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Black and Red Tech Programming Presentation

The document discusses programming languages and the programming process. It explains that computers only understand machine language, so programming languages were created to make it easier for humans to write programs. It then describes the typical steps to convert a program written in a programming language like C into machine language that a computer can execute: writing and editing the program code, compiling the code, linking object modules together, and executing the final program.

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sasi
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48 views9 pages

Black and Red Tech Programming Presentation

The document discusses programming languages and the programming process. It explains that computers only understand machine language, so programming languages were created to make it easier for humans to write programs. It then describes the typical steps to convert a program written in a programming language like C into machine language that a computer can execute: writing and editing the program code, compiling the code, linking object modules together, and executing the final program.

Uploaded by

sasi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROGRAMMING

LANGUAGE
THE PROGRAMMING PROCESS

COMPUTERS DO NOT UNDERSTAND HUMAN LANGUAGES. IN FACT, AT THE


LOWEST LEVEL, COMPUTERS ONLY UNDERSTAND SEQUENCES OF NUMBERS
THAT REPRESENT OPERATIONAL CODES (OP CODES FOR SHORT). ON THE
OTHER HAND, IT WOULD BE VERY DIFFICULT FOR HUMANS TO WRITE
PROGRAMS IN TERMS OF OP CODES. THEREFORE, PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES WERE INVENTED TO MAKE IT EASIER FOR HUMANS TO WRITE
COMPUTER PROGRAMS.

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES ARE FOR HUMANS TO


READ AND UNDERSTAND. THE PROGRAM (SOURCE CODE) MUST
BE TRANSLATED INTO MACHINE LANGUAGE SO THAT THE
COMPUTER CAN EXECUTE THE PROGRAM (AS THE COMPUTER
ONLY UNDERSTANDS MACHINE LANGUAGE). THE WAY THAT THIS
TRANSLATION OCCURS DEPENDS ON WHETHER THE
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE IS A COMPILED LANGUAGE OR AN
INTERPRETED LANGUAGE.
PROCESS OF CREATING AND RUNNING PROGRAMS
1. A PROGRAM CONTAINS A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS WHICH WAS WRITTEN
IN A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE.
2.THE PROGRAMMER’S JOB IS TO WRITE AND TEST THE PROGRAM.
3.THE 4 STEPS TO CONVERT A ‘C’ PROGRAM INTO MACHINE LANGUAGE
ARE:
WRITING AND EDITING THE PROGRAM
COMPILING THE PROGRAM
LINKING THE PROGRAM
EXECUTING THE PROGRAM
WRITING AND EDITING THE PROGRAM

‘TEXT EDITORS’ ARE USED TO WRITE PROGRAMS.


WITH THE HELP OF TEXT EDITORS, USERS CAN ENTER, CHANGE AND
STORE CHARACTER DATA.
ALL SPECIAL TEXT EDITORS ARE OFTEN INCLUDED WITH A COMPILER.
AFTER WRITING THE PROGRAM, THE FILE IS SAVED TO DISK.
IT IS KNOWN AS ‘SOURCE FILE’.
THIS FILE IS INPUT TO THE COMPILER.
COMPILING THE PROGRAM
“COMPILER” IS A SOFTWARE THAT TRANSLATES THE SOURCE PROGRAM
INTO MACHINE LANGUAGE.
THE ‘C’ COMPILER IS DIVIDED INTO TWO SEPARATE PROGRAMS.
1. PREPROCESSOR
2.TRANSLATOR
LET US FIRST SEE ABOUT PREPROCESSOR −
PREPROCESSOR
PREPROCESSOR READS THE SOURCE CODE AND THEN PREPARES IT
FOR TRANSLATOR.
PREPROCESSOR COMMANDS START WITH ‘#’ SYMBOL.
THEY TELL THE PREPROCESSOR TO LOOK FOR SPECIAL CODE
LIBRARIES AND MAKE SUBSTITUTIONS.
THE RESULT OF PREPROCESSING IS KNOWN AS ‘TRANSLATION’ UNIT.
TRANSLATOR
TRANSLATOR’S WORK IS TO CONVERT THE PROGRAM INTO
MACHINE LANGUAGE.
IT READS THE TRANSLATION UNIT AND RESULTS IN ‘OBJECT MODULE’.
BUT IT IS NOT COMPLETELY EXECUTABLE FILE BECAUSE IT DOES NOT
HAVE THE ‘C’ AND OTHER FUNCTIONS INCLUDED.
LINKING PROGRAMS
‘LINKER’ ASSEMBLES I/O FUNCTIONS, SOME LIBRARY FUNCTIONS
AND THE FUNCTIONS THAT ARE PART OF SOURCE PROGRAM
INTO FINAL EXECUTABLE PROGRAM.
EXECUTING PROGRAMS
‘LOADER’ IS THE SOFTWARE THAT IS READY FOR PROGRAM
EXECUTION INTO THE MEMORY.
IN THE PROCESS OF EXECUTION, THE PROGRAM READS THE DATA
FROM THE USER, PROCESSES THE DATA AND PREPARES THE
OUTPUT.

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