerhood and move toward preschool.
A. yet B. when C. and D. so
Question 10: _______ you've made your own lifestyle more environmentally conscious,
you can also engage in_______activism to help educate others on doing the same.
A. Although B. Once C. Because D. Before
Question 11: To my mind housework is boring and_______it takes a lot of time with a
hardly visible result.
A. besides B. then C. yet D. so
Question 12: If you want to eat, give your body the water that is needed_______digest
food.
A. in order to B. in order that C. in order of D. in order for
Question 13: Brass players make sound by "buzzing" their lips_______blowing into the
mouthpiece, they change notes with the help of valves or slides.
A. while B. during C. before D. by
Question 14: The conductor_______gives the musicians non-verbal signals_______with
his hands or by using a small stick called a baton.
A. whether B. either C. neither D. both
Question 15:_______the TRUMPET is the smallest brass instrument, it can play the
highest notes of all the brass instruments and often plays in marches or fanfares.
A. Because B. Although C. However D. Since
Question 16: The TROMBONE is the only brass instrument that does not use
valves;_______the player moves a curved tube, called a "slide," back and forth in order to
change notes.
A. rather B. other C. instead D. but
Question 17: Volunteer activities bring together people who might not_______have contact
with one another.
A. likewise B. otherwise C. nonetheless D. unless
Question 18: Volunteers have the opportunity to serve in fields such as healthcare,
education, and social services - fields that need visionary leaders,_______are currently
facing a severe shortage of qualified employees.
A. and B. but C. hence D. despite
Question 19: Volunteer work and paid work are best viewed as
complementary_______mutually exclusive.
A. rather than B. other than C. instead of D. in spite of
Question 20: Student volunteer work required for graduation or continuation in a school or
training programme violate the non-compulsory feature of the definition and
should_______not be considered as volunteer work.
A. thereafter B. thereby C. thereunder D. therefore
Question 21: A patent invention is protected by law_______only particular people or
companies have the right to make or sell it.
A. in order for B. in order to C. so that D. such that
Question 22: Among the job postings that included a gender preference, 70 percent
specifically requested that the positions be filled by men_______only 30 percent wanted
female applicants.
A. and B. whereas C. or D. so
Question 23: Supporting women and men to build and advance their career_______ is an
issue of gender equality_______makes good business sense.
A. both/ and B. either/or C. not only/ but also D. so/ that
Question 24:_______many international agreements affirming their human rights, women
are still much more likely than men to be poor and illiterate.
A. Although B. Despite C. Because D. Since
Question 25: Cultural diversity supports the idea that every person can make a unique and
positive contribution to the larger society_______their differences.
A. rather than B. instead of C. other than D. in place of
Question 26: Understanding and respecting individuals who are different from one's
self,_______racially, socially, ideologically or spiritually, is a natural outcome of
understanding the vast diversity of God's creation.
A. either B. neither C. whether D. both
Question 27: Students can only use technological devices to complete their work
_______investment on notebooks and books.
A. rather than B. instead of C. but for D. in case
Question 28: Online learning gives you full flexibility to accomplish your
goals_______you can access and learn anything you want, anytime you want.
A. that B. because C. so D. which
Question 29:_______we address the various issues prudently and seriously, we are surely
doomed for disaster.
A. If B. When C. Unless D. Though
Question 30: Recycling minimizes the need for raw materials_______the rainforests can be
preserved.
A. so B. so that C. such that D. that
Question 31: My family really loves Japanese food,_______we order it twice a week.
A. yet B. so C. but D. nor
Question 32: These games are challenging,_______it’s not easy to spend little time playing
them.
A. so B. and C. for D. or
Question 33: Smoking is extremely detrimental to health, _______many people continue to
smoke anyway.
A. nor B. so C. yet D. then
Question 34: We were lost in the forest,_______luckily my friend had a map in his
backpack.
A. and B. so C. for D. but
Question 35: Would you like a cup of milk tea_______a cup of hot chocolate after dinner?
A. and B. or C. yet D. so
Question 36: Minh had his teeth decayed,_______he refused to see the dentist.
A. and B. so C. or D. but
Question 37: Anna thinks she ought to go to the university,_______she wants to get
qualifications for her dream job.
A. and B. yet C. for D. so
Question 38: He invested a lot of money in this business,_______it went bankrupt in a very
short time.
A. but B. and C. for D. nor
Question 39: The students didn’t revise for their exams,_______did they realise how
important the exams were.
A. nor B. but C. so D. for
Question 40: Peter wonders he should stay home and watch TV,_______he should go out
and have dinner with his friends.
A. so B. or C. and D. nor
Question 41: _______being the CEO of Microsoft, Bill Gates is also one of the world’s
greatest philanthropists.
A. Aside from B. But for C. Except for D. In addition
Question 42: Women are likely to become trouble-makers_______they are too talkative.
A. in order B. so C. because D. thus
Question 43:_______ASEAN is becoming more integrated, investors should be aware of
local preferences and cultural sensitivities.
A. Because B. However C. Despite D. Although
Question 44: There must be equal opportunity for all,_______ethnicity, gender or religion.
A. regardless of B. nevertheless C. in spite D. besides
Question 45: Generations can be divided_______group's language, technological
influences, workplace attitudes, general consciousness and ways of life.
A. according to B. in response to C. with respect to D. forward to
Question 46: Due to generation gaps, a child may explain to an adult how to use
technology,_______an older man passes the time reading.
A. however B. so C. because D. while
Question 47:_______the institution type, in the United States, students typically earn
credits for courses they take and these credits count towards the completion of a program
A. Regards B. In regard to C. As regards D. Regardless of
Question 48:_______, we can all expect to see great changes during our lives.
A. Even though which generation or which society we belong to
B. No matter which generation or which society we belong to
C. However we belong to which generation or which society
D. Although we belong to which generation or which society
Question 49: Reading book helps me understand many different cultures_______traditions
in the world.
A. as B. nor C. but D. and
Question 50: Priscilla Chan, who is Mark Zuckerber’s wife, is not beautiful,_______she is
an intelligent girl.
A. although B. and C. since D. yet
Question 51: Because it rains heavily, they don’t go on holiday. They stay at
home,_______
A. neither B. either C. instead D. although
Question 52: Energy produced from fossil fuels can make our environment
polluted,_______the government encourages people to use energy generated from natural
resources.
A. yet B. but C. therefore D. so
Question 53:_______Lina hates the hustle and bustle of city life, she moves to the
countryside to live.
A. As B. Although C. Provided that D. however
Question 54: She behaves_______she knew everything about me.
A. Providing B. If C. As if D. So
Question 55: I don’t want to either meet him_______say anything to him because he hurt
my heart.
A. or B. and C. nor D. but

Exercise 1.2: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 1: Ha Long Bay has spectacular natural landscapes._______, it attracts many
tourists.
A. Hence B. However C. Because D. So
Question 2: He didn’t tell me anything about_______he would come_______not.
A. whether - or B. neither-nor C. either - or D. either - nor
Question 3:_______she went home, she realized that her house had been broken in.
A. As long as B. As far as C. As soon as D. As well as
Question 4: I am thinking about taking a piano class soon_______I love the sound of piano.
A. so that B. owning to C. seeing that D. indeed
Question 5: He always pushes himself to the limit_______he can have the chance to find
out who he really wants to be and where he really wants to go.
A. now that B. so that C. that D. since
Question 6: Lina_______her brother doesn’t like learning English because they have to
memorize lots of new words.
A. or B. as long as C. together with D. and
Question 7: To pass the university entrance exam, she worked_______hard_______she
became exhausted.
A. such - that B. so- that C. both - and D. not- but
Question 8: She has to work harder._______, she will fall the next exam.
A. or else B. otherwise C. Now that D. but for
Question 9: Your task is helping potential customers identify your business._______,you
need to create a brand awareness.
A. On the other hand B. However
C. Although D. In other words
Question 10:_______I feel my brain function most effectively in the morning, I prefer to
study during time of day.
A. Now that B. Because of C. Despite D. In spite of
Question 11:_______advanced in the understanding of genetics, animals can be bred with
specific genetic traits.
A. Because B. Owing to C. As a result D. A result from
Question 12: Nowadays, Erosion is more and more increasing_______the removals of
trees.
A. on account of B. on behalf of C. because D. so
Question 13:_______is an intelligent boy_______he can solve all different exercises given
by his teacher.
A. So - that B. Such - that C. As - as D. Not only - but also
Question 14: New Year’ Eve is on the night of 31st December. Many people stay up until at
least just after midnight_______see in the New Year.
A. so that B. such that C. in order that D. in order to
Question 15:_______electric cars were quieter, cleaner, and easier to start, there are not
many people using it because they were not able to travel the far distances.
A. Even though B. Despite C. Instead D. In fact
Question 16: You can express your feeling correctly when you talk to your friend on
phone,_______you just see a message on the screen when you chat online.
A. meanwhile B. providing that C. besides D. in case
Question 17: You can enroll in this course_______your application is accepted.
A. so long as B. provide C. as well as D. so well as
Question 18:_______going to bed, you should drink warm milk, which is the best
choice for you to have a good night’s sleep.
A. After B. Before C. Although D. However
Question 19: _______I went home, everything was chaotic. Someone must have broken
into my house.
A. When B. Before C. Because D. Although
Question 20: There are many ways to do multi-choice exercises._______, you can exclude
wrong answers before choosing the best answer.
A. Besides B. For instance C. When D. Therefore
Question 21: Although the fish can hear, they have_______external ears_______ear drums
A. either - or B. either - nor C. whether- or D. neither- nor
Question 22: You are not allowed to drive your car in the city center at rush
hour_______there is too much traffic then.
A. because of B. for fear C. for D. though
Question 23: She studies so hard_______if she falls the next exam, her mother will be sad.
A. lest B. Least C. on fear that D. as
Question 24:_______it had not been for the intolerable heat in the hall, they would have
stayed much longer.
A. unless B. As if C. Supposing D. As though
Question 25:_______liquid_______gases flow freely from a container because they have
no definite shape.
A. Either - or B. Neither - nor C. Whether - or D. Both - and
Question 26: In a new culture, many embarrassing situations happen _______
misunderstanding.
A. because of B. because C. as D. seeing that
Question 27: Students are encouraged to develop critical thinking_______accepting
opinions without questioning them.
A. in addition B. for instance C. instead of D. because of
Question 28: Everybody had heard of Einstein,_______ hardly anyone could understand his
theory of relativity.
A. and B. but C. so D. because
Question 29: It was the first time I had had visitors_______I moved to London.
A. since B. as C. for D. because
Question 30: The new supermarket is so much cheaper than the one in John
Street._______, they do free home deliveries.
A. Moreover B. Consequently C. Nevertheless D. Instead
Question 31:_______, she managed to hide her feelings.
A. However jealous she felt B. if she would feel jealous
C. Despite of her being jealous D. In case she felt jealous
Question 32: My parents lent me the money._______, I couldn’t have afforded the trip.
A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Only if D. However
Question 33: All applications to courses at tertiary institutions are made through UCAS, a
central agency_______UK universities and colleges of higher education.
A. standing for B. instead of C. on behalf of D. representative of
Question 34:_______he hasn’t had any formal qualifications, he has managed to do very
well.
A. Despite B. Although C. If D. Whereas
Question 35:_______, he walked to the station.
A. In spite being tired B. Despite of tiredness
C. Although to be tired D. Despite being tired
Question 36:_______busy she is, she manages to pick her children up after school every
day.
A. However B. Although C. Despite D. Because
Question 37: A newborn baby can neither walk nor crawl. A newborn tiger,_______,can
run within minutes of birth.
A. therefore B. even though C. otherwise D. however
Question 38: We’ve had a burglar alarm installed in our holiday cottage_______we will
feel happier about leaving it unoccupied for long periods.
A. for fear that B. so that C. now that D. provided that
Question 39: _______proficiency in German would be of much help, it is not requirement
for the advertised position.
A. Despite B. Otherwise C. Regarding D. Although
Question 40: He couldn’t ride his bike_______there’s no air in one of the types.
A. since B. due to C. though D. despite
Question 41:_______his income of current job is relatively low, he finds it difficult to make
ends meet.
A. Although B. As C. Because of D. In spite of
Question 42:_______Allan’s inexperience as a midfielder, he played well and scored a
decisive goal in the final match.
A. Since B. Although C. Despite D. Because of
Question 43: Her eyes are red and puffy_______she has been crying a lot.
A. although B. since C. because of D. despite
Question 44:_______had the restaurant opened_______people were flocking to eat there.
A. Scarcely/when B. No sooner/when C. No sooner/then D. Hardly/that
Question 45: Peter always takes a map with him_______he loses his way.
A. if B. in case C. so that D. so
Question 46: My parents lent me the money._______, I couldn’t have afforded the trip.
A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Unless
Question 47: Inexperienced_______, she can know the way of operating that system.
A. even though she is B. as she might
C. she may be though D. as she may be
Question 48: You have to take the full course of your antibiotics even if you feel
better,_______your illness will simply return.
A. whereas B. such as C. so that D. otherwise
Question 49: The house felt terribly cold_______the fact that the central heating had been
on all day.
A. because of B. in spite of C. because D. although
Question 50: The building work is still on schedule_______a problem_______in digging
the foundation.
A. due to B. despite C. so as D. only if
Question 51:_______she could not say anything.
A. Therefore upset was she that B. However upset was she that
C. So upset was she that D. So upset was that
Question 52:_______badly you treat him, he’ll help you. He’s so tolerant.
A. No matter how B. In addition to C. Even though D. As if
Question 53: A new study by University College London shows that teenager girls are
twice as likely to be depressed_______social media as boys.
A. as a result B. thanks to C. despite D. due to
Question 54:_______there is not enough information on the effects of smoke in the
atmosphere, doctors have proved that air pollution causes lung diseases.
A. In spite of B. Although C. Therefore D. However
Question 55:_______a spoken language dies, it leaves no archaeology, the scientific study
of material remains such as tools, pottery, stone walls and monuments.
A. After B. As long as C. When D. As a result
Question 56: The pop festival passed off peacefully, _______the fears of local residents.
A. despite B. however C. but D. due to

Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 1: The doctors looked at the test result, but they decided to operate on the patient.
A B C D
Question 2: Hoa flew to Paris to visit her grandma, so to see Eiffel Tower.
A B C D
Question 3: Lan studied hard for the final test, but she passed with flying colours.
A B C D
Question 4: She’s counting her calories, so she really wants to eat dessert after meals
A B C D
Question 5: There was no food in the fridge, nor they didn’t have money to go to the
A B C D
market.
Question 6: Dogs are loyal pets, or they will never make you feel betrayed.
A B C D
Question 7: We went to the Korean restaurant, so we found out it was closed early.
A B C D
Question 8: Don’t forget your passport, and you’ll have trouble checking in.
A B C D
Question 9: We also have to do our assignment, and we’ll be punished.
A B C D
Question 10: John picked me up at my house, but we went out for a walk.
A B C D
Question 11: Travelling helps not only me meet people from all different walks of life
A B
but also gives me a chance to widen my horizon.
C D
Question 12: To reduce air pollution, the government encourages people to use
A B
public transportation instead driving car.
C D
Question 13: She always asks someone to solve her problems when she can address
A B C D
them on her own.
Question 14: Provide the weather permits, the annual company picnic will be held at
A B C
a national park on Saturday, the 9th.
D
Question 15: She gave up her occupation because this job was not suitable for her.
A B
However, she also wanted to have time to take care of her family better.
C D
Question 16: It’s hot here, in Saigon, and then it has rained, it floods, all the ditches
A B C
will be choked up with water and trash.
D
Question 17: I can let you borrow my computer unless you keep all of my files untouched.
A B C D
Question 18: You can call this phone number once you do not meet him at his office.
A B C D
Question 19: I tell them the truth, regardless what they want to hear.
A B C D
Question 20: Even though repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people
A B C
have stopped buying it.
D
Question 21: Actually, noise can cause a lot of problems, it can directly damage your ear,
A
specially your ear drum. However, I think noise can interfere into your concentration and
B C D
your productivity.
Question 22: You shouldn’t drink water too much owning to if you drink too much and
A B
too suddenly, you can get poison as well owning to the huge intake.
C D
Question 23: You must either leave for the movies immediately nor forget about going.
A B C D
Question 24: My brother never attended the military parades in the city, but he hated war.
A B C D
Question 25: All root vegetables grow underground, and not all vegetables that grow
A B C
underground are roots.
D
Question 26: William not only takes three showers a day and washes his clothes twice.
A B C D
Question 27: No matter how you place your order, we will do our best to get it filled
A B C
by the time you request.
D
Question 28: BioTech will change its end user licensing agreement policy in spite of
A B
the complaints that we have received regarding its practicality.
C D
Question 29: Though falling sales, we are optimistic about our sales next year because
A B C
we have high expectations for the new product line.
D
Question 30: However she was very hard working, she hardly earned enough to feed
A B C D
her family.
Question 31: That was the reason when they didn’t want to come back to their hometown.
A B C D
Question 32: To sump up, unless the population explosion continues, many more people
A B
will die for starvation in poor countries, and life in the cities, even in affluent nations,
C
will become increasingly difficult.
D
Question 33: Applicants are required to present between a reference letter and a
A B C
photocopy of their social security card.
D
Question 34: Actually, when I was a child, I only learnt history through a text book and
A B
at that time I was not so interested in it because there were so many things that I had to
C D
remember.
Question 35: Although I pretended to be fine, the whole thing was so a worry that I
A B C
began to lose sleep over it.
D

Exercise 3: For each of the sentences, write a new sentence as similar as possible in
meaning to the original one, using the word given in CAPITALS. This word must not be
altered in any way.
Question 1: The government adopted the laws to regulate emission. They wanted to reduce
air pollution. (SO THAT)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 2: To reduce releasing polluted air into environment, the government encourages
people to replace gasoline- fueled with zero- emission vehicle. (WITH A VIEW TO)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 3: People like driving cars instead of taking public transportation. Using the car is
easy to move. (BECAUSE)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 4: The development of artificial intelligence helps reduce the workload of human.
It also causes great harm. (ALTHOUGH)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 5: If we don’t go home before night, we will be locked out. (OTHERWISE)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 6: Although he has a physical handicap, he becomes a successful businessman.
(DESPITE)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 7: I don’t tell the truth to my mother. I am afraid of being punished. (FOR FEAR
THAT)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 8: You can take anything from my store, but you have to pay for them.
(PROVIDING THAT)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 9: Although robots are immensely intelligent, they are unlikely to exhibit human
emotion. (IN SPITE OF)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 10: Declining mortality rate is one of reasons which cause overpopulation.
(OWNING TO)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 11: High levels of pollution and noise cause stress for more and more people who
live in the city. (BECAUSE OF)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 12: It is a wider gap between rich and poor that makes economy less develop.
(DUE TO)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 13: Tom doesn’t want to become a doctor and neither does his sister.
(NEITHER ...NOR)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 14: If you continue play truant, you will be expelled from the school. (OR)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 15: Playing sport helps me keep fit. It also prevents various health problems such
as high blood pressure. (NOT ONLY...BUT ALSO)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 16: Both Lina and her friend like independent learning, which helps them study
better. (ACCOMPANIED BY)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 17: Milk tea is not good for health. It makes people become fatter and can lead to
diabetes. (WHEREAS)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 18: There were so many people on the beach that it was difficult to get into the
sea. (SUCH...THAT)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 19: It may take three days for my friend to receive my letter. Sending a message
only takes several seconds. (WHILE)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 20: Your mother will give you anything that you like if you enter Foreign Trade
University. (PROVIDED)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 21: When going to public places like restaurants, it’s not exactly quiet either
because everyone tries to speak louder so that they can hear themselves and they can hear
their friends. (SEEING THAT)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 22: The bus service was so unreliable that we chose to travel by taxi. (SO)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 23: Juice and other kinds of soft drinks contain a huge amount of calories.That is
the reason why they make people gain weight too much. (AS)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 24: I move to the countryside. I want to have fresh air and live in a peaceful place.
(WITH A VIEW TO)
=>______________________________________________________________________
Question 25: She buys a lovely doll. He daughter can play with it at home. (IN ORDER
THAT)
=>______________________________________________________________________

Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each
pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 1: Laura practised playing the instrument a lot. She could hardly improve her
performance.
A. Hardly had Laura practised playing the instrument a lot when she could improve her
performance.
B. Had Laura practised playing the instrument a lot, she could have performed much better.
C. However much Laura practised playing die instrument, she could hardly perform any
better.
D. As soon as Laura practised playing the instrument a lot, she could perform much better.
Question 2: Last night she worked very hard. She wanted to finish the report on time.
A. Last night she worked very hard so as to finish the report on time.
B. Last night she worked very hard although he wanted to finish the report on time.
C. However hard she worked last night, she finished the report on time.
D. No matter how hard she worked last night, she finished the report on time.
Question 3: The ethnic minority people make wine to enjoy themselves. It is wine that has
bad effects on their mental and physical health.
A. Despite making wine to enjoy themselves, it is wine that has bad effects on ethnic
minority people's mental and physical health.
B. In spite of having bad effects on their mental and physical health, ethnic minority people
make wine to enjoy themselves.
C. Even though ethnic minority people make wine to enjoy themselves, it has bad effects on
their mental and physical health.
D. Both A & C are correct.
Question 4: The singer performed the traditional song beautifully but she didn't pass the
audition.
A. The singer's performance of a traditional song was too traditional to pass the audition.
B. The singer performed the traditional song beautifully, yet she didn't pass the audition.
C. The singer performed the traditional song beautifully enough to pass the audition.
D. The traditional song she performed was so beautiful that she did not pass the audition.
Question 5: You should take in more fruits and vegetables instead of eating too much fast
food.
A. Eating too much fast food day and taking in more fruits and vegetables are advisable.
B. Don't take in more fruits and vegetables, just eat too much fast food instead.
C. Eating too much fast food helps you take in more fruits and vegetables.
D. Taking in more fruits and vegetables is better than eating too much fast food.
Question 6: My brother can't pass the entrance examination. He is very hard-working.
A. My brother can't pass the entrance examination even though he is very hard working.
B. My brother can't pass the entrance examination but he is very hard-working.
C. My brother can't pass the entrance examination despite he is very hard-working.
D. My brother can't pass the entrance examination despite a fact that he is very hard-
working.
Question 7: Mark didn't arrive in time to watch the musical Swan Lake.
A. Mark was so late that he can't watch the musical Swan Lake.
B. Mark wasn't too early to watch the musical Swan Lake.
C. Mark wasn't early enough to watch the musical Swan Lake.
D. Mark wasn't enough early to watch the musical Swan Lake.
Question 8: All families have disagreements from time to time. There may be times when
you feel that others in your family don't understand you.
A. All families have disagreements from time to time, but there may be times when you feel
that others in your family don't understand you.
B. All families have disagreements from time to time, which makes you feel that others in
your family don't understand you.
C. There may be times when you feel that others in your family don't understand you and all
families have disagreements from time to time.
D. Because all families have disagreements from time to time, there may be times when you
feel that others in your family don't understand you.
Question 9: Family members share fun as well as sorrow and help heal one another's hurts.
A. As family members share fun as well as sorrow, they also help heal one another's hurts.
B. Family members share fun as well as sorrow so that they can help heal one another's
hurts.
C. Not only do family members share fun as well as sorrow, but they also help heal one
another's hurts.
D. Family members do not share only fun as well as sorrow, but they also help heal one
another's hurts.
Question 10: Salt is vital. It extracts and gets rid of acids.
A. It's vital for salt to extract and get rid of acids.
B. Salt is vital as it extracts and gets rid of acids.
C. Extracting and get rid of acids is vital to salt.
D. Salt extraction and getting rid of acids are vital.
Question 11: The teeth are part of the skeletal system. However, they aren't considered
bones.
A. The teeth are part of the skeletal system, but they aren't considered bones.
B. Being also part of the skeletal system, the teeth aren't considered bones.
C. As not being considered bones, the teeth are also part of the skeletal system.
D. Although considered bones, the teeth are not part of the skeletal system.
Question 12: Our skin not only provides protection to the internal body parts. It also gives
us our sense of touch.
A. Our skin not only provides protection to the internal body parts, but also gives us our
sense of touch.
B. Because our skin provides protection to the internal body parts, it also gives us our sense
of touch.
C. Providing protection to the internal body parts, the skin gives us our sense of touch.
D. To provide protection to the internal body parts, the skin gives us our sense of touch.
Question 13: There are many places to go where you will be a member of an audience.
However, audiences do not act the same at every type of event.
A. Although there are many places to go where you will be a member of an audience,
audiences do not act the same at every type of event.
B. At different places where you will be a member of an audience, audiences do not act the
same at every type of event.
C. At every type of event at many different places where you will be a member of an
audience, audiences do not always act the same.
D. Audiences do not act the same at every type of event because there are many places
where they can be a member of an audience.
Question 14: The evolution of marketing in the music industry has been carried out. At the
same time, the evolution of technology in music has also been carried out.
A. The evolution of marketing in the music industry has been carried out, resulting in the
evolution of technology in music.
B. The evolution of marketing in the music industry has been carried out thanks to the
evolution of technology in music.
C. The evolution of marketing in the music industry has been simultaneously carried out
with the evolution of technology in music.
D. The evolution of marketing in the music industry has been carried out, thanks to the
evolution of technology in music.
Question 15: It is recognized that students' volunteer work will benefit communities.
However, its primary purpose is to contribute to students' development.
A. Although it is recognized that students' volunteer work will benefit communities, its
primary purpose is to contribute to students' development.
B. As it is recognized that students' volunteer work will benefit communities, its primary
purpose is to contribute to students' development.
C. As the primary purpose of students' volunteer work is to contribute to students'
development, its benefit to communities is recognized.
D. To recognize the benefit of students' volunteer work to communities, it is to note that its
primary purpose is to contribute to students' development.
Question 16: The lack of systematic data on volunteer work is not simply an academic
matter. It also limits the ability to make the most effective use of this important resource.
A. Because the lack of systematic data on volunteer work is not simply an academic matter,
it limits the ability to make the most effective use of this important resource.
B. The lack of systematic data on volunteer work is not only simply an academic matter, but
it also limits the ability to make the most effective use of this important resource.
C. Due to the lack of systematic data on volunteer work, it is now not only a simple
academic matter but also limits the ability to make an effective use of this important
resource.
D. Because the lack of systematic data on volunteer work limits the ability to make the most
effective use of this important resource, it is not simply an academic matter.
Question 17: Some volunteers are not willing to travel. They prefer to seek opportunities
nearer home.
A. Seeking opportunities nearer their homes makes some volunteers unwilling to travel.
B. Being able to seek opportunities nearer home, some volunteers are not willing to travel.
C. When volunteers are not willing to travel, they will try to seek opportunities nearer
home.
D. Because some volunteers are not willing to travel, they seek opportunities nearer home.
Question 18: Cultural diversity can be a source of tension. It can also bolster workplace
productivity.
A. Cultural diversity can be a source of tension, but it can also bolster workplace
productivity.
B. Cultural diversity can bolster workplace productivity, but it can also be a source of
tension.
C. Being a source of tension can also make cultural diversity bolster workplace
productivity.
D. When bolstering workplace productivity, cultural diversity can be a source of tension.
Question 19: Diverse companies are more aware of the needs of their community. They
tend to give more monetarily and engage in cultural events in their communities.
A. Because diverse companies are more aware of the needs of their community, they tend to
give more monetarily and engage in cultural events in their communities.
B. Diverse companies are more aware of the needs of their community, but they tend to give
more monetarily and engage in cultural events in their communities.
C. Although diverse companies are more aware of the needs of their community, they tend
to give more monetarily and engage in cultural events in their communities.
D. Diverse companies are not only more aware of the needs of their community, but they
also tend to give more monetarily and engage in cultural events in their communities.
Question 20: Students' needs are diverse. There are various types of schools and training
programs to choose from.
A. Students' needs are diverse although there are various types of schools and training
programs to choose from.
B. There are various types of schools and training programs for students of diverse needs to
choose from.
C. Students' needs are diverisifying types of schools and training programs for them to
choose from.
D. Students' needs are diverse, so there are various types of schools and training programs
to choose from.
Question 21: Angelina Jolie began taking an interest in charity work. She was filming in
Cambodia then.
A. After Angelina Jolie began taking an interest in charity work, she was filming in
Cambodia.
B. Angelina Jolie began taking an interest in charity work while she was filming in
Cambodia.
C. Before Angelina Jolie was filming in Cambodia, she began to take an interest in charity
work.
D. As soon as Angelina Jolie began taking an interest in charity work, she was filming in
Cambodia then.
Question 22: They were busy with their schoolwork. They spent time helping the elderly in
the retirement home.
A. They were busy with their schoolwork, but they still spent time helping the elderly in the
retirement home.
B. They spent time helping the elderly in the retirement home, so they were busy with their
schoolwork.
C. They were busy with their schoolwork, and they spent time helping the elderly in the
retirement home.
D. They spent time helping the elderly in the retirement home, or they were busy with their
schoolwork.
Question 23: Some students took part in directing the traffic. Others took care of the war
invalids.
A. Some students took part in directing the traffic, so some others took care of the war
invalids.
B. Some students took part in directing the traffic, for some others took care of the to war
invalids.
C. Some students took part in directing the traffic, and some others took care of the war
invalids.
D. Some students took part in directing the traffic, but some others took care of the war
invalids.
Question 24: The boy was only 10 years old. He established an athletic programme for
children with special needs.
A. Despite his young age, the boy established an athletic programme for children with
special needs.
B. Until the boy was only 10 years old, he established an athletic programme for children
with special needs.
C. The boy established an athletic programme for children with special needs because he
was only 10 years old.
D. The boy established an athletic programme for children with special needs in case of his
young age.
Question 25: Bell succeeded with his new invention. People were able to talk to each other
over great distances.
A. Because Bell’s success with the new invention, people were able to talk to each other
over great distances.
B. In spite of Bell’s success with the new invention, people were able to talk to each other
over great distances.
C. Owing to Bell’s success with the new invention, people were able to talk to each other
over great distances.
D. Since Bell’s success with the new invention, people were able to talk to each other over
great distances.
Question 26: You have to finish your homework if you want to go to the party.
A. Finish your homework, and you cannot go to the party.
B. Unless you finish your homework, you can go to the party.
C. Finish your homework, otherwise you can go to the party.
D. Finish your homework, or else you cannot go to the party.
Question 27: Although he was very tired, he agreed to play tennis.
A. Tired as though he was, he agreed to play tennis.
B. Tired though he was, he agreed to play tennis.
C. Tired, he agreed to play tennis.
D. So tired was he that he agreed to play tennis.
Question 28: You have to finish your homework if you want to visit the heritage site with
your classmates.
A. Finish your homework if you don't want to visit the heritage site with your classmates.
B. Unless you finish your homework, you can visit the heritage site with your classmates.
C. Finish your homework, otherwise you can visit the heritage site with your classmates.
Question 29: Poverty and overcrowding are ruining the life of people in many big cities.
A. To make poverty and overcrowding even worse, people in many big cities ruin their life.
B. Due to poverty and overcrowding, the life of people in many big cities is being ruined.
C. Unless there are poverty and overcrowding, the life of people in many big cities won't be
ruined.
D. Despite poverty and overcrowding, the life of people in many big cities is being ruined.
Question 30: We stayed in that hotel despite the noise.
A. Because the hotel is noisy, we stayed there.
B. We stayed in the noisy hotel, and we liked it.
C. Although the hotel was noisy, we stayed there.
D. Without the noise, we would have stayed in the hotel.
Question 31: I was so busy. I couldn't come to her birthday party.
A. I came to her birthday party so I was too busy.
B. I was too busy to come to her birthday party.
C. I was busy enough to come to her birthday party.
D. Her birthday party made me really busy.
Question 32: She intended to study music in New Jersey. Accidentally she left and studied
music in New York.
A. She left her hometown in New Jersey in order to study music in New York.
B. After studying music in New Jersey, she studied music in New York.
C. She left New Jersey with the intention to study music in New York.
D. She was going to study music in New Jersey but then studied in New York.
Question 33: He died in 1960. He received the bravery award in 1970.
A. After his death, he received the bravery award in 1970.
B. Because he died in 1960, he received the bravery award in 1970.
C. He died in 1960 so he received the bravery award in 1970.
D. Before his death, he received the bravery award in 1970.
Question 34: His mother wanted him to be a doctor. He wanted to become a music
composer.
A. His mother wanted him to be a doctor because he wanted to become a music composer.
B. His mother wanted him to be a doctor so he wanted to become a music composer.
C. His mother wanted him to be a doctor but he wanted to become a music composer.
D. If his mother wanted him to be a doctor, he wanted to become a music composer.
Question 35: He sang very badly. Everyone left the room.
A. Everyone left the room so he sang badly.
B. He sang very badly so everyone left the room.
C. He sang badly as a result of everyone leaving the room.
D. He sang so badly but everyone left the room.
Question 36: Gender discrimination in education starts at home. Parents treat boys and girls
differently.
A. If parents don’t treat boys and girls differently, gender discrimination in education starts
at home.
B. Gender discrimination in education starts at home unless parents treat boys and girls
differently.
C. Gender discrimination in education starts at home if parents treat boys and girls
differently.
D. If gender discrimination in education starts at home, patents treat boys and girls the
same.
Question 37: Gender differences cannot prevent a person from pursuing a job. Success
comes to those who have enough courage and will.
A. Unless success comes to those who have enough courage and will, gender differences
cannot prevent a person from pursuing a job.
B. Gender differences cannot prevent a person from pursuing a job unless success comes to
those who have enough courage and will.
C. Gender differences can prevent a person from pursuing a job because success comes to
those who have enough courage and will.
D. Gender differences cannot prevent a person from pursuing a job because success comes
to those who have enough courage and will.
Question 38: Men should share household tasks with their wives. This helps to maintain
gender equality at home.
A. Men should share household tasks with their wives unless this helps to maintain gender
equality at home.
B. Men should share household tasks with their wives in order to maintain gender equality
at home.
C. Men should share household tasks with their wives, but this helps to maintain gender
equality at home.
D. Men shouldn't share household tasks with their wives because this helps to maintain
gender equality at home.
Question 39: Women have to do too much work. They will be exhausted.
A. If women have to do too much work, they will be exhausted.
B. Unless women have to do too much work, they will be exhausted.
C. As long as women don’t I have to do too much work, they will be exhausted.
D. In case women have to do too much work, they won’t be exhausted.
Question 40: Wage discrimination attects women negatively. This should be abolished.
A. Wage discrimination should be abolished, so it affects women negatively.
B. Wage discrimination affects women negatively because this should be abolished.
C. Wage discrimination affects women negatively, so this should be abolished.
D. Wage discrimination should be abolished unless it affect women negatively.
Question 41: Living independently means you'll be footing your own bills. Keep your
finances in order.
A. Living independently means you'll be footing your own bill or keep your finances in
order.
B. Living independently means you'll be footing your own bill, so keep your finances in
order.
C. Living independently means you'll be footing your own bill and keep your finances in
order.
Question 42: The boy spends too much time in front of the telly. His parents are worried
about his school work.
A. While the boy is spending his time in front of the telly, his parents are worried about his
school work.
B. As he spends too much time in front of the telly, the boy's parents are worried about his
school work.
C. Spending too much time in front of the telly, the boy asks his parents to worry about his
school work.
D. The boy's parents are worried about his school work after he spends too much time in
front of the telly.
Question 43: Urban population grows and the effects of climate change worsen. Therefore,
our cities have to adapt.
A. Our cities have to adapt if urban population grows and the effects of climate change
worsen.
B. As the urban population grows and the effects of climate change worsen, our cities have
to adapt.
C. Our cities are always adaptive to urban population growth and the effects of climate
changes.
D. Urban population growth and effects of climate changes are worsening, which make our
cities more adaptive.
Question 44: Plants grow old as surely as do animals. However, a generally accepted
definition of age in plants has not yet been realized.
A. Plants grow old as surely as do animals, and a generally accepted definition of age in
plants has not yet been realized.
B. Although plants grow old as surely as do animals, a generally accepted definition of age
in plants has not yet been realized.
C. Plants grow old as surely as do animals, so a generally accepted definition of age in
plants has not yet been realized.
D. For plants to grow old as surely as do animals, a generally accepted definition of age in
plants has not yet been realized.
Question 45: You shouldn't be worried. You have prepared carefully for the test.
A. You shouldn't be worried, and you have prepared carefully for the test.
B. You shouldn't be worried, or you have prepared carefully for the test.
C. You shouldn't be worried, for you have prepared carefully for the test.
D. You shouldn't be worried, but you have prepared carefully for the test.
Question 46: The kids like Sundays. They don't have to get up early then.
A. The kids like Sundays if they don't have to get up early then.
B. The kids like Sundays although they don't have to get up early then.
C. The kids like Sundays so that they don't have to get up early then.
D. The kids like Sundays since they don't have to get up early then.
Question 47: Some parents and children have different tastes in music. They have different
tastes in fashion, too.
A. Some parents and children have different tastes in both music and fashion.
B. Some parents and children have different tastes in either music or fashion.
C. Some parents and children have different tastes in neither music nor fashion.
D. Some parents and children have different tastes in music but not fashion.
Question 48: His parents don't like some of his friends. His friends wear too flashy clothes.
A. His parents don't like some of his friends despite their too flashy clothes.
B. His parents don't like some of his friends because of their too flashy clothes.
C. His parents don't like some of his friends but for their flashy clothes.
D. His parents don’t like some of his friends without their too flashy clothes.
Question 49: You are not so ill. You don't have to stay in bed all the time.
A. You are not so ill, so there is no need to stay in bed all the time.
B. You are too ill to stay in bed all the time.
C. You are not ill enough to stay in bed all the time.
D. You are not so ill, but there is no need to stay in bed all the time.
Question 50: Understanding cognitive disabilities will change people's attitudes. It will also
make them support these children better.
A. Understanding cognitive disabilities will neither change people's attitudes nor make them
support these children better.
B. Understanding cognitive disabilities will either change people's attitudes or make them
support these children better.
C. Understanding cognitive disabilities will only change people's attitudes not make them
support these children better.
D. Understanding cognitive disabilities will not only change people's attitudes but also make
them support these children better.
Question 51: Thomas Edison was one of the world's greatest inventor. He had difficulties
with words and speech.
A. Thomas Edison, one of the world's greatest inventor, had difficulties with words and
speech.
B. Because Thomas Edison was one of the world's greatest inventor, he had difficulties with
words and speech.
C. Although Thomas Edison was one of the world's greatest inventor, he had difficulties
with words and speech.
D. Unless Thomas Edison were one of the world's greatest inventor, he would have
difficulties with words and speech.
Question 52: Disabled people can contribute to our community. Non-disabled people can
also contribute to our community.
A. Either disabled people or non-disabled ones can contribute to our community.
B. Both disabled people and non-disabled ones can contribute to our community.
C. Only disabled people not non-disabled ones can contribute to our community.
D. Neither disabled people nor non-disabled ones can contribute to our community.
Question 53: Louis Braille invented Braille in 1829. Since then, it has been an effective
means of communication for the visually impaired.
A. Since Louis Braille invented Braille in 1829, it has been an effective means of
communication for the visually impaired.
B. Louis Braille had no sooner invented Braille in 1829 than it became an effective means
of communication for the visually impaired.
C. Not until Louis Braille invented Braille in 1829 did it become an effective means of
communication for the visually impaired.
D. Louis Braille invented Braille in 1829 so that it would be an effective means of
communication for the visually impaired.
Question 54: We should not use the words like "deaf or "them". They are disrespectful.
A. We should not use the words like "deaf or "them", and they are disrespectful.
B. We should not use the words like "deaf or "them", so they are disrespectful.
C. We should not use the words like "deaf or "them", but they are disrespectful.
D. We should not use the words like "deaf or "them", for they are disrespectful.
Question 55: The book was written by a famous author. It was not well recognized.
A. The book would not be well recognized if it were written by a famous author.
B. The book was written by a famous author, but it was not well recognized.
C. Due to the famous author, the book was not well recognized.
D. The author who is famous did not recognize the book.
Question 56: Nina was so nervous. She quit the final round of the competition.
A. Nina was too nervous to join the final round of the competition.
B. Nina quit final round of the competition despite being nervous.
C. Though she was nervous, Nina quit the final round of the competition.
D. Having quit the final round of the competition, Nina felt nervous.
Question 57: The region's average rainfall is high. Few streams and rivers can be seen
there.
A. Because of the region's high average rainfall, few streams and rivers can be seen there.
B. The region's average rainfall is so high that few streams and rivers can be seen there.
C. If the region's average rainfall were high, more streams and rivers could be seen there.
D. In spite of the region's high average rainfall, few streams and rivers can be seen there.
Question 58: We almost gave up hope. At that time, the rescue party arrived.
A. Only after the rescue party arrived did we give up hope.
B. It was not until the rescue party arrived that we gave up hope.
C. We were on the verge of giving up hope when the rescue party arrived.
D. Had the rescue party not arrived, we wouldn't have given up hope.
Question 59: Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated. Traffic will be heavy,
too.
A. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, and traffic will be heavy.
B. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, for traffic will be heavy.
C. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, but traffic will be heavy.
D. Pessimistically speaking, cities will be overpopulated, or traffic will be heavy.
Question 60: No disapproval of the plan was raised. I suggest we go ahead.
A. Despite the approval of the plan being raised, I suggest we go ahead.
B. In case someone raises the disapproval of the plan, I suggest we go ahead.
C. As nobody raised any disapproval of the plan, I suggest we go ahead.
D. Because the disapproval of the plan might be raised, I suggest we go ahead.