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Alternating Current Class 12 Notes Chapter 7

1. Alternating current (AC) varies in both magnitude and direction periodically over time according to mathematical functions like sine or cosine waves. 2. The effective or root mean square (rms) value of AC is defined as the steady current that would generate the same amount of heat in a resistor over a full cycle as the varying AC. It is equal to 70.7% of the peak value. 3. The average or mean value of AC is defined as the current that would send the same total charge through a circuit in half a cycle as a steady current. It is equal to 63.7% of the peak value.

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149 views4 pages

Alternating Current Class 12 Notes Chapter 7

1. Alternating current (AC) varies in both magnitude and direction periodically over time according to mathematical functions like sine or cosine waves. 2. The effective or root mean square (rms) value of AC is defined as the steady current that would generate the same amount of heat in a resistor over a full cycle as the varying AC. It is equal to 70.7% of the peak value. 3. The average or mean value of AC is defined as the current that would send the same total charge through a circuit in half a cycle as a steady current. It is equal to 63.7% of the peak value.

Uploaded by

Sri Dharshan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Alternating Current Class 12

Notes Chapter 7
1. Alternating Current (AC) It is the current which
varies in both magnitude as well as direction
alternatively and periodically.
I = I0 sin ωt or I = I0 cosωt where, I0 = peak value or
maximum value of AC.
2. Effective Value or rms Value of AC It is defined as
the value of AC over a complete cycle which would
generate same amount of heat in a given resistors that
is generated by steady current in the same resistor and
in the same time during a complete cycle.

The 70.7% of peak value of current gives effective or


rms value of AC.
3. Average or Mean Value of AC It is defined as the
value of AC which would send same amount of charge
through a circuit in half-cycle that is sent by steady
current in the same time.
The 63.7% of peak value of AC gives average or mean
value of AC.
NOTE: In a complete cycle of AC, the mean value of
AC will be zero.
4. Alternating emf or Voltage It is the emf which
varies in both magnitude as well as direction
alternatively and periodically. The instantaneous
alternating emf is given by

Both AC voltage and AC current are represented by


diagrams as shown below:

5. Inductive Reactance (XL) The opposing nature of


inductor to the flow of current is called Inductive
reactance.
6. Capacitive Reactance (Xc) The opposing nature of
capacitor to the flow of alternating current is called
capacitive reactance.

7. Power In an AC circuit, both emf and current change


continuously w.r.t. time, so in circuit, we have to
calculate average power in complete cycle (0 –> T).

8. Average power consumption in pure inductive and


pure capacitive circuit is equal to zero because
9. Wattless Current The current in an AC circuit when
average power consumption in AC circuit is zero, is
referred as wattless current or idle current

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