1.

2
1.2Square
SquareRoots
Rootsand
andCube
Cube
Roots
Roots
Square Roots

0 x 0 = 02 = 0 ⟹ 0= 0×0= 0! = 0
5 x 5 = 52 = 25
squared 1 x 1 = 12 = 1 ⟹ 1= 1×1= 1! = 1

2 x 2 = 22 = 4 ⟹ 4= 2×2= 2! = 2

5 25 3 x 3 = 32 = 9 ⟹ 9= 3×3= 3! = 3

4 x 4 = 42 = 16 ⟹ 16 = 4 × 4 = 4! = 4

5 x 5 = 52 = 25 ⟹ 25 = 5 × 5 = 5! = 5
Square root
25= 5 × 5= 5! = 5 6 x 6 = 62 = 36 ⟹ 36 = 6 × 6 = 6! = 6

Perfect squares
Worked Example 4

Find 324 by using prime factorization.

2 324
2 162
324 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3
3 81
= 22 x 32 x 32
3 27
∴ 324 = 2! ×3! ×3!
3 9
3 3 =2x3x3
1 = 18
Practise Now 4

1. Find 784 by using prime factorization.

2. Given that the prime factorization of 7056 is 24 x 32 x 72,

find 7056 without using a calculator.
Practise Now 4 - Solution

1. Find 784 by using prime factorization.

2 784
2 392
784 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 x 7
2 196
= 22 x 22 x 72
2 98
∴ 784 = 2! ×2! ×7!
7 49
7 7 =2x2x7
1 = 28
Practise Now 4 - Solution

2. Given that the prime factorization of 7056 is 24 x 32 x 72,

find 7056 without using a calculator.

7056 = 24 x 32 x 72

∴ 7056 = 24 x 32 x 72

= 22 x 3 x 7

= 84
Homework

Do Exercise 1A Questions 3(a) to (b), 4

in page 14 of your textbook.

Do it in an exercise book.

Take a photo of your solution.

Whatsapp the photo to me on 012-3038817.

Cube Roots

! ! !
0 x 0 x 0 = 03 = 0 ⟹ 0 = 0×0×0 = 0" = 0
5 x 5 x 5 = 53 = 125
! ! !
cubed 1 x 1 x 1 = 13 = 1 ⟹ 1 = 1×1×1 = 1" = 1

! ! !
2 x 2 x 2 = 23 = 8 ⟹ 8 = 2×2×2 = 2" = 2
! ! !
5 125 3 x 3 x 3 = 33 = 27 ⟹ 27 = 3×3×3 = 3" = 3
! ! !
4 x 4 x 4 = 43 = 64 ⟹ 64 = 4×4×4 = 4" = 4
! ! !
5 x 5 x 5 = 53 = 125 ⟹ 125 = 5×5×5 = 5" = 5
cube root
! ! !
! !
125 = 5 ×5 × 5 =
!
5" =5 6 x 6 x 6 = 63 = 216 ⟹ 216 = 6×6×6 = 6" = 6

Perfect cubes
Worked Example 5

!
Find 216 by using prime factorization.
2 216
2 108
216 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3
2 54
= 23 x 33
3 27
! !
∴ 216 = 23 x 33
3 9
3 3 =2x3
1 =6
Practise Now 5

!
1. Find 2744 by using prime factorization.

2. Given that the prime factorization of 9261 is 33 x 73,

!
find 9261 without using a calculator.
Practise Now 5 - Solution

!
1. Find 2744 by using prime factorization.
2 2744
2 1372
2744 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 x 7 x 7
2 686
= 23 x 73
7 343
! !
∴ 2744 = 23 x 73
7 49
7 7 =2x7
1 = 14
Practise Now 5 - Solution

2. Given that the prime factorization of 9261 is 33 x 73,

!
find 9261 without using a calculator.

9261 = 33 x 73

! !
∴ 9261= 33 x 73

=3x7

= 21
Homework

Do Exercise 1A Questions 3(c) to (d), 5

in page 14 of your textbook.

Do it in an exercise book.

Take a photo of your solution.

Whatsapp the photo to me on 012-3038817.

Mental Estimation

If a number is not a perfect square, you cannot find the square root
without the use of a calculator.

If a number is not a perfect cube, you cannot find the cube root
without the use of a calculator.

You can however estimate the answer mentally without the use of
a calculator. But the answer is not exact.
Worked Example 6

Estimate the value of 50.

50 = 2 x 5 x 5 = 2 x 52 ----- this is not a perfect square!

Let 50 ≈ 49 = 7+ = 7

Using calculator, 50 = 7.07

The estimated value is quite close to the actual value.

Worked Example 6

!
Estimate the value of 63.

63 = 3 x 3 x 7 = 32 x 7 ----- this is not a perfect cube!

! ! !
Let 63 ≈ 64 = 43 = 4
!
Using calculator, 63 = 3.98

The estimated value is quite close to the actual value.

Practise Now 6

!
Estimate the values of 123 and 123.
Practise Now 6 - Solution

Estimate the values of 123.

123 = 3 x 41 = ----- this is not a perfect square!

Let 123 ≈ 121 = 11+ = 11

Using calculator, 123 = 11.09

The estimated value is quite close to the actual value.

Practise Now 6 - Solution

!
Estimate the values of 123.

123 = 3 x 41 ----- this is not a perfect cube!

! ! !
Let 123 ≈ 125 = 53 = 5
!
Using calculator, 123 = 4.97

The estimated value is quite close to the actual value.

Homework

Do Exercise 1A Questions 6(a) to (d)

in page 15 of your textbook.

Do it in an exercise book.

Take a photo of your solution.

Whatsapp the photo to me on 012-3038817.

Use of Calculator
Use of Calculator

! "
cube root key xth root key

square root key 𝑥 # power key

x3 cube key

x2 square key
Worked Example 7

," - ./
Use a calculator to evaluate ! , leaving your answer correct
0! 1 23
to 4 decimal places. (Answer: 0.2096 to 4 d.p.)

(," - ./)
Attention: Remember to use brackets: !
(0! 1 23)

+ 3 !
⇒ (8 + 50) ÷ (7 − 63)
!
Without brackets: 8+ + 50 ÷ 73 − 63 will give the wrong
answer
 Worked Example 7

Right answer
Wrong answer
 Worked Example 7

Method A Method B
Practise Now 7

1. Use a calculator to evaluate each of the following, leaving

your answer correct to 4 decimal places where necessary.
+ 3 3" × +/
(a) 23 + 2025 − 7 (b) !
.! 1 +/63

Answer: (a) 231 (b) 0.3582

2. The area of a square poster is 987 cm2. Find the perimeter of

the poster, leaving your answer to 1 decimal place.

Answer: 125.7
Practise Now 7 - Solution

2. The area of a square poster is 987 cm2. Find the perimeter of

the poster, leaving your answer to 1 decimal place.

z cm Area = z x z = z2 = 987
∴ z = 987 = 31.416

Area = 987 cm2 z cm Perimeter = z + z + z + z

=4z
= 4 x 31.416
= 125.7 to 1 d.p.
Homework

Do Exercise 1A Questions 7(a) to (c), 8-9

in page 15 of your textbook.

Do it in an exercise book.

Take a photo of your solution.

Whatsapp the photo to me on 012-3038817.

Finding Big Prime Numbers

To find big prime numbers, the method used is called Trial Division.

Method:
1. Find the square root of the number.
2. List down all prime numbers less than or equal to the value found.
3. Test for prime by dividing the number with all these prime numbers.
Finding Big Prime Numbers
Worked Example 8
Is 997 a prime number?

Step 1: 997 = 31.6

∴ largest prime number less than or equal to 997 = 31

Step 2: List down all prime numbers less than or equal to 31.
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31

Step 3: Use calculator to check whether 997 is divisible by any of

these 11 prime numbers.
Since 997 is not divisible by any of these prime numbers,
∴ 997 is a prime number.
Practise Now 8

Are 2013 and 2017 prime numbers?

Practise Now 8 - Solution

Are 2013 and 2017 prime numbers?

Is 2013 a prime number?

Step 1: 2013 = 44.9

∴ largest prime number less than or equal to 2013 = 43
Step 2: List down all prime numbers less than or equal to 31.
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43
Step 3: Use calculator to check whether 2013 is divisible by any of
these 14 prime numbers.
Since 2013 is divisible by 3,
∴ 2013 is a not prime number.
Practise Now 8

Are 2013 and 2017 prime numbers?

Is 2017 a prime number?

Step 1: 2017 = 44.9

∴ largest prime number less than or equal to 2017 = 43
Step 2: List down all prime numbers less than or equal to 31.
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43
Step 3: Use calculator to check whether 2017 is divisible by any of
these 14 prime numbers.
Since 2017 is not divisible by any of these prime numbers,
∴ 2017 is a prime number.
Homework

Do Exercise 1A Questions 10(a) to (d)

in page 15 of your textbook.

Do it in an exercise book.

Take a photo of your solution.

Whatsapp the photo to me on 012-3038817.