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Brezilian Table

This document is the third edition of the book "Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine - Composition of Feedstuffs and Nutritional Requirements". It was edited by Horacio Santiago Rostagno and translated to English. The book contains nutritional composition data for common feed ingredients used in Brazil and nutritional requirement recommendations for poultry and swine production, based on research conducted primarily at the Federal University of Viçosa. The third edition updates the data and requirements from new research incorporating over 70 theses completed since the second edition. The book aims to provide locally relevant feed formulation information to improve animal production in Brazil.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
321 views251 pages

Brezilian Table

This document is the third edition of the book "Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine - Composition of Feedstuffs and Nutritional Requirements". It was edited by Horacio Santiago Rostagno and translated to English. The book contains nutritional composition data for common feed ingredients used in Brazil and nutritional requirement recommendations for poultry and swine production, based on research conducted primarily at the Federal University of Viçosa. The third edition updates the data and requirements from new research incorporating over 70 theses completed since the second edition. The book aims to provide locally relevant feed formulation information to improve animal production in Brazil.

Uploaded by

amamùra maamar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Composition of Feedstuffs and Nutritional Requirements

3rd edition

Editor : Horacio Sa ntiago Rostagno

Au th or s: Horaci o San ti ago Rostag no


Luiz Fernando Te ixeira Albin o
Juarez Lopes Don zele
Paulo Ceza r Gomes
Rita Flávia de Oliveira
Darci Clementino Lopes
Al oi zio Soares Fer reira
Sergio Luiz de Toledo Barreto
Ricardo Frede rico Euclides

Translate d b y
Dr. Bettina Gertum Becker, DVM, Ph.D in Animal Science

Universid ade Federa l de Viçosa-De partamento de Zootecni a


2011
2 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

The book Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine - Composition of


Feedstuffs and Nutrition al Requirements was written by the following
professors of the Animal Science Department, School of Agriculture
Sciences of the Federal University of Viçosa: Horacio Santiago
Rostagno, Ph D., Full Professor in Monogastric Nutrition; Luiz Fernando
Teixeira Albino, D.S., Full Professor in Poultry Nutrition and Production;
Juarez Lopes Donzelle, D.S., Full Professor in Animal Nutrition; Paulo
Cezar Gomes, D.S., Associate Professor in Monogastric Nutrition and
Production; Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira, D.S., Associate Professor in
Animal Bioclimatology; Darci Clementino Lopes, D.S., Associate
Professor in Monogastric Nutrition; Aloízio Soares Ferreira, D.S., Full
Professor in Monogastric Nutrition; Sergio Luiz de Toledo Barreto, D.S.,
Associate Professor in Monogastric Nutrition; Ricardo Frederico
Euclides, D.S., Associate Professor in Genetic Improvement.

3rd EDITION

Editoring
Edson Agostinho Pereira

Catalog fi le prepare d by Catalogation Section and Cla ssifi cation of


the Central Library o f UFV

Brazilian tables for poultry and swine : composition of


B827 feedstuffs and nutritional requirements / editor : Horacio
2011 Santiago Rostagno; translated by Bettina Gertum Becker.
3. ed. – Viçosa, MG: UFV, DZO, 2011.
251p. : il ; 23cm.

Referências bibliográficas: p. 233-251.

1. Ave - Alimentação e rações. 2. Suíno - Alimentação e


rações. 3. Nutrição animal. I. Rostagno, Horacio Santiago.
II. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Departamento de
Zootecnia.

CDD 22. ed. 636.085


Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 3

ACK NOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank all institutions and people that allowed
the elaboration of these tables.
Since it is not possible to mention all the institutions
involved, we would like to mention in particular:
FAPEMIG (Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de
Minas Gerais) for the scholarships and financial support of
research projects.
CAPES and CNPq, for the scholarships granted to students
and researchers.
Many professors and students of the graduate courses of
the Animal Sciences Department of the Federal University of
Viçosa contributed with valuable studies and suggestions. In order
to update the 2nd edition, information generated up to February,
2011 by 73 theses on poultry and swine nutrition, including by 41
M.Sc. and 32 Ph.D, in addition to scientific papers published in the
main Brazilian journals, all of which are listed in the references, in
Chapter 5.
We also especially thank the companies Ajinomoto, Evonik
and Adisseo for performing a large number of amino acid analyses
of feedstuffs and digesta of the poultry and swine experiments. We
also thank the company AB Vista for the phosphorus and phytate
analysis
We in would
Brazilian
likefeedstuffs.
to acknowledge the invaluable contribution of
all technicians and university employees involved in the
development of these tables.
4 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

SUPPORTING COMMITTEE

Carla Rodrigues da Silva


Claudson Oliveira Brito
Elcer Z. Jerez
Fernando de Castro Tavernari
Gabriel Borges S. Pessoa
Jorge Armando Prada Luengas
Leandro Alebrante
Leandro Moreira Silva
Renata de Sousa Reis
Rodolfo Alves Vieira
Rodrigo Knop G. Messias
Rosana Cardoso Maia
Sandra Carolina Salguero Cruz
Thony Assis Carvalho
Valdir Ribeiro Junior
Wagner Aziz G. de Araújo
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 5

PRESENTATION

Brazil is one of the world’s largest poultry and swine


producer, and consequently, of compound feeds as well.
The general level of technology used in the Brazilian poultry
and swine industries is generally high, especially in the feed
industry. However, feed formulation technology previously used
information on feedstuff composition and nutritional requirements
determined mainly in the United States and in Europe. The tables
used for feed calculation, both in companies and in research
institutions, were published abroad, or published in Brazil, but
using data generated abroad.
It is indubitable that the use of foreign tables promoted the
adoption of cutting-edge technology, allowing the development
observed in the Brazilian industry today. However, in many
aspects, those tables cannot be fully applied to Brazilian
circumstances.
The Department of Animal Science of the Federal
University of Viçosa has performed experiments and research
studied aiming at developing a table of feedstuff composition and
nutritional requirements of poultry and swine using data generated
in Brazil. This resulted in the publication of the first BRAZILIAN
TABLES OF FEEDSTUFF COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL
REQUIREMENTS in 1983, and subsequently the 1 st edition of the
Brazilian Tables in 2000, and the 2 nd edition in 2005. The studies
carried out since 2005 allowed the update of that information, with
the consequent publication of the 3 rd edition.
Most of the data presented here were already published in
scientific journals, M. Sc. and Ph. D. Theses, as well as in the
proceedings of scientific meetings and congresses.
Most papers can be retrieved in Revista Brasileira de
Zootecnia, in the proceedings of the meetings of the Brazilian
Society of Animal Science, and in the proceedings of APINCO
Foundation of Poultry Science and Technology, as well as in other
media.
6 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

To prepare the Brazilian Tables of Feedstuff Composition,


thousands of ingredients produced in Brazil were analyzed.
Specifically, for the determination of energy values, tens of trials
with animals and numerous chemical analyses were carried out.
The determination of nutritional requirements involved the
performance of many biological assays with broilers, layers, and
swine in different production stages and under different
environmental and temperature conditions.
The data
conditions, obtained
involving were testedof
the observation under stringent experimental
commercial-size groups of
animals. Least cost feeds were calculated using feedstuff
nutritional values and nutritional requirements determined in our
university, and compared to feeds which calculation was based on
international tables.
The new information published here will allow the Brazilian
animal scientists to formulate more cost-effective feeds for poultry
and swine.
The aim of the authors was to contribute for the
improvement of animal production in Brazil. Nevertheless,
although these tables make important contributions to the
achievement of the objective, further development is needed.
More experiments and the collaboration of researchers,
technicians, and producers will allow further improvement of the
information presented in this book.

The authors
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 7

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1.
Composition of Feedstuffs and Vitamin and Mineral
Supplements............................................................................. 21

CHAPTER 2.

Nutritional
Nutritional Requirements
Requirements of
of Poultry...........................................
Broiler Chickens............................ 95
103
Nutritional Requirements of Replacement Pullets and Layers.. 123
Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Breeders............................ 141
Nutritional Requirements of Japanese Quails .......................... 155

CHAPTER 3.
Nutritional Requirements of Swine ........................................... 165
Nutritional Requirements of Growing Swine …………………… 173
Nutritional Requirements of Swine Breeders …….................... 199

CHAPTER 4.
Simplified Tables of Feedstuff Composition and Nutritional
Requirements of Poultry and Swine ......................................... 217

CHAPTER 5.
References
UFV Dissertations and Theses.................................................. 225
Other References ..................................................................... 245
8 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 9

LIST OF TAB LES

CHAPTER 1. COMPOSITION OF FEEDSTUFFS AND OF VITAMIN


AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS

Table 1.01 Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)………… 29
Table 1.02 Equations to Estimate the Metabolizable Energy of
Feedstuffs for Young and Mature Poultry................ 48
Table 1.03 Equations to Estimate the Energy Values of
Feedstuffs for Swine in General.............................. 49
Table 1.04 Equations to Estimate the Energy Values of
Feedstuffs for Sows and Mature Pigs ……………. 50
Table 1.05 Equation to Estimate Metabolizable Energy Lost
(MEL) for Poultry as a Function of Corn
Grading/Type........................................................... 51
Table 1.06 Fatty Acid Profile of Fats and Oils (% as fed)………… 52
Table 1.07 Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of
Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)………… 53
Table 1.08 Composition, Digestibility, and Energy Values of
Crystalline Amino Acids for Poultry (on Dry Matter
Basis)………………………………………………….. 69
Table 1.09 Composition, Digestibility, and Energy Values of
Crystalline Amino Acids for Swine (on Dry Matter
Basis)………………………………………………….. 70
Table 1.10 Equation to Estimate Corn and Sorghum Amino
Acid Content as Function of Crude Protein……….. 71
Table 1.11 Equation to Estimate Soybean Amino Acid
Content as Function of Crude Protein……………… 72
Table 1.12 Equation to Estimate Amino Acid Content as a
Function of Crude Protein, Fat and Ash in Meat
and Bone Meal……………………………………….. 73
10 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.13 Calcium and Phosphorus (Total, Phytic, Available,


and True Digestible) Content of Feedstuffs for Poultry
and Swine (as Fed)…………………………………….. 74
Table 1.14 Mineral Sources for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)…. 77
Table 1.15 Mineral Content of Brazilian Phosphates (as fed)… 78
Table 1.16 Trace Mineral Content in Feedstuffs(as Fed)……….. 79
Table 1.17 Sources of Trace Minerals Used to Supplement
Poultry and Swine Diets.......................................... 81
Table 1.18 Vitamin and Trace Mineral Supplementation
Levels in Broiler Diets (Amount / kg Diet)................ 82
Table 1.19 Vitamin and Trace Mineral Supplementation
Levels in the Diets of Replacement Pullets, Layers
and Breeders (Amount/kg Diet)…………………… 83
Table 1.20 Mineral Supplement for Poultry Diets...................... 84
Table 1.21 Vitamin and Trace Mineral Supplementation
Levels in Swine Diets (Amount/kg Diet)………….. 85
Table 1.22 Trace Mineral Supplements for Swine…………….. 86
Table 1.23 Practical (Pr) and Maximum (Max) Inclusion
Levels of Feedstuffs in Broiler and Layer Diets
(Percentage in the Diet)........................................... 87
Table 1.24 Practical (Pr) and Maximum (Max) Inclusion
Levels of Feedstuffs for Growing Pigs and Sows
(Percentage in the Diet)…………………………….. 89
Table 1.25 Variation in Nutrient Content of Primary Feedstuffs –
Crude Protein, Calcium and Phosphorus – Data from
the Brazilian Tables, 2005(as fed)................................ 92
Table 1.26 Variation in Nutrient Content of Primary Feedstuffs –
Lysine, Methionine + Cystine and Threonine –
Data from the Brazilian Tables, 2005 (as fed)...............93
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 11

CHAPTER 2. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF POULTRY

Table 2.01 Methodology Used to Obtain the Equation that


Calculates the Amount of True Digestible Lysine /
kg Weight Gain of Male Broilers……………………. 105
Table 2.02 Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine
(Dig. Lys) Requirements for Male Broilers ……….. 106
Table 2.03 Methodology Used to Obtain the Equation that
Calculates the Amount
kg Weight Gain of True
of Female Digestible Lysine /
Broilers…………………. 107
Table 2.04 Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine
(Dig. Lys) Requirements for Female Broilers……… 108
Table 2.05 Digestible Lysine Requirement of Broiler Males with
StandardPerformanceUsingthe Equationon Table2.02. 109
Table 2.06 Digestible LysineRequirementof Broiler Maleswith High
PerformanceUsingthe Equationon Table2.02…………. 110
Table 2.07 Digestible Lysine Requirement of Broiler Females with
StandardPerformanceUsingthe Equationon Table2.04. 111
Table 2.08 Digestible Lysine Requirement of Broiler Males with
High Performance Using the Equation on Table
2.04………............................................................... 112

Table 2.09 Equations


(Pav) and UsedDigestible
to Estimate Available
PhosphorusPhosphorus
(Pdig)
Requirements and Calcium:Phosphorus Ratio for
Male and Female Broilers…………………………… 113
Table 2.10 Nutritional Requirements of Available Phosphorus,
True Digestible Phosphorus of Standard and High
Performance Males and Females Broilers Using
the Equations on Table 2.09………………………… 114
Table 2.11 Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate
Amino Acid Requirements of Broilers……………… 115
Table 2.12 Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Males with
Below Average Performance……………………….. 116
12 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.13 Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Males with


Standard Performance……………………. 117
Table 2.14 Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Males with
High Performance……………………………………. 118
Table 2.15 Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Females with
Below Average Performance……………………….. 119
Table 2.16 Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Females with
Standard Performance………………………………. 120
Table 2.17 Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Females with
High Performance……………………………………. 121
Table 2.18 Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate
Amino Acid Requirements of White-Egg and
Brown-Egg Replacement Pullets…………………… 125
Table 2.19 Nutritional Requirements of White-Egg
Replacement Pullets as a Function of Dietary
Energy Level………………………………………….. 126
Table2.20 NutritionalRequirementsof Brown-Egg Replacement
Pullets as a Functionof Dietary Energy Level ………. 127
Table 2.21 Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine
Requirement of White-Egg and Brown-Egg Layers
in g/bird/day and in %.............................................. 128
Table 2.22 Equation Used to Estimate MetabolizableEnergy
(ME) of White-Egg and Brown-Egg Layers in 129
kcal/bird/day
Table 2.23 True Digestible Lysine Requirements (Dig. Lys) of
White-EggLayers as a Function of Productivity……… 130
Table 2.24 True Digestible Lysine Requirements (Dig. Lys) of
Brown-EggLayers as a Functionof Productivity…….. 131
Table 2.25 Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate Amino
Acids Requirements of White-Egg and Brown-Egg
Layers……………………………………………………. 132
Table 2.26 Nutritional Requirements of White-Egg Layers
(g/bird/day)……………………………………………. 133
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 13

Table 2.27 Nutritional Requirements of Brown-Egg Layers


(g/bird/day)……………………………………………. 134
Table 2.28 Energy Requirements(kcal/bird/day)and Feed Intake
(g/bird/day)of White-Egg andBrown-EggLayers…… 135
Table 2.29 Nutritional Requirements (%) of White-Egg Layers
as a Function of Productivity, Metabolizable
Energy and Feed Intake…………………………….. 136

Table 2.30 Nutritional


as Requirements
a Function (%) of White-Egg
of Productivity, Layers
Metabolizable
Energy and Feed Intake Under Different 137
Temperatures………………………
Table 2.31 Nutritional Requirements Brown-Egg Layers as a
Function of Productivity, Metabolizable Energy and
Feed Intake…………………………………………… 138
Table 2.32 Nutritional Requirements (%) of Brown-Egg Layers
as a Function of Productivity, Metabolizable
Energy and Feed Intake, Under Different
Temperatures (High, Average and Low)................. 139
Table 2.33 Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate
Amino Acid Requirements of Replacement Broiler
Breeder Pullets………………………………………….. 143
Table 2.34 Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Breeder Pullets
as a Function of Dietary Energy Level……………... 144
Table 2.35 Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine
Requirement of Broiler Breeders Hens in
g/bird/day and in %.................................................. 145
Table 2.36 Equation Used to Estimate Metabolizable Energy
(ME) Requirement of Broiler Breeder Hens in
kcal/bird/day…………………………………………... 146
Table 2.37 True Digestible Lysine (Dig. Lys) Requirements of
Broiler Breeders Hens as a Function of Productivity. 147
Table 2.38 Amino Acid / Lysine Ratio Used to Estimate Amino
Acid Requirements of Broiler Breeders………………… 148
14 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.39 Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Breeders


Hens(g/bird/day)……………………………………… 149
Table 2.40 Energy Requirements (kcal ME/bird/day) and Feed
Intake (g/bird/day) of Broiler Breeders Hens……… 150
Table 2.41 Nutritional Requirements (%) of Broiler Breeders
Hens as a Function of Productivity, Metabolizable
Energy and Feed Intake………………………………. 151
Table 2.42 NutritionalRequirements(%) of Broiler Beeders Hens
as a Function of Productivity, Metabolizable Energy
and Feed Intake, Under Different Temperatures
(High, Average and Low)………………………………. 152
Table 2.43 Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Breeder
Cockerels as a Function of Metabolizable Energy
and Feed Intake (kcal/day or %)……………………. 153
Table 2.44 Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate
Amino Acid Requirements of Japanese Quails for
the Grower and Developer Phases………………... 157
Table 2.45 Nutritional Requirementsof Japanese Quails for The
Grower and Developer Phases………………………. 158
Table 2.46 Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine
Requirement of Laying Japanese Quails in
g/bird/day and in %.................................................. 159
Table 2.47 Equation Used to Estimate Metabolizable Energy
(ME) Requirement of Laying Japanese Quails in
kcal/bird/day and in %............................................. 160
Table 2.48 True Digestible Lysine (Dig. Lys) Requirements of
Laying JapaneseQuails as a Functionof Productivity. 161
Table 2.49 Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate Amino
Acid Requirements of Laying Japanese Quails……….. 162
Table 2.50 Nutritional Requirements of Laying Japanese
Quails (g/bird/day)……………………………………. 163
Table 2.51 Nutritional Requirements (%) of Laying Japanese
Quails as a Function of Productivityand Feed Intake. 164
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 15

CHAPTER 3. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF SWINE

Table 3.01 Methodology Used to Obtain the Equation that


Calculates the Amount of True Digestible Lysine / kg
Weight Gain of Barrows with High Genetic Potential.. 174
Table 3.02 Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine
(Dig. Lys) Requirements of Barrows with High
Genetic Potential……………………………………... 175
Table 3.03 Methodology Used to Obtain the Equation that
Calculates the Amount of True Digestible Lysine /
kg Weight Gain of Gilts with High GeneticPotential…. 176
Table 3.04 Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine
(Dig. Lys) Requirements for Gilts with High 177
Genetic Potential
Table 3.05 Methodology Used to Obtain the Equation that
Calculates the Amount of True Digestible Lysine /
kg Weight Gain of Entire Males with High Genetic
Potential………………………………………………….. 178
Table 3.06 Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine
(Dig. Lys) Requirements for Entire Males of High179
Genetic Potential…
Table 3.07 Digestible Lysine Requirements of Barrows of High
Genetic Potential with Standard Performance Using
the Equation on Table 3.02…………………………….. 180
Table 3.08 Digestible Lysine Requirements of Barrows of High
Genetic Potential with High Performance Using the
Equation on Table 3.02…………………………………. 181
Table 3.09 Digestible Lysine Requirements of Gilts of High
Genetic Potential with Standard Performance
Using the Equation on Table 3.04………………….. 182
Table 3.10 Digestible Lysine Requirements of Gilts of High
Genetic Potential with High Performance Using the
Equation on Table 3.04……………………………… 183
16 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.11 Digestible Lysine Requirements of Entire Males of


High Genetic Potential with Standard Performance
Using the Equation on Table 3.06………………….. 184
Table 3.12 Equations Used to Estimate Available Phosphorus
(Pav) and Digestible Phosphorus (Pdig)
Requirements and Calcium:Phosphorus Ratio for
Growing Pigs with High Genetic Potential……………. 185
Table 3.13 Nutritional Requirements of Available Phosphorus,
True Digestible Phosphorus, and Calcium of High
Genetic Potential Barrows Using the Equation on
Table 3.12……………………………… 186
Table 3.14 Nutritional Requirements of Available Phosphorus,
True Digestible Phosphorus, and Calcium of High
Genetic Potential Gilts and Entire Males Using the
Equation on Table 3.12……………………………… 187
Table 3.15 Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate
Amino Acid Requirements of Growing Swine……… 188
Table 3.16 Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential
Piglets in the Pre-Starter Phase - Barrows, Gilts
and Entire Males……………………………………… 189
Table 3.17 Nutritional Requirements High Genetic Potential
Barrows with Below Average Performance…………… 190
Table 3.18 Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential
Barrows with Standard Performance………………. 191
Table 3.19 Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential
Barrows with High Performance………………………. 192
Table 3.20 Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential
Gilts with Below Average Performance……………. 193
Table 3.21 Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential
Gilts with Standard Performance…………………… 194
Table 3.22 Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential
Gilts with High Performance………………………… 195
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 17

Table 3.23 Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential


Entire Males with Standard Performance………….. 196
Changes in Performance and True Digestible
Table 3.24 Lysine Requirements of Growing Pigs Fed Diets 197
Containing Different Ractopamine Levels………….
Table 3.25 Example of Performance and Lysine and
Phosphorus Requirements of Barrows with 107
Kg, Average Weight, Fed Diets with Different
Ractopamine Levels…………………………………. 198
Table 3.26 Equation to Estimate Metabolizable Energy (ME)
Requirement and Feed Intake of Primiparous Gilts
and Sows (kcal/day or g/day)……………………….. 202
Table 3.27 Equation to Estimate True Digestible Lysine (Dig.
Lys) Requirement of Gestating Primiparous Gilts
and Sows (g/day)…………………………………….. 203
Table 3.28 Daily ME and Digestible Lysine Requirements and
Feed Intake of Gestating Primiparous Gilts and
Sows According to Body Weight, Weight Gain and
Reproductive Gain (No. of Piglets)…………………. 204
Table 3.29 Amino Acid / Lysine Ratio Used to Estimate Amino
Acid Requirements Gestating Swine Breeders…… 205

Table 3.30 Daily Nutritional


Breeders Requirements
(kcal/day of Gestating Swine
or g/day)………………………... 206
Table 3.31 Nutritional Requirements of Gestating Swine
Breeders (% of Diet)…………………………………. 207
Table 3.32 Equation to Estimate Metabolizable Energy (ME)
Requirement and Feed Intake of Lactating
Primiparous Gilts and Sows (kcal/day or g/day)….. 211
Table 3.33 Equation to Estimate True Digestible Lysine (Dig.
Lys) Requirement of Lactating Primiparous Gilts
and Sows (g/day)……………………………………. 212
18 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.34 Equation to Estimate Metabolizable Energy


(kcal/day) and Digestible Lysine (g/day and %) 213
Requirements and Intake (g/day) of Lactating
Sows (21 Days) as a Function of Performance……
Table 3.35 Amino Acid / Lysine Ratio Used to Estimate Amino
Acid Requirements of Lactating Swine Breeders…. 214
Table 3.36 Nutritional Requirements of Lactating Sows
(kcal/day or g/day)…………………………………… 215
Table 3.37 Nutritional Requirements of Lactating Sows (% of
Diet)…………………………………………………… 216

CHAPTER 4. SIMPLIFIED TABLES OF FEEDSTUFF


COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF
POULTRY AND SWINE

Table 4.01 Chemical Composition and Energy Values of the


Main Feedstuffs Used in Poultry and Swine (as
Fed)……………………………………………………. 219
Table 4.02 Nutritional Requirements of Standard Performance
Male and Female Broilers (%)………………………. 220
Table 4.03 Nutritional Requirements of Replacement Layer
Pullets, Quails, Layers, and Broiler Breeders…….. 221

Table 4.04 Nutritional


Barrows Requirements
with of High Genetic
Standard Performance Potential 222
(%) …………….
Table 4.05 Nutritional Requirements of Gestating and
Lactating Sows (%)………………………………….. 223

CHAPTER 5. REFERENCES

UFV Dissertations and Theses……………………………………… 227


Other Literature References………………………………………… 245
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 19

LIST OF GRAPHS

Graph 2.01 Equation Estimating the Value, in Grams, of


True Digestible Lysine / kg Weight Gain of Male
Broilers as a Function of Weight (0.040 to 3.305 105
kg)………….
Graph 2.02 Equation Estimating the Value, in Grams, of
True Digestible Lysine / kg Weight Gain of
Femeale
to Broilers as a Function of Weight (0.040 107
2.690 kg)……………
Graph 3.01 Equation Estimating the Value, in Grams, of
True Digestible Lysine/Kg Weight Gain of
Barrows as a Function of Weight (15 to 125 174
kg)…………………
Graph 3.02 Equation Estimating the Value, in Grams, of
True Digestible Lysine/Kg Weight Gain of Gilts
as a Function of Weight (15 to 95 175
Kg)…………………..
Graph 3.03 Equation Estimating the Value, in Grams, of
True Digestible Lysine/Kg Weight Gain of Entire
Males as a Function of Weight (15 to 95 176
Kg)……………………
20 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 21

CHAPTER 1

Composition of Fee dstuf fs and of Vita min and


Minera l Supplements
22 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 23

INTRODUCTION
Chemical analyses of the ingredients deserved special care.
Most of these analyses were carried out at the Animal Nutrition
Laboratory of the Department of Animal Sciences of the Federal
University of Viçosa (UFV).

* The following methodologies were adopted for the


determination of the chemical composition: dry matter content
(DM), sample dried in oven at 105 oC for 4 to 6 hours; crude
protein (CP), classic method of Kjedahl; ether extract (EE), hot
method, using “Goldfisch” extract, and petrol ether as solvent;
starch, using enzymatic method; crude fiber (CF), using the
method of Weende; neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid
detergent fiber (ADF), method of Van Soest; gross energy (GE),
“Parr” bomb calorimeter; ash, sample was incinerated at 600 oC
for 4 hours; minerals were determined by atomic absorption
spectrophotometer, except for sodium and potassium (flame
spectrophotometer), and phosphorus by colorimeter. In a limited
number of feedstuffs, minerals were also analyzed by the
plasma induction spectrophotometer of the Department of Soils
of UFV. A table with fatty-acid profile determined by
chromatography, of the most important oils and fats used in
animal feeds was included (Table 1.06).
* Potassium, sodium and chloride content in the feedstuffs were
included in Table 1.01 to allow the calculation of the electrolytic
balance of poultry and swine feeds.

* Metabolizable energy (ME) in feedstuffs for poultry was


determined using, in general, the method of total excreta
collection. However, the ME values of several feedstuffs were
also determined using chromium oxide or insoluble acid ash
(IAA) were used as fecal marker. The MEpoultry values presented
in Table 1.0 are values corrected for nitrogen retention and
were determined in broilers of different ages. Studies carried
24 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

out at UFV to evaluate the influence of bird age on feedstuff


energy values allowed us to conclude that mature birds
generally obtained higher ME values in vegetable feedstuffs as
compared to broilers. Using these experimental data it was
possible to estimate an ME increase in 0.3 kcal/g of non-
digested nitrogen-free extract + crude fiber (NDEF). NDEF was
calculated by subtracting digested nitrogen-free extract from
nitrogen-free extract and then adding crude fiber (NDEF = non-
digested
obtain twonitrogen-free
ME values extract + crude
for poultry. fiber).
Table 1.01This allowed
shows to
ME for
poultry in general (MEpoultry) and another for hens or mature
poultry (MEhens = MEpoultry + 0.3 NDEF).

* Energy values (digestible energy – DE swine – and metabolizable


energy – MEswine) and protein digestibility in feedstuffs for swine
were determined using metabolic cages, by the method of total
feces collection and ferric oxide as fecal marker. Growing pigs
between 20 and 75kg body weight were used. Table 1.01
shows the net energy of feedstuffs for swine. These values
were obtained applying the equation developed in France by
Dr. J. Noblet and it is described in Table 1.03. The increase in
feedstuff energy values for mature pigs as compared to growing
pigs was quantified by Dr. Noblet in the feedstuff composition
tables published in France in 1kcal/g of non-digested residue.
This value was used to correct DEswine, and the value of
0.75kcal/g to correct MEswine. Table 1.01 shows two DE
(DEswine and DEsows ) and two ME (ME swine and MEsows). Only
vegetable feedstuff values were corrected using non-digested
organic matter data (organic matter – digested organic matter)
presented in Table 1.01.

* Several digestibility trials were conducted with grower and


finisher pigs in order to determined digestibility coefficients of
fat, CF, NDF, and ADF in feedstuffs. Organic matter coefficient
of digestibility for swine was calculated as the ratio between
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 25

digestible energy and gross energy in the feedstuffs. Literature


data were used to estimate coefficients of digestibility of fat and
nitrogen-free extract of feedstuffs for poultry (Table 1.01).

* In order to allow the correction of feedstuff energy values


according to the variation in composition, equations were
developed to estimate metabolizable energy in feedstuffs for
poultry (Table 1.02) and to estimate digestible energy and
metabolizable
Composition data energy for swine of
and coefficients (Tables 1.03 ofand
digestibility the 1.04).
main
nutrients were used. In order to have data in the equations
similar to the energy values determined at UFV, the coefficients
of digestibility of fat (poultry and swine), nitrogen-free extract –
NFE – (poultry) and organic matter (swine) were slightly
changed. Feedstuffs which composition is different from those
presented in Table 1.01 will have different energy values.
These new values allow nutritionists of the feed industry to
correct and to adjust feedstuff composition matrixes.
* Table 1.07 shows total and true digestible amino acid content of
feedstuffs for poultry and swine. The methods to determine
amino acid content in feedstuffs and their true digestibility for
poultry and swine are expensive and time-consuming. However,
thanks
possibleto to
theobtain
companies Adisseo,
a large numberAjinomoto and that
of analyses Evonik, it was
otherwise
could not be carried out in the UFV.

* True digestible amino acid content of feedstuffs for poultry was


determined using two methodologies: the precision-feeding
method of Sibbald with cecectomized cockerels, and the ileal
digesta collection method with broilers (21-28 days of age).
Endogenous amino acid excretion was estimated in fasted
cecectomized cockerels (Sibbald) or feeding broilers with a
protein-free diet (Ileal). In swine, growing pigs with ileal-rectal
anastomosis or fitted with ileal re-entrant cannula were used.
Endogenous amino acids were estimated using a protein-free
26 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

diet. The coefficient of protein digestibility for poultry was


estimated by the ratio between true digestible amino acids and
total amino acids in the feedstuffs.

* Amino acid content in corn, sorghum, meat and bone meal, and
soybeans (grain and meal) were estimated by equations that
allow calculating the sum of amino acids in the feedstuffs.
Based on this sum and considering a constant ratio of each
amino
of eachacid to the
amino sum
acid of be
can amino acids inEquations
estimated. the protein,are
theuseful
content
to
make adjustments in amino acid values according to changes in
the feedstuff protein content (Tables 1.10, 1.11 and 1.12).

* In Brazil, most wheat mills produce only one by-product during


wheat processing, which is a mixture of bran and middlings.
Therefore, this is the product identified in Tables 1.01 and 1.07
as wheat bran.

* In vegetable feedstuffs, in addition to total phosphorus, phytate


phosphorus was also determined. The company AB Vista kindly
supplied the results of 205 phosphorus and phytate analyses for
Brazilian feedstuffs. In the laboratory of UFV, phytate content was
determined only in 10 corn samples and in 10 soybean meal
samples. Non-phytic phosphorus in vegetable feedstuffs was
considered equal to available phosphorus, that is, presenting
100% availability. Phosphorus content and bioavailability in
Brazilian phosphates are described in Table 1.15. Phosphorus
bioavailability in phosphates was determined by comparison with
a standard source, dicalcium phosphate, to which an availability
coefficient of 100% was attributed. This is why some phosphates
present available phosphorus content higher than 100%.

* Available phosphorus in animal feedstuffs was calculated based


on total phosphorus, considering 100% availability, except for
meat and bone meals, which studies have shown to be only
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 27

90% available. Phosphorus true digestibility was determined in


grower and finisher broilers and pigs in experiments carried out
at UFV and from literature. Phosphorus apparent digestibility in
the feedstuffs mentioned in literature was transformed in true
digestibility by correcting for excreted endogenous phosphorus,
the values used were 0.138mg P/kg DM intake for poultry and
0.258mg P/kg DM intake for pigs (Bünzen, S. PhD thesis, UFV,
2009). Available and digestible phosphorus contents and
coefficients are presented in Table 1.13.
* Foreign literature has reported that some phosphates may
present high levels of heavy metals. Table 1.14 shows
composition data of Brazilian phosphates, particularly of
important minerals, such as lead, cadmium, and vanadium.

* In this chapter, vitamin and trace mineral supplementation


levels for poultry and swine rations are also presented. Diets
with these supplementation levels (Tables 1.18 and 1.21)
should not cause any deficiency problems. Tables 1.20 and
1.22 show supplementation levels per kg of poultry and swine
feeds with the energy levels commonly used in Brazil. The
amount recommended for each trace mineral and vitamin
according to phase were calculated to maintain constant intake
per kg of weight gain, e.g. for broilers: Vit A, 12,000 IU; nicotinic
acid, 47 mg, and zinc, 100 mg/kg weight gain.

* In order to make the use of alternative feedstuffs easier, Tables


1.23 and 1.24 present their recommended inclusion levels in poultry
and swine diets, respectively. These are practical levels, that is, the
percentage commonly included in the diet, and maximum inclusion
levels that willnot negatively affect animal performance.

* Tables 1.25 and 1.26 show the standard deviations of nutrient


levels of the most important feedstuffs used in poultry and
swine feeds in Brazil. These deviations and coefficients of
28 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

variation can be used as correction factors in order to prevent


possible nutritional deficiencies due to variations in feedstuff
composition. However, it is recommended to perform chemical
analyses of the feedstuffs that will be used in feed formulation.

* A simplified table showing the nutrient content of the most


common feedstuffs used in poultry and swine feed formulation
is at the end of this publication (Table 4.01) providing a quick
reference guide of feedstuffs composition.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 29

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Bakery
Babassu Babassu Bakery Blood Cells
Nutrient Cookie-
Meal Starch Meal Residue Dried
Cracker Res
Dry Matter % 92.41 86.27 91.95 87.00 90.21
Crude Protein (CP) % 20.19 1.91 8.45 12.50 86.29
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % - - 81.30 90.00 90.00
Digestible CP Poultry % - - 6.87 11.25 77.66
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % - - 85.00 90.00 88.00
Digestible CP Swine % - - 7.18 11.00 75.93
Fat % 2.15 0.29 9.20 1.57 0.51
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % - - 96.00 - 85.00
Digestible Fat Poultry % - - 8.83 - 0.43
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % - - 90.00 - 85.00
Digestible Fat Swine % - - 8.28 - 0.43
Linoleic Acid % - - 1.60 - -
Linolenic Acid % - - - - -

Starch % - - 46.50 - -
Crude Fiber (CF) % 47.52 9.69 1.70 1.02 -
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - - - - -
NDF % 63.21 37.09 4.35 6.13 -
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - - - - -
ADF % 36.93 15.09 1.60 0.79 -
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % - 71.88 71.38 68.15 -
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % - - 98.00 - -
Digestible NFE Poultry % - - 69.95 - -
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % - - 3.13 - -
Organic Matter (OM) % - - 90.73 84.40 86.35
1
Coef. Dig. OM Swine% - - 79.50 - 84.00
Digestible OM Swine % - - 72.13 - 72.53
Non Dig. OM Swine % - - 18.60 - -

Ash % 4.06 2.50 1.50 2.56 3.86


Potassium % - - 0.17 - 0.30
Sodium % - - 0.19 - 0.60
Chlorine % - - 0.30 - 0.80

Gross Energy kcal/kg 4207 3687 4402 3926 4981


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 1116 1731 4010 3352 3385
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg - - 4019 - -
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg - - 4217 - -
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg - - 3551 3812 4300
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg - - 3737 - -
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg - - 3480 3660 3787
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg - - 3620 - -
1
Net Energy Swine kcal/kg - - 2760 - 2193
1
Calculated or estimated values.
30 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)

Blood Blood Canola


Nutrient Carob Meal Casein
Meal Plasma Meal
Dry Matter % 92,90 91,01 89.29 90.67 91.35
Crude Protein (CP) % 83,50 71,89 37.97 8.79 84.21
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % 76,00 90,00 78.00 - 97.94
Digestible CP Poultry % 63,46 64,70 29.62 - 82.48
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % 75,00 95,00 75.10 43.57 98.00
Digestible CP Swine % 62,60 68,30 28.52 3.83 82.53
Fat % 0,46 1,09 1.21 0.52 0.80
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 70,00 95,00 70.00 - -
Digestible Fat Poultry % 0,32 1,04 0.85 - -
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 70,00 95,00 70.00 - -
Digestible Fat Swine % 0,32 1,04 0.85 - -
Linoleic Acid % - - 0.23 - -
Linolenic Acid % - - 0.12 - -
Starch % - - 7.00 - -
Crude Fiber (CF) % - - 11.20 - -
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - - - - -
NDF % - - 24.48 17.68 -
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - - - - -
ADF % - - 2.05 - -
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 5,50 6,15 33.08 77.91 3.74
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % 40,00 90,00 25.00 - -
Digestible NFE Poultry % 2,20 5,54 8.27 - -
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % - - 36.01 - -
Organic Matter (OM) % 89,46 79,11 83.46 87.22 88.75
Coef. Dig. OM Swine 1 % 66,00 89,00 73.00 59.43 79.83
Digestible OM Swine % 59,04 70,40 60.92 51.84 70.85
Non Dig. OM Swine % - - 22.54 - -

Ash % 3,44 11,90 5.83 3.45 2.60


Potassium % 0,26 0,56 0.55 0.91 0.01
Sodium % 0,48 3,12 0.09 - 0.01
Chlorine % 0,36 - 0.11 - 0.04

Gross Energy kcal/kg 5134 4580 420 3 4501 5210


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 2857 3114 1692 1520 3900
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg - - 1800 - -
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3067 3304 1900 1807 -
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 3381 4050 3019 2675 4159
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg - - 3244 - -
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 2986 3714 2787 2432 3529
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg - - 2956 - -
1
Net Energy Swine kcal/kg 1626 2244 1713 1723 2022
1
Calculated or estimated values.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 31

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Cassava
Castor Oil Coconut Corn
Nutrient With Hulls Citrus Pulp
Plant Meal Meal (7.88%)
Dried
Dry Matter % 87.67 89.40 88.44 90.90 87.48
Crude Protein (CP) % 2.47 39.20 6.37 21.85 7.88
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % 46.00 - 27.70 71.20 87.00
Digestible CP Poultry % 1.14 - 1.76 15.56 6.86
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % 35.00 - 55.00 67.30 85.00
Digestible CP Swine % 0.87 - 3.50 14.71 6.70
Fat % 0.59 1.55 2.02 3.15 3.65
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 20.00 - - - 92.00
Digestible Fat Poultry % 0.12 - - - 3.36
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 42.50 - 55.00 65.00 90.00
Digestible Fat Swine % 0.25 - 1.11 2.05 3.29
Linoleic Acid % 0.08 - 0.45 0.06 1.91
Linolenic Acid % - - 0.08 - 0.03

Starch % 67.85 - - - 62.66


Crude Fiber (CF) % 5.42 18.50 12.70 13.90 1.73
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % 64.60 - - - 41.40
NDF % 11.75 - - 51.35 11.93
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % 59.00 - - - 66.40
ADF % 4.27 - - 27.10 3.38
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - - 68.20
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 75.59 23.35 61.10 45.64 72.95
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % 93.00 - - - 91.80
Digestible NFE Poultry % 70.30 - - - 66.97
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % 10.71 - - - 7.71
Organic Matter (OM) % 84.07 82.60 82.19 84.54 86.21
Coef. Dig. OM Swine 1 % 86.80 - 83.50 77.10 90.00
Digestible OM Swine % 72.97 - 68.62 65.18 77.59
Non Dig. OM Swine % 11.10 - 13.57 19.36 8.62

Ash % 3.60 6.80 6.26 6.36 1.27


Potassium % 0.52 0.60 0.75 1.61 0.29
Sodium % 0.03 0.01 0.07 0.05 0.02
Chlorine % 0.05 - 0.05 0.80 0.06

Gross Energy kcal/kg 3621 - 3701 3979 3940


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 2973 1484 1100 1921 3381
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg 3005 - - - 3404
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3192 - - 2323 3500
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 3048 2230 2956 3030 3460
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg 3159 - 3092 3224 3546
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 3020 2084 2863 2885 3340
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg 3103 - 2965 3030 3405
1
Net Energy Swine kcal/kg 2394 - 1951 1866 2648
1
Calculated or estimated values.
32 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)

Corn Corn Gluten Corn Gluten Corn High Corn


Nutrient
Germ Meal (21%) Meal (60%) Lysine High Oil
Dry Matter % 89.71 88.50 91.11 88.43 87.70
Crude Protein (CP) % 10.38 21.10 61.07 8.26 8.21
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % 86.00 78.00 94.00 87.84 87.00
Digestible CP Poultry % 8.92 16.46 57.41 7.25 7.14
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % 74.00 76.00 93.00 87.00 85.00
Digestible CP Swine % 7.68 16.04 56.80 7.18 6.98
Fat % 9.60 3.34 2.30 3.66 6.30
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 81.00 56.00 95.00 92.00 93.00
Digestible Fat Poultry % 7.78 1.87 2.19 3.37 5.86
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 80.00 76.00 70.00 90.00 90.00
Digestible Fat Swine % 6.68 2.54 1.61 3.29 5.67
Linoleic Acid % 5.04 1.75 1.21 1.92 3.30
Linolenic Acid % 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04
Starch % 48.56 21.53 15.80 65.37 59.00
Crude Fiber (CF) % 4.48 7.78 1.12 1.52 2.60
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - 51.00 - - -
NDF % 27.80 36.19 6.39 12.09 10.80
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - 55.70 73.50 - -
ADF % 7.90 11.08 8.63 3.05 3.35
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - 59.00 44.70 - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 61.55 50.55 25.02 73.88 69.41
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % 80.00 44.50 98.00 90.80 94.00
Digestible NFE Poultry % 49.24 22.49 24.52 67.08 65.25
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % 16.79 35.84 1.62 8.32 6.76
Organic Matter (OM) % 86.01 82.77 89.51 87.32 86.52
Coef. Dig. OM Swine 1 % 80.00 67.00 91.30 89.00 90.00
Digestible OM Swine % 68.81 55.46 81.72 77.71 77.87
Non Dig. OM Swine % 17.20 27.31 7.79 9.61 8.65

Ash % 3.70 5.73 1.60 1.12 1.18


Potassium % 0.62 1.12 0.13 0.21 0.35
Sodium % 0.02 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.01
Chlorine % 0.08 0.21 0.05 0.05 0.05

Gross Energy kcal/kg 4250 3952 5010 3907 4216


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3144 1813 3696 3405 3560
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg 3194 1921 3701 3430 3580
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg - 1895 3868 3579 -
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 3355 2700 4341 3508 3630
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg 3527 2973 4419 3604 3717
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 3260 2560 3929 3409 3582
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg 3389 2765 3987 3481 3647
Net Energy Swine1 kcal/kg 2572 1775 2536 2708 2835
1
Calculated or estimated values.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 33

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)

Corn Pre- Cottonseed Cottonseed Fat Fat


Nutrient
cooked Meal (30%) Meal (39%) Coconut Lard
Dry Matter % 88.33 89.65 89.83 99.30 99.55
Crude Protein (CP) % 7.61 29.98 39.21 - -
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % 89.04 76.00 78.73 - -
Digestible CP Poultry % 6.78 22.78 30.87 - -
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % 87.00 75.00 76.00 - -
Digestible CP Swine % 6.62 22.49 29.80 - -
Fat % 1.71 1.28 1.37 99.30 99.30
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 92.00 85.00 85.00 - -
Digestible Fat Poultry % 1.57 1.09 1.16 - -
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 90.00 75.00 80.00 - -
Digestible Fat Swine % 1.54 0.96 1.10 - -
Linoleic Acid % 0.89 0.69 0.74 1.79 9.63
Linolenic Acid % 0.01 - - - 0.94
Starch % 64.00 3.00 4.00 - -
Crude Fiber (CF) % 1.23 24.93 13.97 - -
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - 32.00 19.00 - -
NDF % 10.64 42.33 29.40 - -
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - 43.82 18.00 - -
ADF % 2.37 31.11 17.00 - -
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - 47.66 17.30 - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 76.79 28.16 29.07 - -
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % 94.00 49.00 42.00 - -
Digestible NFE Poultry % 72.18 13.23 12.21 - -
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % 5.84 39.86 30.83 - -
Organic Matter (OM) % 87.34 84.35 83.62 99.30 99.55
Coef. Dig. OM Swine 1 % 92.30 52.00 58.20 92.80 87.30
Digestible OM Swine % 80.61 43.86 48.67 92.15 86.92
Non Dig. OM Swine % 6.73 40.49 34.95 - -

Ash % 0.99 5.30 6.21 - -


Potassium % 0.25 0.59 1.34 - -
Sodium % 0.02 0.04 0.11 - -
Chlorine % - - 0.04 - -

Gross Energy kcal/kg 3987 4130 4170 9229 9369


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3429 1666 1947 7924 8080
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg 3447 1786 2039 - -
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3514 1768 2173 - -
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 3519 2222 2507 8565 8180
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg 3586 2627 2857 - -
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 3444 1996 2323 8262 7939
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg 3494 2300 2585 - -
Net Energy Swine1 kcal/kg 2699 1042 1330 7096 7096
1
Calculated or estimated values.
34 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Feather
Fat Fat Feather Feather
Nutrient Poultry By-
Poultry Tallow Meal (75%) Meal (84%)
Prod. Meal
Dry Matter % 99.60 99.39 89.74 91.06 91.40
Crude Protein (CP) % - - 74.91 83.63 65.71
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % - - 72.40 71.80 77.00
Digestible CP Poultry % - - 54.23 60.04 50.60
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % - - 70.00 67.00 70.00
Digestible CP Swine % - - 52.43 56.03 46.00
Fat % 99.00 99.39 6.13 4.70 14.63
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 94.40 80.00 50.00 40.00 80.00
Digestible Fat Poultry % 93.40 79.51 3.06 1.88 11.70
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 91.50 87.10 40.00 40.00 71.00
Digestible Fat Swine % 90.59 86.57 2.45 1.88 10.39
Linoleic Acid % 20.47 3.08 - - 2.00
Linolenic Acid % 1.29 0.60 - - 0.23
Starch % - - - - -
Crude Fiber (CF) % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - - - - -
NDF % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - - - - -
ADF % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % - - 5.70 0.31 4.45
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % - - - - -
Digestible NFE Poultry % - - - - -
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % - - - - -
Organic Matter (OM) % 99.60 99.39 86.74 88.64 84.79
Coef. Dig. OM Swine 1 % 92.22 81.10 60.89 64.69 68.21
Digestible OM Swine % 91.85 80.61 52.82 57.34 57.84
Non Dig. OM Swine % - - - - -

Ash % - - 3.00 2.42 6.61


Potassium % - - 0.12 0.25 0.35
Sodium % - - 0.12 0.27 0.33
Chlorine % - - 0.19 0.25 0.34

Gross Energy kcal/kg 9282 9408 5206 5225 5231


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 8681 7401 2621 2761 3264
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg - - - - -
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 9159 8116 2766 2849 3482
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 8560 8193 3170 3380 3568
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg - - - - -
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 8228 7886 2805 2922 3263
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg - - - - -
Net Energy Swine1 kcal/kg 7303 7061 1626 1634 2133
1
Calculated or estimated values.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 35

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Fish Meal Fish Meal Glycerine
Nutrient Glucose Lactose
(54%) (61%) (87%)
Dry Matter % 92.06 91.71 90.37 90.00 97.80
Crude Protein (CP) % 54.58 61.42 - 0.23 0.23
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % 87.00 87.00 - - -
Digestible CP Poultry % 47.49 53.44 - - -
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % 78.00 80.00 - - -
Digestible CP Swine % 42.57 49.14 - - -
Fat % 7.46 5.85 - - -
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 90.00 87.00 - - -
Digestible Fat Poultry % 6.71 5.09 - - -
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 90.00 75.00 - - -
Digestible Fat Swine % 6.71 4.39 - - -
Linoleic Acid % 0.10 0.8 - - -
Linolenic Acid % 0.06 0.04 - - -
Starch % - - - - -
Crude Fiber (CF) % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - - - - -
NDF % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - - - - -
ADF % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 7.28 4.80 90.37 - -
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % - - - - -
Digestible NFE Poultry % - - - - -
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % - - - - -
Organic Matter (OM) % 69.32 72.36 90.37 - 97.63
Coef. Dig. OM Swine 1 % 75.03 75.49 - - 90.00
Digestible OM Swine % 52.01 54.62 - - 87.87
Non Dig. OM Swine % - - - - -

Ash % 22.74 19.35 - - 0.17


Potassium % 0.60 0.58 - - -
Sodium % 0.68 0.50 - - -
Chlorine % 0.90 0.70 - - -

Gross Energy kcal/kg 4065 4199 4017 3696 3908


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 2670 2778 3393 3510 -
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg - - - - -
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3065 - - - -
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 3050 3170 3340 3652 3604
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg - - - -
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 2740 2845 3334 3579 3511
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg - - - - -
Net Energy Swine1 kcal/kg 1732 1742 2434 2611 2561
1
Calculated or estimated values.
36 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Nutrient Meat & Meat & Meat & Meat &
Lecithin Bone Meal Bone Meal Bone Meal Bone Meal
(36%) (38%) (41%) (44%)
Dry Matter % 99.36 92.91 93.60 92.74 93.27
Crude Protein (CP) % - 36.31 38.48 40.83 43.50
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % - 73.00 77.00 77.00 79.50
Digestible CP Poultry % - 26.51 29.62 31.44 34.58
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % - 70.00 74.00 78.00 78.00
Digestible CP Swine % - 25.42 28.47 31.85 33.93
Fat % 92.76 12.63 12.32 12.50 12.44
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % - 48.00 52.30 50.00 58.80
Digestible Fat Poultry % - 6.06 6.44 6.25 7.31
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % - 36.70 35.20 41.80 44.00
Digestible Fat Swine % - 4.64 4.34 5.22 5.47
Linoleic Acid % - 0.39 0.38 0.39 0.39
Linolenic Acid % - 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.07
Starch % - - - - -
Crude Fiber (CF) % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - - - - -
NDF % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - - - - -
ADF % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 0.49 2.17 2.60 0.98 1.20
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % - - - - -
Digestible NFE Poultry % - - - - -
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % - - - - -
Organic Matter (OM) % 93.25 51.11 53.40 54.31 57.14
Coef. Dig. OM Swine 1 % 80.79 58.00 64.00 67.00 70.00
Digestible OM Swine % 75.34 29.64 34.18 36.39 40.00
Non Dig. OM Swine % - - - - -

Ash % 6.11 41.80 40.20 38.43 36.13


Potassium % - 0.70 0.70 0.70 -
Sodium % - 0.49 0.32 0.51 0.70
Chlorine % - 0.50 - 0.60 -

Gross Energy kcal/kg 8188 3122 3209 3286 3490


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 6036 1700 1873 1937 2177
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg - - - - -
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 6240 1778 - 1995 -
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 6615 1852 2044 2296 2430
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg - - - - -
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 6375 1695 1820 2068 2200
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg - - - - -
1
Net Energy Swine kcal/kg 5869 1160 1232 1400 1477
1
Calculated or estimated values.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 37

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Nutrient Meat & Meat & Meat & Meat & Meat &
Bone Meal Bone Meal Bone Meal Bone Meal Bone Meal
(46%) (48%) (50%) (55%) (63%)
Dry Matter % 93,27 93,77 93.95 93.54 94.50
Crude Protein (CP) % 45,87 48,01 50.36 54.74 63.17
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % 79,50 81,00 81.50 82.00 81.00
Digestible CP Poultry % 36,47 38,89 41.04 44.89 51.17
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % 79,00 79,50 80.00 80.00 81.00
Digestible CP Swine % 36,24 38,17 40.45 43.79 51.17
Fat % 12,04 12,23 12.65 11.54 10.10
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 76,00 73,40 70.00 72.20 64.70
Digestible Fat Poultry % 9,15 8,98 8.86 8.33 6.53
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 47,50 48,00 40.00 39.70 35.00
Digestible Fat Swine % 5,72 5,87 5.06 4.58 3.53
Linoleic Acid % 0,37 0,38 0.39 0.36 0.31
Linolenic Acid % 0,07 0,07 0.08 0.07 0.06
Starch % - - - - -
Crude Fiber (CF) % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - - - - -
NDF % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - - - - -
ADF % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 0,25 0,51 0.13 0.38 0.92
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % - - - - -
Digestible NFE Poultry % - - - - -
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % - - - - -
Organic Matter (OM) % 58,16 60,75 62.88 66.66 72.75
Coef. Dig. OM Swine 1 % 69,40 69,50 69.50 70.90 71.70
Digestible OM Swine % 40,36 42,22 43.70 47.26 52.16
Non Dig. OM Swine % - - - - -

Ash % 35,11 33,02 31.07 26.88 21.76


Potassium % 0,66 0,54 0.54 0.50 0.47
Sodium % 0,72 0,59 0.59 0.70 0.60
Chlorine % 0,63 0,60 0.60 0.57 0.55

Gross Energy kcal/kg 3665 3984 3984 4017 4341


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 2417 2511 2591 2710 2810
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg - - - - -
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg - - 2701 - 2872
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 2564 2705 2752 2905 3210
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg - - - - -
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 2332 2446 2485 2598 2870
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg - - - - -
1
Net Energy Swine cal/kg k 1642 1681 1804
1
Calculated or estimated values.
38 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Nutrient Milk Milk Whey
Milk Whey Milk Whole
Millet Skimmed Permeate
Dried Dried
Dried Dried
Dry Matter % 89.30 94.30 95.40 94.50 96.20
Crude Protein (CP) % 12.71 33.10 12.07 3.00 23.70
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % 91.00 - 93.00 - -
Digestible CP Poultry % 11.57 - 11.21 - -
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % 91.00 94.00 92.00 - 92.00
Digestible CP Swine % 11.57 31.11 11.09 - 21.80
Fat % 3.95 0.73 0.90 0.20 26.00
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 75.00 - - - -
Digestible Fat Poultry % 2.96 - - - -
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 75.00 95.00 95.00 - 92.00
Digestible Fat Swine % 2.96 0.69 0.86 - 23.92
Linoleic Acid % 1.63 0.02 0.02 - -
Linolenic Acid % - - - - -

Starch % 63.20 - - - -
Crude Fiber (CF) % 3.48 - - - -
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - - - - -
NDF % 20.30 - - - -
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - - - - -
ADF % 8.58 - - - -
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 67.64 52.77 73.98 85.60 40.00
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % 85.50 - - - -
Digestible NFE Poultry % 57.83 - - - -
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % 13.29 - - - -
Organic Matter (OM) % 87.78 86.60 86.95 88.80 89.70
1

Coef. Dig. OM Swine


Digestible % %74.00 64.9692.00 79.6790.00 78.2696.00 85.2494.50 84.76
Non Dig. OM Swine % 22.82 - - - -

Ash % 1.52 7.70 8.45 5.70 6.50


Potassium % 0.34 1.47 2.08 2.10 1.17
Sodium % 0.01 0.41 0.79 1.00 0.32
Chlorine % 0.03 0.90 1.34 2.00 0.71

Gross Energy kcal/kg 3930 4163 3703 3446 5431


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3165 2781 - - -
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg 3205 - - - -
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3354 - - - -
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 3036 3805 3486 3311 5137
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg 3264 - - - -
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 2940 3590 3371 3225 4948
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg 3111 - - - -
Net Energy Swine1 kcal/kg 2313 2408 2392 - 3794
1
Calculated or estimated values.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 39

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Palm
Oil Oil Oil Oil
Nutrient Ouricuri
Canola Corn Palm Soybean
Meal
Dry Matter % 99.50 99.25 99.50 99.60 90.00
Crude Protein (CP) % - - - - 23.00
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % - - - - -
Digestible CP Poultry % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % - - - - -
Digestible CP Swine % - - - - -
Fat % 99.50 99.00 99.40 99.60 0.82
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 95.00 95.10 - 95.00 -
Digestible Fat Poultry % 94.53 94.15 - 94.62 -
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 91.80 91.80 - 91.50 -
Digestible Fat Swine % 91.34 90.88 - 91.13 -
Linoleic Acid % 18.73 51.93 10.25 52.57 -
Linolenic Acid % 9.50 0.69 - 6.94 -
Starch % - - - - -
Crude Fiber (CF) % - - - - 17.60
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - - - - -
NDF % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - - - - -
ADF % - - - - -
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % - - - - 42.26
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % - - - - -
Digestible NFE Poultry % - - - - -
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % - - - - -
Organic Matter (OM) % 99.50 99.25 99.50 99.60 83.68
Coef. Dig. OM Swine 1 % 91.80 90.00 85.21 92.15 -
Digestible OM Swine % 91.34 89.33 84.79 91.78 -
Non Dig. OM Swine % - - - - -

Ash % - - - - 6.32
Potassium % - - - - 0.62
Sodium % - - - - 0.03
Chlorine % - - - - -

Gross Energy kcal/kg 9399 9350 9400 9333 -


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 8784 8773 8817 8790 1431
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg - - - - -
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 9130 9250 - 9200 -
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 8630 8580 8010 8600 1982
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg - - - - -
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 8455 8280 7690 8300 1766
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg - - - - -
Net Energy Swine1 kcal/kg 7476 7341 6916 7364 975
1
Calculated or estimated values.
40 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Passion Pasta- Poultry By- Poultry By-
Peanut
Nutrient Fruit Pulp Spaghetti Product Prod Meal
Meal
Dried Residue Meal High Fat
Dry Matter % 90.69 88.40 89.42 93.00 93.90
Crude Protein (CP) % 12.42 12.30 47.77 57.68 55.30
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % 81.44 90.00 85.00 82.00 82.00
Digestible CP Poultry % 10.12 11.07 40.60 47.30 45.35
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % - 88.60 90.50 81.00 81.00
Digestible CP Swine % - 10.90 43.23 46.72 44.79
Fat % 6.04 1.17 1.01 14.17 20.60
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % - - 83.00 91.30 90.20
Digestible Fat Poultry % - - 0.85 12.94 18.59
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % - - 55.00 93.50 94.00
Digestible Fat Swine % - - 0.56 13.25 17.81
Linoleic Acid % - 0.46 0.28 2.93 4.26
Linolenic Acid % - - - 0.18 0.27

Starch % - - - - -
Crude Fiber (CF) % 34.85 1.90 7.55 - -
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - - - - -
NDF % 68.04 1.10 15.60 - -
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - - - - -
ADF % 64.92 0.60 10.88 - -
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 36.24 72.03 27.06 5.96 6.40
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % - - 38.00 - -
Digestible NFE Poultry % - - 10.28 - -
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % - - 24.33 - -
Organic Matter (OM) % 89.55 87.40 83.39 77.81 82.30
1
Coef. Dig. OM
Digestible OM Swine
Swine % % - - 95.44 83.4181.00 67.5582.00 63.8079.00 65.00
Non Dig. OM Swine % - 3.99 15.84 - -

Ash % 1.14 1.00 6.03 15.19 11.60


Potassium % - 0.18 1.28 0.52 0.53
Sodium % - 0.01 0.03 0.39 0.51
Chlorine % - - 0.06 0.51 0.51

Gross Energy kcal/kg 5435 3861 4316 4750 5343


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3284 3494 2253 3241 3682
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg - - 2326 - -
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg - - 2396 3546 3850
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg - 3685 3475 3905 4215
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg - 3725 3633 - -
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg - 3538 3178 3566 3905
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg - 3568 3297 - -
Net Energy Swine1 kcal/kg - - 1940 2402 2750
1
Calculated or estimated values.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 41

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Nutrient Sorghum Sorghum
Rice Rice Rice Bran
High Low
Broken Bran Defatted
Tannin Tannin
Dry Matter % 88.20 89.34 89.72 85.88 87.90
Crude Protein (CP) % 8.50 13.13 15.29 8.94 8.97
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % 79.00 77.70 77.70 68.00 88.00
Digestible CP Poultry % 6.72 10.20 11.88 6.08 7.89
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % 88.00 74.60 74.60 73.30 85.00
Digestible CP Swine % 7.48 9.79 11.41 6.55 7.62
Fat % 1.14 14.49 1.65 2.35 2.96
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 80.00 78.50 62.00 83.00 85.00
Digestible Fat Poultry % 0.91 11.37 1.02 1.95 2.52
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 85.00 80.00 70.00 75.00 80.00
Digestible Fat Swine % 0.97 11.59 1.16 1.76 2.37
Linoleic Acid % 0.35 2.37 0.49 1.13 1.05
Linolenic Acid % 0.20 0.02 - - -

Starch % 74.45 22.70 26.00 56.80 63.24


Crude Fiber (CF) % 0.50 8.07 10.86 2.78 2.30
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - 39.72 39.72 - 75.49
NDF % 4.70 21.53 24.30 9.80 10.03
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % 14.50 50.65 50.65 - 73.21
ADF % 7.00 12.58 15.80 4.60 5.90
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % 93.00 52.86 52.86 - 85.40
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 77.13 44.67 51.84 69.95 72.26
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % 91.00 55.40 55.40 86.50 87.40
Digestible NFE Poultry % 70.19 24.75 28.72 60.51 63.16
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % 7.44 27.99 33.98 - 11.40
Organic Matter (OM) % 87.27 80.36 79.64 84.02 87.30
1
Coef. Dig. OM
Digestible OM Swine
Swine % %94.00 82.0072.60 58.3469.80 55.5983.00 69.7486.50 75.53
Non Dig. OM Swine % 5.27 22.02 24.05 - 11.77

Ash % 0.93 8.98 10.08 1.86 1.41


Potassium % 0.19 1.40 1.59 0.31 0.34
Sodium % 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.02
Chlorine % 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.01 0.05

Gross Energy kcal/kg 3821 4335 3740 3860 3912


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3279 2521 1795 2956 3189
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg 3301 2605 1897 3012 3223
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3507 3143 - 3037 3407
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 3595 3179 2531 3081 3383
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg 3647 3399 2772 3224 3501
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 3491 3111 2450 2984 3315
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg 3531 3276 2630 3091 3403
Net Energy Swine1 kcal/kg 2777 2379 1699 2318 2610
1
Calculated or estimated values.
42 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Nutrient Soybean
Soybean Soybean Soybean
Protein
Hulls Meal (45%) Meal (48%)
Concentrate
Dry Matter % 89.13 90.22 88.75 89.18
Crude Protein (CP) % 13.88 63.07 45.22 48.10
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % 57.00 92.00 91.00 91.40
Digestible CP Poultry % 7.91 58.02 41.15 43.96
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % 66.00 92.00 90.00 91.00
Digestible CP Swine % 9.16 58.02 40.70 43.77
Fat % 3.00 0.45 1.69 1.45
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 60.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Digestible Fat Poultry % 1.80 0.23 0.85 0.73
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 60.00 50.00 60.00 60.00
Digestible Fat Swine % 1.80 0.23 1.01 0.87
Linoleic Acid % 1.58 0.24 0.89 0.77
Linolenic Acid % 0.21 - 0.12 0.10

Starch % - - 12.38 3.00


Crude Fiber (CF) % 32.70 2.77 5.30 4.19
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - - - 68.60
NDF % 57.40 11.61 13.79 14.93
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - - - 82.60
ADF % 44.90 6.06 8.07 12.28
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - 77.70
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 34.95 18.79 30.71 29.74
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % 24.40 28.00 31.60 27.00
Digestible NFE Poultry % 8.52 5.26 9.70 8.03
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % 59.13 16.30 26.31 25.90
Organic Matter (OM) % 84.53 85.08 82.92 83.48
1
Coef. Dig. OM Swine % 58.00 88.10 80.68 82.50
Digestible OM Swine % 49.03 74.96 66.90 68.87
Non Dig. OM Swine % 35.50 10.12 16.02 14.61

Ash % 4.60 5.14 5.83 5.70


Potassium % - 2.18 1.83 2.11
Sodium % - 0.05 0.02 0.02
Chlorine % - - 0.05 0.05

Gross Energy kcal/kg 3900 4461 4090 4161


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 858 2621 2254 2295
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg 1035 2670 2333 2373
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg - 2870 2506 2590
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 2261 4017 3425 3540
Digestible Energy Sows kc al/kg 2616 4118 3585 3686
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 2207 3586 3154 3253
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg 2473 3662 3274 3363
1
Net Energy Swine kcal/kg 1185 2174 2016 2042
1
Calculated or estimated values.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 43

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Nutrient Soybean Soybean Soybean Soybean Soybean
Full-Fat Full-Fat Full-Fat Part- Defat Part- Defat
Extruded Toasted Micronized Extruded Toasted
Dry Matter % 89.94 89.94 92.62 90.50 90.50
Crude Protein (CP) % 36.42 36.42 39.14 40.07 40.07
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % 90.00 87.00 90.00 90.00 87.00
Digestible CP Poultry % 32.78 31.69 35.23 36.06 34.86
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % 88.00 80.00 88.00 88.00 80.00
Digestible CP Swine % 32.05 29.30 34.44 35.26 32.06
Fat % 18.32 18.32 21.50 8.32 8.32
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 90.00 85.00 86.00 88.00 85.00
Digestible Fat Poultry % 16.49 15.57 18.49 7.32 7.07
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 82.00 78.00 81.00 80.00 78.00
Digestible Fat Swine % 15.02 14.29 17.42 6.66 6.49
Linoleic Acid % 9.67 9.67 11.35 4.39 4.39
Linolenic Acid % 1.28 1.28 1.50 0.58 0.58

Starch % 6.70 6.70 6.70 7.37 7.37


Crude Fiber (CF) % 6.03 6.03 1.36 6.63 6.63
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % 76.60 76.60 77.65 76.60 76.60
NDF % 16.60 16.60 27.60 18.26 18.26
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % 76.70 76.70 98.32 76.70 76.70
ADF % 12.40 12.40 5.82 13.64 13.64
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % 85.10 85.10 82.55 85.10 85.10
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 24.57 24.57 26.15 30.42 30.42
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % 45.70 45.00 40.00 45.70 45.00
Digestible NFE Poultry % 11.22 11.01 10.46 13.90 13.69
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % 19.38 19.59 17.05 23.15 23.36
Organic Matter (OM) % 85.34 85.34 88.15 85.44 85.44
1
Coef. Dig. OM
Digestible OM Swine
Swine % %83.00 70.8376.70 65.4586.00 75.8181.70 69.8076.70 65.53
Non Dig. OM Swine % 14.51 19.89 12.34 15.64 19.91

Ash % 4.60 4.60 4.47 5.06 5.06


Potassium % 1.64 1.64 1.65 1.80 1.80
Sodium % 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Chlorine % 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02

Gross Energy kcal/kg 5032 5032 5279 4456 4456


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3409 3263 3660 2811 2726
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg 3467 3322 3711 2880 2796
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3538 3454 4171 - -
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 4161 3930 4583 3760 3525
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg 4306 4129 4706 3916 3724
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 3913 3706 4330 3530 3315
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg 4022 3855 4423 3647 3464
Net Energy Swine1 kcal/kg 2819 2667 3192 2380 2223
1
Calculated or estimated values.
44 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Nutrient
Sugarcane Sugarcane
Starch Sugar
Juice Molasses
Dry Matter % 88.50 99.00 18.55 73.98
Crude Protein (CP) % - - 0.30 3.66
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % - - - -
Digestible CP Poultry % - - - -
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % - - - -
Digestible CP Swine % - - - -
Fat % - - - 0.10
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % - - - -
Digestible Fat Poultry % - - - -
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % - - - -
Digestible Fat Swine % - - - -
Linoleic Acid % - - - -
Linolenic Acid % - - - -
Starch % 87.70 - - -
Crude Fiber (CF) % - - 0.05 2.46
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - - - -
NDF % - - - -
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - - - -
ADF % - - - -
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 87.70 98.86 17.90 59.02
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % 97.10 97.00 - -
Digestible NFE Poultry % 85.16 95.89 - -
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % 2.54 2.97 - -
Organic Matter (OM) % 87.70 98.86 18.25 65.23
Coef. Dig. OM Swine 1 % 98.00 98.00 93.39 -
Digestible OM Swine % 85.95 96.88 17.04 -
Non Dig. OM Swine % 1.75 1.98 - -

Ash % - 0.14 0.30 8.75


Potassium % - - - 3.25
Sodium % - - - 0.58
Chlorine % - - - 1.38

Gross Energy kcal/kg 3737 4008 757 2850


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3528 3831 - 1880
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg 3536 3840 - -
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg - 3887 - 2230
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 3594 3873 707 2403
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg 3612 3893 - -
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 3546 3737 675 2345
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg 3559 3752 - -
Net Energy Swine1 kcal/kg 2913 2729 490 1665
1
Calculated or estimated values.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 45

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Sugarcane Sweet Swine By-
Sunflower Triticale
Nutrient Molasses Potato Product
Meal
Dried Dried Meal
Dry Matter % 93.26 89.74 88.72 94.00 88.23
Crude Protein (CP) % 2.44 30.22 3.87 47.00 12.23
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % - 85.00 - 84.00 86.60
Digestible CP Poultry % - 25.69 - 39.48 10.59
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % - 80.00 30.00 78.00 85.00
Digestible CP Swine % - 24.18 1.16 30.79 10.39
Fat % - 1.78 0.91 14.60 1.51
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % - 60.00 - 40.00 67.00
Digestible Fat Poultry % - 1.07 - 5.84 1.01
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % - 20.00 70.00 53.70 70.00
Digestible Fat Swine % - 0.36 0.63 7.84 1.06
Linoleic Acid % - - - 1.42 0.54
Linolenic Acid % - - - 0.14 -
Starch % - 5.00 62.90 - 55.25
Crude Fiber (CF) % 6.20 25.73 2.69 - 2.61
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - - - - -
NDF % - 41.01 8.80 - 12.45
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - - - -
ADF % - 24.89 3.60 - 3.95
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 68.32 26.03 78.26 4.50 70.24
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % - 54.50 - - 85.30
Digestible NFE Poultry % - 14.19 - - 59.91
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % - 37.57 - - 12.94
Organic Matter (OM) % 76.96 83.73 85.72 66.10 86.59
Coef. Dig. OM Swine 1 % - 50.20 91.50 58.00 85.00
Digestible OM Swine % - 42.03 78.43 38.34 73.60
Non Dig. OM Swine % - 41.70 - - 12.99

Ash % 16.30 5.98 3.00 27.90 1.64


Potassium % 2.19 1.57 0.65 - 0.44
Sodium % 0.15 0.02 0.15 - 0.02
Chlorine % - - 0.09 - 0.03

Gross Energy kcal/kg 3170 4289 3875 4200 3853


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 2153 1795 2706 2240 3031
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg - 1908 - - 3070
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 2480 2200 2519 - 3165
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 2616 2141 3305 2485 3278
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg - 2558 - - 3408
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 2495 1955 3284 2266 3181
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg - 2268 - - 3278
Net Energy Swine1 kcal/kg 1745 1017 2590 1531 2439
1
Calculated or estimated values.
46 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Wheat Bran-
Nutrient Wheat Wheat Flour Wheat Germ
Midds

Dry Matter % 88.10 88.38 87.00 88.27


Crude Protein (CP) % 11.70 15.62 12.26 28.29
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % 87.50 77.00 93.40 89.00
Digestible CP Poultry % 10.24 12.03 11.45 25.18
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % 86.00 79.00 93.00 86.00
Digestible CP Swine % 10.06 12.34 11.40 24.33
Fat % 1.68 3.50 1.70 9.19
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 68.00 65.00 87.00 64.00
Digestible Fat Poultry % 1.14 2.28 1.48 5.88
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 70.00 60.00 - 60.00
Digestible Fat Swine % 1.17 2.10 - 5.51
Linoleic Acid % 0.68 1.54 0.54 3.43
Linolenic Acid % - - - -

Starch % 54.93 31.35 76.50 15.45


Crude Fiber (CF) % 2.37 9.50 - 2.50
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - 36.08 - -
NDF % 12.26 40.10 2.65 9.58
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - 50.44 - -
ADF % 3.19 13.64 - 3.65
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - 52.40 - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 70.76 55.06 72.51 44.16
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % 85.30 47.30 95.60 49.50
Digestible NFE Poultry % 60.36 26.04 69.31 21.86
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % 12.77 38.52 3.20 24.80
Organic Matter (OM) % 86.51 83.68 86.47 84.13
1
Coef. Dig. OM Swine % 87.00 64.40 95.00 87.30
Digestible OM Swine % 75.26 53.89 82.15 73.45
Non Dig. OM Swine % 11.25 29.79 4.32 10.68

Ash % 1.59 4.70 0.47 4.14


Potassium % 0.40 1.03 0.11 0.73
Sodium % 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01
Chlorine % 0.07 0.06 - 0.07

Gross Energy kcal/kg 3819 3914 3775 4343


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3046 1795 3503 2536
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg 3084 1911 3513 2610
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 3124 2119 3551 2718
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 3351 2504 3588 3700
Digestible Energy Sows kc al/kg 3464 2802 3631 3807
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 3260 2390 3388 3578
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg 3344 2613 3420 3658
1
Net Energy Swine kcal/kg 2505 1748 2696 2576
1
Calculated or estimated values.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 47

Table 1.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as fed)
Wheat Wheat Yeast Alcohol Yeast
Nutrient
Screenings Shorts Distillery Brewery

Dry Matter % 88.17 88.19 91.20 90.00


Crude Protein (CP) % 13.61 17.52 37.20 41.80
Coef. Dig. CP Poultry % 86.00 84 58.00 64.00
Digestible CP Poultry % 11.70 14.72 21.58 26.75
Coef. Dig. CP Swine % 82.00 78 77.00 77.00
Digestible CP Swine % 11.16 13.67 28.64 32.19
Fat % 2.11 2.63 0.48 1.38
Coef. Dig.Fat Poultry1 % 60.00 87.00 70.00 75.00
Digestible Fat Poultry % 1.26 2.28 0.34 1.04
Coef. Dig. Fat Swine1 % 70.00 80.00 80.00 82.00
Digestible Fat Swine % 1.47 2.10 0.38 1.13
Linoleic Acid % 0.79 1.46 - -
Linolenic Acid % - - - -

Starch % - 27.74 - 1.00


Crude Fiber (CF) % 6.55 7.59 0.50 1.33
Coef. Dig. CF Swine % - - - -
NDF % 18.71 31.48 - 6.20
Coef. Dig. NDF Swine % - - - -
ADF % 8.85 9.57 - 1.80
Coef. Dig. ADF Swine % - - - -
Nitrogen-Free Ext (NFE) % 63.15 56.35 49.66 41.85
Coef. Dig. NFE Poultry1 % 82.60 63.2 75.10 77.40
Digestible NFE Poultry % 52.16 35.61 37.29 32.39
Non Dig. NFE + CF Poultry % 18.54 28.33 12.87 10.79
Organic Matter (OM) % 85.41 84.08 87.84 86.36
1
Coef. Dig. OM Swine % 81.80 72.5 80.00 81.60
Digestible OM Swine % 69.87 60.96 70.27 70.47
Non Dig. OM Swine % 15.54 23.12 17.57 15.89

Ash % 2.76 4.11 3.36 3.64


Potassium % 0.43 1.00 1.13 1.32
Sodium % 0.02 0.03 0.20 0.19
Chlorine % - 0.04 - -

Gross Energy kcal/kg 3875 3798 4157 4339


Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg 2783 2321 2506 2590
Met. Energy Hens kcal/kg 2839 2406 2545 2622
True Met. Energy Poultry kcal/kg - - 2615 -
Digestible Energy Swine kcal/kg 3141 2848 3370 3474
Digestible Energy Sows kcal/kg 3296 3079 3546 3633
Met. Energy Swine kcal/kg 3027 2740 3164 3240
Met. Energy Sows kcal/kg 3144 2913 3296 3359
1
Net Energy Swine kcal/kg 2083 1946 2062 2094
1
Calculated or estimated values.
48 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.02 - Equations to Estimate the Metabolizable Energy of


Feedstuffs for Young and Mature Poultry

VEGETABLE FEEDSTUFFS

Poultry: Broilers and Young Poultry

MEPoultry = 4.31 CPd + 9.29 Fd + 4.14 NFEd

Hens and Mature Poult ry

MEHens = 4.31 CPd + 9.29 Fd + 4.14 NFEd + 0.3 NDEF

ANIMAL FEEDSTUFFS AND FATS

Poultry: Young and Ma ture

MEPoultry = 4.31 CPd + 9.29 Fd

MEPoultry = Metabolizable Energy Poultry, kcal/kg.


MEHens = Metabolizable Energy Hens, kcal/kg.
CPd = Digestible Protein Poultry, g/kg
Fd = Digestible Fat Poultry, g/kg
NFEd = Digestible Nitrogen-Free Extract Poultry, g/kg
NDEF = Non-Digested NFE + Crude Fiber, g/kg

Data from UFV Theses.


Janssen, W. M. European Table of Energy Values for Poultry Feedstuffs. Wageningen,
The Netherlands. 1989, 104p. Titus, H. W. Alimentación Científica de las Gallinas. Ed.
Acribia, Spain. 1960, 290p.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 49

Table 1.03 - Equations to Estimate the Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Swine in General

DIGESTIBLE ENERGY - Swi ne

Vegetable Fe edstuffs and Dairy Product s


DESwine = 5.65 CPd + 9.45 Fd + 4.14 (OMd - CPd - Fd)

An im al b y Pr od uc t an d Fat Feedstu ff s
DE = 5.65 CPd + 9.45 Fd

METABOLIZABLE ENERGY - Swine


Vegetable fe edstuffs and Dairy pr oduct s
MESwine = 4.952 CPd + 9.45 Fd + 4.14 (OMd - CPd - Fd)
An im al b y Pr od uc t Feed st uffs
ME = 4.952 CPd + 9.45 Fd
Fat and Carbohydrate Fee dstuf fs
MESwine = 0.965 DE
NET ENERGY - Swine
NESwine = 0.73 MESwine + 13.1 F + 3.7 S - 6.7 CP - 9.7 CF

DEswine= Dig. Energy Swine, kcal/kg NEswine = Net Energy Swine, kcal/kg
MEswine = Metab. Energy Swine, kcal/kg F = Fat, %
CPd = Dig. Protein Swine, g/kg S = Starch, %
Fd = Fat Dig. Swine, g/kg CP = Crude Protein, %
OMd = Dig. Organic Matt. Swine, g/kg CF = Crude Fiber, %

Data from UFV Theses.


Coutinho, R. Noções de Fisiologia da Nutrição. Ed. Cruzeiro.
O Rio de Janeiro. 1966, 471p.
Sauvant, D., Perez, J. M. andTran, G. (Editors). Tablas de Composición y de
Valores Nutritivos
de las Materias Primas Destinadas a los Animales de Interés Ganadero. Ed. Mundi-Prensa.
España. 2004, 310p.
50 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.04 - Equations to Estimate the Energy Values of


Feedstuffs for Sows and Mature Pigs

DIGESTIBLE ENERGY- Sow s

Vegetable Feedstuffs
DESows = 5.65 CPd + 9.45 Fd + 4.14 (OMd - CPd - Fd) + 1 NDOM

METABOLIZABLE ENERGY - Sows


Vegetable Feedstuffs
MESows= 4.952 CPd + 9.45 Fd + 4.14 (OMd - CPd - Fd) + 0.75 NDOM

NET ENERGY - Sows


Vegetable Feedstuffs
NESows= 0.73 EMSows + 13.1 G + 3.7 A - 6.7 CP - 9.7 CF

DESows = Dig. Energy Sows, kcal/kg NESows = Net Energy Sows, kcal/kg
MESows = Metab. Energy Sows, kcal/kg F = Fat, %
CPd = Dig. Protein Swine, g/kg S = Starch, %
Fd = Dig.Fat Swine, g/kg CP = Crude Protein, %
OMd = Dig. Organic Matter Swine, g/kg CF = Crude Fiber, %
NDOM = Non-Digested Organic Matter Swine, g/kg

Data from R.
Coutinho, UFV Theses.
Noções de Fisiologia da Nutrição. Ed. Cruzeiro.
O Rio de Janeiro. 1966, 471p.
Sauvant, D., Perez, J. M. andTran, G. (Editors). Tablas de Composición y deValores Nutritivos
de las Materias Primas Destinadas a los Animales de Interés Ganadero. Ed. Mundi-Prensa.
España. 2004, 310p.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 51

Table 1.05 - Equation to Estimate Metabolizable EnergyLost (MEL)


1
for Poultry as a Function of Corn Grading/Type

MEL = -0.064 + 1.62 BRK + 6.98 FRIM + 10.06 MOLD + 12.28 INS + 5.87 ADC

MEL = Metabolizable Energy Loss for Poultry, Kcal/kg.


BRK = Broken Grains, %
FRIM = Fragmented Grains and Impurities, %
MOLD = Grains Contaminated by Molds, %
INS = Grains Attacked by Insects, %
ADC = Grains Affected by Different Causes, %

Example:

Grading/Type “0” I2 II2 III2


BRK, % 0 0.16 1.32 5.88
FRIM, % 0 0 1.18 1.96
MOLD, % 0 2.60 3.64 6.32
INS, % 0 0.24 0.12 0.16
ADC, %% 0 0 0 0

MEL Eq., Kcal/kg 0 - 29 - 51 - 89


ME poultry, Kcal/kg 34323 3403 33813 3343

1
Adapted from de Barbarino (2001). PhD Thesis, UFV
2
Grading by the Ministry of Agriculture.
3
Considering Type II Corn with 3381 Kcal/kg (Table 1.01), Corn with 0 % de BRK,
FRIM, MOLD, INS and ADC has ME L = 0, then the ME poultry is 3381 + 51 = 3432
Kcal/kg.
52 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.06 - Fatty Acid Profile of Fats and Oils (% as fed)

Fatty Acids (%)


Lauric Myristic Palmitic Palmitoleic Stearic Oleic Linoleic Linolenic Arachidonic
≤10 ≥20
C12:0 C14:0 C16:0 C16:1 C18:0 C18:1 C18:2 C18:3 n6 C20:4 n6
Fats
Coconut 14.10 44.60 16.80 8.20 - 2.80 5.80 1.80 - - -
Fish - 0.20 6.11 14.34 10.00 3.04 15.08 1.36 0.74 0.73 56.52

Lard 0.10 0.15 1.35 24.06 2.80 13.95 41.84 9.70 0.95 1.70 1.30
Poultry - 0.10 1.00 20.74 5.40 6.74 42.68 20.68 1.30 0.10 1.63
Tallow 0.20 0.15 3.00 23.90 4.43 19.05 38.20 3.10 0.60 0.20 1.80
Oils
Canola - 0.20 0.10 3.94 0.17 1.76 60.00 18.82 9.55 - 4.07
Corn - - - 10.85 0.11 1.69 36.38 52.45 0.70 - 2.05
Cottonseed - - 0.80 20.72 0.80 2.45 17.56 54.08 0.20 - 0.91
Soybeans - - 0.10 9.76 0.20 3.77 23.32 52.78 6.97 - 2.13
Sunflower - 0.20 0.17 5.41 0.30 3.60 32.19 51.98 0.25 - 3.15
Palm - - 0.20 10.92 0.45 4.35 36.85 9.50 0.25 - 0.50
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 53

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Bakery
Babassu Babassu Bakery Blood Cells
Nutrient Cookie
Meal Starch Meal Residue Dried
Cracker Res
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 20.19 1.91 8.45 12.50 86.29
Lysine % 0.66 0.10 0.21 0.25 8.62
Methionine
Met + Cys % 0.44
0.60 0.03
0.08 0.13
0.30 0.17
0.43 1.22
1.80
Threonine % 0.61 0.11 0.26 0.34 4.25
Tryptophan % - - 0.10 0.11 1.43
Arginine % 2.34 0.11 0.34 0.47 3.40
Gly + Ser % 1.75 0.26 0.74 0.93 8.70
Valine % 0.93 0.11 0.36 0.48 8.20
Isoleucine % 0.63 0.08 0.29 0.39 0.49
Leucine % 1.23 0.16 0.58 0.78 12.40
Histidine % 0.36 0.05 0.19 0.24 6.03
Phenylalanine % 0.88 0.10 0.38 0.53 7.10
Phe + Tyr % 1.32 0.17 0.57 0.87 9.80
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 0.38 57.6 - - 0.15 72.1 0.21 85.0 7.66 95.3
Methionine % 0.37 84.1 - - 0.11 83.3 0.15 89.5 1.07 94.5
Met + Cys % 0.31 51.7 - - 0.25 83.6 0.37 86.0 1.44 90.0
Threonine % 0.35 57.4 - - 0.16 61.4 0.27 80.0 3.69 94.1
Tryptophan % - - - - 0.08 78.9 0.09 84.0 1.22 94.7
Arginine % 1.88 80.3 - - 0.29 85.7 0.42 90.2 3.17 95.4
Gly + Ser % 0.95 54.3 - - 0.58 77.8 0.82 88.0 8.31 95.5
Valine % 0.74 79.6 - - 0.28 77.6 0.44 92.7 7.16 94.5
Isoleucine
Leucine %
% 0.47
0.94 74.6
76.4 -- -- 0.25
0.50 83.8
87.2 0.37
0.75 93.5
95.5 0.33
12.15 80.8
98.3
Histidine % 0.23 63.9 - - 0.15 78.0 0.22 92.3 5.55 96.9
Phenylalanine % 0.68 77.3 - - 0.34 89.6 0.50 95.2 6.97 98.6
Phe +Tyr % 0.94 71.2 - - 0.49 86.1 0.82 94.8 9.55 98.6
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % - - - - 0.17 84.0 0.20 80.0 8.06 93.5
Methionine % - - - - 0.11 86.7 0.15 90.0 1.14 93.1
Met + Cys % - - - - 0.26 86.1 0.40 92.0 1.51 84.2
Threonine % - - - - 0.22 83.5 0.27 78.0 3.67 86.3
Tryptophan % - - - - 0.08 78.9 0.09 83.0 1.28 89.5
Arginine % - - - - 0.28 83.5 0.42 90.0 3.17 93.2
Valine % - - - - 0.32 87.8 0.41 87.0 7.34 89.6
Isoleucine % - - - - 0.26 88.2 0.35 90.0 0.27 55.8
Leucine % - - - - 0.48 83.5 0.71 91.0 11.91 96.1
Histidine % - - - - 0.16 83.5 0.21 90.0 6.03 100.0
Phenylalanine % - - - - 0.32 83.5 0.50 94.0 6.80 95.8
Phe +Tyr % - - - - 0.48 83.5 0.81 93.0 9.22 94.0
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
54 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Canola Carob
Nutrient Blood Meal Blood Plasma Casein
Meal Meal
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 83.50 71.89 37.97 8.79 84.21
Lysine % 7.55 6.54 2.01 0.28 6.94
Methionine % 1.04 0.88 0.78 0.07 2.60
Met + Cys % 1.81 3.03 1.64 - 2.97
Threonine % 4.17 4.41 1.57 0.27 3.79
Tryptophan % 1.46 1.28 0.49 0.05 1.08
Arginine % 3.44 3.89 2.32 0.43 3.07
Gly + Ser % 8.20 7.07 3.43 - 6.31
Valine % 7.35 4.90 1.84 0.54 5.66
Isoleucine % 0.69 2.26 1.56 0.26 4.61
Leucine % 10.97 6.99 2.65 0.59 7.47
Histidine % 5.09 2.16 1.01 0.12 2.43
Phenylalanine % 6.16 3.95 1.45 0.20 4.13
Phe + Tyr % 8.50 7.04 2.36 0.47 9.51
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 5.83 77.2 6.00 91.8 1.72 85.4 - - 6.64 95.7
Methionine % 0.84 80.4 0.79 89.7 0.70 90.0 - - 2.50 96.3
Met + Cys % 1.31 72.2 2.72 90.0 1.48 90.1 - - 2.84 95.6
Threonine % 3.22 77.1 3.98 90.1 1.30 83.0 - - 3.55 93.7
Tryptophan % 1.17 79.9 1.15 89.3 0.42 86.0 - - 1.05 96.9
Arginine % 2.71 78.8 3.63 93.4 2.10 90.4 - - 3.05 99.3
Gly + Ser % 6.23 76.0 5.83 82.4 2.91 85.0 - - 6.15 97.4
Valine % 5.67 77.1 4.40 89.7 1.59 86.2 - - 5.55 98.1
Isoleucine % 0.45 65.4 1.99 88.3 1.24 79.8 - - 4.52 98.1
Leucine
Histidine %
% 8.72
4.01 79.5
78.8 6.37
1.96 91.1 90.8 2.20
0.90 82.9
89.3 -- -- 7.44
2.41 99.6
99.2
Phenylalanine % 5.01 81.4 3.65 92.5 1.27 87.8 - - 4.12 99.8
Phe +Tyr % 6.89 81.0 6.75 95.8 2.02 85.7 - - 9.49 99.8
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % 5.84 77.3 6.25 95.7 1.54 76.5 - - 6.83 98.4
Methionine % 0.80 76.4 0.82 92.3 0.67 86.5 - - 2.57 98.9
Met + Cys % 1.38 76.2 2.79 92.2 1.38 84.0 - - 2.88 97.1
Threonine % 3.17 76.1 4.06 92.0 1.18 75.5 - - 3.63 95.8
Tryptophan % 1.07 73.3 1.16 90.2 0.38 77.5 - - 1.06 98.3
Arginine % 2.65 77.0 3.79 97.3 2.00 86.0 - - - -
Valine % 5.16 70.2 4.55 92.8 1.42 77.0 - - 5.43 95.9
Isoleucine % 0.55 79.9 2.06 91.5 1.22 78.0 - - 4.42 96.1
Leucine % 7.70 70.2 6.59 94.3 2.16 81.5 - - - -
Histidine % 3.74 73.6 2.08 96.2 0.85 84.5 - - - -
Phenylalanine % 4.40 71.5 3.71 93.9 1.20 82.5 - - - -
Phe +Tyr % 6.55 77.0 6.54 92.8 1.91 81.0 - - - -
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 55

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Cassava with Castor Oil
Nutrient Citrus Pulp Coconut Meal Corn Germ
Hulls Dried Plant Meal
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 2.47 39.20 6.37 21.85 10.38
Lysine % 0.09 0.78 0.17 0.58 0.45
Methionine % 0.03 0.61 0.07 0.33 0.19
Met + Cys % 0.07 1.07 0.16 0.62 0.41
Threonine % 0.07 1.13 0.18 0.67 0.39
Tryptophan % 0.02 0.58 0.05 0.18 0.11
Arginine % 0.15 3.21 0.24 2.56 0.65
Gly + Ser % 0.16 3.18 0.47 1.84 0.97
Valine % 0.11 1.78 0.25 1.12 0.50
Isoleucine % 0.09 1.75 0.19 0.77 0.33
Leucine % 0.12 2.68 0.32 1.37 0.90
Histidine % 0.08 56.00 0.17 0.44 0.31
Phenylalanine % 0.08 1.35 0.25 0.85 0.43
Phe + Tyr % 0.16 2.26 0.41 1.37 0.71
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % - - - - - - - - 0.38 85.1
Methionine % - - - - - - - - 0.17 88.3
Met + Cys % - - - - - - - - 0.35 84.3
Threonine % - - - - - - - - 0.30 76.5
Tryptophan % - - - - - - - - 0.09 87.3
Arginine % - - - - - - - - 0.62 95.3
Gly + Ser % - - - - - - - - 0.84 86.2
Valine % - - - - - - - - 0.43 85.2
Isoleucine % - - - - - - - - 0.29 85.8
Leucine
Histidine %
% -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.82
0.28 91.0
91.0
Phenylalanine % - - - - - - - - 0.39 89.5
Phe +Tyr % - - - - - - - - 0.65 91.6
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % - - - - - - - - - -
Methionine % - - - - - - - - - -
Met + Cys % - - - - - - - - - -
Threonine % - - - - - - - - - -
Tryptophan % - - - - - - - - - -
Arginine % - - - - - - - - - -
Valine % - - - - - - - - - -
Isoleucine % - - - - - - - - - -
Leucine % - - - - - - - - - -
Histidine % - - - - - - - - - -
Phenylalanine % - - - - - - - - - -
Phe +Tyr % - - - - - - - - - -
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
56 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Corn Gluten Corn Gluten
Nutrient Corn (7.29%) Corn (7.88 %) Corn (8.48 %)
Meal (21%) Meal (60%)
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 7.29 7.88 8.48 21.10 61.07
Lysine % 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.55 1.00
Methionine % 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.35 1.38
Met + Cys
Threonine %
% 0.30
0.29 0.33
0.32 0.35
0.35 0.85
0.77 2.45
2.09
Tryptophan % 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.13 0.31
Arginine % 0.35 0.37 0.39 0.87 1.96
Gly + Ser % 0.65 0.69 0.74 1.85 4.89
Valine % 0.34 0.37 0.40 1.05 2.86
Isoleucine % 0.24 0.27 0.29 0.64 2.54
Leucine % 0.87 0.94 1.01 1.87 10.61
Histidine % 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.70 1.28
Phenylalanine % 0.33 0.37 0.40 0.76 3.93
Phe + Tyr % 0.57 0.63 0.69 1.20 7.16
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 0.18 85.3 0.19 85.3 0.20 85.3 0.40 72.9 0.91 91.2
Methionine % 0.14 92.9 0.15 92.9 0.16 92.9 0.30 85.2 1.33 96.4
Met + Cys % 0.27 89.9 0.29 90.0 0.32 90.0 0.64 75.5 2.27 92.7
Threonine % 0.24 83.7 0.27 83.7 0.29 83.7 0.58 75.8 1.92 92.3
Tryptophan % 0.05 89.5 0.05 89.5 0.06 89.5 0.10 77.5 0.29 90.9
Arginine % 0.32 91.7 0.34 91.7 0.36 91.7 0.78 89.4 1.88 96.2
Gly + Ser % 0.57 87.3 0.60 87.3 0.64 87.3 1.33 72.0 4.20 85.9
Valine % 0.30 87.7 0.33 87.7 0.35 87.7 0.88 83.4 2.68 94.0
Isoleucine % 0.22 90.8 0.24 90.8 0.27 90.8 0.53 82.7 2.39 94.1
Leucine
Histidine %
% 0.83
0.20 94.9
92.3 0.90
0.21 94.9
92.3 0.96
0.23 94.9
92.3 1.68
0.58 90.0
82.8 10.35
1.19 97.5
93.5
Phenylalanine % 0.30 91.7 0.34 91.7 0.37 91.7 0.66 86.9 3.74 95.3
Phe +Tyr % 0.52 91.7 0.58 91.7 0.63 91.7 1.03 85.7 6.95 97.1
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % 0.17 79.8 0.18 79.8 0.19 79.8 0.36 65.7 0.86 85.9
Methionine % 0.13 89.2 0.14 89.2 0.15 89.2 0.29 83.4 1.28 92.5
Met + Cys % 0.27 87.7 0.29 87.7 0.31 87.7 0.63 73.5 2.24 91.4
Threonine % 0.23 81.4 0.26 81.4 0.28 81.4 0.54 70.6 1.89 90.6
Tryptophan % 0.04 80.8 0.05 80.8 0.05 80.8 0.08 65.4 0.25 80.3
Arginine % 0.32 91.4 0.34 91.4 0.36 91.4 0.75 86.0 1.85 94.4
Valine % 0.30 86.7 0.32 86.7 0.35 86.7 0.78 74.4 2.55 89.1
Isoleucine % 0.21 87.3 0.23 87.3 0.26 87.3 0.50 78.1 2.25 88.6
Leucine % 0.81 92.5 0.87 92.5 0.94 92.5 1.57 83.9 9.77 92.1
Histidine % 0.19 89.0 0.21 89.0 0.22 89.0 0.51 72.9 1.17 91.8
Phenylalanine % 0.30 90.9 0.33 90.9 0.37 90.9 0.64 84.9 3.61 91.8
Phe +Tyr % 0.51 90.1 0.57 90.1 0.62 90.1 1.01 83.5 6.55 91.4
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 57

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Corn High Corn High Corn Pre- Cottonseed Cottonseed
Nutrient
Lysine Oil Cooked Meal (30%) Meal (39%)
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 8.26 8.21 7.61 29.98 39.21
Lysine % 0.35 0.26 0.23 1.21 1.62
Methionine % 0.15 0.18 0.16 0.44 0.59
Met + Cys % 0.33 0.39 0.33 0.93 1.27
Threonine % 0.34 0.31 0.32 0.94 1.34
Tryptophan % 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.51 0.51
Arginine % 0.51 0.40 0.37 3.41 4.43
Gly + Ser % 0.82 0.79 0.69 2.46 3.57
Valine % 0.45 0.41 0.37 1.30 1.84
Isoleucine % 0.26 0.32 0.27 0.92 1.35
Leucine % 0.73 1.03 0.94 1.74 2.36
Histidine % 0.31 0.27 0.23 0.84 1.14
Phenylalanine % 0.34 0.42 0.37 1.64 2.20
Phe + Tyr % 0.57 0.71 0.63 2.35 3.27
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 0.30 86.4 0.21 81.8 0.19 85.3 0.89 73.3 1.19 73.5
Methionine % 0.13 89.9 0.16 91.4 0.15 92.9 0.33 75.5 0.47 78.9
Met + Cys % 0.28 86.0 0.34 86.7 0.29 90.0 0.63 67.7 0.94 74.3
Threonine % 0.26 77.8 0.27 87.4 0.27 83.7 0.65 77.0 0.98 73.3
Tryptophan % 0.1 90.9 0.06 81.5 0.05 89.5 0.39 69.5 0.36 70.6
Arginine % 0.47 92.2 0.37 93.3 0.34 91.7 2.50 73.3 3.96 89.4
Gly + Ser % 0.72 87.3 0.69 87.2 0.60 87.3 1.85 75.1 2.54 71.1
Valine % 0.38 85.4 0.34 82.6 0.33 87.7 0.98 75.3 1.35 73.2
Isoleucine % 0.22 84.6 0.27 84.7 0.24 90.8 0.83 90.4 0.95 70.1
Leucine
Histidine %
% 0.66
0.29 90.9
95.1 0.95
0.25 92.1 91.4 0.90
0.21 94.9
92.3 1.27
0.61 73.3
72.5 1.85
0.89 78.3
78.5
Phenylalanine % 0.30 91.0 0.37 88.1 0.34 91.7 1.28 77.9 1.89 86.0
Phe +Tyr % 0.51 90.2 0.65 91.7 0.57 91.7 1.83 77.9 2.66 81.2
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % 0.27 78.4 0.21 79.8 0.20 87.4 0.71 58.7 1.04 64.3
Methionine % 0.14 93.8 0.14 76.9 0.14 90.9 0.30 69.7 0.44 75.3
Met + Cys % 0.30 91.4 0.35 88.9 0.30 90.4 0.58 62.2 0.94 74.1
Threonine % 0.27 80.0 0.26 84.2 0.27 85.1 0.54 70.2 0.94 70.5
Tryptophan % 0.09 81.8 0.06 82.8 0.05 86.6 0.36 57.5 0.35 68.3
Arginine % 0.47 92.9 0.37 91.4 0.34 93.1 3.01 88.4 3.96 89.5
Valine % 0.38 86.4 0.36 86.7 0.33 88.7 0.86 65.7 1.37 74.4
Isoleucine % 0.22 84.6 0.28 87.8 0.24 89.9 0.58 63.1 0.98 72.3
Leucine % 0.67 92.2 0.90 87.1 0.85 90.2 1.16 66.6 1.76 74.6
Histidine % 0.28 90.0 0.24 89.0 0.21 90.1 0.69 82.1 0.88 77.4
Phenylalanine % 0.31 91.7 0.38 90.9 0.34 91.4 1.28 78.2 1.80 82.0
Phe +Tyr % 0.50 88.9 0.64 90.1 0.55 87.7 1.88 80.2 2.65 81.0
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
58 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Feather &
Feather Meal Feather Meal Fish Meal Fish Meal
Nutrient Poultry By
(75%) (84%) (54%) (61%)
Product Meal
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 74.91 83.63 65.71 54.58 61.42
Lysine % 2.32 2.41 2.84 3.40 4.33
Methionine % 0.66 0.68 0.89 1.35 1.61
Met + Cys % 3.80 4.17 2.80 2.28 2.25
Threonine % 3.66 3.84 2.81 2.30 2.55
Tryptophan % 0.55 0.60 0.56 0.47 0.59
Arginine % 5.07 5.58 4.47 3.38 3.81
Gly + Ser % 14.03 15.39 10.10 7.63 8.31
Valine % 5.56 5.97 3.86 2.82 3.04
Isoleucine % 3.56 3.85 2.82 2.24 2.49
Leucine % 6.47 6.96 4.98 3.89 4.40
Histidine % 1.07 1.14 1.18 1.08 1.32
Phenylalanine % 3.77 4.04 2.93 2.24 2.38
Phe + Tyr % 5.91 6.54 5.24 3.74 4.34
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 1.65 71.2 1.68 69.8 1.91 67.2 2.96 86.9 3.81 87.8
Methionine % 0.51 76.8 0.52 76.4 0.78 87.5 1.20 89.1 1.43 89.3
Met + Cys % 2.22 58.5 2.73 65.5 1.77 63.3 1.93 84.7 1.89 84.0
Threonine % 2.50 68.2 2.80 73.0 2.22 79.1 1.95 84.8 2.13 83.7
Tryptophan % 0.41 73.6 0.44 73.5 0.46 82.0 0.41 87.4 0.51 86.6
Arginine % 3.86 76.1 4.50 80.6 3.71 83.1 3.02 89.3 3.37 88.4
Gly + Ser % 12.24 87.2 12.21 79.3 7.88 78.0 6.56 86.0 7.23 87.0
Valine % 4.18 75.0 4.70 78.7 3.04 78.8 2.42 85.7 2.52 83.0
Isoleucine % 2.85 79.9 3.08 80.0 2.32 82.2 2.04 91.4 2.23 89.6
Leucine % 5.01 77.5 5.32 76.5 3.89 78.2 3.39 87.0 3.81 86.6
Histidine % 0.75 70.4 0.86 75.8 0.82 69.5 0.89 82.6 1.13 85.3
Phenylalanine % 3.05 80.9 3.24 80.1 2.41 82.1 1.95 87.1 2.10 88.5
Phe +Tyr % 4.41 74.7 5.36 81.9 4.23 80.7 3.10 83.1 3.82 88.0
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % 1.76 75.8 1.81 75.2 - - 2.63 77.1 3.61 83.3
Methionine % 0.49 74.7 0.54 79.3 - - 1.00 74.2 1.31 81.3
Met + Cys % 2.66 70.0 3.29 78.9 - - 1.43 62.8 1.68 74.7
Threonine % 2.88 78.7 3.21 83.6 - - 1.56 67.6 1.99 77.9
Tryptophan % 0.40 72.0 0.41 67.8 - - 0.35 73.7 0.47 80.1
Arginine % 4.44 87.7 4.83 86.5 - - 2.81 83.0 3.16 83.0
Valine % 4.37 78.6 5.01 84.0 - - 1.98 70.2 2.42 79.6
Isoleucine % 2.91 81.8 3.34 86.8 - - 1.71 76.5 2.07 83.3
Leucine % 5.14 79.4 5.88 84.4 - - 2.84 73.1 3.52 80.1
Histidine % 0.79 74.3 0.87 76.7 - - 0.79 73.5 1.06 80.7
Phenylalanine % 3.10 82.4 3.49 86.3 - - 1.65 73.6 1.92 80.6
Phe +Tyr % 4.36 73.8 5.54 84.6 - - 2.95 79.0 3.50 80.6
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 59

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Meat & bone Meat & bone Meat & bone Meat & Bone Meat & Bone
Nutrient
meal (36%) meal (38%) meal (41%) Meal (44%) Meal (46%)
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 36.31 38.48 40.83 43.50 45.87
Lysine % 1.69 1.82 1.98 2.14 2.27
Methionine % 0.46 0.48 0.56 0.56 0.58
Met + Cys % 0.68 0.74 0.87 0.92 0.98
Threonine % 0.99 1.09 1.21 1.34 1.45
Tryptophan % 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22
Arginine % 2.86 3.05 3.22 3.20 3.32
Gly + Ser % 8.14 8.27 8.46 8.63 8.82
Valine % 1.32 1.48 1.48 1.62 1.75
Isoleucine % 0.80 0.89 0.99 1.06 1.13
Leucine % 1.73 1.90 2.10 2.29 2.45
Histidine % 0.51 0.54 0.62 0.67 0.72
Phenylalanine % 1.09 1.46 1.45 1.29 1.40
Phe + Tyr % 1.60 1.71 1.86 2.05 2.15
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 1.25 73.8 1.49 82.0 1.64 83.2 1.78 83.4 1.90 83.7
Methionine % 0.29 61.5 0.38 79.1 0.42 75.9 0.44 78.4 0.47 80.9
Met + Cys % 0.43 63.9 0.56 76.0 0.65 74.7 0.71 76.8 0.77 79.0
Threonine % 0.67 67.4 0.87 79.2 0.93 76.7 1.05 78.6 1.17 80.5
Tryptophan % 0.09 64.4 0.13 82.5 0.14 80.9 0.16 79.7 0.17 78.6
Arginine % 2.25 78.6 2.61 85.7 2.66 82.7 2.63 82.1 2.71 81.6
Gly + Ser % 5.61 69.0 6.78 82.0 6.77 80.0 7.07 82.0 7.15 81.0
Valine % 0.90 68.5 1.21 81.6 1.32 89.3 1.38 85.1 1.40 80.3
Isoleucine % 0.56 70.1 0.74 83.7 0.81 82.0 0.88 82.8 0.94 83.6
Leucine % 1.25 71.9 1.62 85.2 1.75 83.7 1.90 82.8 2.01 82.0
Histidine % 0.34 66.1 0.44 81.6 0.43 70.0 0.56 83.1 0.58 80.8
Phenylalanine % 0.78 71.1 1.21 82.9 1.21 83.6 1.06 81.8 1.12 80.0
Phe +Tyr % 1.15 72.0 1.40 82.0 1.52 82.0 1.65 80.9 1.71 79.8
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % 1.22 72.4 1.36 74.9 1.47 74.6 1.61 75.4 1.73 76.3
Methionine % 0.38 80.0 0.36 75.0 0.44 78.7 0.44 79.0 0.46 79.4
Met + Cys % 0.51 77.0 0.54 73.0 0.65 75.0 0.70 76.0 0.75 77.0
Threonine % 0.74 73.0 0.80 73.6 0.93 76.5 1.03 77.0 1.13 77.5
Tryptophan % 0.11 76.0 0.11 73.0 0.14 78.0 0.16 78.6 0.17 79.1
Arginine % 2.41 83.0 2.41 79.0 2.67 83.0 2.73 85.2 2.90 87.5
Valine % 0.99 74.9 1.11 75.1 1.11 75.5 1.25 76.9 1.37 78.2
Isoleucine % 0.61 76.3 0.66 74.4 0.75 75.2 0.81 76.4 0.88 77.5
Leucine % 1.38 79.5 1.44 76.0 1.63 78.0 1.78 77.6 1.89 77.3
Histidine % 0.39 76.7 0.41 76.3 0.47 77.0 0.52 77.9 0.56 78.8
Phenylalanine % 0.86 78.3 1.11 76.3 1.16 80.1 1.03 80.0 1.11 79.8
Phe +Tyr % 1.25 78.0 1.28 75.0 1.49 80.0 1.62 79.3 1.69 78.5
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
60 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Meat & Bone Meat & Bone Meat & Bone Meat & Bone Milk Skimmed
Nutrient
Meal (48%) Meal (50%) Meal (55%) Meal (63%) Dried
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 48.01 50.36 54.74 63.17 33.10
Lysine % 2.54 2.65 2.91 3.30 2.77
Methionine % 0.65 0.67 0.77 0.92 0.88
Met + Cys
Threonine %
% 1.08
1.56 1.17
1.65 1.32
1.80 1.50
2.02 1.19
1.55
Tryptophan % 0.25 0.27 0.32 0.22 0.45
Arginine % 3.69 3.80 3.80 4.05 1.26
Gly + Ser % 8.92 9.10 9.52 9.80 2.59
Valine % 2.13 2.24 2.46 2.67 2.28
Isoleucine % 1.40 1.46 1.60 1.84 1.97
Leucine % 2.67 2.84 3.16 3.74 3.38
Histidine % 0.81 0.86 0.99 1.14 1.02
Phenylalanine % 1.22 1.42 1.70 2.08 1.70
Phe + Tyr % 2.32 2.47 2.83 3.40 3.11
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 2.10 82.7 2.17 82.0 2.35 81.0 - - - -
Methionine % 0.52 80.7 0.54 80.6 0.65 83.7 - - - -
Met + Cys % 0.85 78.5 0.92 79.0 1.07 80.8 - - - -
Threonine % 1.23 78.8 1.29 78.1 1.43 79.4 - - - -
Tryptophan % 0.20 80.9 0.22 83.3 0.24 80.2 - - - -
Arginine % 3.08 83.6 3.26 85.7 3.19 84.0 - - - -
Gly + Ser % 7.05 79.0 7.28 80.0 7.61 80.0 - - - -
Valine % 1.73 81.0 1.83 81.8 1.99 81.0 - - - -
Isoleucine % 1.17 83.3 1.21 83.1 1.32 82.6 - - - -
Leucine
Histidine %
% 2.23
0.66 83.7
81.4 2.43
0.68 85.4
79.3 2.66
0.81 84.082.0 -- -- -- --
Phenylalanine % 1.01 82.7 1.21 85.4 1.43 84.0 - - - -
Phe +Tyr % 1.91 82.4 2.10 85.0 2.38 84.0 - - - -
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % 1.98 78.2 2.12 80.1 2.35 81.0 - - 2.65 95.6
Methionine % 0.52 80.7 0.55 82.1 0.64 82.3 - - 0.84 96.0
Met + Cys % 0.84 77.4 0.91 77.7 1.04 79.0 - - 1.10 92.8
Threonine % 1.22 78.3 1.31 79.1 1.40 77.8 - - 1.41 91.2
Tryptophan % 0.20 79.6 0.22 80.0 0.26 78.9 - - 0.43 94.5
Arginine % 3.20 86.9 3.28 86.3 3.27 86.0 - - 1.19 94.2
Valine % 1.69 79.2 1.80 80.1 1.96 79.6 - - 2.08 91.2
Isoleucine % 1.11 78.9 1.17 80.4 1.30 81.4 - - 1.77 90.1
Leucine % 2.13 80.1 2.35 82.9 2.69 85.0 - - 3.27 96.7
Histidine % 0.66 80.8 0.71 82.9 0.78 79.0 - - 0.97 94.7
Phenylalanine % 0.99 81.0 1.17 82.2 1.44 85.0 - - 1.66 97.4
Phe +Tyr % 1.85 79.5 1.99 80.5 2.38 84.0 - - 3.02 97.0
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 61

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Milk Whey Milk Whey Milk Whole Palm Ouricuri
Nutrient Millet
Dried Permeate Dried Dried Meal
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 12.07 3.00 23.70 12.71 23.00
Lysine % 0.98 0.14 1.95 0.36 0.70
Methionine % 0.22 0.02 0.61 0.26 0.36
Met + Cys % 0.47 0.06 0.84 0.47 0.68
Threonine % 0.75 0.11 1.14 0.48 0.59
Tryptophan % 0.18 0.02 0.31 0.15 0.21
Arginine % 0.38 0.05 0.91 0.51 2.71
Gly + Ser % 1.15 - 1.90 1.07 1.68
Valine % 0.68 0.10 1.56 0.64 1.06
Isoleucine % 0.67 0.13 1.33 0.63 0.76
Leucine % 1.12 0.17 2.44 1.22 1.30
Histidine % 0.27 0.04 0.71 0.30 0.38
Phenylalanine % 0.42 0.05 1.22 0.59 0.92
Phe + Tyr % 0.64 0.07 2.20 0.86 1.39
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % - - - - - - 0.33 90.6 - -
Methionine % - - - - - - 0.24 92.6 - -
Met + Cys % - - - - - - 0.43 90.0 - -
Threonine % - - - - - - 0.41 85.7 - -
Tryptophan % - - - - - - 0.14 92.9 - -
Arginine % - - - - - - 0.50 96.8 - -
Gly + Ser % - - - - - - 0.91 85.2 - -
Valine % - - - - - - 0.59 90.8 - -
Isoleucine % - - - - - - 0.58 92.1 - -
Leucine % - - - - - - 1.15 94.9 - -
Histidine % - - - - - - 0.29 96.1 - -
Phenylalanine % - - - - - - 0.56 94.7 - -
Phe +Tyr % - - - - - - 0.81 93.6 - -
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % 0.89 90.8 - - 1.80 92.3 0.29 81.8 - -
Methionine % 0.20 90.9 - - 0.59 96.0 0.24 92.6 - -
Met + Cys % 0.42 90.3 - - 0.79 94.4 0.43 91.3 - -
Threonine % 0.64 85.8 - - 1.06 92.6 0.38 80.3 - -
Tryptophan % 0.15 84.4 - - 0.30 95.8 0.13 85.7 - -
Arginine % 0.35 90.9 - - 0.83 91.1 0.49 94.8 - -
Valine % 0.59 87.1 - - 1.43 91.6 0.57 88.0 - -
Isoleucine % 0.60 89.1 - - 1.19 89.6 0.55 87.3 - -
Leucine % 1.03 92.1 - - 2.36 96.9 1.09 89.8 - -
Histidine % 0.24 91.5 - - 0.68 95.9 0.28 94.6 - -
Phenylalanine % 0.38 90.4 - - 1.19 97.7 0.53 90.0 - -
Phe +Tyr % 0.58 89.8 - - 2.15 97.5 0.77 89.6 - -
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
62 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Pasta Poultry By
Passion Fruit Poultry By
Nutrient Spaghetty Peanut Meal Product Meal
Pulp Dried Product Meal
Residue High Fat
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 12.42 12.30 47.77 57.68 55.30
Lysine % 0.26 0.25 1.57 3.33 3.09
Methionine % 0.30 0.19 0.52 1.10 1.06
Met + Cys % 0.50 0.47 1.11 1.95 1.84
Threonine % 0.33 0.34 1.26 2.36 2.16
Tryptophan % - 0.13 0.58 0.54 0.52
Arginine % 1.50 0.47 5.31 4.09 3.90
Gly + Ser % 1.10 0.99 4.95 8.41 7.75
Valine % 0.43 0.50 1.95 2.93 2.67
Isoleucine % 0.31 0.42 1.64 2.31 2.07
Leucine % 0.65 0.82 3.07 4.10 3.89
Histidine % 0.25 0.27 1.12 1.10 1.07
Phenylalanine % 0.85 0.56 2.37 2.39 2.24
Phe + Tyr % 1.05 0.85 4.18 3.99 3.71
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 0.18 71.9 0.22 86.1 1.22 78.0 2.67 80.0 2.47 80.0
Methionine % 0.27 89.5 0.18 91.5 0.45 87.0 0.92 83.9 0.89 83.9
Met + Cys % 0.28 56.5 0.43 92.7 0.92 83.0 1.53 78.5 1.44 78.5
Threonine % 0.20 59.2 0.26 78.8 1.06 84.0 1.85 78.4 1.69 78.4
Tryptophan % - - 0.12 92.3 0.50 86.0 0.42 78.3 0.41 78.3
Arginine % 1.41 93.9 0.45 95.4 4.73 89.0 3.59 87.9 3.43 87.9
Gly + Ser % - - 0.88 89.6 4.03 82.0 6.45 76.7 5.95 76.7
Valine % 0.33 75.8 0.45 88.9 1.72 88.0 2.41 82.2 2.19 82.2
Isoleucine % 0.24 78.2 0.39 92.2 1.43 87.0 1.92 83.5 1.73 83.5
Leucine % 0.53 82.4 0.75 90.8 2.76 90.0 3.40 82.9 3.23 82.9
Histidine % 0.20 80.0 0.24 88.8 1.00 89.0 0.78 71.0 0.76 71.0
Phenylalanine % 0.78 91.6 0.54 95.4 2.16 91.0 2.03 84.9 1.90 84.9
Phe +Tyr % 0.92 88.0 0.80 93.8 3.80 91.0 3.39 84.8 3.15 84.8
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % - - - - 1.24 79.0 2.48 74.5 2.30 74.5
Methionine % - - - - 0.44 84.0 0.87 78.7 0.83 78.7
Met + Cys % - - - - 0.92 82.7 1.42 72.8 1.34 72.8
Threonine % - - - - 1.05 83.7 1.83 77.3 1.67 77.3
Tryptophan % - - - - 0.49 84.7 0.41 76.6 0.40 76.6
Arginine % - - - - 5.04 95.0 3.50 85.5 3.34 85.5
Valine % - - - - 1.71 87.7 2.08 71.2 1.90 71.2
Isoleucine % - - - - 1.46 89.0 1.76 76.2 1.58 76.2
Leucine % - - - - 2.78 90.7 3.13 76.2 2.97 76.2
Histidine % - - - - 0.98 87.1 0.88 79.5 0.85 79.5
Phenylalanine % - - - - 2.20 92.7 1.84 77.2 1.73 77.2
Phe +Tyr % - - - - 3.87 92.7 3.06 76.5 2.84 76.5
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 63

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Rice Rice Bran Sorghum High Sorghum Low
Nutrient Rice Broken
Bran Defatted Tannin Tannin
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 13.13 15.29 8.50 8.94 8.97
Lysine % 0.63 0.69 0.29 0.20 0.20
Methionine % 0.26 0.31 0.21 0.15 0.15
Met + Cys
Threonine % 0.52
0.49 0.59
0.57 0.39
0.28 0.32
0.31 0.30
0.29
Tryptophan % 0.16 0.19 0.11 0.09 0.10
Arginine % 0.98 1.12 0.60 0.35 0.35
Gly + Ser % 1.33 1.52 0.75 0.71 0.68
Valine % 0.70 0.81 0.45 0.47 0.45
Isoleucine % 0.46 0.53 0.35 0.37 0.36
Leucine % 0.94 1.09 0.69 1.20 1.19
Histidine % 0.34 0.40 0.19 0.21 0.20
Phenylalanine % 0.60 0.69 0.39 0.51 0.47
Phe + Tyr % 0.99 1.08 0.77 0.96 0.79
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 0.49 77.4 0.54 77.4 0.24 81.7 0.14 72.7 0.17 84.8
Methionine % 0.20 78.2 0.25 78.2 0.17 79.1 0.11 75.0 0.13 88.8
Met + Cys % 0.38 73.0 0.43 73.0 0.26 68.3 0.22 69.7 0.26 86.2
Threonine % 0.35 72.5 0.42 72.5 0.21 75.7 0.21 69.7 0.25 88.9
Tryptophan % 0.12 76.3 0.14 76.3 0.09 78.6 0.06 66.7 0.09 85.4
Arginine % 0.85 86.4 0.97 86.4 0.53 88.1 0.26 73.7 0.31 89.0
Gly + Ser % 1.10 83.3 1.27 83.3 0.52 70.0 - - 0.57 84.0
Valine % 0.53 76.4 0.62 76.4 0.35 78.8 0.35 73.6 0.41 89.7
Isoleucine % 0.34 75.0 0.40 75.0 0.28 79.5 0.27 74.4 0.33 91.0
Leucine
Histidine %
% 0.71
0.28 75.4
83.7 0.82
0.33 75.483.7 0.57
0.14 81.7
74.5 0.68
0.12 56.7
59.1 1.12
0.18 93.8
87.7
Phenylalanine % 0.44 73.6 0.51 73.6 0.30 76.8 0.39 77.1 0.45 95.0
Phe +Tyr % 0.78 78.7 0.85 78.7 0.60 78.5 0.72 74.7 0.76 95.3
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % 0.46 72.6 0.50 72.6 0.26 88.2 0.14 72.7 0.16 79.4
Methionine % 0.18 72.3 0.23 72.3 0.19 88.0 0.12 81.3 0.13 86.4
Met + Cys % 0.36 70.6 0.41 70.6 0.33 85.0 0.23 72.7 0.25 84.2
Threonine % 0.35 72.4 0.42 72.4 0.24 85.9 0.23 75.8 0.24 82.4
Tryptophan % 0.11 70.0 0.13 70.0 0.09 87.0 0.07 77.8 0.08 81.9
Arginine % 0.85 85.9 0.97 85.9 0.57 94.6 0.24 68.4 0.30 86.6
Valine % 0.51 73.5 0.60 73.5 0.40 89.7 0.37 79.2 0.38 85.2
Isoleucine % 0.33 72.4 0.39 72.4 0.32 91.0 0.30 81.4 0.32 87.4
Leucine % 0.69 73.9 0.81 73.9 0.64 92.2 1.02 85.1 1.05 88.1
Histidine % 0.29 84.8 0.34 84.8 0.17 92.3 0.17 81.8 0.17 83.0
Phenylalanine % 0.44 72.1 0.50 72.1 0.35 90.3 0.42 83.3 0.42 88.5
Phe +Tyr % 0.74 75.2 0.81 75.2 0.69 89.0 0.80 83.5 0.70 88.3
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
64 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Soybean Part. Soybean Part.
Soybean Full- Soybean Full- Soybean Full-
Nutrient Defatted Defatted
Fat Extruded Fat Toasted Fat Micronized
Extruded Toasted
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 36.42 36.42 39.14 40.07 40.07
Lysine % 2.26 2.26 2.43 2.48 2.48
Methionine % 0.51 0.51 0.58 0.56 0.56
Met + Cys
Threonine %
% 1.04
1.46 1.04
1.46 1.11
1.50 1.15
1.60 1.15
1.60
Tryptophan % 0.55 0.55 0.51 0.60 0.60
Arginine % 2.68 2.68 3.06 2.95 2.95
Gly + Ser % 3.34 3.34 3.67 3.68 3.68
Valine % 1.75 1.75 1.96 1.93 1.93
Isoleucine % 1.68 1.68 1.87 1.84 1.84
Leucine % 2.79 2.79 3.11 3.07 3.07
Histidine % 0.96 0.96 1.12 1.06 1.06
Phenylalanine % 1.87 1.87 2.09 2.05 2.05
Phe + Tyr % 3.14 3.14 3.42 3.46 3.46
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 2.04 90.4 1.96 86.8 2.26 93.1 2.24 90.4 2.15 86.8
Methionine % 0.46 89.6 0.45 86.8 0.53 92.2 0.51 89.6 0.49 86.8
Met + Cys % 0.90 86.0 0.87 83.6 0.97 87.0 0.99 86.0 0.96 83.6
Threonine % 1.27 87.4 1.22 83.6 1.31 87.2 1.40 87.4 1.34 83.6
Tryptophan % 0.50 90.3 0.47 84.9 0.47 92.2 0.54 90.3 0.51 84.9
Arginine % 2.51 93.6 2.45 91.4 2.86 93.3 2.76 93.6 2.69 91.4
Gly + Ser % 3.01 90.0 2.94 88.0 3.30 90.0 3.31 90.0 3.24 88.0
Valine % 1.56 88.8 1.47 84.2 1.74 88.9 1.71 88.8 1.62 84.2
Isoleucine % 1.51 89.8 1.46 86.8 1.71 91.4 1.66 89.8 1.60 86.8
Leucine % 2.52 90.2 2.43 86.9 2.87 92.2 2.77 90.2 2.67 86.9
Histidine % 0.87 91.0 0.86 89.7 1.04 93.7 0.96 91.0 0.95 89.7
Phenylalanine % 1.67 89.7 1.64 87.7 1.93 92.3 1.84 89.7 1.80 87.7
Phe +Tyr % 2.81 89.4 2.77 88.0 3.27 95.5 3.09 89.4 3.04 88.0
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % 2.01 89.3 1.83 81.3 2.26 92.8 2.22 89.3 2.02 81.3
Methionine % 0.45 88.2 0.41 79.8 0.54 94.0 0.50 88.2 0.45 79.8
Met + Cys % 0.90 86.0 0.82 78.3 1.00 89.6 0.99 86.0 0.90 78.3
Threonine % 1.26 86.6 1.14 78.2 1.28 85.1 1.39 86.6 1.25 78.2
Tryptophan % 0.47 85.0 0.45 82.1 0.43 85.1 0.51 85.0 0.50 82.1
Arginine % 2.49 93.0 2.28 85.1 2.91 95.3 2.74 93.0 2.51 85.1
Valine % 1.52 86.7 1.34 76.3 1.74 88.8 1.67 86.7 1.47 76.3
Isoleucine % 1.47 87.8 1.29 77.0 1.71 91.4 1.62 87.8 1.42 77.0
Leucine % 2.47 88.6 2.16 77.4 2.82 90.7 2.72 88.6 2.38 77.4
Histidine % 0.88 91.1 0.79 82.6 1.04 93.3 0.96 91.1 0.87 82.6
Phenylalanine % 1.67 89.2 1.47 78.9 1.91 91.4 1.83 89.2 1.62 78.9
Phe +Tyr % 2.82 89.8 2.48 79.0 3.14 91.9 3.10 89.8 2.73 79.0
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 65

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Soybean Soybean Meal Soybean Meal Soybean Meal Soybean Meal
Nutrient
Hulls (44%) (45%) (46%) (48%)
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 13.88 44.28 45.22 46.13 48.10
Lysine % 0.88 2.74 2.79 2.83 2.93
Methionine % 0.17 0.60 0.60 0.61 0.65
Met + Cys % 0.39 1.27 1.28 1.30 1.36
Threonine % 0.51 1.76 1.78 1.81 1.87
Tryptophan % 0.14 0.63 0.63 0.64 0.67
Arginine % 0.83 3.29 3.34 3.38 3.47
Gly + Ser % 1.73 4.38 4.46 4.54 4.74
Valine % 0.66 2.18 2.21 2.24 2.31
Isoleucine % 0.57 2.10 2.12 2.14 2.26
Leucine % 0.95 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.66
Histidine % 0.37 1.19 1.20 1.22 1.25
Phenylalanine % 0.58 2.32 2.36 2.39 2.46
Phe + Tyr % 1.08 3.93 4.01 4.08 4.20
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 0.54 62.1 2.53 92.2 2.57 92.2 2.61 92.2 2.71 92.5
Methionine % 0.11 65.7 0.55 91.7 0.55 91.7 0.56 91.7 0.60 92.5
Met + Cys % 0.19 49.4 1.11 87.7 1.13 87.7 1.14 87.7 1.22 89.8
Threonine % 0.24 47.1 1.55 88.3 1.57 88.3 1.60 88.3 1.65 88.7
Tryptophan % 0.06 43.5 0.57 90.8 0.58 90.8 0.58 90.8 0.61 90.9
Arginine % 0.65 78.2 3.12 94.9 3.17 94.9 3.21 94.9 3.26 93.8
Gly + Ser % 0.77 44.8 3.90 89.0 3.97 89.0 4.04 89.0 4.23 89.2
Valine % 0.38 57.0 1.94 89.2 1.97 89.2 1.99 89.2 2.08 90.1
Isoleucine % 0.34 59.6 1.90 90.6 1.92 90.6 1.94 90.6 2.05 90.8
Leucine
Histidine % 0.59
0.18 62.6
49.4 3.14
1.11 91.1 92.9 3.19
1.12 91.1
92.9 3.23
1.13 91.1
92.9 3.40
1.14 92.9
91.2
Phenylalanine % 0.37 63.4 2.14 92.6 2.18 92.6 2.22 92.6 2.31 93.8
Phe +Tyr % 0.67 62.7 3.66 93.0 3.73 93.0 3.79 93.0 3.86 91.9
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % 0.53 60.0 2.50 91.2 2.54 91.2 2.58 91.2 2.67 91.2
Methionine % 0.12 71.0 0.55 92.2 0.56 92.2 0.56 92.2 0.60 92.1
Met + Cys % 0.26 66.0 1.14 90.2 1.16 90.2 1.17 90.2 1.23 90.5
Threonine % 0.31 61.0 1.53 87.2 1.55 87.2 1.58 87.2 1.63 87.4
Tryptophan % 0.09 63.0 0.56 89.0 0.57 89.0 0.57 89.0 0.61 89.9
Arginine % 0.70 84.0 3.14 95.5 3.19 95.5 3.23 95.5 3.30 95.0
Valine % 0.40 61.0 1.93 88.8 1.96 88.8 1.99 88.8 2.06 89.1
Isoleucine % 0.39 68.0 1.88 89.5 1.90 89.5 1.92 89.5 2.03 89.8
Leucine % 0.67 70.0 3.11 90.4 3.16 90.4 3.21 90.4 3.31 90.5
Histidine % 0.22 58.0 1.09 91.1 1.10 91.1 1.11 91.1 1.14 91.4
Phenylalanine % 0.42 72.0 2.09 90.2 2.12 90.2 2.16 90.2 2.23 90.6
Phe +Tyr % 0.74 69.0 3.51 89.2 3.57 89.2 3.64 89.2 3.78 90.0
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
66 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Soybean
Sunflower Sweet Potato Swine By
Nutrient Protein Triticale
Meal Dried Product Meal
Concentrate
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 63.07 30.22 3.87 47.00 12.23
Lysine % 4.07 0.95 0.11 2.60 0.41
Methionine % 0.92 0.62 0.05 0.74 0.20
Met + Cys
Threonine %
% 1.88
2.59 1.10
1.04 0.09
0.12 1.12
1.88 0.49
0.37
Tryptophan % 0.87 0.39 0.05 0.23 0.14
Arginine % 5.21 2.25 0.11 3.61 0.61
Gly + Ser % 6.07 2.80 0.56 8.40 1.13
Valine % 3.16 1.39 0.14 2.22 0.46
Isoleucine % 3.00 1.16 0.12 1.42 0.43
Leucine % 5.07 1.74 0.17 3.47 0.80
Histidine % 1.72 0.67 0.15 1.02 0.31
Phenylalanine % 3.37 1.26 0.14 1.82 0.56
Phe + Tyr % 5.73 1.94 0.21 2.87 0.86
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 3.77 92.8 0.78 82.2 - - 2.24 86.1 0.34 83.9
Methionine % 0.85 91.9 0.56 91.1 - - 0.65 87.2 0.18 90.0
Met + Cys % 1.69 90.0 0.94 85.7 - - 0.95 84.5 0.40 82.4
Threonine % 2.29 88.6 0.86 83.0 - - 1.56 82.8 0.31 83.0
Tryptophan % 0.80 91.8 0.33 85.0 - - 0.20 86.0 0.13 89.3
Arginine % 5.02 96.5 2.06 91.8 - - 3.21 89.1 0.56 92.6
Gly + Ser % 5.52 91.0 2.24 80.2 - - 7.14 85.0 0.98 86.5
Valine % 2.85 90.1 1.23 88.4 - - 1.97 88.9 0.39 85.8
Isoleucine % 2.75 91.4 1.04 89.6 - - 1.26 88.4 0.38 88.1
Leucine % 4.68 92.4 1.55 89.1 - - 3.09 89.1 0.70 87.8
Histidine % 1.61 93.8 0.58 86.9 - - 0.85 82.8 0.28 88.9
Phenylalanine % 3.10 92.2 1.13 90.0 - - 1.62 88.9 0.50 89.4
Phe +Tyr % 5.28 92.2 1.73 89.1 - - 2.53 88.1 0.73 84.9
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % 3.78 93.0 0.74 78.3 0.06 58.3 1.97 75.9 0.33 81.3
Methionine % 0.84 91.0 0.56 90.7 0.03 60.0 0.61 82.0 0.18 90.0
Met + Cys % 1.70 90.5 0.94 85.8 0.05 54.5 0.89 80.0 0.43 88.7
Threonine % 2.33 90.0 0.82 79.1 0.05 45.5 1.55 82.4 0.30 80.0
Tryptophan % 0.78 90.0 0.32 82.6 0.03 50.0 0.18 78.0 0.11 82.1
Arginine % 5.05 97.0 2.09 93.1 - - 2.97 82.5 0.54 88.9
Valine % 2.87 91.0 1.13 81.3 0.08 53.8 1.82 81.8 0.39 84.7
Isoleucine % 2.79 93.0 0.96 83.2 0.06 53.8 1.17 82.4 0.38 87.9
Leucine % 4.71 93.0 1.47 84.1 - - 2.86 82.5 0.70 87.8
Histidine % 1.64 95.0 0.56 82.5 - - 0.53 52.2 0.26 85.2
Phenylalanine % 3.16 94.0 1.10 87.0 - - 1.49 81.6 0.50 89.4
Phe +Tyr % 3.78 93.5 1.69 87.1 - - 2.34 81.6 0.75 87.7
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 67

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Wheat Bran-
Nutrient Wheat Wheat Flour Wheat Germ Wheat Shorts
Midds
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 11.70 15.62 12.26 28.29 17.52
Lysine % 0.35 0.62 0.30 1.75 0.73
Methionine % 0.20 0.24 0.20 0.49 0.27
Met + Cys
Threonine % 0.49
0.37 0.58
0.51 0.49
0.35 0.91
1.04 0.61
0.58
Tryptophan % 0.15 0.24 0.14 0.3 0.2
Arginine % 0.61 1.05 0.52 2.07 1.22
Gly + Ser % 1.17 1.39 1.04 2.39 0.94
Valine % 0.55 0.72 0.50 1.35 0.81
Isoleucine % 0.45 0.50 0.48 0.92 0.56
Leucine % 0.87 0.95 0.85 1.70 1.08
Histidine % 0.31 0.43 0.28 0.67 0.46
Phenylalanine % 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.99 0.69
Phe + Tyr % 0.91 0.97 0.88 1.67 1.09
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 0.29 82.1 0.47 75.5 0.28 93.2 1.64 93.8 0.60 81.8
Methionine % 0.18 89.4 0.18 73.9 0.19 95.2 0.46 94.4 0.22 81.6
Met + Cys % 0.43 87.8 0.43 74.6 0.46 93.6 0.83 91.6 0.50 81.4
Threonine % 0.30 81.4 0.37 72.1 0.30 87.1 0.91 88.3 0.46 79.3
Tryptophan % 0.13 85.2 0.19 80.0 0.13 92.9 0.26 86.7 0.17 85
Arginine % 0.55 90.4 0.93 88.0 0.50 96.4 1.96 94.6 1.12 92.3
Gly + Ser % 1.01 86.0 0.97 70.0 0.97 93.0 - - - -
Valine % 0.47 85.8 0.52 72.4 0.46 92.8 1.21 89.6 0.66 82.0
Isoleucine % 0.40 88.6 0.37 74.9 0.46 95.0 0.84 91.5 0.46 83.5
Leucine
Histidine %
% 0.78
0.27 89.4
87.4 0.73
0.34 76.8 80.3 0.80
0.26 94.3
94.2 1.56
0.63 91.5
93.7 0.92
0.40 85.2
86.8
Phenylalanine % 0.54 89.9 0.47 78.6 0.56 93.3 0.90 91.1 0.61 87.8
Phe +Tyr % 0.81 89.1 0.77 79.2 0.81 92.4 1.53 91.7 0.94 87.1
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % 0.29 82.7 0.46 74.6 0.28 92.0 1.52 86.9 0.54 73.6
Methionine % 0.18 89.5 0.20 81.8 0.19 95.0 0.44 89.8 0.22 80.0
Met + Cys % 0.44 89.4 0.46 79.2 0.46 93.0 0.75 82.6 0.45 74.1
Threonine % 0.31 83.6 0.37 71.4 0.32 90.0 0.80 77.5 0.41 71.7
Tryptophan % 0.13 86.5 0.18 75.0 0.13 91.0 0.22 73.3 0.15 75
Arginine % 0.53 87.6 0.93 88.7 0.50 96.0 1.93 93.1 1.04 85.7
Valine % 0.47 86.0 0.55 76.1 0.46 92.0 1.11 82.4 0.62 77.2
Isoleucine % 0.40 89.0 0.38 76.8 0.45 94.0 0.75 82.4 0.43 77.8
Leucine % 0.78 89.6 0.75 78.6 0.81 95.0 1.43 84.0 0.86 80.0
Histidine % 0.28 89.4 0.36 84.1 0.27 96.0 0.62 92.2 0.37 81.4
Phenylalanine % 0.55 91.8 0.49 81.8 0.58 96.0 0.85 86.0 0.56 81.4
Phe +Tyr % 0.83 90.8 0.77 79.0 0.84 95.0 1.46 87.6 0.86 79.6
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
68 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.07 - Total and Digestible Amino Acid Content of


Feedstuffs for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Nutrient Wheat Screenings Yeast Alcohol Distillery Yeast Brewery
Total Amino Acid
Value¹ Value¹ Value¹
Crude Protein % 13.61 37.20 41.80
Lysine % 0.46 2.99 3.54
Methionine % 0.21 0.61 0.69
Met + Cys % 0.50 0.89 1.05
Threonine % 0.42 2.14 2.31
Tryptophan % 0.17 0.48 0.51
Arginine % 0.67 1.75 2.14
Gly + Ser % 1.22 3.77 4.20
Valine % 0.60 2.24 2.36
Isoleucine % 0.48 1.92 2.45
Leucine % 0.89 2.69 3.16
Histidine % 0.32 0.83 0.96
Phenylalanine % 0.55 1.64 1.84
Phe + Tyr % 0.89 2.53 3.05
True Digestible Amino Acid – Poultry
Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.² Value¹ Coef.²
Lysine % 0.38 83.5 2.11 70.6 2.57 72.5
Methionine % 0.18 86.9 0.35 57.5 0.42 60.7
Met + Cys % 0.45 89.8 0.43 49.0 0.51 49.0
Threonine % 0.38 90.4 1.07 49.8 1.23 53.4
Tryptophan % 0.15 90.5 0.26 53.6 0.30 58.7
Arginine % 0.66 98.5 1.25 71.5 1.59 74.5
Gly + Ser % 1.05 86.0 2.41 64.0 2.70 64.4
Valine % 0.52 87.3 1.26 56.3 1.48 63.0
Isoleucine % 0.43 90.4 1.04 54.3 1.59 65.0
Leucine % 0.81 91.2 1.53 57.0 2.14 67.9
Histidine % 0.26 80.6 0.47 56.8 0.65 67.8
Phenylalanine % 0.52 94.5 0.84 51.2 1.30 70.3
Phe +Tyr % 0.84 94.6 1.29 51.1 2.14 70.3
True Digestible Amino Acid – Swine
Lysine % - - 2.48 83.0 2.94 83.0
Methionine % - - 0.47 77.1 0.53 77.1
Met + Cys % - - 0.64 72.5 0.76 72.5
Threonine % - - 1.51 70.4 1.62 70.4
Tryptophan % - - 0.38 78.4 0.40 78.4
Arginine % - - 1.47 83.8 1.79 83.8
Valine % - - 1.63 72.7 1.71 72.7
Isoleucine % - - 1.43 74.6 1.83 74.6
Leucine % - - 2.03 75.7 2.39 75.7
Histidine % - - 0.67 80.5 0.77 80.5
Phenylalanine % - - 1.21 74.2 1.37 74.2
Phe +Tyr % - - 1.98 78.3 2.39 78.3
¹ Amino Acid Content ² Digestibility Coefficient.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 69

Table 1.08 - Composition, Digestibility, and Energy Values of


Crystalline Amino Acids for Poultry (on Dry Matter
Basis)

Protein True Gross True Dig. Energy and


Amino acid Nitrogen
(N x 6.25) Digestibility1 Energy Met. Energy
(%) (%) (%) (kcal/kg) TDE-(kcal/kg)-TMEn2
Alanine 16.39 102.45 99.7 4,389 4,376 3,029

Arginine 29.90 186.60 100 4,492 4,492 2,863


Aspartic acid 10.30 64.36 99.7 2,854 2,854 1,998
Cystine 11.90 74.40 97.2 4,325 4,204 3,226
Phenylalanine 8.21 51.32 98.1 6,932 6,800 6,125
Glycine 19.00 118.75 97.0 3,163 3,068 1,506
Glutamic acid 9.09 56.80 99.4 3,686 3,664 2,917
Histidine 23.83 148.90 99.0 4,036 3,996 2,037
Isoleucine 11.01 68.78 100 6,605 6,605 5,700
Leucine 10.98 68.63 99.5 6,714 6,680 5,777
Lysine - HCL 13.73 85.81 99.8 4,901 4,891 3,762
Methionine 9.50 59.38 99.2 5,684 5,639 4,858
Proline 11.28 70.51 99.1 5,065 5,019 4,092
Tyrosine 7.80 48.75 99.6 3,860 3,845 2,994
Threonine 12.50 78.09 98.1 4,173 4,094 3,067
Tryptophan 13.71 85.64 99.3 6,506 6,461 5,334
Valine 12.59 78.68 100 6,026 6,026 4,991
1
2
Determined with cecectomized cockerels and broiler chicks (ileal digestibility).
Considering nitrogen conversion into uric acid, except for arginine into urea.
70 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.09 - Composition, Digestibility, and Energy Values of


Crystalline Amino Acids for Swine (on Dry Matter
Basis)

Protein True Gross True Dig. Energy and


Amino acid Nitrogen
(N x 6.25) Digestibility1 Energy Met. Energy
(%) (%) (%) (kcal/kg) TDE-(kcal/kg)-TME 2
Alanine 16.39 102.45 92.0 4,389 4,038 3,725

Arginine 29.90 186.60 95.5 4,492 4,290 3,720


Aspartic acid 10.30 64.36 93.5 2,854 2,669 2,473
Cystine 11.90 74.40 92.4 4,325 3,996 3,769
Phenylalanine 8.21 51.32 95.2 6,932 6,599 6,442
Glycine 19.00 118.75 97.0 3,163 3,068 2,706
Glutamic acid 9.09 56.80 99.2 3,686 3,657 3,484
Histidine 23.83 148.90 100.0 4,036 4,036 3,581
Isoleucine 11.01 68.78 97.1 6,605 6,414 6,204
Leucine 10.98 68.63 95.4 6,714 6,405 6,196
Lysine - HCL 13.73 85.81 98.1 4,901 4,808 4,599
Methionine 9.50 59.38 99.5 5,684 5,656 5,475
Proline 11.28 70.51 99.0 5,065 5,014 4,799
Tyrosine 7.80 48.75 98.0 5,990 5,870 5,721
Threonine 12.50 78.09 96.8 4,173 4,040 3,802
Tryptophan 13.71 85.64 99.0 6,506 6,441 6,180
Valine 12.59 78.68 95.5 6,026 5,755 5,069
1 Determined in pigs cannulated at the terminal ileum.
2
Considering the conversion of 35% of nitrogen into urea.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 71

Table 1.10 - Equation to Estimate Corn and Sorghum Amino Acid


Content as Function of Crude Protein
1.- Determine feedstuff crude protein. 2.- Use the equation to estimate the sum
of amino acids (AAs). 3.- Calculate the content (%) of each amino acid
considering its percentage in the sum.

CP: Crude Protein;


AA sum=Lys + Met + Met+Cys + Thr + Trp + Arg + Gly+Ser + Val + Iso+Leu+His+ Phe+ Phe+Tyr
2
Eq. Corn: Y(AA Sum, %)= 0.3468 + 0.5757 (%CP); R = 0.71; n=428
2
Eq. Sorghum: Y(AA Sum, %)= 1.0723 + 0.4977 (CP); R = 0.75; n=118

Corn Low Tannin Sorghum


E.g.
Am in o A ci ds % AA in E.g. Corn % AA in
Sorghum
the Sum 7.1% CP the Sum
8.15% CP
Sum of AAs, % 100 4.434 100 5.128
Lysine, % 4.570 0.203 3.593 0.184
Methionine, % 3.200 0.142 2.709 0.139
Met+Cys, % 6.611 0.293 5.426 0.278
Threonine, % 6.388 0.283 5.273 0.270
Tryptophan, % 1.154 0.051 1.846 0.095
Arginine, % 7.430 0.329 6.334 0.325
Glic+Ser, % 13.974 0.620 12.305 0.631
Valine, % 7.534 0.334 8.123 0.417
Isoleucine, % 5.384 0.239 6.492 0.333
Leucine, % 19.033 0.844 21.476 1.101
Histidine, % 4.663 0.207 3.660 0.188
Phenylalanine, % 7.406 0.328 8.455 0.434
Phe+Tyr, % 12.653 0.561 14.308 0.734

Example for Lysine:

Corn Determined CP: 7.10 %


Y(AA sum)= 0.3468 + 0.5757 (7.10)= 4.434%
Calculation: 4.570 x 4.434 / 100 = 0.203 % Lysine

Sorghum Determin ed CP: 8.15 %


Y(AA sum)= 1.0723 + 0.4977 (8.15)= 5.128%
Calculation: 3.593 x 5.128 / 100 = 0.184 % Lysine
72 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.11 - Equation to Estimate Soybean Amino Acid Content


as Function of Crude Protein
1.- Determine feedstuff crude protein. 2.- Use the equation to estimate the sum
of amino acids (AAs). 3.- Calculate the content (%) of each amino acid
considering its percentage in the sum.

CP: Crude Protein;


AA sum=Lys + Met + Met+Cys + Thr + Trp + Arg + Gly+Ser + Val + Iso +Leu+His+Phe+ Phe+Tyr

Eq. Soybea ns (ful l fat and meal): Y(sum)= -0.3850 + 0.6750(%CP) R 2=0.93; n=299

Full-Fat
Soybean (FFS)
Soyb ean Meal (SBM)
% AA in
Am in o A ci ds
the Sum E.g. FFS E.g. SBM E.g. SBM
35.1% CP 43.7% CP 47.22% CP
Sum of AAs,% 100 23.307 29.112 31.488
Lysine, % 9.256 2.157 2.695 2.915
Methionine, % 2.025 0.472 0.590 0.638
Met+Cys, % 4.256 0.992 1.239 1.340
Threonine, % 5.924 1.381 1.725 1.865
Tryptophan, % 2.142 0.499 0.624 0.674
Arginine, % 11.036 2.572 3.213 3.475
Glic+Ser, % 14.565 3.395 4.240 4.586
Valine, % 7.283 1.697 2.120 2.293
Isoleucine, % 7.008 1.633 2.040 2.207
Leucine, % 11.563 2.695 3.366 3.641
Histidine, % %
Phenylalanine, 3.976
7.771 0.927
1.811 1.157
2.262 1.252
2.447
Phe+Tyr, % 13.196 3.076 3.842 4.155

Example for Lysine:

Full-Fat Soybean Determined CP: 35.1%


Y(AA sum)= - 0.3850 + 0.6750 (35.1) = 23.307%
Calculation: 9.256 x 23.307 / 100 = 2.157% Lysine

Soybean Meal Determined CP: 43.7%


Y(AA sum)= - 0.3850 + 0.6750 (43.7) = 29.112%
Calculation: 9.256 x 29.112 / 100 = 2.695% Lysine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 73

Table 1.12 - Equation to Estimate Amino Acid Content as a


Function of Crude Protein, Fat and Ash in Meat and
Bone Meal
1.- Determine feedstuff crude protein, fat and ash. 2.- Use the equation to
estimate the sum of amino acids (AAs). 3.- Calculate the content (%) of each
amino acid considering its percentage in the sum.

MBM: Meat and Bone Meal; CP: Crude Protein; F: Fat; Ash: Ash
AA Sum=Lys + Met + Met+Cys + Thr + Trp + Arg + Gly+Ser + Val+Iso+Leu+His+Phe + Phe+Tyr
Eq. 1: Meat and Bone Meal with 35 to 39.5% CP; n=92
Y(AA Sum)= 16.321+0.43212(CP) - 0.00509(F)- 0.2369(Ash); R2= 0.55

Eq. 2: Meat and B one Meal 39.6 a 46.9 5% CP; n=490


Y(AA Sum)= 23.6964+0.27763(CP) - 0.12017(F)- 0.2254(Ash); R2=0.58

Eq. 3: Meat and Bone Meal 46.96 a 60.10% CP; n=337


Y(AA Sum)= 14.7955+0.4338(CP) - 0.1440(F) - 0.13787(Ash); R2= 0.72

MBM Eq. 1 MBM Eq. 2 MBM Eq. 3


37.30%CP 41.80%CP 49.57%CP
Ami no Aci ds % AA % AA % AA
11.85% F 11.58% F 12.41% F
Sum 41.79%Ash Sum 39.59%Ash Sum 33.47%Ash
Sum of AAs,% 100 22.479 100 24.986 100 29.897
Lysine, % 7.693 1.729 8.188 2.046 8.678 2.594
Methionine, % 2.060 0.463 2.159 0.539 2.226 0.666
Met+Cys, % 3.126 0.703 3.534 0.883 3.798 1.135
Threonine,
Tryptophan,%% 4.586
0.651 1.031
0.146 5.131
0.774 1.282
0.193 5.387
0.884 1.611
0.264
Arginine, % 12.965 2.914 12.435 3.107 12.345 3.691
Glic+Ser, % 35.715 8.028 33.148 8.282 29.861 8.928
Valine, % 6.178 1.389 6.213 1.552 7.328 2.191
Isoleucine, % 3.721 0.836 4.077 1.019 4.785 1.431
Leucine, % 7.983 1.794 8.765 2.190 9.258 2.768
Histidine, % 2.312 0.520 2.569 0.642 2.827 0.845
Phenyl, % 5.770 1.297 5.238 1.309 4.531 1.355
Phe+Tyr, % 7.241 1.628 7.769 1.941 8.093 2.420

Example for Lysin e: Eq. 1. MBM, CP= 37.3%; F=11.85%; Ash=41.79%


Y(AA sum)= 16.321+0.43212(37.30) - 0.00509(11.85) - 0.2369(41.79)=22.479%
Calculation: 7.693 x 22.479 / 100 = 1.729% Lysine
74 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.13 - Calcium and Phosphorus (Total, Phytic, Available, and


True Digestible) Content of Feedstuffs for Poultry and
Swine (As Fed)
P True Digestibility (%)
Feedstuff Ca PT Pphy Pav Poultry Swine
% % % % Value Coef Value Coef
Babassu Meal 0.12 1.23 0.82 0.41 - - - -
Blood Cells 0.03 0.20 - 0.20 0.18 92.0 0.18 92.0
Blood Meal 0.23 0.22 - 0.22 0.20 92.0 0.20 92.0
Blood Plasma 0.19 0.45 - 0.45 0.41 92.0 0.41 92.0
Bakery Cookie Cracker Res. 0.06 0.17 0.11 0.06 0.05 28.0 0.05 28.0
Bakery Residue 0.19 0.32 0.21 0.11 0.09 28.0 0.09 28.0
Canola Meal 0.56 0.81 0.54 0.27 0.35 43.1 0.29 35.2
Carob Meal 0.27 0.14 0.09 0.05 - - - -
Casein 0.40 0.70 - 0.70 0.63 90.0 0.63 90.0
Cassava with Hulls Dried 0.20 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.03 38.0 0.03 38.0
Castor Oil Plant Meal 0.62 0.62 0.42 0.20 - - - -
Citrus Pulp 1.57 0.20 0.13 0.07 - - 0.07 33.0
Coconut Meal 0.18 0.61 0.41 0.20 - - 0.21 35.2
Corn (7.88%) 0.03 0.25 0.19 0.06 0.10 40.8 0.11 44.0
Corn Germ 0.04 0.51 0.32 0.19 0.15 30.0 0.13 25.0
Corn Gluten Meal (21%) 0.11 0.74 0.64 0.1 0 0.22 30.0 0.21 28.0
Corn Gluten Meal (60%) 0.03 0.47 0.41 0.0 6 0.14 30.0 0.14 30.0
Corn High Lysine 0.04 0.20 0.15 0.05 0.08 40.8 0.09 44.0
Corn High Oil 0.02 0.27 0.20 0.07 0.11 40.8 0.12 44.0
Corn Pre-Cooked 0.02 0.19 0.16 0.03 0.08 40.8 0.08 44.0
Cottonseed Meal (30%) 0.23 0.87 0.50 0.37 0.33 37.8 0.30 37.8
Cottonseed Meal (39%) 0.43 1.03 0.59 0.44 0.39 37.8 0.37 37.8
Feather meal (75%) 0.35 0.63 - 0.63 0.35 56.0 0.35 56.0
Feather meal (84%) 0.31 0.66 - 0.66 0.37 56.0 0.37 56.0
Ca: Calcium; PT: Total Phosphorus; Pphy: Phytic Phosphorus;
Pav: Available Phosphorus (PT – Pphy)
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 75

Table 1.13 - Calcium and Phosphorus (Total, Phytic, Available, and


True Digestible) Content of Feedstuffs for Poultry and
Swine (As Fed)
P True Digestibility (%)
Feedstuff Ca PT Pphy Pav Poultry Swine
% % % % Value Coef Value Coef
Feather & Poul. Prod. Meal 2.54 1.37 - 1.37 0.73 53.0 0.7 3 53.0
Fish Meal (54%) 5.88 2.89 - 2.89 2.17 75.0 2.33 80.7
Fish Meal (61%) 4.70 2.41 - 2.41 1.81 75.0 1.94 80.7
Lecithin - 1.60 - 1.60 - - - -
Meat & Bone Meal (36%) 14.21 7.11 - 6.40 4.41 62.0 4.55 64.0
Meat & Bone Meal (38%) 13.67 6.83 - 6.15 4.23 62.0 4.37 64.0
Meat & Bone Meal (41%) 13.07 6.53 - 5.88 4.05 62.0 4.18 64.0
Meat & Bone Meal (44%) 12.28 6.14 - 5.53 3.81 62.0 3.93 64.0
Meat & Bone Meal (46%) 11.94 5.97 - 5.37 3.70 62.0 3.82 64.0
Meat & Bone Meal (48%) 11.23 5.61 - 5.05 3.48 62.0 3.59 64.0
Meat & Bone Meal (50%) 10.56 5.28 - 4.75 3.27 62.0 3.38 64.0
Meat & Bone Meal (55%) 9.14 4.57 - 4.11 2.83 62.0 2.92 64.0
Meat & Bone Meal (60%) 7.40 3.70 - 3.33 2.29 62.0 2.37 64.0
Milk Skimmed Dried 1.21 0.75 - 0.75 - - 0.67 90.0
Milk Whey Dried 0.75 0.68 - 0.68 - - 0.61 90.0
Milk Whey Permeate Dried 0.86 0.66 - 0.66 - - 0.59 90.0
Milk Whole Dried 0.97 0.60 - 0.60 0.54 90.0
Millet 0.04 0.31 0.21 0.10 0.12 38.0 0.12 38.0
Palm Ouricuri Meal 0.10 0.70 0.47 0.23 0.21 30.0 0.24 34.7
Pasta-Spaghetti Residue 0.08 0.14 0.09 0.05 0.04 28.0 0.04 28.0
Peanut Meal 0.17 0.63 0.42 0.21 - - - -
Poultry By-Product Meal 4.34 2.54 - 2.54 1.34 53.0 1.35 53.0
Poul By-Prod. Meal High Fat 4.06 2.37 - 2.37 1.26 53.0 1.26 53.0
Rice Bran 0.11 1.67 1.43 0.24 0.48 29.0 0.47 28.0
Rice Bran Deffated 0.10 1.89 1.61 0.28 0.55 29.0 0.53 28.0
Rice Broken 0.04 0.17 0.15 0.02 0.06 36.0 0.06 36.0
Sorghum High Tannin 0.03 0.26 0.18 0.08 0.09 36.0 0.09 36.0
Ca: Calcium; PT: Total Phosphorus; Pphy: Phytic Phosphorus;
Pav: Available Phosphorus (PT – Pphy).
76 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.13 - Calcium and Phosphorus (Total, Phytic, Available, and


True Digestible) Content of Feedstuffs for Poultry and
Swine (As Fed)
P True Digestibility (%)
Feedstuff1 Ca PT Pphy Pav Poultry Swine
% % % % Value Coef Value Coef
Sorghum Low Tannin 0.03 0.26 0.18 0.08 0.09 36.0 0.09 36.0
Swine By-Product Meal 7.28 4.68 - 4.68 2.90 62.0 3.00 64.0
Soybean Full-Fat Ext. 0.23 0.52 0.33 0.19 0.20 38.0 0.20 38.0
Soybean Full-Fat Micron. 0.22 0.51 0.33 0.18 0.19 38.0 0.19 38.0
Soybean Full-Fat Toas. 0.23 0.52 0.33 0.19 0.20 38.0 0.20 38.0
Soybean Hulls 0.50 0.14 0.03 0.11 0.04 30.0 0.04 30.0
Soybean Meal (45%) 0.24 0.56 0.34 0.22 0.25 45.0 0.26 45.7
Soybean Meal (48%) 0.31 0.63 0.39 0.24 0.28 45.0 0.29 45.7
Soybean Protein Conc. 0.28 0.80 0.59 0.21 0.32 40.0 0.32 40.0
Soybean Part-def. Ext. 0.25 0.56 0.37 0.19 0.21 38.0 0.21 38.0
Soybean Part-defToas. 0.25 0.56 0.37 0.19 0.21 38.0 0.21 38.0
Sugarcane Juice 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 - - 0.01 32.0
Sugarcane Molasses 0.76 0.06 0.04 0.02 - - 0.02 32.0
Sugarcan Molas. Dried 6.21 0.21 0.14 0.07 - - 0.07 32.0
Sunflower Meal 0.35 1.03 0.69 0.34 0.40 39.0 0.26 25.0
Sweat Potato Dried 0.10 0.16 0.11 0.05 - - - -
Triticale 0.04 0.29 0.20 0.09 0.14 (0.10) 50 (34) 0.14 (0.10) 50 (34)
Wheat 0.05 0.32 0.21 0.11 0.16 (0.11) 50 (35) 0.16 (0.11) 49 (34)
Wheat Bran-Midds 0.14 0.97 0.64 0.33 0.48 (0.24) 50 (25) 0.50 (0.26) 52 (27)
Wheat Flour 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.02 28.0 0.02 28.0
Wheat Germ 0.09 0.88 0.58 0.30 0.25 28.0 0.25 28.0
Wheat Screenings 0.12 0.43 0.29 0.14 0.21 (0.15) 50 (35) 0.21 (0.15) 49 (34)
Wheat Shorts 0.14 0.90 0.60 0.30 0.25 28.0 0.25 28.0
Yeast Alcohol Distillery 0.29 0.82 - 0.27 0.38 45.9 0.38 45.9
Yeast Brewery 0.26 0.77 - 0.25 0.35 45.9 0.35 45.9
Ca: Calcium; PT: Total Phosphorus; Pphy: Phytic Phosphorus;
Pav: Available Phosphorus (PT – Pphy)
1
The values in parenthesis are for pelleted diet.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 77

Table 1.14 - Mineral Sources for Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Phosphorus (P) %
Ca Dig Dig Fluorine
Phosphorus Source Avail
% Poultry Swine %
Total
Value Coef Value Coef Value Coef
Phosphoric Acid - 21.5 25.8 120 - - 19.4 90.0 0.16
Bone Meal Steamed 25.0 11.4 11.4 100 6.84 60.0 6.84 60.0 -
Bone Meal ash 33.8 16.2 14.9 92 9.72 60.0 9.72 60.0 -
Phosphate Dicalcium 24.5 18.5 18.5 100 12.9 70.0 13.9 75.0 0.14
Phosph. Monodical 20.3 18.6 19.6 10 5 15.8 85.0 15.9 85.3 0.19
Phosph. Monocalcium 18.9 21.4 21.2 101 - - 16.4 78.2 0.25
Phosp. Monoam. - 24.0 25.9 108 - - - - 0.22
Phosph. Diammonium - 23.1 28.9 125 - - - - 0.10
Phosphate Tricalcium 35.2 17.9 17.9 100 - - - - -
Rock Phosph. Araxá 26.0 12.1 6.2 51 - - - - 1.59
Rock Phosph. Catalão 32.3 15.1 7.9 52 - - 9.6 63.3 2.17
Rock Phos. Jacupirang 34.8 13.2 4.1 31 - - - - 1.65
Rock Phos. Patos Min. 20.8 10.6 6.1 58 - - - - 1.50
Rock Phosp.Tapira 33.6 15.0 7.8 52 - - - - 1.10
Phos Semidefluor. 30.3 16.7 10.2 61 - - - - 0.88
Phosp. Super Simple 21.5 8.6 - - - - - - 1.31
Phosp. Super Triple 17.9 20.4 20.4 100 - - 15.7 76.9 0.74

Ca and Mg Sources Calcium % Magnesium %


Limestone 37.7 0.23
Dolomitic Limestone 18.6 10.0
Oyster Shell 36.4 -
Magnesium
Sodium Oxide
Sources - %
Sodium 52.8
Chlorine%
Salt 39.7 59.6
Sodium Bicarbonate 27.0 -
Sodium Carbonate 43.0 -
Potassium Sources Potassium %
Potassium Carbonate 42.3
78 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.15 - Mineral Content of Brazilian Phosphates (as fed)

Phosphate Mg1 Mn1 Zn1 Fe1 Cu1 Cr1 Pb1 Ni1 Cd1 Va1
% ------------------------------------ mg / kg--------------------------------
Phosphoric Acid P A 0.37 0.7 0.6 31.3 1.8 3.7 12.6 0.5 2.0 -
Phosphoric Acid 0.56 29.7 7.3 39.3 4.9 8.1 13.6 5.1 2.1 -
Dicalcium Phosphate 0.91 284.2 40.3 4023 11.7 17.4 24.0 19.7 3.6 74.0
Monodicalc Phosph. . 0.81 36.3 4.6 1432 7.8 5.9 18.5 9.6 2.0 -
Monoam. Phosph. - 371.0 130.0 9000 79.0 50.0 10.0 27.0 4.6 54.0
Rock Ph. Araxá 0.54 52.5 208.8 6464 11.1 13.5 39.1 40.6 3.7 -
Rock Ph. Catalão 0.81 405.0 36.7 8486 14.9 9.1 37.1 37.2 2.9 -
Rock Ph. Jacupiranga - 321.0 11.0 6000 27.0 3.0 12.0 10.0 1.0 17.0
Rock Ph. Tapira 0.50 234 127.0 7520 9.8 5.4 28.7 16.3 3.5 70.0
Ph. Semidefluorinated 0.81 19.0 3.8 913 139.6 5.9 48.5 22.2 3.3 -
Ph. Super Simple 0.46 36.1 142.4 7010 13.9 17.5 18.9 28.6 3.0 -
Ph. Super Triple 0.71 36.2 154.6 3298 38.0 93.4 19.0 25.2 4.9 41.0
11
Mg = Magnesium, Mn = Manganese, Zn = Zinc, Fe = Iron, Cu = Copper, Cr = Chromium, Pb =
Lead, Ni = Nickel, Cd = Cadmium, Va = Vanadium.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 79

Table 1.16 - Trace Mineral Content in Feedstuffs (As Fed)


Mg1 Mn1 Fe1 Cu1 Zn1 Se1 S1
Feedstuff
% -----------------mg/kg -------------------- g /kg
Babassu, Meal 0.38 118.1 350 16.8 38.2 - -
Bakery Cookie Cracker Res 0.04 13.4 125.1 3.2 61.5 - -
Blood, Meal 0.10 7.3 1664.2 13.8 36.1 0.58 -
Blood Red Cells, Dried 0.01 - 2021.0 13.8 130.3 0.24 -
Blood Plasma 0.02 - 105.9 45.9 89.2 0.42 -
Cassava with Hulls ,Dried 0.09 23.9 92.6 4.5 11.1 0.15 -
Castor Oil Plant, Meal 0.35 23.7 1.0 3.9 11.3 - -
Coconut, Meal 0.26 68.2 423 25.6 62.3 - 3.10
Corn 0.09 5.3 23.5 2.1 21.5 0.07 5.30
Corn Germ 0.31 19.6 116.4 10.0 45.9 0.10 2.20
Corn Gluten, Meal (21%) 0.30 19.2 133.5 16.9 72.9 0.21 2.80
Corn Gluten, Meal (60%) 0.06 3.1 112.9 19.1 25.3 0.20 5.30
Corn High Lysine 0.05 10.3 53.4 2.6 17.6 0.05 -
Corn High Oil 0.10 4.3 93.0 3.0 21.5 0.19 -
Corn Pre-Cooked 0.04 11.4 43.9 2.7 26.5 0.16 -
Cottonseed, Meal (30%) 0.36 9.7 53.9 6.7 23.9 0.31 3.30
Cottonseed,Meal (39%) 0.48 14.3 157.9 10.5 56.7 0.58 3.30
Feather, Meal (75%) 0.03 3.3 567.9 20.9 72.4 0.29 1.43
Feat & Poul. By Prod, Meal 0.13 6.8 221.1 9.5 95.2 0.61 5.20
Fish, Meal (54%) 0.16 41.4 444.1 12.0 84.3 0.79 6.40
Meat & Bone Meal (35%) 0.22 11.7 816.4 36.3 66.9 0.42 -
Meat & Bone Meal (41%) 0.22 1.5 323.9 48.0 69.3 0.36 -
Meat & Bone Meal (45%) 0.28 12.9 449.7 14.0 80.6 0.30 -
Meat & Bone Meal (51%) 0.42 20.0 247.7 8.5 80.8 0.37 8.90
Milk Whey Permeate, Dried 0.11 3.0 12.3 16.5 114.6 0.21 3.00
Millet 0.13 17.79 96.8 17.6 29.03 0.06 1.40
1
Mg = Magnesium, Mn = Manganese, Fe = Iron, Cu = Copper, Zn = Zinc, Se =
Selenium, S = Sulfur
80 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.16 - Trace Mineral Content in Feedstuffs (As Fed)


Mg1 Mn1 Fe1 Cu1 Zn1 Se1 S1
Feedstuff
% -----------------mg/kg -------------------- g /kg
Palm Ouricuri, Meal 0.25 39.3 310.0 15.6 68.7 - -
Pasta-Spaghetti, Residue 0.05 9.4 195.8 3.4 35.6 - -
Peanut, Meal 0.31 37.0 195 17.5 48.3 0.25 3.10
Poultry by Product, Meal 0.16 2.1 176.7 19.3 80.4 0.52 5.50
Rice, Bran 0.81 194.5 115.4 28.2 49.8 0.35 1.60
Rice, Bran Defatted 0.75 170.3 170.1 14.7 47.7 - 1.70
Rice, Broken 0.08 16.6 15.6 2.3 10.3 0.31 -
Sorghum Low Tannin 0.11 10.9 59.7 7.6 18.6 0.25 1.00
Soyb. Full-fat Extr./Toast 0.32 24.8 179.1 13.7 41.6 0.21 3.10
Soyb. Full-fat Micron. 0.20 19.2 56.2 13.7 36.2 0.20 -
Soybean Hulls 0.17 19.0 534.0 76.2 35.7 0.22 1.10
Soybean Meal (45%) 0.32 31.9 150.4 16.3 46.2 0.44 3.10
Soybean Meal (48%) 0.23 31.7 168.0 -- 44.8 0.34 -
Soybeans Protein Conc. 0.29 38.3 92.3 32.6 24.0 -- -
Sugarcane Molasses 0.35 43.9 200 55.0 33.1 -
Sugarcane Molasses Dried 0.19 76.4 238.5 19.4 21 - -
Sunflower Meal 0.60 0.34 248 26 79 0.50 3.20
Swine by Product, Meal 0.15 23.9 655.0 16.7 115.0 - -
Triticale 0.10 38.3 44.9 6.4 32.7 0.31 1.40
Wheat 0.12 29.7 68.4 5.6 49.8 0.35 1.40
Wheat Screenings 0.17 44.6 156.4 21.8 64.1 - -
Wheat, Bran-Midds 0.43 102.7 141.9 15.0 134.5 0.31 2.10
Wheat, Germ 0.25 134.5 110.3 4.8 197.4 - -
Wheat, Shorts 0.31 103.5 162.8 14.1 141.0 - -
Wheat, Flour 0.03 6.8 29.3 3.01 22.0 - -
Yeast Alcohol Dist. 0.09 14.0 191.3 30.0 107.9 0.55 4.00
1
Mg = Magnesium, Mn = Manganese, Fe = Iron, Cu = Copper, Zn = Zinc, Se =
Selenium, S = Sulfur
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 81

Table 1.17 - Sources of Trace Minerals Used to Supplement


Poultry and Swine Diets
Sources of Cobalt Co (%)
Cobalt Carbonate (CoCO3) 45.0
Cobalt Sulfate (CoSO4 H2O) 33.0
Cobalt Sulfate (CoSO4 7H2O) 21.0

Sources of Copper Cu (%)


Copper Carbonate (CuCO3Cu(OH)2) 53.0
Copper Oxide (CuO) 75.0
Copper Sulfate (CuSO4H2O) 34.5
Copper Sulfate (CuSO45H2O) 25.0

Sources of Iron Fe (%)


Iron Carbonate (FeCO3) 43.0
Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4H2O) 30.0
Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO47H2O) 20.0

Sources of Iodine I (%)


Calcium Iodate (Ca(IO3)2) 62.0
Copper Iodide (CuI2) 66.0
Potassium Iodate (KIO3) 59.0
Potassium Iodide (KI) 76.0

Sources of Manganese Mn (%)


Manganese Carbonate (MnCO3) 47.0
Manganous Oxide (MnO) 52 - 62
Manganese Sulfate (MnSO4H2O) 31.0
Manganese Sulfate (MnSO 5H O) 22.7
4 2
Sources of Selenium Se (%)
Sodium Selenide (Na2SeO4) 42.0
Sodium Selenite (Na2SeO3) 45.0

Sources of Zinc Zn (%)


Zinc Carbonate (ZnCO3) 52.0
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) 73.0
Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4H2O) 35.0
Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO47H2O) 22.0
82 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.18 - Vitamin and Trace Mineral Supplementation Levels


in Broiler Diets (Amount / kg Diet) 1

Phase Prestarter Starter Grower I and II Finisher


Age days 1-7 8 – 21 22 – 33 34 - 42 43 – 49
Vitamin A UI 9375 8250 7500 5625 4875
Vitamin D3 UI 2375 2090 1900 1425 1235
Vitamin E UI 35 31 28 21 18

Vitamin B
Vitamin K31 mg
1.88
mg
2.50 1.65
2.20 1.50
2.00 1.13
1.50 0.98
1.30
Vitamin B2 mg
6.25 5.50 5.00 3.75 3.25
Nicotinic Acid mg 37.5 33.0 30 22.5 19.5
Pantothenic Ac. mg 12.5 11.0 10.0 7.5 6.5
Vitamin B6 mg 3.5 3.08 2.80 2.10 1.82
Vitamin B12 mg 0.015 0.013 0.012 0.009 0.008
Folic Acid mg 0.875 0.770 0.700 0.525 0.455
Biotin mg 0.088 0.077 0.070 0.053 0.046
Choline mg 375 330 300 225 195

Copper mg 12.5 11 10 7.5 6.5


Iron mg 62.5 55.0 50.0 37.5 32.5
Iodine mg 1.25 1.10 1.00 0.75 0.65
Manganese mg 88 77 70 53 46
Selenium mg 0.375 0.330 0.300 0.225 0.195
Zinc mg 81.3 71.5 65.0 48.8 42.3
1
. Amount recommended in each phase to maintain constant vitamin and trace mineral
intake per kg weight gain: e.g.. Vit A, 12000 IU; nicotinic acid, 47 mg and zinc, 100
mg/kg gain.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 83

Table 1.19 - Vitamin and Trace Mineral Supplementation Levels


in the Diets of Replacement Pullets, Layers and
Breeders (Amount/kg Feed)

Poultry Type Replacement Pullets


Layers Breeders
Phase Starter Grower
Vitamin A UI 8250 7500 7500 10000
VitaminD3UI 2090 1900 2000 2700
Vitamin E UI 31 28 10 40
Vitamin Kmg
3 1.65 1.50 1.8 2
Vitamin Bmg
1 2.20 2.00 1.5 2.5
Vitamin Bmg
2 5.50 5.00 4 7
Nicotinic Acid mg 33.0 30 25 35
Pantothenic Ac. mg 11.0 10.0 10 15
Vitamin Bmg
6 3.08 2.80 1.7 2.5
Vitamin B12mg 0.013 0.012 0.013 0.020
Folic Acid mg 0.770 0.700 0.5 0.9
Biotin mg 0.077 0.070 0.05 0.11
Choline mg 330 300 220 350

Copper mg 11 10 11 12
Iron mg 55.0 50.0 55 60
Iodine mg 1.10 1.00 1.1 1.2
Manganese mg 77 70 77 84
Selenium mg 0.33 0.30 0.33 0.36
Zinc mg 71.5 65.0 72 78
84 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.20 - Mineral Supplement for Poultry Diets1,2,3


Amount Amount
Element Mineral Source
g/kg g/kg
Copper 10.0 Copper Sulfate (25%) 40.00
(CuSO45H2O)

Iron 50.0 Ferrous Sulfate (30%) 166.67


(FeSO4H2O)

Iodine 0.8 Potassium Iodate (59%) 1.69


(KIO3)

Manganese 65.0 Manganese Sulfate (31%) 225.81


(MnSO4H2O)

Selenium 0.3 Sodium Selenite (45%) 0.67


(Na2SeO3)

Zinc 60.00 Zinc Oxide (73%) 89.04


(ZnO)

Excipient 476.12

Total 1,000.00
1
Calculations made using data from Tables 1.17 and 1.18.
2
Recommended
Grower I (22 –inclusion (kg)1.00;
33 days), per MT of feed:
Grower II Broilers:
(34 – 42Prestarter, 1.25;Finisher,
days), 0.75; Starter, 0.65;
1.10;
Replacement pullets: Starter, 1.10; Grower, 1.00; Layers, 1.10; Breeders, 1.20.
3
Broilers: The amount recommended for each phase to maintain constant trace mineral
intake per kg weight gain: e.g. Zinc, 100 mg/kg gain.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 85

Table 1.21 - Vitamin and Trace Mineral Supplementation Levels


in Swine Diets (Amount/Kg Feed)1
Pre-
Phase Starter Grower I, II Finisher I, II
starter Breeding
Weight kg 4 - 15 15 - 30 30 - 50 50 - 70 70-100 100-120
Vitamin A IU 7700 6875 5500 4840 4125 3410 8000
Vitamin D3 IU 1680 1500 1200 1056 900 744 1200
Vitamin E IU 44.8 40.0 32.0 28.2 24.0 19.8 45
Vitamin K3 mg 3.36 3.00 2.40 2.11 1.80 1.49 2.00
Vitamin B1 mg 1.12 1.00 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 1.00
Vitamin B2 mg 3.50 3.13 2.50 2.20 1.88 1.55 4.00
Nicotinic Acid mg 34 30 24 21.0 18.0 15 25
Pantothenic Ac mg 16.8 15.0 12.0 10.6 9.0 7.4 16.0
Vitamin B6 mg 2.24 2.00 1.60 1.41 1.20 0.99 1.50
Vitamin B12 mg 0.022 0.020 0.016 0.014 0.012 0.010 0.020
Folic Acid mg 0.336 0.300 0.240 0.211 0.180 0.149 1.000
Biotin mg 0.112 0.100 0.080 0.070 0.060 0.050 0.250
Choline mg 224 200 160 141 120 99 600

Copper mg 13.4 12.0 9.6 8.4 7.2 6.0 12.0


Iron mg 90 80 64 56 48 40 80
Iodine mg 1.12 1.00 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 1.00

Manganese
Selenium mg
mg 45
0.41 40
0.36 32
0.29 28
0.26 24
0.22 20
0.18 40
0.36
Zinc mg 123 110 88 77 66 55 110
1.
Growing pigs: Amount recommended in each phase to maintain constant vitamin and
trace mineral intake per kg weight gain: e.g., Vit A, 11000 IU; nicotinic acid, 50 mg and
zinc, 182 mg/kg gain.
86 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.22 - Trace Mineral Supplements for Swine1, 2, 3

Element Amount g/kg Fonte of Mineral Quantidade g/kg


Copper 9.6 Copper Sulfate (25%) 38.40
(CuSO45H2O)
Ferrous Sulfate(30%)
Iron 64 213.33
(FeSO4H2O)
Potassium Iodate (59%)
Iodine 0.80 1.36
(KIO3)
Manganese 32 Manganese Sulfate (31%) 103.23
(MnSO4H2O)
Sodium Selenite (45%)
Selenium 0.29 0.64
(Na2SeO3)
Zinc Oxide (73%)
Zinc 88 120.55
(ZnO)
Excipient 522.49
Total 1,000.00
1
Calculations made using data from Tables 1.17 and 1.21.
2
Recommended addition (kg) per tonne of feed: growing pigs: Prestarter, 1.40; Starter,
1.25; Grower I (30 – 50 kg).1.00; Grower II (50 – 70 kg), 0.88; Finisher I ( 70 a 100 kg),
0.75; Finisher II (100 – 120 kg), 0.62; Breeding, 1.25.
3
Growing pigs: : Amount recommended in each phase to maintain constant trace
mineral intake per kg weight gain: e.g. Zinc, 182 mg /kg gain.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 87

Table 1.23 - Practical (Pr) and Maximum (Max) Inclusion Levels of


Feedstuffs in Broiler and Layer Diets (Percentage in the
Diet)
Broilers
Layers
Feedstuff Starter Grower
Pr Max Pr Max Pr Max
Bakery Cracker-Cookie Resd. 5 10 8 15 8 15
Bakery, Residue 10 20 15 25 15 25
Blood, Meal 1 2 2 3 1 2
Canola, Meal 1 3 2 5 2 4
Carob, Meal 3 5 4 8 5 10
Cassava, with Hulls Dried 5 20 10 20 10 20
Coconut, Meal 3 6 4 8 5 8
Corn 65 65 65 65 65 65
Corn, Germ 5 15 10 20 10 20
Corn, Gluten Meal (22%) 3 8 4 8 4 12
Corn, Gluten Meal (60%) 4 8 4 8 4 10
Corn High Lysine 65 65 65 65 65 65
Corn High Oil 60 65 55 65 60 65
Cottonseed, Meal (30%) 2 4 3 5 3 5
Cottonseed, Meal (39%) 3 7 5 8 5 8
Fat, Poultry, Coconut, Lard 3 6 3 7 3 7
Fat, Tallow 2 4 3 6 3 6
Feather, Meal 1 2 2 4 2 4
Feather Poul. Prod, Meal 2 4 2 4 2 4
Fish, Meal 3 7 2 5 2 5
Glycerin (87%) 5 8 7 10 7 10
Meat & Bone Meal (41%) 4 7 4 8 4 8
Meat & Bone Meal (50%) 5 8 5 10 5 10
Millet 15 40 20 45 20 45
Pasta-Spaguetti, Residue 10 15 12 20 12 20
Peanut, Meal 3 7 5 10 5 10
88 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.23 - Practical (Pr) and Maximum (Max) Inclusion Levels of


Feedstuffs in Broiler and Layer Diets (Percentage in the
Diet)
Broilers
Layers
Feedstuff Starter Grower
Pr Max Pr Max Pr Max
Poultry by Product, Meal 3 7 3 8 3 8
Rice, Bran 3 8 6 12 6 12
Rice Bran Deffated 2 6 5 8 5 10
Rice, Broken 30 65 30 65 30 65
Sorghum, High Tannin 15 30 20 30 20 30
Sorghum, Low Tannin 30 65 30 65 30 65
Soybean, Full-Fat Extrud. 8 15 10 20 10 20
Soybean, Full-Fat Micron. 8 15 10 20 10 20
Soybean, Full-Fat Toasted 5 10 8 20 10 20
Soybean, Meal (45%) 35 35 35 35 30 30
Soybean, Meal (48%) 35 35 35 35 30 30
Sugar - 5 - 10 - 15
Sugarcane, Molasses 1 1 1 3 1 3
Sugarcane, Molas. Dried 1 2 1 3 1 3
Sunflower, Meal 5 10 8 15 8 15
Swine by Product, Meal 4 7 4 8 4 8
Triticale 10 20 15 25 15 30
Vegetable Oil 3 6 3 7 3 7
Wheat 12 20 20 30 20 30
Wheat Screenings 10 20 12 25 15 30
Wheat, Flour 20 40 20 40 20 40
Wheat, Germ 5 15 8 15 8 15
Wheat, Bran-Midds 3 10 5 15 6 15
Wheat, Shorts 6 15 8 15 8 20
Yeast, Dist. Alcohol 2 3 3 4 3 4
Yeast, Brewery 2 3 3 4 3 4
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 89

Table 1.24 - Practical (Pr) and Maximum (Max) Inclusion Levels of


Feedstuffs for Growing Pigs and Sows (Percentage in
the Diet)
Growing pigs Sows
Feedstuffs Starter Grower Finisher Gestation Lactation
Pr Max Pr Max Pr Max Pr M ax Pr Max
Blood, Meal 1 2 1 3 2 4 2 4 1 3
Backery Residue 12 20 20 40 20 40 25 40 25 40
Back-Cracker Cookie 8 15 10 20 15 30 10 20 10 20
Canola, Meal 2 4 5 8 10 15 10 20 5 10
Carob, Meal 3 6 5 8 7 10 7 10 5 8
Cassava, Hulls Dried 10 20 15 30 15 30 15 30 15 30
Citrus Pulp - 2 3 5 4 6 5 8 2 5
Coconut, Meal 2 5 4 7 5 8 5 10 4 7
Corn 60 60 65 65 70 70 65 65 70 70
Corn Germ 10 15 20 30 30 40 30 40 20 30
Corn, Glut. Meal (22%) 3 8 4 10 5 10 5 12 4 8
Corn, Glut. Meal (60%) 3 8 4 10 5 10 5 10 4 8
Corn High Lysine 60 60 65 65 70 70 65 65 70 70
Corn High Oil 50 60 65 65 70 70 50 65 70 70
Cotton. Meal (30%) 2 4 4 7 5 8 5 8 3 6
Cotton. Meal (39%) 3 5 5 8 6 10 6 10 5 8
90 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.24 - Practical (Pr) and Maximum (Max) Inclusion Levels of


Feedstuffs for Growing Pigs and Sows (Percentage in
the Diet)

Growing pigs Sows


Feedstuffs Starter Grower Finisher Gestation Lactation
Pr Max Pr Max Pr Max Pr M ax Pr Max
Fat, Poul, Coco, Lard 2 5 2 5 2 5 - 4 2 5
Fat, Tallow 2 4 2 5 2 5 - 4 2 5
Feath Poul Prod Meal 1 2 2 4 2 5 2 5 2 4
Feather, Meal 1 2 2 4 2 5 2 5 2 4
Fish, meal 5 12 5 10 5 5 5 10 5 10
Glycerin (87%) 5 8 7 10 7 10 7 10 7 10
Meat Bone Meal (41%) 3 5 4 6 4 7 4 7 4 7
Meat Bone Meal (50%) 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 8 4 8
Millet 20 40 30 50 40 60 40 60 30 50
Poult by Product Meal 3 5 4 7 4 8 4 8 4 8
Swine by Product Meal 3 5 4 6 4 7 4 7 4 7
Oil Vegetable 2 5 2 5 2 5 - 4 2 5
Pasta-Spaghetti, Resid 10 15 15 25 20 30 20 30 20 30
Peanut, Meal 4 7 6 10 6 10 6 10 6 10

Rice,
Rice, Broken
Bran Defatted 30
3 30
8 40
5 40
12 40
7 40
20 40
10 40
20 40
5 40
12
Rice, Bran 4 10 7 15 10 20 10 20 5 15
Sorghum High Tannin 15 30 20 35 20 35 20 35 20 35
Sorghum Low Tannin 30 60 35 65 35 70 35 65 35 70
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 91

Table 1.24 - Practical (Pr) and Maximum (Max) Inclusion Levels of


Feedstuffs for Growing Pigs and Sows (Percentage in
the Diet)

Growing pigs Sows


Feedstuff Starter Grower Finisher Gestation Lactation
Pr Max Pr Max Pr Max Pr M ax Pr Max
Soybean Hulls - - - 3 - 5 5 12 - 5
Soyb. Meal( 45%) 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 15 25 25
Soyb. Meal (48%) 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 15 25 25
Soyb. Full-fat Extru. 10 25 10 25 10 25 5 25 10 30
Soyb. Full-fat Micro. 5 20 10 20 10 20 5 25 10 30
Soyb. Full-fat Toast 10 25 10 25 10 25 5 25 10 30
Sugar 2 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 2 10
Sugar. Molasses 2 3 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5
Sugar. Molas. Dried 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
Sunflower, Meal 5 10 8 15 10 18 13 20 10 20
Sweet Potato, Dried 2 5 5 10 6 12 6 12 5 8
Triticale 10 25 20 35 20 35 20 35 20 35
Wheat 10 25 20 35 20 35 20 35 20 35
Wheat, Bran-Midds 2 5 5 12 8 15 15 35 5 15
Wheat, Flour 20 40 20 40 20 40 20 40 20 40
Wheat, Germ 10 20 15 30 15 30 15 35 15 35
Wheat Screenings 10 20 15 30 15 30 15 30 15 30
Wheat, Shorts 8 15 15 30 15 30 20 40 15 35
Yeast, Brewery 2 8 4 10 4 15 4 15 4 10
Yeast, Dist. Alcohol 2 6 3 8 4 12 3 10 4 10
92 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 1.25 - Variation in Nutrient Content of Primary Feedstuffs - Crude Protein,


Calcium and Phosphorus – Data from the Brazilian Tables, 2005
(as fed)
Crude Protein Calcium Phosphorus
Feedstuff Mean Std. Mean Std. Mean Std.
n n n
% Dev% % Dev% % Dev%
Corn 8.26 0.90 1493 0.03 0.03 252 0.24 0.05 233
Feather, Meal (84%) 83.90 2.95 461 0.29 0.12 22 0.74 0.15 20

Fish,
Meat Meal (54%)
& Bone Meal (41%) 54.40
41.00 4.59 136
0.63 73 5.90
10.08 1.75 53
1.32 43 2.41
6.80 0.80
1.22 41
54
Meat & Bone Meal (45%) 44.54 1.13 111 9.55 1.32 47 4.96 1.22 54
Poultry by Product Meal 57.00 5.84 1186 4.00 1.86 17 2.66 0.77 17
Rice, Bran 13.24 1.96 236 0.11 0.065 46 1.81 0.42 45
Sorghum 9.23 1.35 355 0.03 0.045 43 0.26 0.060 55
Soybean, Full-fat Extr. / Toasted Meal 37.00 1.03 422 0.23 0.14 44 0.52 0.05 41
Soybean, Meal (45%) 45.32 1.15 1605 0.24 0.07 125 0.53 0.09 132
Wheat, Bran-Midds 15.52 1.65 350 0.14 0.07 72 0.99 0.25 63
Dicalcium phosphate - - - 24.50 1.43 135 18.50 0.94 148
Limestone - - - 38.40 1.23 61 - - -
n=number of observations.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 93

Table 1.26 - Variation in Nutrient Content of Primary Feedstuffs – Lysine,


Methionine + Cystine and Threonine – Data from the Brazilian
Tables, 2005 (as fed)
Lysine Methionine+ Cystine Threonine
Feedstuff Mean Std. Mean Std. Mean Std.
n n n
% Dev% % Dev% % Dev%
Corn 1234 121 119
0.24 0.045 0.36 0.038 0.32 0.043
4 8
Feather, Meal (84%) 2.40 0.30 451 4.05 0.51 451 3.66 0.22 450
Fish, Meal (54%) 3.41 1.02 24 2.35 0.25 20 2.34 0.31 24
Meat & Bone Meal (41%) 1.98 0.18 110 0.80 0.16 105 1.15 0.20 110
Meat & Bone Meal (45%) 2.19 0.21 105 0.99 0.19 99 1.36 0.22 105
Poultry by Product Meal 3.35 0.48 756 2.02 0.53 756 2.43 0.53 756
Rice, Bran 0.63 0.11 191 0.52 0.06 186 0.49 0.10 191
Sorghum 0.20 0.036 271 0.32 0.033 265 0.31 0.048 271
Soybean, Full-Fat Extr. / Toasted Meal 2.23 0.11 357 1.08 0.05 352 1.47 0.08 357
Soybean, Meal (45%) 2.77 0.10 1164 1.27 0.09 1145 1.78 0.10 1127
Wheat, Bran-Midds 0.62 0.09 257 0.58 0.06 256 0.51 0.08 255
n = number of observations.
94 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 95

CHAPTER 2

Nutritional Re quireme nts of Poultry


96 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 97

INTRODUCTION

The following observations should be considered for a better


understanding of the tables.

* Several factors may influence poultry requirements, such as breed,


strain, sex, feed intake, dietary energy level, nutrient availability,
environmental temperature, air humidity, health status, etc.

* Poultry nutritional requirements were determined in a series of


dose-response trials carried out at UFV and other research
institutions, associated with observations of commercial flocks
in several Brazilian regions.

* For the determination of poultry nutritional requirements, basal


diets were formulated using mainly corn and soybean meal.
Therefore, when other ingredients are used, corrections as to
nutrients digestibility or availability need to be made. This is the
reason why requirements are expressed on true digestible
amino acids.
* Only the main nutrients are mentioned. The others are assumed
as adequately supplied, provided they are offered in amounts
equivalent to the vitamin and mineral supplements included in
this publication.

* When birds are fed “ad libitum”, feed intake and particularly
feed conversion largely depend on the energy level. These
Tables include examples of nutritional requirements for poultry
diets containing the energy levels commonly used in Brazil.
When other energy levels are used, corresponding adjustments
should be made to maintain constant the ratio of nutrient
percentage per 1000 kcal ME in the diet.
* It is virtually impossible to establish an energy level for each
type of poultry. Energy levels vary according to feedstuff and
98 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

poultry product prices. For instance, if oil has a reasonable


price, high energy levels are recommended. On the other hand,
the availability of cheap low-energy feedstuffs would lead to the
formulation of lower-energy diets. The main concern is not only
to formulate least cost diets, rather, a formulation that allows
chicken meat and egg production at the least cost.
* Lysine was used as reference to estimate the nutritional
requirementsin several
determined of the amino acids. Lysine
dose-response requirements
trials, run in the UFVwere
with
birds of different ages. Some experimental results published in
Brazil were also used. The requirements of the other amino
acids was established using the concept of Ideal Protein,
maintaining for each type of bird the amino acid / lysine ratio,
expressed on total and true amino acid digestibility basis.
* For broilers, firstly all dose-response experiments with lysine were
compiled, and digestible lysine daily intake was determined. Then,
lysine maintenance requirements were calculated to obtain the
amount of digestible lysine / kg of gain in the different growing
phases. Results of several dose-response trials were used for this
determination, 79 values for males and 36 for females were obtained.
Tables 2.01 to 2.04 show the methodology used to calculate the
amount of true digestible lysine / kg of broiler weight gain. The two
equations used to estimate true digestible lysine requirements for
male and female broilers according to their performance are
presented in Tables 2.05 to 2.08.

* The use of equations to estimate the true digestible lysine


requirement of birds allows more flexibility, because in reality
there is not a single requirement, but many as a function of
performance and feed intake. As an example of the variation in
lysine requirement, performance data of broilers (females and
males) are shown and daily lysine requirements calculated. To
make the manipulation of the Brazilian Tables easier, examples
of male and female requirements of broilers with low, standard
and high performance are shown.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 99

* The established protein levels should be assumed as


suggestions, not as recommendations. These are minimum
dietary values based on corn and soybean meal when the
Crystalline amino acids lysine, methionine, and threonine are
offered. Aiming at reducing environmental impact of excessive
nutrients in poultry diets, excellent experimental and practical
results have been obtained with low protein diets while
maintaining the recommended levels of essential amino acids,
which are indeed the most important.
* In general, at the suggested protein levels, the requirements of
arginine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine and phenylalanine
+ tyrosine are usually supplied.

* Amino acid dietary levels must be similar to the recommended


levels, avoiding excess. Excessive protein levels must also be
avoided.
* Methionine + cystine requirements were established based on
the fact that methionine should supply at least 55% of sulfur
amino acid requirements. Phenylalanine + tyrosine
requirements were also determined considering that the first
must supply at least 55% of the requirement. Serine and glycine
are presented together
interchangeable. as these amino acids are

* A procedure similar to that used for lysine was applied to obtain


the equation that calculates phosphorus requirements for
broilers, but the number of experiments was lower, and the
variation was wider. Firstly, phosphorus requirement for
maintenance was calculated (0.026 body weight0.75), using the
endogenous excretion data obtained in 2009 by Bunzen (PhD
thesis, UFV). Results of dose-response trials on phosphorus
requirements were used to calculate the amount of phosphorus
(available and true digestible) / kg weight gain for the different
growing phases. Table 2.09 shows the equations obtained to
100 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

estimated phosphorus requirements and Ca:P ratios


recommended for male and female broilers.
* High calcium and phosphorus levels must be avoided in broiler
feeds, as in addition to affecting bird performance, they
increase environmental contamination. Ca : available P ratio
must be maintained around 2.13:1 and 2.35:1 for Ca: digestible
P ratio at the recommended levels. Ca requirements were
calculatedbybased
multiplied on available
their respective ratios.P and digestible P means
* Nutritional requirements of sodium were estimated in several
trials. For potassium, three experiments were performed with
broilers. However, we decided to include also recommendations
for potassium, sodium, and chloride for all birds in order to
obtain adequate dietary electrolyte balance in poultry feeds.
* For layers and broiler breeders, requirements were established
as amount of nutrient per day per bird for optimal performance.
There is also an equation to determine daily ME requirement
per hen. This equation takes into account data on body weight,
daily weight gain, egg mass, and environmental temperature.
By using data obtained by the equation and the dietary energy

level,
the it is possible
percentage to estimate
of nutrients daily
in the feed intake and to calculate
diet.
* For layers and broiler breeders, requirements are expressed as
amount of nutrient per day per bird for optimal performance. An
equation to calculate true digestible lysine requirement was
estimated on the results of 15 dose-response experiments (Tables
2.21 and 2.35). An example of the variation in lysine requirements
is shown, where daily lysine requirements were calculated based
on the performance data of layers (white-egg and brown-eggs) and
broiler breeder hens. In order to make the use of the Brazilian
Tables easier, examples are presented describing the nutritional
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 101

requirements of layers and breeder hens with different body weight,


daily gain, egg mass and feed intake.
* In nutritional requirements studies, the influence of high
environmental temperature on broiler and layer performance was
evident. The main effect was a decrease in feed intake, caused by
the lower energy requirement for maintenance of birds reared at
temperatures higher than 21°C (up to o27
C). There are correction
factors to estimate
requirements the requirements
of broilers reared at high of broilers, but temperatures
environmental examples of
are not mentioned, because if performance and feed intake are
known, the optimal nutritional levels can be easily calculated using
the tables shown in the text.

* For layers and broiler breeder hens, it was established that


metabolizable energy requirement vary in 3 kcal ME per unit of
metabolic weight (BW0.75) for each 1°C of environmental
temperature below or above 21°C (Tables 2.22 and 2.36). This
correction is adequate up to a limit of 27 oC, approximately.

* It is also important to have in mind that broiler and layer diets


must contain adequate levels of xanthophylls for carcass and
egg pigmentation.

* Quail egg production in Brazil has developed in the last few


years, and the number of flocks and egg production per bird
has increased. This is a result from studies on quail
environment, nutrition, genetics and health and the application
of technologies in commercial farms.
* Quails today are heavier, more productive, and lay larger eggs.
Due to these changes, commercial quail strains are not yet
standardized, which significantly contributes to the variation in
performance results.
102 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

* Quails present different anatomic, physiological, and behavioral


characteristics as compared to commercial laying hens, and
therefore, although both are layers, these birds cannot be
compared. Quails have different nutritional requirements, which
demand research studies to determine their real nutritional
requirements to obtain optimal performance.
* The nutritional requirements tables for quails presented here
were developed
performance by out
carried compiling
at UFV results of Brazilian
and other studies on quail
research
institutes.
* In the case of laying quails, the requirements were established as
amount of nutrient per bird per day for optimal performance. An
equation to estimate true digestible lysine requirement (Table 2.46)
was developed based on the results of studies carried out at UFV
and other Brazilian research institutions. An example of the
variation in lysine requirements is shown, where daily lysine
requirements were calculated based on the performance data of
Japanese quails. In order to make the use of the Brazilian Tables
easier, examples of the nutritional requirements of quails with
different body weight, daily gain, egg mass and feed intake are
shown.
* Simplified and practical tables of poultry nutritional requirements
are presented at the end of this publication (Tables 4.02 and
4.03), allowing a rapid and easy check of the nutritional levels
commonly recommended for poultry, which are related to the
dietary energy levels commonly used in Brazil.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 103

Nutrit ional Re quireme nts of Broilers Chickens


104 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 105

Table 2.01 - Methodology Used to Obtain the Equation that


Calculates the Amount of True Digestible Lysine / Kg
Weight Gain of Male Broilers
Weight Range, kg 0.040 – 0.400 0.401 – 1.200 1.201 – 2.200 2.201 – 3.305
Experimental Data1 22 22 22 13
Mean Weight in the Period, kg 0.244 0.656 1.578 2.806
Feed Intake, g/day 38.14 87.77 159.89 217.28
Dig. Lys Intake, g/day 0.4449 0.9730 1.6084 2.0934
2
Maintenance Dig. Lys, g/day0.0237 0.0503 0.0983 0.1516
Dig. Lys Weight Gain, g/day 0.4212 0.9227 1.5102 1.9418
Mean Gain, kg/day 0.0279 0.0577 0.0850 0.0999
g. Dig. Lys/ kg Gain 15.06 15.90 17.78 19.45
Equation, g Lys/ kg Gain 15.03 15.98 17.77 19.44

2 2
Eq: Y (g Dig. lys/kg gain) = 14.43 + 2.543 (Av. weight, kg) – 0.270 (Av. weight, kg) R = 0.80
1
Total of 79 experimental data obtained in dose response trial with different lysine levels.
2
Daily requirements of digestible lysine for maintenance = 0.07 x (Av. weight) 0.75. Estimated
according to the values of Fisher, 1998 (Poultry Sci. 77:124), Edwards et. al., 1999 (Poultry Sci.
78:1412) and Siqueira, 2009 (PhD thesis – Estimates of lysine requirements for Broilers using
dose-response and factorial methods – UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP).

Graph 2.01 - Equation Estimating the Value, in Grams, of True Digestible Lysine / kg Weight Gain of
Male Broilers as a Function of Weight (0.040 to 3.305 kg).
106 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.02 - Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine


(Dig. Lys) Requirements for Male Broilers

Dig. Lys Req. (g/day) = (Dig. Lys for Maintenance) + (Dig. Lys for Gain)
Dig. Lys Req. (g/day) = (0.07 W 0.75) + (14.43 + 2.543 W – 0.270 W2) G

W = Average Body Weight in kg;


G = Gain / day in kg

Example:

Male Broilers of 36 to 42 days of age.


Av. Weight = 2.531 kg, with W0.75 = 2.007
G = 0.100 kg / day
2
Lys Req. = (0.07 x 2.007) + (14.43 + 2.543 x 2.531 – 0.270 x 2.531
) x 0.100
Dig. Lys Req. = (0.1405) + (19.136 x 0.100) = 2.054 g/day

Intake Estimate = 204.4 g/day

% Dig. Lys in the Diet = 1.005%


Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 107

Table 2.03 - Methodology Used to Obtain the Equation that


Calculates the Amount of True Digestible Lysine / Kg
Weight Gain of Female Broilers
Weight Range, kg 0.040 – 0.500 0.501 – 1.200 1.201 – 1.900 1.901 – 2.690
Experimental Data1 12 12 6 6
Mean weight in the Period, kg 0.325 0.866 1.552 2.449
Feed Intake, g/day 48.76 105.77 150.44 191.09
Dig. lys intake, g/day 0.5538 1.0791 1.4197 1.6914
2
Maintenance Dig. lys, g/day0.0298 0.0623 0.0973 0.1370
Dig. Lys Weight Gain, g/day 0.5241 1.0168 1.3224 1.5544
Mean Gain, kg/day 0.0336 0.0616 0.0721 0.0780
g. Dig. Lys/ kg gain 15.50 16.46 18.36 19.52
Equation, g Lys/ kg gain 15.32 16.68 18.15 19.67

Eq: Y (g Dig. lys/kg gain) = 14.42 + 2.859 (Av. weight, kg) – 0.292 (Av. weight, kg)2 R2 = 0.79
1
Total of 36 experimental data obtained in dose-response trials with different lysine levels.
2
Daily requirements of digestible lysine for maintenance = 0.07 x (Av. weight) 0.75. Estimated
according to the values of Fisher, 1998 (Poultry Sci. 77:124), Edwards et. al., 1999 (Poultry Sci.
78:1412) and Siqueira, 2009 (PhD thesis – Estimates of lysine requirements for Broilers using
dose-response and factorial methods – UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP).

Graph 2.02 - Equation Estimating the Value, in Grams, of True Digestible Lysine / kg Weight Gain of
Female Broilers as a Function of Weight (0.040 to 2.690 kg).
108 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.04 - Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine


(Dig. Lys) Requirements for Female Broilers

Dig. Lys Req. (g/day) = (Dig. Lys for Maintenance) + (Dig. Lys for Gain)
Dig. Lys Req. (g/day) = (0.07 W 0.75) + (14.42 + 2.859 W – 0.292 W2) G

W = Average body weight in kg;


G = Gain / day in kg

Example:

Female Broilers with 36 to 42 days of age.


Av. Weight = 2.091 kg, with W0.75 = 1.739
G = 0.074 kg / day
2
Lys Req. = (0.07 x 1.739) + (14.42 + 2.859 x 2.091 – 0.292 x 2.091
) x 0.074
Dig. Lys Req. = (0.1217) + (19.121 x 0.074) = 1.537 g/day

Intake Estimate = 173.9 g/day

% Dig. Lys in the Diet = 0.884%


Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 109

Table2.05 - Digestible Lysine Requirement of Broiler Males with Standard


Performance Using the Equation on Table 2.02
Age Weight Gain Dig. Lys Intake Cumulative ME intake Lys/ME Dig.
Days kg g/day Req. g/day Intake, g kcal/day1 Ratio Lys
g/day %/Mcal Diet, %
1 0.059 13.9 0.211 15.2 15.2 44.91 0.469 1.384
2 0.073 15.7 0.240 17.8 33.1 52.61 0.456 1.345
3 0.089 18.2 0.278 21.1 54.2 62.29 0.447 1.319
4 0.107 20.9 0.321 24.2 78.4 71.40 0.449 1.324
5 0.128 23.9 0.368 27.8 106.2 82.04 0.448 1.322
6 0.152 27.1 0.419 31.9 138.1 94.19 0.444 1.311
7 0.179 28.3 0.440 35.7 173.8 105.28 0.418 1.233
8 0.207 31.3 0.489 40.0 213.8 120.05 0.408 1.223
9 0.238 34.3 0.540 44.1 258.0 132.38 0.408 1.223
10 0.273 38.9 0.614 50.3 308.2 150.87 0.407 1.221
11 0.312 43.9 0.696 57.3 365.6 171.96 0.405 1.215
12 0.355 45.5 0.729 60.6 426.1 181.69 0.401 1.204
13 0.401 48.9 0.788 66.1 492.2 198.15 0.398 1.193
14 0.450 52.4 0.852 72.3 564.5 216.96 0.392 1.177
15 0.502 56.1 0.919 75.4 639.9 226.16 0.407 1.220
16 0.558 59.2 0.979 81.8 721.7 245.55 0.399 1.196
17 0.618 62.3 1.040 89.0 810.7 266.87 0.390 1.169
18 0.680 65.6 1.105 95.4 906.1 286.26 0.386 1.158
19 0.746 68.9 1.172 102.5 1008.6 307.58 0.381 1.143
20 0.814 71.8 1.233 109.2 1117.8 327.61 0.376 1.129
21 0.886 74.7 1.295 115.2 1233.1 345.71 0.375 1.124
22 0.961 77.6 1.359 120.4 1353.4 373.12 0.364 1.129
23 1.039 80.5 1.424 124.6 1478.1 386.36 0.368 1.142
24 1.119 82.6 1.476 132.0 1610.1 409.20 0.361 1.118
25 1.202 85.3 1.539 140.0 1750.1 434.00 0.355 1.099
26 1.287 87.2 1.589 146.0 1896.1 452.60 0.351 1.088
27 1.374 89.6 1.650 153.0 2049.1 474.30 0.348 1.079
28 1.464 91.3 1.698 158.6 2207.7 491.61 0.345 1.071
29 1.555 92.5 1.739 162.4 2370.0 503.32 0.345 1.071
30 1.648 94.6 1.794 169.3 2539.3 524.80 0.342 1.060
31 1.742 95.6 1.832 174.2 2713.5 540.14 0.339 1.051
32 1.838 96.9 1.873 179.2 2892.7 555.49 0.337 1.045
33 1.935 97.5 1.903 183.2 3075.9 567.77 0.335 1.039
34 2.032 98.8 1.945 189.1 3265.0 586.18 0.332 1.028
35 2.131 98.8 1.963 192.3 3457.2 605.59 0.324 1.021
36
37 2.230
2.329 99.4
100.5 1.992
2.031 195.0
200.0 3652.2
3852.2 614.25
630.00 0.324
0.322 1.021
1.015
38 2.430 101.0 2.057 203.5 4055.7 641.03 0.321 1.011
39 2.531 101.0 2.073 205.6 4261.4 647.77 0.320 1.008
40 2.632 101.0 2.089 208.6 4470.0 657.09 0.318 1.001
41 2.733 100.0 2.085 208.8 4678.8 657.72 0.317 0.998
42 2.833 97.0 2.040 209.0 4887.8 658.35 0.310 0.976
43 2.930 93.9 1.994 209.2 5097.0 669.44 0.298 0.953
44 3.024 91.9 1.966 209.4 5306.4 670.08 0.293 0.939
45 3.116 90.9 1.957 209.7 5516.1 671.04 0.292 0.933
46 3.206 88.9 1.928 210.0 5726.1 672.00 0.287 0.918
47 3.295 87.9 1.917 210.2 5936.3 672.64 0.285 0.912
48 3.383 86.9 1.906 210.5 6146.8 673.60 0.283 0.906
49 3.470 84.8 1.874 210.8 6357.6 674.64 0.278 0.889
50 3.555 83.8 1.862 211.0 6568.6 675.20 0.276 0.882
51 3.639 82.8 1.849 210.7 6779.3 674.24 0.274 0.878
52 3.721 81.8 1.836 210.3 6989.6 672.96 0.273 0.873
53 3.803 80.8 1.822 210.0 7199.6 672.00 0.271 0.868
54 3.884 79.8 1.807 209.8 7409.4 671.36 0.269 0.861
55 3.964 78.8 1.793 209.5 7618.9 670.40 0.267 0.856
56 4.043 77.0 1.762 209.3 7828.2 669.76 0.263 0.842
1
Diets containing 2950; 3000; 3100; 3150 and 3200 kcal ME/kg
for the phases de 1-7; 8-21; 22-34; 35-42; 43-56 days
age.
of
110 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.06 - Digestible Lysine Requirement of Broiler Males with High


Performance Using the Equation on Table 2.02
Age Weight Gain Dig. Lys Intake Cumulative ME intake Lys/ME Dig. Lys
Days kg g/day Req. g/day Intake, g kcal/day1 Ratio Diet, %
g/day %/Mcal
1 0.066 14.9 0.226 15.2 15.2 45.1 0.501 1.483
2 0.081 16.1 0.246 18.0 33.3 53.4 0.461 1.364
3 0.097 18.2 0.279 21.1 54.4 62.5 0.447 1.323
4 0.115 21.4 0.329 24.7 79.1 73.2 0.450 1.332
5 0.137 23.6 0.364 27.3 106.4 80.8 0.450 1.333
6 0.160 26.8 0.415 31.4 137.8 93.0 0.446 1.321
7 0.187 31.4 0.488 38.9 176.7 115.2 0.423 1.252
8 0.218 35.7 0.557 44.6 221.3 135.9 0.410 1.250
9
10 0.254
0.295 40.8
45.9 0.640
0.724 51.4
58.1 272.7
330.8 156.7
177.1 0.408
0.409 1.245
1.246
11 0.341 50.0 0.794 63.8 394.6 194.6 0.408 1.245
12 0.391 53.9 0.864 70.0 464.5 213.4 0.405 1.235
13 0.445 57.3 0.926 75.7 540.2 230.9 0.401 1.224
14 0.502 62.2 1.015 83.3 623.5 254.0 0.400 1.219
15 0.564 67.3 1.108 88.4 711.9 269.7 0.411 1.253
16 0.631 68.7 1.144 91.6 803.5 279.2 0.410 1.250
17 0.700 70.5 1.187 96.8 900.3 295.1 0.402 1.227
18 0.771 73.9 1.257 103.3 1003.6 315.2 0.399 1.217
19 0.844 76.5 1.315 111.3 1114.9 339.5 0.387 1.182
20 0.921 79.4 1.380 117.6 1232.5 358.6 0.385 1.174
21 1.000 82.0 1.440 123.3 1355.8 376.1 0.383 1.168
22 1.082 84.5 1.499 127.2 1483.0 400.6 0.374 1.179
23 1.167 86.9 1.559 130.5 1613.4 410.9 0.379 1.195
24 1.254 89.0 1.613 136.9 1750.3 431.3 0.374 1.178
25 1.343 91.0 1.667 143.7 1894.1 452.7 0.368 1.160
26 1.434 93.0 1.721 150.5 2044.6 474.1 0.363 1.144
27 1.527 94.2 1.762 155.6 2200.2 490.1 0.359 1.132
28 1.621 96.1 1.815 162.4 2362.6 511.5 0.355 1.118
29 1.717 97.5 1.861 165.8 2528.4 522.3 0.356 1.122
30 1.815 99.0 1.907 171.3 2699.6 539.5 0.353 1.113
31 1.914 100.1 1.946 176.2 2875.9 555.1 0.351 1.104
32 2.014 101.0 1.983 181.2 3057.0 570.7 0.347 1.095
33 2.115 102.0 2.020 186.1 3243.2 586.3 0.345 1.085
34 2.217 102.9 2.055 191.1 3434.2 601.9 0.341 1.076
35 2.320 104.5 2.104 195.1 3629.3 624.2 0.337 1.079
37
36 2.527
2.424 102.0
102.5 2.092
2.084 194.5
191.6 4015.4
3820.9 622.3
613.1 0.336
0.340 1.075
1.088
38 2.629 102.0 2.108 197.8 4213.2 633.1 0.333 1.065
39 2.731 102.0 2.123 201.7 4414.9 645.4 0.329 1.053
40 2.833 102.0 2.138 204.6 4619.5 654.6 0.327 1.045
41 2.935 101.6 2.145 207.4 4826.9 663.8 0.323 1.034
42 3.036 100.5 2.136 208.0 5034.9 665.6 0.321 1.027
43 3.137 99.9 2.137 208.0 5242.9 676.0 0.316 1.027
44 3.236 98.9 2.131 208.9 5451.8 679.1 0.314 1.020
45 3.335 95.9 2.081 208.9 5660.8 679.1 0.306 0.996
46 3.431 93.8 2.051 209.1 5869.9 679.6 0.302 0.981
47 3.525 89.8 1.978 209.6 6079.5 681.2 0.290 0.944
48 3.615 88.7 1.966 210.4 6289.9 683.8 0.288 0.935
49 3.704 87.7 1.953 210.8 6500.7 685.2 0.285 0.927
50 3.791 84.7 1.899 210.8 6711.6 685.2 0.277 0.901
51 3.876 83.6 1.885 210.8 6922.4 685.2 0.275 0.894
52 3.960 82.6 1.870 209.9 7132.3 682.1 0.274 0.891
53 4.042 81.6 1.855 209.0 7341.3 679.3 0.273 0.888
54 4.124 79.6 1.819 208.9 7550.2 679.1 0.268 0.871
55 4.203 78.5 1.803 208.6 7758.8 678.0 0.266 0.864
56 4.282 76.0 1.756 208.2 7967.0 676.7 0.259 0.843
1
Diets containing 2960; 3050; 3150; 3200 and 3250 kcal ME/kg
thefor
phases of 1-7; 8-21; 22-34; 35-42; 43-56 days
age.
of
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 111

Table 2.07 - Digestible Lysine Requirement of Broiler Females with Standard


Performance Using the Equation on Table 2.04
Age Weight Gain Dig. Lys Intake Cumulative ME intake Lys/ME Dig. Lys
Days kg g/day Req. g/day Intake, g kcal/day1 Ratio Diet, %
g/day %/Mcal
1 0.054 16.0 0.241 16.7 16.7 49.16 0.490 1.446
2 0.070 17.0 0.258 18.2 34.8 53.63 0.481 1.419
3 0.087 20.0 0.305 22.2 57.1 65.55 0.465 1.371
4 0.107 21.0 0.322 24.2 81.3 71.51 0.451 1.329
5 0.128 24.0 0.370 28.3 109.6 83.43 0.443 1.307
6 0.152 26.0 0.403 31.3 140.9 92.36 0.436 1.287
7 0.178 32.0 0.497 39.4 180.3 116.20 0.427 1.261
8 0.210 35.0 0.547 43.9 224.2 131.81 0.415 1.245
9 0.245 36.0 0.568 46.0 270.2 137.87 0.412 1.236
10 0.281 37.0 0.589 48.5 318.7 145.44 0.405 1.216
11 0.318 38.0 0.611 50.5 369.2 151.50 0.403 1.210
12 0.356 39.0 0.633 53.0 422.2 159.08 0.398 1.194
13 0.395 44.0 0.717 60.6 482.8 181.80 0.394 1.183
14 0.439 46.0 0.756 64.6 547.4 193.92 0.390 1.170
15 0.485 48.0 0.796 68.0 615.4 204.00 0.390 1.171
16 0.533 53.0 0.884 76.0 691.4 228.00 0.388 1.164
17 0.586 54.0 0.911 79.0 770.4 237.00 0.384 1.153
18 0.640 57.0 0.970 84.5 854.9 253.50 0.382 1.147
19 0.697 58.0 0.997 88.0 942.9 264.00 0.378 1.133
20 0.755 59.0 1.025 91.0 1033.9 273.00 0.375 1.126
21 0.814 60.0 1.053 95.0 1128.9 285.00 0.370 1.109
22 0.874 62.0 1.098 102.0 1230.9 316.20 0.347 1.077
23 0.936 64.0 1.144 107.5 1338.4 333.25 0.343 1.065
24 1.000 66.0 1.191 113.0 1451.4 350.30 0.340 1.054
25 1.066 67.0 1.222 118.0 1569.4 365.80 0.334 1.035
26 1.133 68.0 1.252 122.0 1691.4 378.20 0.331 1.026
27 1.201 70.0 1.301 128.0 1819.4 396.80 0.328 1.016
28 1.271 72.0 1.350 136.0 1955.4 421.60 0.320 0.992
29 1.343 74.0 1.400 141.5 2096.9 438.65 0.319 0.989
30 1.417 75.0 1.432 147.0 2243.9 455.70 0.314 0.974
31 1.492 75.0 1.447 149.5 2393.4 463.45 0.312 0.968
32 1.567 75.0 1.462 152.0 2545.4 471.20 0.310 0.962
33 1.642 76.0 1.494 156.0 2701.4 483.60 0.309 0.958
34 1.718 75.0 1.490 158.0 2859.4 489.80 0.304 0.943
35 1.793 75.0 1.504 162.0 3021.4 510.30 0.295 0.928
36
37 1.868
1.943 75.0
75.0 1.517
1.531 166.8
169.0 3188.2
3357.2 525.26
532.35 0.289
0.288 0.910
0.906
38 2.018 74.0 1.525 171.5 3528.7 540.23 0.282 0.889
39 2.092 74.0 1.537 175.3 3703.9 552.04 0.278 0.877
40 2.166 73.0 1.530 176.5 3880.4 555.98 0.275 0.867
41 2.239 72.0 1.522 178.0 4058.4 560.70 0.271 0.855
42 2.311 72.0 1.533 180.5 4238.9 568.58 0.270 0.849
43 2.383 71.0 1.524 181.0 4419.9 579.20 0.263 0.842
44 2.454 70.0 1.515 182.0 4601.9 582.40 0.260 0.832
45 2.524 68.0 1.485 183.0 4784.9 585.60 0.254 0.811
46 2.592 67.0 1.474 184.0 4968.9 588.80 0.250 0.801
47 2.659 66.0 1.463 185.0 5153.9 592.00 0.247 0.791
48 2.725 63.0 1.411 185.0 5338.9 592.00 0.238 0.763
49 2.788 61.0 1.378 185.5 5524.4 593.60 0.232 0.743
50 2.849 61.0 1.385 188.0 5712.4 601.60 0.230 0.737
51 2.910 60.0 1.372 188.0 5900.4 601.60 0.228 0.730
52 2.970 58.0 1.338 188.0 6088.4 601.60 0.222 0.712
53 3.028 55.0 1.283 188.0 6276.4 601.60 0.213 0.682
54 3.083 53.0 1.247 188.0 6464.4 601.60 0.207 0.663
55 3.136 50.0 1.191 188.0 6652.4 601.60 0.198 0.633
56 3.186 48.0 1.154 188.0 6840.4 601.60 0.192 0.614
1
Diets containing 2950; 3000; 3100; 3150 and 3200 kcal ME/kg
thefor
phases of 1-7; 8-21; 22-34; 35-42; 43-56 days
age.
of
112 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.08 - Digestible Lysine Requirement of Broiler Females withHigh


Performance Using the Equation on Table 2.04
Age Weight Gain Dig. Lys Intake Cumulative ME Lys/ME Lys. Dig
days kg g/day Req. g/day Intake Intake Ratio%/Mcal Diet
g/day g kcal/day1 %
1 0.056 16.0 0.241 16.7 16.7 49.3 0.489 1.448
2 0.072 18.0 0.273 19.2 35.9 56.8 0.481 1.422
3 0.090 20.0 0.305 22.2 58.1 65.8 0.464 1.373
4 0.110 23.0 0.352 26.3 84.3 77.7 0.453 1.341
5 0.133 27.0 0.415 31.3 115.6 92.7 0.448 1.325
6 0.160 29.0 0.449 34.3 150.0 101.6 0.442 1.307
7 0.189 34.0 0.528 40.9 190.9 121.1 0.436 1.292
8 0.223 37.0 0.577 45.5 236.3 138.6 0.416 1.269
9 0.260 37.7 0.593 47.1 283.4 143.6 0.413 1.260
10 0.298 39.3 0.624 49.8 333.2 151.9 0.411 1.253
11 0.337 41.7 0.669 53.5 386.7 163.3 0.410 1.249
12 0.379 44.7 0.723 58.6 445.3 178.7 0.404 1.233
13 0.423 51.9 0.843 68.7 514.0 209.5 0.402 1.227
14 0.475 53.0 0.870 71.7 585.7 218.7 0.398 1.213
15 0.528 56.3 0.933 77.0 662.7 234.9 0.397 1.212
16 0.585 58.7 0.982 82.0 744.7 250.1 0.392 1.197
17 0.643 59.0 0.999 84.0 828.7 256.2 0.390 1.189
18 0.702 61.7 1.054 90.0 918.7 274.5 0.384 1.172
19 0.764 64.0 1.105 95.0 1013.7 289.8 0.382 1.164
20 0.828 66.0 1.152 99.5 1113.2 303.5 0.380 1.158
21 0.894 67.7 1.194 104.0 1217.2 317.2 0.376 1.148
22 0.962 69.7 1.242 110.0 1327.2 346.5 0.358 1.129
23 1.031 71.3 1.285 115.0 1442.2 362.3 0.355 1.117
24 1.103 72.7 1.323 120.0 1562.2 378.0 0.350 1.102
25 1.175 74.0 1.361 125.0 1687.2 393.8 0.346 1.089
26 1.249 75.3 1.400 130.0 1817.2 409.4 0.342 1.077
27 1.325 76.0 1.428 135.0 1952.2 425.3 0.336 1.057
28 1.401 77.0 1.461 137.6 2089.8 433.5 0.337 1.062
29 1.478 77.3 1.483 141.6 2231.4 446.0 0.332 1.047
30 1.555 77.7 1.504 145.5 2376.9 458.5 0.328 1.034
31 1.633 78.0 1.526 149.5 2526.4 470.9 0.324 1.020
32 1.711 78.7 1.553 154.5 2680.9 486.5 0.319 1.005
33 1.789 78.7 1.568 157.4 2838.3 495.9 0.316 0.996
34 1.868 77.7 1.564 160.4 2998.7 505.2 0.310 0.975
35 1.946 77.7 1.578 162.6 3161.3 520.2 0.303 0.971
36
37 2.023
2.100 77.0
77.0 1.579
1.592 163.9
166.8 3325.1
3492.0 524.4
533.8 0.301
0.298 0.963
0.955
38 2.177 76.3 1.592 169.7 3661.7 543.2 0.293 0.938
39 2.254 75.3 1.585 172.7 3834.4 552.5 0.287 0.918
40 2.329 74.0 1.571 173.6 4008.0 555.7 0.283 0.905
41 2.403 73.0 1.563 174.6 4182.6 558.8 0.280 0.895
42 2.476 72.0 1.554 175.6 4358.2 561.9 0.277 0.885
43 2.548 71.0 1.545 175.7 4533.9 571.1 0.270 0.879
44 2.619 70.0 1.535 176.7 4710.6 574.3 0.267 0.868
45 2.689 69.0 1.524 177.7 4888.3 577.4 0.264 0.858
46 2.758 68.0 1.513 179.6 5067.9 583.7 0.259 0.842
47 2.826 67.0 1.501 180.6 5248.5 586.9 0.256 0.831
48 2.893 65.0 1.469 181.6 5430.1 590.0 0.249 0.809
49 2.958 64.0 1.456 182.5 5612.6 593.2 0.245 0.798
50 3.022 63.0 1.443 184.5 5797.1 599.5 0.241 0.782
51 3.085 62.0 1.429 185.4 5982.5 602.7 0.237 0.771
52 3.147 61.0 1.415 187.4 6169.9 609.0 0.232 0.755
53 3.208 59.0 1.380 187.4 6357.2 609.0 0.227 0.736
54 3.267 57.0 1.344 187.4 6544.6 609.0 0.221 0.718
55 3.324 55.0 1.308 188.3 6733.0 612.1 0.214 0.695
56 3.379 53.0 1.272 189.3 6922.3 615.3 0.207 0.672
1
Diets containing 2950; 3000; 3100; 3150 and 3200 kcal ME/kg
thefor
phases of 1-7; 8-21; 22-34; 35-42; 43-56 days
age.
of
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 113

Table 2.09 - Equations Used to Estimate Available Phosphorus


(Pav) and Digestible Phosphorus (Pdig) Requirements
and Calcium:Phosphorus Ratio for Male and Female
Broilers1

Req.(g/day) = (P for Maintenance) + (P for Weight Gain)

AVA ILA BL E PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT


Equation 8 – 21 days: Y (g Pav/day) = 0.026 x W0.75 + 5.2 x G
W = Av. Weight (kg); 5.2 = g Pav. / kg Gain; G = Daily Gain (kg)

Equation 22 – 56 days: Y ( g Pav/day) = 0.026 x W 0.75 + 5.5 x G


W = Av. Weight (kg); 5.5 = g Pav. / kg Gain; G = Daily Gain (kg)
Recommended Total Ca:Available P Ratio: 2.13
E.g.: 14-d-old male broilers
Av. Weight: 0.450 kg; G: 0.0524 kg / day; Intake : 72.32 g / day

Y (g Pav/day) : 0.026 x (0.450)0.75 + 5.2 x 0.0524 = 0.287 g.


% Pav : (0.287 x 100) / 72.32 = 0.396 %
% Ca in the Diet : 0.396 x 2.13 = 0.843 %

TRUE DIGESTIBLE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT

Equation 8 – 21 days: Y (g Pdig/day) = 0.026 W0.75 + 4.53 x G


W = Av. Weight; 4.53 = g Pdig. / kg gain; G = Daily Gain

Equation 22 – 56 days: Y (g Pdig/day) = 0.026 P 0.75 + 5.0 x F


W = Av. weight; 5.0 = g Pdig. / kg gain; G = Daily Gain
Recommended Total Ca:Digestible P Ratio: 2.35

1.
Daily phosphorus requirements for maintenance and gain were estimated from the
values of Bünzen 2009 (PhD Thesis, UFV), Klis and Versteegh (1999), and
performance data obtained in theses at UFV.
114 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.10 - Nutritional requirements of available phosphorus, true


digestible phosphorus of standard and high
performance males and females broilers using the
equations on Table 2.09
Age Weight Gain Intake Pav Pav Pdig Pdig. Calcium1,
days kg g/day g/day g/day % g/day % %
Standard Performanc e Males
1–7 0.112 21.15 24.83 -- 0.470 -- 0.395 0.920
8 0.207 31.3 40.0 0.171 0.427 0.150 0.374 0.894
14
21 0.450
0.886 52.4
74.7 72.3
115.2 0.287
0.412 0.396
0.358 0.252
0.362 0.348
0.314 0.831
0.750
28 1.464 91.3 158.6 0.537 0.338 0.491 0.310 0.724
35 2.131 98.8 192.3 0.589 0.306 0.540 0.281 0.656
42 2.833 97.0 209.0 0.590 0.282 0.542 0.259 0.605
49 3.470 84.8 210.8 0.533 0.253 0.490 0.233 0.543
56 4.043 77.0 209.3 0.498 0.238 0.459 0.219 0.515
High Performanc e Males
1-7 0.120 21.8 25.25 -- 0.470 -- 0.395 0.920
8 0.218 35.7 44.6 0.194 0.435 0.170 0.382 0.910
14 0.502 62.2 83.3 0.339 0.407 0.297 0.357 0.853
21 1.000 82.0 123.3 0.452 0.367 0.397 0.322 0.770
28 1.621 96.1 162.4 0.566 0.348 0.518 0.319 0.745
35 2.320 104.5 195.1 0.624 0.320 0.571 0.293 0.685
42 3.036 100.5 208.0 0.612 0.294 0.562 0.270 0.630
49 3.704 87.7 210.8 0.552 0.262 0.508 0.241 0.562
56 4.282 76.0 208.2 0.495 0.238 0.457 0.220 0.530
Standard Performanc e Females
1-7 0.111 22.3 25.8 -- 0.470 -- 0.395 0.920
8 0.210 35.0 43.9 0.190 0.433 0.167 0.379 0.900
14 0.439 46.0 64.6 0.253 0.392 0.222 0.344 0.822
21
28 0.814
1.271 60.0
72.0 95.0
136.0 0.334
0.427 0.352
0.314 0.294
0.391 0.310
0.288 0.740
0.673
35 1.793 75.0 162.0 0.453 0.279 0.415 0.256 0.600
42 2.311 72.0 180.5 0.445 0.246 0.409 0.226 0.530
49 2.788 61.0 185.5 0.392 0.211 0.361 0.195 0.500
56 3.186 48.0 188.0 0.326 0.173 0.302 0.161 0.490
High Perfor mance Fema les
1-7 0.116 23.9 27.3 -- 0.470 -- 0.395 0.920
8 0.223 37.0 45.5 0.201 0.442 0.176 0.387 0.910
14 0.475 53.0 71.7 0.290 0.405 0.255 0.356 0.850
21 0.894 67.7 104.0 0.376 0.361 0.330 0.318 0.758
28 1.401 77.0 137.6 0.457 0.332 0.418 0.304 0.711
35 1.946 77.7 162.6 0.470 0.289 0.431 0.265 0.619
42 2.476 72.0 175.6 0.447 0.255 0.411 0.234 0.550
49 2.958 64.0 182.5 0.411 0.225 0.379 0.207 0.520
56 3.379 53.0 189.3 0.356 0.188 0.330 0.174 0.500
1
Mean %Ca calculated multiplying avail P% by the factor 2.13 and dig P% by the factor 2.35.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 115

Table 2.11 - Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate Amino


Acid Requirements of Broilers
Phases
Amino Acid PreStarter – Starter Grower – Finisher
1 – 21 days 22 – 56 days
Dig. Total Dig. Total

Lysine
Methionine %
% 100
39 100
38 100
40 100
39
Methionine + Cystine % 72 72 73 73
Threonine % 65 68 65 68
Tryptophan % 17 17 18 18
Arginine % 108 105 108 105
Glycine + Serine % 147 150 134 137
Valine % 77 79 78 80
Isoleucine % 67 67 68 68
Leucine % 107 107 108 108
Histidine % 37 37 37 37
Phenylalanine % 63 63 63 63
Phen + Tyr % 115 115 115 115
116 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.12 - Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Males with Below


Average Performance1
Age, days
1-7 8-21 22-33 34-42 43-46
Weight Range kg 0.04-0.18 0.21-0.79 0.85-1.68 1.77-2.46 2.55-2.80
Average Weight kg. 0.100 0.463 1.330 2,198 2.675
Gain g/day 19.6 45.8 77.6 87.0 85.7
Intake g/day 23.0 65.8 137.0 181.0 202.0
Avail. P Requirement g/day 0.108 0.253 0.459 0.525 0.525
Dig.P Requirement g/day 0.091 0.222 0.421 0.481 0.483
Dig. Lys Requirement g/day 0.300 0.751 1.432 1.754 1.800
Metabolizable Energy kcal/kg 2925 2980 3050 3100 3150
Nutrient
Protein % 22.00 20.00 19.00 17.80 17.00
Calcium % 0.920 0.860 0.750 0.650 0.582
Available Phosphorus % 0.470 0.384 0.335 0.290 0.260
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.395 0.337 0.307 0.266 0.239
Potassium % 0.590 0.585 0.580 0.580 0.580
Sodium % 0.220 0.210 0.200 0.195 0.190
Chlorine % 0.200 0.190 0.180 0.170 0.165
Linoleic acid % 1.090 1.060 1.040 1.020 1.000
Digestible Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.304 1.141 1.045 0.969 0.891
Methionine % 0.509 0.445 0.418 0.388 0.356
Methionine + Cystine % 0.939 0.822 0.763 0.707 0.650
Threonine % 0.848 0.742 0.679 0.630 0.579
Tryptophan % 0.222 0.194 0.188 0.174 0.160
Arginine % 1.409 1.233 1.129 1.047 0.962
Glycine + Serine % 1.917 1.678 1.401 1.299 1.194
Valine % 1.004 0.879 0.815 0.756 0.695
Isoleucine % 0.874 0.765 0.711 0.659 0.606
Leucine % 1.396 1.221 1.129 1.047 0.962
Histidine % 0.483 0.422 0.387 0.359 0.330
Phenylalanine
Phen + Tyr % 0.822
1.500 0.719
1.313 0.659
1.202 0.611
1.114 0.561
1.025
Total Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.437 1.258 1.152 1.068 0.982
Methionine % 0.546 0.478 0.438 0.406 0.373
Methionine + Cystine % 1.035 0.906 0.841 0.780 0.717
Threonine % 0.977 0.855 0.783 0.726 0.668
Tryptophan % 0.244 0.214 0.207 0.192 0.177
Arginine % 1.509 1.321 1.210 1.121 1.031
Glycine + Serine % 2.156 1.887 1.578 1.463 1.345
Valine % 1.135 0.994 0.922 0.854 0.786
Isoleucine % 0.963 0.843 0.783 0.726 0.668
Leucine % 1.538 1.347 1.244 1.153 1.061
Histidine % 0.532 0.465 0.426 0.395 0.363
Phenylalanine % 0.905 0.793 0.726 0.673 0.619
Phen + Tyr % 1.653 1.447 1.325 1.228 1.129
1
Nutrient percentage was determined using Tables 2.02 (dig. Lys requirement.), 2.11 (amino acid /
lysine ratio) and 2.09 (phosphorus requirement). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average lysine true digestibility of 90.7%.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 117

Table 2.13 - Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Males with


Standard Performance1
Age, days
1-7 8-21 22-33 34-42 43-46
Weight Range kg 0.04-0.18 0.21-0.89 0.96-1.94 2.03-2.83 2.93-3.21
Average Weight kg 0.104 0.503 1.430 2.431 3.069
Gain g/day 21.1 53.9 89.3 99.7 91.4
Intake g/day 24.8 75.7 153.6 201.3 209.6
Avail. P Requirement g/day 0.115 0.296 0.525 0.599 0.563
Dig.P Requirement g/day 0.101 0.260 0.480 0.549 0.517
Dig. Lys Requirement g/day 0.325 0.889 1.656 2.030 1.961
Metabolizable energy kcal/kg 2950 3000 3100 3150 3200
Nutrients
Protein % 22.20 20.80 19.50 18.00 17.30
Calcium % 0.920 0.819 0.732 0.638 0.576
Avail. P Requirement % 0.470 0.391 0.342 0.298 0.260
Dig.P Requirement % 0.395 0.343 0.313 0.273 0.247
Potassium % 0.590 0.585 0.580 0.580 0.580
Sodium % 0.220 0.210 0.200 0.195 0.190
Chlorine % 0.200 0.190 0.180 0.170 0.165
Linoleic acid % 1.090 1.060 1.040 1.020 1.000
Digestible Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.310 1.174 1.078 1.010 0.936
Methionine % 0.511 0.458 0.431 0.404 0.374
Methionine + Cystine % 0.944 0.846 0.787 0.737 0.683
Threonine % 0.852 0.763 0.701 0.656 0.608
Tryptophan % 0.223 0.200 0.194 0.182 0.168
Arginine % 1.415 1.268 1.164 1.091 1.011
Glycine + Serine % 1.926 1.726 1.445 1.353 1.254
Valine % 1.009 0.904 0.841 0.788 0.730
Isoleucine % 0.878 0.787 0.733 0.687 0.636
Leucine % 1.402 1.257 1.164 1.091 1.011
Histidine % 0.485 0.435 0.399 0.374 0.346
Phenylalanine
Phen + Tyr % 0.826
1.507 0.740
1.351 0.679
1.240 0.636
1.161 0.590
1.076
Total Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.444 1.294 1.189 1.114 1.032
Methionine % 0.549 0.492 0.464 0.434 0.402
Methionine + Cystine % 1.040 0.932 0.868 0.813 0.753
Threonine % 0.982 0.880 0.809 0.758 0.702
Tryptophan % 0.245 0.220 0.214 0.201 0.186
Arginine % 1.516 1.359 1.248 1.170 1.084
Glycine + Serine % 2.166 1.941 1.629 1.526 1.414
Valine % 1.141 1.022 0.951 0.891 0.826
Isoleucine % 0.967 0.867 0.809 0.758 0.702
Leucine % 1.545 1.385 1.284 1.203 1.115
Histidine % 0.534 0.479 0.440 0.412 0.382
Phenylalanine % 0.910 0.815 0.749 0.702 0.650
Phen + Tyr % 1.661 1.488 1.367 1.281 1.187
1
Nutrient percentage was determined using Tables 2.02 (dig. Lys requirement.), 2.11 (amino acid /
lysine ratio) and 2.09 (phosphorus requirement). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average lysine true digestibility of 90.7%.
118 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.14 - Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Males with High


Performance1
Age, days
1-7 8-21 22-33 34-42 43-46
Weight Range kg 0.04-0.19 0.22-1.00 1.08-2.12 2.22-3.04 3.14-3.43
Average Weight kg. 0.111 0.563 1.583 2.628 3.285
Gain g/day 21.8 61.7 94.5 102.2 97.1
Intake g/day 25.3 84.2 157.3 199.1 208.8
Avail. P Requirement g/day 0.115 0.338 0.556 0.616 0.597
Dig.P Requirement g/day 0.104 0.296 0.509 0.565 0.549
Dig. Lys Requirement g/day 0.335 1.025 1.779 2.110 2.100
Metabolizable energy kcal/kg 2960 3050 3150 3200 3250
Nutrients
Protein % 22.40 21.20 19.80 18.40 17.60
Calcium % 0.920 0.841 0.758 0.663 0.614
Available Phosphorus % 0.470 0.401 0.354 0.309 0.286
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.395 0.352 0.324 0.284 0.263
Potassium % 0.590 0.585 0.580 0.580 0.580
Sodium % 0.220 0.210 0.200 0.195 0.190
Chlorine % 0.200 0.190 0.180 0.170 0.165
Linoleic acid % 1.090 1.060 1.040 1.020 1.000
Digestible Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.324 1.217 1.131 1.060 1.006
Methionine % 0.516 0.475 0.452 0.424 0.402
Methionine + Cystine % 0.953 0.876 0.826 0.774 0.734
Threonine % 0.861 0.791 0.735 0.689 0.654
Tryptophan % 0.225 0.207 0.204 0.191 0.181
Arginine % 1.430 1.315 1.221 1.145 1.086
Glycine + Serine % 1.946 1.789 1.515 1.420 1.348
Valine % 1.020 0.937 0.882 0.827 0.785
Isoleucine % 0.887 0.816 0.769 0.721 0.684
Leucine % 1.417 1.303 1.221 1.145 1.086
Histidine % 0.490 0.450 0.418 0.392 0.372
Phenylalanine
Phen + Tyr % 0.834
1.523 0.767
1.400 0.713
1.301 0.668
1.219 0.634
1.157
Total Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.460 1.342 1.247 1.169 1.109
Methionine % 0.555 0.510 0.486 0.456 0.433
Methionine + Cystine % 1.051 0.966 0.910 0.853 0.810
Threonine % 0.993 0.913 0.848 0.795 0.754
Tryptophan % 0.248 0.228 0.224 0.210 0.200
Arginine % 1.533 1.409 1.309 1.227 1.164
Glycine + Serine % 2.190 2.013 1.708 1.602 1.519
Valine % 1.153 1.060 0.998 0.935 0.887
Isoleucine % 0.978 0.899 0.848 0.795 0.754
Leucine % 1.562 1.436 1.347 1.263 1.198
Histidine % 0.540 0.497 0.461 0.433 0.410
Phenylalanine % 0.920 0.845 0.786 0.736 0.699
Pheny + Tyr % 1.679 1.543 1.434 1.344 1.275
1
Nutrient percentage was determined using Tables 2.02 (dig. Lys requirement.), 2.11 (amino acid /
lysine ratio) and 2.09 (phosphorus requirement). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average lysine true digestibility of 90.7%.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 119

Table 2.15 - Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Females with


Below Average Performance1
Age, days
1-7 8-21 22-33 34-42 43-46
Weight Range kg 0.04-0.18 0.21-0.74 0.79-1.48 1.54-2.07 2.13-2.32
Average Weight kg. 0.100 0.442 1.189 1.874 2.228
Gain g/day 18.9 41.7 63.3 65.3 63.0
Intake g/day 22.5 61.1 121 156 171
Avail. P Requirement g/day 0.106 0.231 0.378 0.401 0.394
Dig.P Requirement g/day 0.089 0.203 0.346 0.368 0.362
Dig. Lys Requirement g/day 0.290 0.690 1.182 1.337 1.346
Metabolizable energy kcal/kg 2925 2980 3050 3100 3150
Nutrients
Protein % 21.60 20.00 18.80 17.30 16.80
Calcium % 0.920 0.793 0.688 0.551 0.494
Available Phosphorus % 0.470 0.378 0.312 0.257 0.230
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.395 0.332 0.286 0.236 0.212
Potassium % 0.590 0.560 0.555 0.550 0.540
Sodium % 0.220 0.200 0.195 0.185 0.180
Chlorine % 0.200 0.185 0.172 0.162 0.155
Linoleic acid % 1.090 1.060 1.040 1.020 1.000
Digestible Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.290 1.129 0.977 0.857 0.787
Methionine % 0.503 0.440 0.391 0.343 0.315
Methionine + Cystine % 0.929 0.813 0.713 0.626 0.575
Threonine % 0.838 0.734 0.635 0.557 0.512
Tryptophan % 0.219 0.192 0.176 0.154 0.142
Arginine % 1.393 1.219 1.055 0.926 0.850
Glycine + Serine % 1.896 1.660 1.309 1.148 1.055
Valine % 0.993 0.869 0.762 0.668 0.614
Isoleucine % 0.864 0.756 0.664 0.583 0.535
Leucine % 1.380 1.208 1.055 0.926 0.850
Histidine % 0.477 0.418 0.361 0.317 0.291
Phenylalanine
Phen + Tyr %
% 0.813
1.484 0.711
1.298 0.616
1.124 0.540
0.986 0.496
0.905
Total Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.422 1.245 1.077 0.945 0.868
Methionine % 0.540 0.473 0.420 0.369 0.339
Methionine + Cystine % 1.024 0.896 0.786 0.690 0.634
Threonine % 0.967 0.847 0.732 0.643 0.590
Tryptophan % 0.242 0.212 0.194 0.170 0.156
Arginine % 1.493 1.307 1.131 0.992 0.911
Glycine + Serine % 2.133 1.868 1.475 1.295 1.189
Valine % 1.123 0.984 0.862 0.756 0.694
Isoleucine % 0.953 0.834 0.732 0.643 0.590
Leucine % 1.522 1.332 1.163 1.021 0.937
Histidine % 0.526 0.461 0.398 0.350 0.321
Phenylalanine % 0.896 0.784 0.679 0.595 0.547
Phen + Tyr % 1.635 1.432 1.239 1.087 0.998
1
Nutrient percentage was determined using Tables 2.04 (dig. Lys requirement.), 2.11 (amino acid /
lysine ratio) and 2.09 (phosphorus requirement). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average lysine true digestibility of 90.7%.
120 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.16 - Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Females with


Standard Performance1
Age, days
1-7 8-21 22-33 34-42 43-46
Weight Range Kg 0.04-0.18 0.21-0.81 0.87-1.64 1.72-2.31 2.38-2.59
Average Weight Kg 0.102 0.482 1.245 2.016 2.488
Gain g/day 21.1 47.4 70.3 73.9 69.0
Intake g/day 25.8 67.8 131.0 170.8 182.5
Avail. P Requirement g/day 0.121 0.262 0.417 0.450 0.431
Dig.P Requirement g/day 0.106 0.230 0.382 0.413 0.397
Dig. Lys Requirement g/day 0.342 0.790 1.316 1.521 1.499
Metabolizable energy kcal/kg 2950 3000 3100 3150 3200
Nutrients
Protein % 21.80 20.40 19.00 17.50 17.00
Calcium % 0.920 0.809 0.683 0.566 0.506
Available Phosphorus % 0.470 0.386 0.319 0.264 0.236
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.395 0.339 0.292 0.242 0.217
Potassium % 0.590 0.560 0.555 0.550 0.540
Sodium % 0.220 0.200 0.195 0.185 0.180
Chlorine % 0.200 0.185 0.172 0.162 0.155
Linoleic acid % 1.090 1.060 1.040 1.020 1.000
Digestible Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.326 1.165 1.005 0.892 0.822
Methionine % 0.517 0.454 0.402 0.357 0.329
Methionine + Cystine % 0.954 0.839 0.733 0.651 0.600
Threonine % 0.862 0.757 0.653 0.580 0.534
Tryptophan % 0.225 0.198 0.181 0.161 0.148
Arginine % 1.432 1.258 1.085 0.963 0.888
Glycine + Serine % 1.949 1.713 1.346 1.195 1.101
Valine % 1.021 0.897 0.784 0.696 0.641
Isoleucine % 0.888 0.781 0.683 0.607 0.559
Leucine % 1.418 1.247 1.085 0.963 0.888
Histidine % 0.490 0.431 0.372 0.330 0.304

Phenylalanine
Phen + Tyr % 0.835
1.524 0.734
1.340 0.633
1.155 0.562
1.026 0.518
0.945
Total Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.462 1.284 1.108 0.983 0.906
Methionine % 0.556 0.488 0.432 0.383 0.353
Methionine + Cystine % 1.053 0.924 0.809 0.718 0.661
Threonine % 0.994 0.873 0.753 0.668 0.616
Tryptophan % 0.249 0.218 0.199 0.177 0.163
Arginine % 1.535 1.348 1.163 1.032 0.951
Glycine + Serine % 2.193 1.926 1.518 1.347 1.241
Valine % 1.155 1.014 0.886 0.786 0.725
Isoleucine % 0.980 0.860 0.753 0.668 0.616
Leucine % 1.564 1.374 1.197 1.062 0.978
Histidine % 0.541 0.475 0.410 0.364 0.335
Phenylalanine % 0.921 0.809 0.698 0.619 0.571
Phen + Tyr % 1.681 1.477 1.274 1.130 1.042
1
Nutrient percentage was determined using Tables 2.04 (dig. Lys requirement.), 2.11 (amino acid /
lysine ratio) and 2.09 (phosphorus requirement). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average lysine true digestibility of 90.7%.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 121

Table 2.17 - Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Females with


High Performance1
Age, days
1-7 8-21 22-33 35-42 43-56
Weight Range Kg 0.04-0.19 0.22-0.89 0.96-1.79 1.87-2.48 2.55-2.76
Average Weight Kg 0.107 0.524 1.368 2.175 2.654
Gain g/day 22.6 52.8 75.5 75.6 69.5
Intake g/day 27.3 73.3 135.1 168.9 177.4
Avail. P Requirement g/day 0.129 0.291 0.448 0.462 0.436
Dig.P Requirement g/day 0.113 0.255 0.410 0.425 0.402
Dig. Lys Requirement g/day 0.366 0.880 1.428 1.576 1.529
Metabolizable energy kcal/kg 2960 3050 3150 3200 3250
Nutrients
Protein % 22.00 20.80 19.20 17.80 17.10
Calcium % 0.920 0.831 0.711 0.587 0.528
Available Phosphorus % 0.470 0.396 0.332 0.274 0.246
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.395 0.348 0.304 0.251 0.226
Potassium % 0.590 0.560 0.555 0.550 0.540
Sodium % 0.220 0.200 0.195 0.185 0.180
Chlorine % 0.200 0.185 0.172 0.162 0.155
Linoleic acid % 1.090 1.060 1.040 1.020 1.000
Digestible Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.341 1.201 1.057 0.933 0.862
Methionine % 0.523 0.468 0.423 0.373 0.345
Methionine + Cystine % 0.965 0.864 0.772 0.681 0.629
Threonine % 0.871 0.780 0.687 0.607 0.560
Tryptophan % 0.228 0.204 0.190 0.168 0.155
Arginine % 1.448 1.297 1.142 1.008 0.931
Glycine + Serine % 1.971 1.765 1.416 1.250 1.155
Valine % 1.032 0.924 0.824 0.728 0.672
Isoleucine % 0.898 0.804 0.719 0.635 0.586
Leucine % 1.435 1.285 1.142 1.008 0.931
Histidine % 0.496 0.444 0.391 0.345 0.319
Phenylalanine
Phen + Tyr % 0.845
1.542 0.756
1.381 0.666
1.216 0.588
1.073 0.543
0.991
Total Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.478 1.324 1.165 1.029 0.950
Methionine % 0.562 0.503 0.454 0.401 0.371
Methionine + Cystine % 1.064 0.953 0.850 0.751 0.694
Threonine % 1.005 0.900 0.792 0.700 0.646
Tryptophan % 0.251 0.225 0.210 0.185 0.171
Arginine % 1.552 1.390 1.223 1.080 0.998
Glycine + Serine % 2.217 1.986 1.596 1.410 1.302
Valine % 1.168 1.046 0.932 0.823 0.760
Isoleucine % 0.990 0.887 0.792 0.700 0.646
Leucine % 1.581 1.417 1.258 1.111 1.026
Histidine % 0.547 0.490 0.431 0.381 0.352
Phenylalanine % 0.931 0.834 0.734 0.648 0.599
Phen + Tyr % 1.700 1.523 1.340 1.183 1.093
1
Nutrient percentage was determined using Tables 2.04 (dig. Lys requirement.), 2.11 (amino acid /
lysine ratio) and 2.09 (phosphorus requirement). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average lysine true digestibility of 90.7%.
122 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 123

Nutrit ional Re quir ements of Repla cement


Pullets and Layers
124 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 125

Table 2.18 - Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate Amino


Acid Requirements of White-Egg and Brown-Egg
Replacement Pullets
Phase Starter Grower Developer
Age (weeks) 1–6 7 - 12 13 – 18
Amino acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine 100 100 100 100 100 100
Methionine 40 40 44 44 45 45
Methionine + Cystine 73 73 80 80 82 83
Threonine 67 70 68 71 69 72
Tryptophan 18 18 20 20 22 22
Arginine 107 105 108 106 110 107
Glycine + Serine 125 130 115 120 106 110
Valine 76 78 80 81 82 83
Isoleucine 69 70 75 76 77 78
Leucine 112 111 118 117 125 124
Histidine 37 37 38 38 39 39
Phenylalanine 66 66 69 69 72 72
Phen + Tyr 121 120 125 125 130 130
126 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.19 - Nutritional Requirements of White-Egg Replacement


Pullets as a Function of Dietary Energy Level1

Phase Starter Grower Developer


Age (weeks) 1- 6 7 - 12 13 - 18
ME kcal/kg 2.900 2.900 2.900
Crude Protein % 18.00 16.0 14.0
Calcium % 0.940 0.832 0.800
Available Phosphorus % 0.437 0.392 0.310
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.367 0.334 0.275
Potassium % 0.530 0.520 0.500
Sodium % 0.180 0.160 0.150
Chlorine % 0.160 0.150 0.140
Linoleic Acid % 1.027 1.000 0.980
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine % 0.876 0.973 0.621 0.690 0.483 0.537
Methionine % 0.350 0.389 0.273 0.304 0.217 0.242
Methionine + Cystine % 0.640 0.710 0.497 0.552 0.396 0.446
Threonine % 0.587 0.681 0.422 0.490 0.333 0.387
Tryptophan % 0.158 0.175 0.124 0.138 0.106 0.118
Arginine % 0.937 1.022 0.671 0.731 0.531 0.575
Glycine + Serine % 0.675 1.265 0.478 0.828 0.372 0.591
Valine % 0.666 0.759 0.497 0.559 0.396 0.446
Isoleucine % 0.604 0.681 0.466 0.524 0.372 0.419
Leucine % 0.981 1.080 0.733 0.807 0.604 0.666
Histidine % 0.324 0.360 0.236 0.262 0.188 0.209
Phenylalanine % 0.578 0.642 0.429 0.476 0.348 0.387
Phen + Tyr % 1.060 1.168 0.776 0.863 0.628 0.698
1
Amino acid percentage was determined using the recommended dig. Lys level and the amino acid
/ lysine ratio on Table 2.18. Total lysine requirement was calculated considering an average
lysine true digestibility of 90%.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 127

Table 2.20 - Nutritional Requirements of Brown-Egg Replacement


Pullets as a Function of Dietary Energy Level1
Phase Starter Grower Developer
Age (weeks) 1-6 7 - 12 13 - 18
ME Kcal/Kg 2.900 2.900 2.900
Crude Protein % 18.00 16.00 14.00
Calcium % 0.940 0.815 0.780
Available Phosphorus % 0.430 0.380 0.305
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.365 0.325 0.275
Potassium % 0.530 0.520 0.500
Sodium % 0.180 0.160 0.150
Chlorine % 0.160 0.150 0.140
Linoleic Acid % 1.044 1.030 1.018
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine % 0.847 0.943 0.611 0.679 0.467 0.519
Methionine % 0.339 0.377 0.269 0.299 0.210 0.234
Methionine + Cystine % 0.619 0.688 0.489 0.543 0.383 0.431
Threonine % 0.568 0.660 0.416 0.482 0.322 0.374
Tryptophan % 0.153 0.170 0.122 0.136 0.103 0.114
Arginine % 0.907 0.990 0.660 0.720 0.514 0.555
Glycine + Serine % 0.652 1.226 0.470 0.815 0.360 0.571
Valine % 0.645 0.736 0.489 0.550 0.383 0.431
Isoleucine % 0.585 0.660 0.458 0.516 0.360 0.405
Leucine % 0.950 1.047 0.721 0.794 0.584 0.644
Histidine % 0.314 0.349 0.232 0.258 0.182 0.202
Phenylalanine % 0.560 0.622 0.422 0.469 0.336 0.374
Phen + Tyr % 1.026 1.132 0.764 0.849 0.607 0.675
1
Amino acid percentage was determined using the recommended dig. Lys level and the amino acid
/ lysine ratio on Table 2.18. Total lysine requirement was calculated considering an average
lysine true digestibility of 90%.
128 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.21 - Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine


Requirement of White-Egg and Brown-Egg Layers
in g/bird/day and in %1

Dig. Lys (g/ bird/ day) = 0.07 W0.75 + 0.020 G + 0.0124 Egg

W = Body Weight in kg;


G = Weight gain/ bird/ day in g
Egg = Egg mass, g egg/ bird/ day = % lay x Egg Weight
100
Example:
W = 1.601 kg, with: P0.75 = 1.423
G = 0.3 g/ bird/ day
Egg = 55.5 g/ bird/ day

Dig. Lys Req. = 0.07 x 1.423 + 0.020 x 0.3 + 0.0124 x 55.5 = 0.794 g/day
Estimated Feed Intake = 104.9 g/day
Lysine dig. in the Diet = 0.794 x 100 = 0.757%
104.9
1
Daily digestible lysine requirement for maintenance = 0.07 x (Av. weight)0.75. Estimated
according to the values obtained by Fisher, 1998 (Poultry Sci. 77:124), Edwards et. al.,
1999 (Poultry Sci. 78:1412) and Siqueira, 2009 (PhD thesis – UNESP, Jaboticabal,
SP). Digestible lysine requirement for weight gain was estimated as 0.020 g/g daily
gain, considering results of broiler trials. The value 0.0124 g. dig. lysine/g egg mass
was determined using the results of dose-response trials carried out at UFV, being 7
with white-egg layers, 6 with brown-egg layers and 2 with broiler breeders hens.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 129

Table 2.22 - Equation Used to Estimate Metabolizable Energy (ME)


Requirement of White-Egg and Brown-Egg Layers in
kcal/bird/day1

ME (kcal/ bird/ day) = 115.5 W0.75 + 7.62 G + 2.4 Egg + 3 W0.75 (21 - T)

W = Body Weight in kg;


G = Weight Gain g /bird/ day
Egg = g egg/ bird/ day = % lay x Egg weight
100
T = Average Temperature in oC

Example:
W = 1.601 kg, with W0.75 = 1.423
G = 0.3 g/ bird/ day
Egg = 55.5 g/ bird/ day
T = 20 oC

ME Req. = 115.50 x 1.423 + 7.62 x 0.3 + 2.4 x 55.5 + 3 x 1.423 (21 - 20)
ME = 164.36 + 2.286 + 133.2 + 4.269 = 304 kcal/ bird/ day
ME in the Diet = 2900 kcal/ kg
Estimated Feed Intake = 104.9 g/day
1
The equation that estimates daily ME requirement was based on the values of
Sakomura 1989 (PhD Thesis – UFV) and Sakomura and Rostagno (2007) .
130 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.23 - True Digestible Lysine Requirements (Dig. Lys)


of White-
Egg Layers as a Function of Productivity
Age Weight Gain Egg Production Egg Mass LysDig.1 MEReq2 Intake3 Dig.
Weight Lys
(week) (kg) (g/day) (g) (%) (g/day) (g/day) (kcal/day) g/day (%)
25 1.520 2.1 54.7 92.4 50.5 0.765 300 103.4 0.740
26 1.535 2.1 55.7 93.0 51.8 0.782 304 104.9 0.746
27 1.550 1.0 56.5 93.4 52.7 0.771 299 103.0 0.748
28 1.557 1.0 57.3 93.8 53.7 0.783 302 104.0 0.753
29 1.564 1.0 57.9 93.2 54.0 0.787 303 104.4 0.754
30 1.571 0.7 58.5 93.1 54.4 0.787 302 104.3 0.755
31 1.576 0.7 58.8 93.0 54.7 0.791 303 104.6 0.756
32 1.581 0.7 59.2 92.9 55.0 0.795 305 105.0 0.757
34
33 1.589
1.586 0.4 59.8
59.5 92.2
92.8 55.2
55.1 0.790
0.791 303 104.5 0.756
0.757
35 1.592 0.4 60.0 92.1 55.3 0.792 304 104.7 0.757
36 1.594 0.4 60.3 92.0 55.4 0.795 304 104.9 0.758
37 1.597 0.3 60.5 91.4 55.3 0.791 303 104.6 0.756
38 1.599 0.3 60.8 91.3 55.5 0.793 304 104.8 0.757
39 1.601 0.3 60.9 91.2 55.5 0.794 304 104.9 0.757
40 1.603 0.3 61.1 90.6 55.3 0.792 304 104.8 0.756
41 1.606 0.3 61.3 90.4 55.4 0.793 304 104.9 0.756
42 1.608 0.3 61.5 89.8 55.2 0.790 304 104.8 0.754
43 1.610 0.3 61.7 89.6 55.2 0.791 304 104.9 0.754
44 1.612 0.3 61.8 89.0 54.9 0.787 304 104.7 0.752
45 1.614 0.3 61.9 88.8 54.9 0.787 304 104.8 0.752
46 1.616 0.3 61.9 88.7 54.9 0.787 304 106.6 0.738
47 1.618 0.2 62.0 88.0 54.6 0.781 302 106.1 0.736
48 1.620 0.2 62.1 87.3 54.2 0.777 302 105.9 0.734
49 1.621 0.2 62.2 87.1 54.1 0.776 302 105.8 0.733
50 1.622 0.2 62.2 86.9 54.1 0.775 302 105.8 0.732
51 1.624 0.2 62.4 86.2 53.7 0.771 301 105.6 0.730
52 1.625 0.2 62.5 85.5 53.4 0.767 300 105.3 0.728
53 1.627 0.2 62.5 85.3 53.3 0.766 300 105.3 0.727
54 1.628 0.2 62.6 85.1 53.3 0.765 300 105.3 0.727
55 1.629 0.2 62.7 84.4 52.9 0.761 299 105.1 0.724
56 1.631 0.2 62.9 84.2 52.9 0.761 300 105.1 0.724
57 1.632 0.2 62.9 83.5 52.5 0.756 299 104.8 0.722
58 1.634 0.2 63.0 83.3 52.4 0.755 299 104.8 0.721
59 1.635 0.2 63.1 83.0 52.4 0.755 299 104.8 0.720
60 1.636 0.1 63.2 82.3 51.9 0.747 297 104.2 0.717
61 1.637 0.1 63.3 82.0 51.9 0.746 297 104.1 0.717
62 1.638 0.1 63.3 81.3 51.4 0.741 296 103.8 0.714
63 1.638 0.1 63.5 80.5 51.0 0.736 295 103.5 0.712
64 1.639 0.1 63.5 80.2 50.9 0.735 295 103.4 0.711
65 1.640 0.1 63.6 79.4 50.5 0.729 294 103.0 0.708
66 1.641 0.1 63.7 79.1 50.3 0.727 293 104.7 0.694
67 1.641 0.1 63.7 78.3 49.8 0.722 292 104.4 0.691
68 1.642 0.1 63.8 78.0 49.7 0.720 292 104.3 0.691
69 1.643 0.1 64.0 77.6 49.6 0.719 292 104.2 0.690
70 1.643 0.1 64.0 77.3 49.4 0.717 291 104.1 0.689
71 1.644 0.0 64.2 76.4 49.0 0.709 290 103.5 0.686
72 1.644 0.0 64.2 76.1 48.8 0.707 289 103.3 0.685
73 1.644 0.0 64.3 75.7 48.6 0.705 289 103.1 0.683
74 1.644 0.0 64.5 77.4 49.9 0.720 292 104.2 0.691
75 1.644 0.0 64.6 77.0 49.7 0.718 291 104.0 0.690
76 1.644 0.0 64.6 76.1 49.1 0.711 290 103.6 0.686
77 1.644 0.0 64.8 75.7 49.0 0.709 290 103.5 0.686
78 1.644 0.0 64.8 74.8 48.5 0.703 288 103.0 0.682
79 1.644 0.0 64.9 73.9 48.0 0.696 287 102.6 0.679
80 1.644 0.0 65.0 73.0 47.4 0.690 286 102.1 0.675
1
Determined by the equation on Table 2.21.
2
Determined by the equation on Table 2.22, for an environmental temperature of 20 oC.
3
Considering levels of 2900; 2850 and 2800 kcal ME/kg diet for the ages of 18 to 45; 46 to 65 and 66 to 80
weeks, respectively.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 131

Table 2.24 - True Digestible Lysine Requirements (Dig. Lys) of Brown-Egg


Layers as a Function of Productivity
Age Egg Egg Dig. ME Req2 Intake3
(week) Weight Gain Weight Production Mass Lys1 Dig. Lys
(kg) (g/day) (g) (%) (g/day) (g/day) (kcal/day) (g/day) (%)
25 1.795 1.5 57.8 93.0 53.7 0.806 325 111.9 0.720
26 1.806 1.5 58.7 93.5 54.8 0.819 328 112.9 0.725
27 1.816 1.4 59.2 94.0 55.6 0.828 330 113.7 0.728
28 1.826 1.3 59.7 95.0 56.7 0.840 333 114.7 0.733
29 1.836 1.3 60.2 94.2 56.7 0.840 333 114.9 0.731
30 1.845 1.3 60.7 93.6 56.8 0.842 334 115.2 0.731
31 1.855 0.5 61.0 93.5 57.0 0.829 329 113.6 0.730
32 1.858 0.5 61.3 93.2 57.1 0.830 330 113.6 0.730
33 1.862 0.5 61.7 92.8 57.2 0.831 330 113.8 0.730
34 1.865 0.3 61.9 92.2 57.1 0.826 329 113.3 0.729
35 1.868 0.3 62.1 92.1 57.2 0.828 329 113.5 0.729
36 1.870 0.3 62.3 92.0 57.2 0.828 329 113.6 0.729
37 1.872 0.3 62.5 91.3 57.0 0.825 329 113.4 0.728
38 1.875 0.3 62.6 91.2 57.0 0.826 329 113.6 0.728
39 1.877 0.3 62.7 91.1 57.1 0.826 329 113.6 0.728
40 1.879 0.3 62.9 90.9 57.1 0.827 330 113.6 0.727
41 1.881 0.3 63.0 90.3 56.9 0.824 329 113.6 0.726
42 1.883 0.3 63.1 90.1 56.8 0.824 329 113.6 0.725
43 1.886 0.7 63.2 90.0 56.8 0.831 332 114.6 0.725
44 1.890 0.3 63.3 89.8 56.8 0.824 330 113.8 0.724
45 1.893 0.3 63.3 89.7 56.7 0.823 330 113.8 0.724
46 1.895 0.3 63.4 89.0 56.4 0.819 329 115.6 0.709
47 1.898 0.3 63.5 88.8 56.3 0.817 329 115.4 0.708
48 1.900 0.3 63.6 88.6 56.3 0.818 329 115.6 0.708
49 1.902 0.2 63.6 88.4 56.2 0.814 328 115.2 0.707
50 1.903 0.2 63.7 88.1 56.1 0.813 328 115.2 0.706
51 1.905 0.2 63.8 87.4 55.7 0.808 327 114.8 0.704
52 1.906 0.2 63.8 87.1 55.5 0.806 327 114.7 0.702
53 1.908 0.2 63.9 86.9 55.5 0.805 327 114.7 0.702
54 1.909 0.2 63.9 86.1 55.0 0.800 326 114.4 0.699
55 1.910 0.2 64.0 85.9 54.9 0.799 326 114.4 0.699
56 1.912 0.2 64.0 85.6 54.8 0.797 326 114.3 0.698
57 1.913 0.2 64.1 84.9 54.4 0.792 325 114.0 0.695
58 1.915 0.2 64.2 84.6 54.3 0.791 325 113.9 0.694
59 1.916 0.2 64.2 83.9 53.8 0.786 324 113.6 0.692
60 1.917 0.2 64.3 83.6 53.7 0.784 324 113.5 0.691
61 1.919 0.1 64.3 82.8 53.2 0.776 322 112.9 0.688
62 1.920 0.1 64.4 82.5 53.1 0.775 322 112.8 0.687
63
64 1.920
1.921 0.1
0.1 64.5
64.5 81.7
81.4 52.7
52.5 0.770
0.767 321
320 112.5
112.3 0.684
0.683
65 1.922 0.1 64.6 80.7 52.1 0.762 319 112.0 0.681
66 1.922 0.1 64.7 80.3 51.9 0.760 319 113.9 0.667
67 1.923 0.1 64.8 79.4 51.4 0.754 318 113.5 0.664
68 1.924 0.1 64.8 79.0 51.2 0.751 317 113.3 0.663
69 1.924 0.1 64.9 78.1 50.6 0.744 316 112.8 0.660
70 1.925 0.1 64.9 77.2 50.1 0.738 315 112.4 0.656
71 1.926 0.1 65.1 76.3 49.6 0.732 314 112.0 0.653
72 1.927 0.1 65.1 75.4 49.0 0.725 312 111.5 0.650
73 1.927 0.1 65.2 75.0 48.9 0.722 312 111.4 0.649
74 1.928 0.1 65.2 74.1 48.3 0.715 311 110.9 0.645
75 1.929 0.1 65.3 73.2 47.8 0.709 309 110.5 0.642
76 1.929 0.1 65.3 72.8 47.5 0.706 309 110.3 0.640
77 1.930 0.1 65.4 71.9 47.0 0.700 308 109.9 0.637
78 1.931 0.1 65.4 71.0 46.4 0.692 306 109.4 0.633
79 1.931 0.1 65.5 70.2 45.9 0.686 305 109.0 0.630
80 1.932 0.1 65.6 69.7 45.7 0.683 305 108.8 0.628
1
Determined by the equation on Table 2.21.
2
Determined by the equation on Table 2.22, for an environmental temperature of 20 oC.
3
Levels of 2900; 2850 and 2800 kcal ME/kg diet were considered for the ages of 18 to 45; 46 to 65 and 66 to 80
weeks, respectively.
132 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.25 - Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate Amino


Acids Requirements of White-Egg and Brown-Egg
Layers

Amino Acid Digestible Total


Lysine 100 100
Methionine 50 49

Methionine + Cystine
Threonine 91
76 90
79
Tryptophan 23 23
Arginine 100 96
Glycine + Serine 77 80
Valine 95 95
Isoleucine 76 76
Leucine 122 119
Histidine 29 28
Phenylalanine 65 63
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine 118 115
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 133

Table 2.26 - Nutritional Requirements of White-Egg Layers (g/bird/d


ay)

Nutrient White-Egg Layers


Crude Protein 16.5
Calcium 4.02
Available Phosphorus 0.300
Digestible Phosphorus 0.270
Potassium 0.580
Sodium 0.225
Chlorine 0.200
Linoleic Acid 1.210
Body Weight, kg 1.500 1.600 1.650
Gain, g/day 1.0 0.2 0.0
Egg Mass, g/day 55.5 51.0 48.0
Amino Acid1 Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine 0.803 0.902 0.736 0.827 0.697 0.783
Methionine 0.402 0.442 0.368 0.405 0.349 0.384
Methionine + Cystine 0.731 0.812 0.670 0.744 0.634 0.705
Threonine 0.610 0.713 0.559 0.653 0.530 0.619
Tryptophan 0.185 0.207 0.169 0.190 0.160 0.180
Arginine 0.803 0.866 0.736 0.794 0.697 0.751
Glycine + Serine 0.618 0.722 0.567 0.662 0.537 0.626
Valine 0.763 0.857 0.699 0.786 0.662 0.744
Isoleucine 0.610 0.686 0.559 0.629 0.530 0.595
Leucine 0.980 1.073 0.898 0.984 0.850 0.932
Histidine 0.233 0.253 0.213 0.232 0.202 0.219
Phenylalanine 0.522 0.568 0.478 0.521 0.453 0.493
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine 0.948 1.037 0.868 0.951 0.822 0.900
1
Amino acids requirement were determined using Table 2.21 (dig. lysine equation) and
Table 2.25 (amino acid / lysine ratio). Total Lysine requirement was calculated
considering the average true lysine digestibility of 89%.
134 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.27 - Nutritional Requirements of Brown-Egg Layers (g/bird/day)

Nutrient Brown-Egg Layers


Crude Protein 17.0
Calcium 4.20
Available Phosphorus 0.300
Digestible Phosphorus 0.270
Potassium 0.590
Sodium 0.230
Chlorine 0.210
Linoleic Acid 1.210
Body Weight, kg 1.600 1.800 1.900
Gain, g/day 2.0 1.0 0.0
Egg Mass, g/day 57.0 52.0 48.0
Amino Acid1 Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine 0.846 0.951 0.774 0.870 0.708 0.796
Methionine 0.423 0.466 0.387 0.426 0.354 0.390
Methionine + Cystine 0.770 0.856 0.704 0.783 0.644 0.716
Threonine 0.643 0.751 0.588 0.687 0.538 0.629
Tryptophan 0.195 0.219 0.178 0.200 0.163 0.183
Arginine 0.846 0.913 0.774 0.835 0.708 0.764
Glycine + Serine 0.651 0.761 0.569 0.696 0.545 0.637
Valine 0.804 0.903 0.735 0.826 0.673 0.756
Isoleucine 0.643 0.723 0.588 0.661 0.538 0.605
Leucine 1.032 1.132 0.944 1.035 0.864 0.947
Histidine 0.245 0.266 0.224 0.244 0.205 0.223
Phenylalanine 0.550 0.599 0.503 0.548 0.460 0.501
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine 0.998 1.093 0.913 1.000 0.835 0.915
1
Amino acids requirement were determined using Table 2.21 (dig. lysine equation) and
Table 2.25 (amino acid / lysine ratio). Total Lysine requirement was calculated
considering the average true lysine digestibility of 89%.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 135

Table 2.28 - Energy Requirements (kcal/bir


d/day) and Feed Intake(g/bird/day) of
White-Egg and Brown-Egg Layers1.2
Body Weight (kg) 1.500 1.600 1.800
Weight Gain (g/ bird/ day) 2.0 1.0 0.0
Egg Mass (g/ bird/ day) 56.0 52.0 48.0 56.0 52.0 48.0 56.0 52.0 48.0
Average Temperature
1

16 °C 326.5 316.9 307.3 327.7 318.1 308.5 337.2 327.6 318.0


(112.6)2 (111.2) (109.8) (113.0) (111.6) (110.2) (116.3) (114.9) (113.6)

21 °C 306.2 296.6 287.0 306.3 296.7 287.1 313.9 304.3 294.7


(105.6) (104.1) (102.5) (105.6) (104.1) (102.5) (108.2) (106.8) (105.2)

26 °C 285.9 276.3 266.7 285.0 275.4 265.8 290.6 281.0 271.4


(98.6) (96.9) (95.2) (98.3) (96.6) (94.9) (100.2) (98.6) (96.9)

1
Energy requirements were determined using the equation on Table 2.22.
2
Feed intake was determined by dividing ME requirement / bird/ day by dietary ME content, considering
2900, 2850 and 2800 kcal ME/kg diet, for egg mass of 56, 52 and 48 g/day, respectively
136 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.29 - Nutritional Requirements (%) of White-Egg Layers as


a Function of Productivity, Metabolizable Energy and
Feed Intake
Body Weight, kg 1.500 1.600 1.650
Gain, g/day 1.0 0.2 0.0
Egg Mass, g/day 55.5 51.0 48.0
1
ME requirement, kcal/day
299 293 288
Dietary ME, kcal/kg 2900 2850 2800
2
Feed Intake,
Crude g/day
3
Protein % 103
16.02 103
16.02 103
16.02
Calcium % 3.90 3.90 3.90
Available Phosphorus % 0.291 0.291 0.291
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.262 0.262 0.262
Potassium % 0.563 0.563 0.563
Sodium % 0.218 0.218 0.218
Chlorine % 0.194 0.194 0.194
Linoleic Acid % 1.175 1.175 1.175
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine3 % 0.777 0.873 0.717 0.806 0.678 0.762
Methionine % 0.389 0.428 0.359 0.395 0.339 0.373
Methionine + Cystine % 0.707 0.786 0.652 0.725 0.61 7 0.686
Threonine % 0.591 0.690 0.545 0.637 0.515 0.602
Tryptophan % 0.179 0.201 0.165 0.185 0.156 0.175
Arginine % 0.777 0.838 0.717 0.774 0.678 0.732
Glycine + Serine % 0.598 0.698 0.552 0.645 0.522 0.610
Valine % 0.738 0.829 0.681 0.766 0.644 0.724
Isoleucine % 0.591 0.664 0.545 0.613 0.515 0.579
Leucine % 0.948 1.039 0.875 0.959 0.827 0.907
Histidine % 0.225 0.244 0.208 0.226 0.197 0.213
Phenylalanine % 0.505 0.550 0.466 0.508 0.441 0.480
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 0.917 1.004 0.846 0.927 0.800 0.876
1
Determined by the equation on Table 2.22 for an environmental temperature of 200C.
2
Determined by dividingdaily ME requirement by dietary MEcontent.
3
Nutrient percentage is determined using nutrient requirement in g/ bird/ day on Table 2.26
and ME intake in g/ bird/ day.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 137

Table 2.30 - Nutritional Requirements (%) of White-Egg Layers as a


Function of Productivity, Metab. Energy and Feed Intake,
Under Different Temperatures (High, Average and Low)
Body Weight, kg 1.47 1.6
Gain, g/day 1.5 0.5
Egg Mass, g/day 55 50
ME Requirement, kcal/day1 270 286 302 264 275 288
Intake, g/day2 93 100 108 91 97 103
3
Crude Protein % 17.7 16.5 15.3 18.1 17.0 16.0
Calcium % 4.32 4.02
3.72 4.42 4.14 3.9
Available Phosphorus % 0.323 0.300
0.278 0.330 0.309 0.291
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.290 0.270
0.250 0.297 0.278 0.262
Potassium % 0.624 0.580
0.537 0.637 0.598 0.563
Sodium % 0.242 0.225
0.208 0.247 0.232 0.218
Chlorine % 0.215 0.200
0.185 0.220 0.206 0.194
Linoleic Acid % 1.301 1.210
1.120 1.330 1.247 1.175
Digestible Amino Acids
Lysine3 % 0.866 0.804 0.748 0.805 0.755 0.711
Methionine % 0.433 0.402 0.374 0.403 0.378 0.356
Methionine + Cystine % 0.788 0.732 0.681 0.733 0.687 0.647
Threonine % 0.658 0.611 0.568 0.612 0.574 0.540
Tryptophan % 0.199 0.185 0.172 0.185 0.174 0.164
Arginine % 0.866 0.804 0.748 0.805 0.755 0.711
Glycine + Serine % 0.667 0.619 0.576 0.620 0.581 0.547
Valine % 0.823 0.764 0.711 0.765 0.717 0.675
Isoleucine % 0.658 0.611 0.568 0.612 0.574 0.540
Leucine % 1.057 0.981 0.913 0.982 0.921 0.867
Histidine % 0.251 0.233 0.217 0.233 0.219 0.206
Phenylalanine % 0.563 0.523 0.486 0.523 0.491 0.462
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 1.022 0.949 0.883 0.950 0.891 0.839
Total Amino Acids
Lysine % 0.973 0.903 0.840 0.904 0.848 0.799
Methionine % 0.477 0.443 0.412 0.443 0.416 0.391
Methionine + Cystine % 0.876 0.813 0.756 0.814 0.763 0.719
Threonine % 0.769 0.714 0.664 0.715 0.670 0.631
Tryptophan % 0.224 0.208 0.193 0.208 0.195 0.184
Arginine % 0.934 0.867 0.807 0.868 0.814 0.767
Glycine + Serine % 0.778 0.723 0.672 0.724 0.679 0.639
Valine % 0.924 0.858 0.798 0.859 0.806 0.759
Isoleucine % 0.740 0.687 0.639 0.687 0.645 0.607
Leucine % 1.158 1.075 1.000 1.076 1.009 0.951
Histidine % 0.272 0.253 0.235 0.253 0.238 0.224
Phenylalanine % 0.613 0.569 0.529 0.570 0.534 0.503
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 1.119 1.039 0.967 1.040 0.976 0.919
1 Determined by the equation on Table 2.22 for layers under different temperatures. 2 Determined by dividing daily
ME requirement by dietary ME content, considering levels of 2900, 2850 and 2800 kcal ME/ kg feed, respectively.
3Nutrient percentages are determined using nutrient requirements in g/ bird/ day on Tables 2.21, 2.25, 2.26 and
ME intake in g/ bird/ day.
138 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.31- Nutritional Requirements Brown-Egg Layers as a Function


of Productivity, Metabolizable Energy and Feed Intake
Body Weight, kg 1.600 1.800 1.900
Gain, g/day 2 1 0
Egg Mass, g/day 55 50 45
ME Requirement, kcal/day1316 312 300
Dietary ME, kcal/kg 2900 2850 2800
Feed Intake, g/day2 109 109 107
3

Crude Protein %
Calcium 15.60
% 3.85 15.60 3.8515.89 3.93
Available Phosphorus % 0.275 0.275 0.280
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.248 0.248 0.252
Potassium % 0.541 0.541 0.551
Sodium % 0.211 0.211 0.215
Chlorine % 0.193 0.193 0.196
Linoleic Acid % 1.110 1.110 1.131
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine3 % 0.754 0.847 0.684 0.769 0.627 0.704
Methionine % 0.377 0.415 0.342 0.377 0.314 0.345
Methionine + Cystine % 0.686 0.762 0.622 0.692 0.571 0.634
Threonine % 0.573 0.669 0.520 0.607 0.477 0.557
Tryptophan % 0.173 0.195 0.157 0.177 0.144 0.162
Arginine % 0.754 0.813 0.684 0.738 0.627 0.676
Glycine + Serine % 0.580 0.678 0.527 0.615 0.483 0.564
Valine % 0.716 0.805 0.650 0.730 0.596 0.669
Isoleucine % 0.573 0.644 0.520 0.584 0.477 0.535
Leucine % 0.920 1.008 0.834 0.915 0.765 0.838
Histidine % 0.219 0.237 0.198 0.215 0.182 0.197
Phenylalanine % 0.490 0.534 0.445 0.484 0.408 0.444
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 0.890 0.974 0.807 0.884 0.740 0.810
1
Determined by the equation on Table 2.22 for an environmental temperature of 200C.
2
Determined by dividingdaily ME requirement by dietary MEcontent.
3
Nutrient percentage is determined using nutrient requi
rement in g/ bird/ dayon Tables 2.21,
2.25, 2.27 and ME intake in g/ bird/ day.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 139

Table 2.32 - Nutritional Requirements (%) of Brown-Egg Layers as a


Function of Productivity, Metab. Energy and Feed Intake,
Under Different Temperatures (High, Average and Low)
Body Weight, kg 1.6 1.8
Gain, g/day 2 1
Egg Mass, g/day 55 50
ME Requirement, kcal/day1 282 299 316 274 293 312
Intake, g/day2 97 105 113 96 103 109
Crude Protein3 % 17.5 16.2 15.0 17.7 16.5 15.6
Calcium
Available Phosphorus % 4.33
0.309 4.00
0.286 3.72
0.265 4.38
0.313 4.08
0.291 3.85
0.275
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.278 0.2570.239 0.281 0.262 0.248
Potassium % 0.608 0.5620.522 0.615 0.573 0.541
Sodium % 0.237 0.2190.204 0.240 0.223 0.211
Chlorine % 0.216 0.2000.186 0.219 0.204 0.193
Linoleic Acid % 1.247 1.1521.071 1.260 1.175 1.110
Digestible Amino Acid
Lysine3 % 0.846 0.784 0.728 0.777 0.728 0.684
Methionine % 0.423 0.392 0.364 0.389 0.364 0.342
Methionine + Cystine % 0.770 0.713 0.663 0.708 0.663 0.623
Threonine % 0.643 0.596 0.554 0.591 0.553 0.520
Tryptophan % 0.195 0.180 0.168 0.179 0.167 0.157
Arginine % 0.846 0.784 0.728 0.777 0.728 0.684
Glycine + Serine % 0.651 0.604 0.561 0.598 0.561 0.527
Valine % 0.804 0.745 0.692 0.739 0.692 0.650
Isoleucine % 0.643 0.596 0.554 0.591 0.553 0.520
Leucine % 1.032 0.956 0.889 0.949 0.888 0.835
Histidine % 0.245 0.227 0.211 0.225 0.211 0.199
Phenylalanine % 0.550 0.509 0.473 0.505 0.473 0.445
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 0.998 0.925 0.860 0.917 0.859 0.808
Total Amino Acid
Lysine % 0.951 0.881 0.818 0.874 0.818 0.769
Methionine % 0.466 0.432 0.401 0.428 0.401 0.377
Methionine + Cystine % 0.856 0.793 0.737 0.786 0.736 0.692
Threonine % 0.751 0.696 0.647 0.690 0.646 0.608
Tryptophan % 0.219 0.203 0.188 0.201 0.188 0.177
Arginine % 0.913 0.845 0.786 0.839 0.785 0.738
Glycine + Serine % 0.760 0.705 0.655 0.699 0.654 0.615
Valine % 0.903 0.837 0.778 0.830 0.777 0.731
Isoleucine % 0.722 0.669 0.622 0.664 0.622 0.585
Leucine % 1.131 1.048 0.974 1.040 0.973 0.915
Histidine % 0.266 0.247 0.229 0.245 0.229 0.215
Phenylalanine % 0.599 0.555 0.516 0.550 0.515 0.485
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 1.093 1.013 0.941 1.005 0.941 0.884
1 Determined by the equation on Table 2.22 for layers under different temperatures.
2 Determined by dividing daily ME requirement by dietary ME content, considering levels of 2900, 2850 and 2800 kcal ME/
kg diet, respectively.
3 Nutrient percentages are determined using nutrient requirements in g/ bird/ day on Tables 2.21, 2.25, 2.26 and
ME intake in g/ bird/ day.
140 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 141

Nutritional Requirements of
Broiler Breeders
142 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 143

Table 2.33- Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate Amino Acid
Requirements of Replacement Broiler Breeder Pullets
Phase Starter Grower Developer
Age (weeks) 1- 6 7 – 12 13 – 18
Amino acid Digestible Total Digestible Total Digestible Total
Lysine 100 100 100 100 100 100
Methionine 40 40 43 44 45 45
Methionine + Cystine 73 73 79 80 82 83
Threonine 67 70 68 71 69 72
Tryptophan 18 18 20 20 22 22
Arginine 107 105 108 106 110 107
Glycine + Serine 135 140 130 135 125 130
Valine 76 78 80 81 82 83
Isoleucine 69 70 75 76 77 78
Leucine 112 111 118 117 125 124
Histidine 37 37 38 38 39 39
Phenylalanine 66 66 69 69 72 72
Phen + Tyr 121 120 125 125 130 130
144 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.34 - Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Breeder Pullets


as a Function of Dietary Energy Level1
Phases Starter Grower Developer
Age (Weeks) 1-6 7 - 12 13 – 18
ME kcal/kg 2.975 2.800 2.800
Crude Protein % 19.0 16.0 14.0
Calcium % 0.970 0.894 0.850
Available Phosphorus % 0.450 0.410 0.330
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.382 0.350 0.290
Potassium % 0.530 0.510 0.490
Sodium % 0.180 0.166 0.160
Chlorine % 0.160 0.150 0.150
Linoleic Acid % 1.078 1.053 1.010
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine % 0.925 1.027 0.613 0.680 0.571 0.636
Methionine % 0.371 0.411 0.268 0.300 0.257 0.286
Methionine + Cystine % 0.675 0.750 0.488 0.543 0.468 0.526
Threonine % 0.620 0.719 0.417 0.484 0.394 0.456
Tryptophan % 0.166 0.185 0.123 0.137 0.126 0.140
Arginine % 0.990 1.078 0.662 0.722 0.628 0.680
Glycine + Serine % 1.249 1.438 0.797 0.918 0.714 0.826

Valine
Isoleucine %
% 0.703
0.638 0.801
0.719 0.490
0.460 0.552
0.518 0.468
0.440 0.526
0.496
Leucine % 1.036 1.140 0.723 0.795 0.714 0.787
Histidine % 0.342 0.380 0.233 0.258 0.223 0.246
Phenylalanine % 0.611 0.678 0.423 0.470 0.411 0.456
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 1.119 1.232 0.766 0.851 0.742 0.826
1
Amino acid percentage was determined using the recommended dig. Lys level and the amino acid
/ lysine ratio on Table 2.33 Total lysine requirement was calculated considering an average lysine
true digestibility of 90%.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 145

Table 2.35 - Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine


Requirement of Broiler Breeders Hens in g/bird/day
and in %1

Dig. Lys (g/bird/day) = 0.07 W0.75 + 0.020 G + 0.0124 Egg


W = Body Weight, kg
G = Weight Gain, g/ bird/ day
Egg = Egg Mass, g egg/bird/day = % lay x Egg weight

Example: 100
W = 3.0 kg, with: W0.75 = 2.279
G = 10 g/ bird/ day
Egg = 47g/ bird/ day

Dig. Lys Req. = 0.07 x 2.279 + 0.020 x 10 + 0.0124 x 47 = 0.942g/day


Estimated Feed Intake = 164.0 g/ bird/ day
Dig. Lys in the feed = 0.942 x 100 = 0.575%
164.0
1
Daily digestible lysine requirement for maintenance = 0.07 x (Av. weight)0.75. Estimated
according to the values obtained by Fisher, 1998 (Poultry Sci. 77:124), Edwards et. al.,
1999 (Poultry Sci. 78:1412) and Siqueira, 2009 (PhD thesis – UNESP, Jaboticabal,
SP). Digestible lysine requirement for weight gain was estimated as 0.020 g/g daily
gain, considering results of broiler trials. The value 0.0124 g. dig. lysine/g egg mass
was determined using the results of dose-response trials carried out at UFV, being 7
with white-egg layers, 6 with brown-egg layers and 2 with broiler breeders hens.
146 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.36 - Equation Used to Estimate Metabolizable Energy


(ME) Requirement of Broiler Breeder Hens in
kcal/bird/day1

ME (kcal/bird/day) = 115.50.75
W + 7.62 G + 2.4 Egg + 3 W0.75 (21 - T)

W = Body Weight, kg
G = Weight Gain, g/ bird/ day
Egg = g egg/bird/day = % lay x egg weight
100
T = Average Temperature, C °

Example:
W = 3.483 kg, with: W0.75 = 2.549
G = 5.4 g/ bird/ day
Egg = 47.7g/ bird/ day
T = 20 C °

ME Req. = 115.50 x 2.549 + 7.62 5.4


x + 2.4 x 47.7+ 3.0 x 2.549 (21 -20)
ME = 294.41 + 41.15 + 114.48 + 5.098 = 458 kcal/ bird/ day
Feed ME = 2750 kcal/ kg
Estimated Feed Intake = 166.4 g/ bird/ day

1
The equation
Sakomura 1989that
(PhDestimates daily and
thesis – UFV) ME Sakomura
requirement
andwas based(2007)
Rostagno on the
. values of
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 147

Table 2.37 - True Digestible Lysine (Dig. Lys) Requirements of


Broiler Breeders Hens as a Function of Productivity
Age Egg Production
Weight Gain Weight Egg Dig. EM2 Intake3 Dig.
(weeks) Mass Lys1 Lys
(kg) (g/day) (g) (%) (g/day) (g/day) (kcal/day) (g/day) (%)
25 2.939 22.0 48.3 4.9 2.4 0.626 439 159.6 -4
26 3.093 19.8 52.1 18.8 9.8 0.681 451 164.0 - 44
27 3.231 15.5 53.5 44.8 24.0 0.777 462 167.8 -
28 3.340 12.3 54.8 66.3 36.3 0.869 474 172.3 -4
29 3.426 8.0 56.2 78.0 43.9 0.881 465 169.1 -4
30 3.483 5.4 57.3 83.3 47.7 0.877 457 166.3 0.527
31
32 3.520
3.546 3.8
2.3 58.5
59.4 85.3
85.6 49.9
50.8 0.874
0.857 453
446 164.7
162.1 0.531
0.529
33 3.563 2.1 59.8 84.9 50.8 0.854 445 162.0 0.527
34 3.578 2.0 60.5 84.2 50.9 0.854 446 162.1 0.527
35 3.592 2.0 61.2 83.3 51.0 0.855 447 162.4 0.526
36 3.606 2.0 61.9 82.4 51.0 0.856 448 162.8 0.526
37 3.620 2.0 62.2 81.5 50.7 0.852 448 162.9 0.523
38 3.634 2.0 62.8 80.6 50.7 0.853 449 163.2 0.522
39 3.648 2.0 63.1 79.6 50.2 0.848 449 163.1 0.520
40 3.662 2.0 63.8 78.5 50.1 0.846 449 163.3 0.518
41 3.676 2.0 64.0 77.5 49.6 0.841 449 163.2 0.515
42 3.690 2.0 64.6 76.6 49.5 0.840 449 163.4 0.514
43 3.704 2.0 64.9 75.6 49.0 0.835 449 163.4 0.511
44 3.718 2.0 65.2 74.7 48.7 0.831 449 163.4 0.509
45 3.732 2.0 65.4 73.7 48.2 0.826 449 163.3 0.506
46 3.746 2.0 65.7 72.8 47.8 0.821 449 163.3 0.503
47 3.760 2.0 65.9 71.8 47.3 0.816 449 163.2 0.500
48 3.774 2.0 66.2 70.8 46.9 0.811 449 163.1 0.497
49 3.788 2.0 66.4 69.8 46.4 0.805 448 163.0 0.494
50 3.802 2.0 66.7 68.8 45.9 0.799 448 162.9 0.491
51 3.816 2.0 67.0 67.5 45.2 0.792 447 162.6 0.487
52 3.830 2.0 67.5 66.5 44.9 0.788 447 162.7 0.484
53 3.844 2.0 67.7 65.5 44.3 0.782 447 162.5 0.481
54 3.858 2.0 67.9 64.4 43.7 0.775 446 162.3 0.478
55
56 3.872
3.886 2.0
1.0 68.1
68.3 63.4
62.5 43.2
42.7 0.769
0.743 446
438 162.2
159.3 0.474
0.466
57 3.893 1.0 68.4 61.4 42.0 0.735 437 158.9 0.463
58 3.900 1.0 68.5 60.4 41.4 0.728 436 158.5 0.459
59 3.907 1.0 68.7 59.5 40.9 0.721 435 158.2 0.456
60 3.914 1.0 68.8 58.4 40.2 0.713 434 157.8 0.452
61 3.921 1.0 68.9 57.4 39.6 0.706 433 157.4 0.448
62 3.928 1.0 69.0 56.4 38.9 0.698 432 157.0 0.445
63 3.935 1.0 69.1 55.5 38.3 0.691 431 156.6 0.441
64 3.942 1.0 69.5 54.5 37.9 0.686 430 156.4 0.438
65 3.949 1.0 69.6 53.5 37.2 0.678 429 156.0 0.435
66 3.956 1.0 69.7 52.5 36.6 0.670 428 155.6 0.431
67 3.963 1.0 69.8 51.5 36.0 0.663 427 155.2 0.427
68 3.970 1.0 69.9 50.6 35.4 0.655 426 154.8 0.423
69 3.977 1.0 70.0 49.6 34.7 0.648 425 154.4 0.420
70 3.984 1.0 70.1 48.6 34.1 0.640 424 154.0 0.416
1
Determined by the equation on Table 2.35.
2
Determined by the equation on Table 2.36, for environmental temperature of 20 oC.
3
Levels of 2750 kcal ME/kg diet for all ages.
4
Use value of week 30.
148 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.38 - Amino Acid / Lysine Ratio Used to Estimate Amino


Acid Requirements of Broiler Breeders
Females Males
Amino acid Digestible Total Digestible Total
Lysine 100 100 100 100
Methionine 48 47 58 57
Methionine + Cystine 87 86 105 103
Threonine 81 84 97 101
Tryptophan 23 23 29 29
Arginine 115 109 140 133
Glycine + Serine 102 106 125 130
Valine 90 90 127 127
Isoleucine 90 89 109 108
Leucine 135 132 155 150
Histidine 35 34 31 30
Phenylalanine 73 72 82 81
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine 132 130 153 150
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 149

Table 2.39 - Nutritional Requirements of Broiler Breeders


Hens(g/bird/day)
Nutrient Broiler Breeders Hens
Crude Protein 21.0
Calcium 4.10
Available Phosphorus 0.400
Digestible Phosphorus 0.380
Potassium 0.700
Sodium 0.250
Chlorine 0.220
Linoleic Acid 2.000
Body Weight, kg 3.000 3.400 3.800
Gain, g/day 6.0 2.0 1.0
Egg Mass, g/day 51.0 45.0 40.0
Amino Acid1 Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine 0.912 1.025 0.773 0.869 0.707 0.794
Methionine 0.438 0.482 0.371 0.408 0.339 0.373
Methionine + Cystine 0.793 0.882 0.673 0.747 0.615 0.683
Threonine 0.739 0.861 0.626 0.730 0.573 0.667
Tryptophan 0.210 0.236 0.178 0.200 0.163 0.183
Arginine 1.049 1.117 0.889 0.947 0.813 0.865
Glycine + Serine 0.930 1.087 0.788 0.921 0.721 0.842
Valine 0.821 0.923 0.696 0.782 0.636 0.715
Isoleucine 0.821 0.912 0.696 0.773 0.636 0.707
Leucine 1.231 1.353 1.044 1.147 0.954 1.048
Histidine 0.319 0.349 0.271 0.295 0.247 0.270
Phenylalanine 0.666 0.738 0.564 0.626 0.516 0.572
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine 1.204 1.333 1.020 1.130 0.933 1.032
1
Amino acid requirements were determined using: Table 2.35 (dig lysine equation) and
Table 2.38 (amino acid / lysine ratio). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average true lysine digestibility of 89%.
150 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.40 - Energy Requirements (kcal ME/bird/day) and Feed Intake


(g/bird/day) of Broiler Breeders Hens 1.2

Body Weight (kg) 3.000 3.400 3.800


Weight Gain (g/ bird/ day) 6.0 2.0 1.0
Egg Mass (g/ bird/ day) 51.0 45.0 40.0 51.0 45.0 40.0 51.0 45.0 40.0
Average Temperature

16 °C 465.6 451.2 439.2 464.4 450.0 438.0 485.2 470.8 458.8


(169.3)2(164.1) (159.7) (168.9) (163.6) (159.3) (176.4) (171.2) (166.8)

21 °C 431.4 417.0 405.0 426.8 412.4 400.4 444.4 430.0 418.0


(156.9) (151.6) (147.3) (155.2) (150.0) (145.6) (161.6) (156.4) (152.0)

26 °C 397.2 382.8 370.8 389.3 374.9 362.9 403.5 389.1 377.1


(144.4) (139.2) (134.8) (141.6) (136.3) (132.0) (146.7) (141.5) (137.1)
1
Energy requirements are determined by the equation on Table 2.36.
2
Feed intake was determined by dividing MErequirement / bird/ day bydietary ME content, considering the level of
2750 kcal ME / kg feed
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 151

Table 2.41 - Nutritional Requirements (%) ofBroiler Breeders Hens


as a Function of Productivity, Metabolizable Energy
and Feed Intake
Body Weight, kg 3.000 3.400 3.800
Gain, g/day 6.0 2.0 1.0
Egg Mass, g/day 51.0 45.0 40.0
1
ME Requirement, kcal/day
438 420 426
Dietary ME, kcal/kg 2750 2750 2750
2
Feed Intake, g/day 159 153 155
Crude Protein3 % 13.21 13.73 13.55
Calcium % 2.58 2.68 2.65
Available Phosphorus % 0.252 0.261 0.258
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.239 0.248 0.452
Potassium % 0.440 0.458 0.645
Sodium % 0.157 0.163 0.161
Chlorine % 0.138 0.144 0.142
Linoleic Acid % 1.258 1.307 1.290
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine3 % 0.574 0.645 0.505 0.567 0.456 0.512
Methionine % 0.276 0.303 0.242 0.266 0.219 0.241
Methionine + Cystine % 0.499 0.555 0.439 0.488 0.39 7 0.440
Threonine % 0.465 0.542 0.409 0.476 0.369 0.430
Tryptophan % 0.132 0.148 0.116 0.130 0.105 0.118
Arginine % 0.660 0.703 0.581 0.618 0.524 0.558
Glycine + Serine % 0.585 0.684 0.515 0.601 0.465 0.543
Valine % 0.517 0.581 0.455 0.510 0.410 0.461
Isoleucine % 0.517 0.574 0.455 0.505 0.410 0.456
Leucine % 0.775 0.851 0.682 0.748 0.616 0.676
Histidine % 0.201 0.219 0.177 0.193 0.160 0.174
Phenylalanine % 0.419 0.464 0.369 0.408 0.333 0.369
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 0.758 0.839 0.667 0.737 0.602 0.666
1
Determined by the equation on Table 2.36 for an environmental temperature of 200C.
2
Determined by dividing daily ME requirement by dietary energy content, considering a level of
2750 kcal ME / kg diet.
3
Nutrient percentage is determined using nutrient requi
rement in g/ bird/ dayon Tables 2.35,
2.38, 2.39 and ME intake in g/ bird/ day. Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average true lysine digestibility of 89%.
152 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.42 - Nutritional Requirements (%) of Broiler Beeders Hens as a


Function of Productivity, Metabolizable Energy and Feed Intake,
Under Different Temperatures (High, Average and Low)
Body Weight, kg 3.000 3.400
Gain, g/day 6.0 2.0
Egg Mass, g/day 51 45
1
ME Requirement,
2
kcal/day 399 439 467 385 426 454
Intake, g/day 145 160 170 140 155 165
3
Crude Protein % 14.5 13.1 12.4 15.0 13.6 12.7
Calcium % 2.83 2.56 2.41 2.93 2.65 2.49
Available Phosphorus % 0.276 0.250 0.235 0.286 0.258 0.242
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.262 0.238 0.224 0.271 0.245 0.230
Potassium % 0.483 0.438 0.412 0.500 0.452 0.424
Sodium % 0.172 0.156 0.147 0.179 0.161 0.152
Chlorine % 0.152 0.138 0.129 0.157 0.142 0.133
Linoleic Acid % 1.379 1.250 1.176 1.429 1.290 1.212
Digestible Amino Acid
3
Lysine % 0.629 0.570 0.536 0.552 0.499 0.468
Methionine % 0.302 0.274 0.257 0.265 0.240 0.225
Methionine + Cystine % 0.547 0.496 0.466 0.480 0.434 0.407
Threonine % 0.509 0.462 0.434 0.447 0.404 0.379
Tryptophan % 0.145 0.131 0.123 0.127 0.115 0.108
Arginine % 0.723 0.656 0.616 0.635 0.574 0.538
Glycine + Serine % 0.642 0.581 0.547 0.563 0.509 0.477
Valine % 0.566 0.513 0.482 0.497 0.449 0.421
Isoleucine % 0.566 0.513 0.482 0.497 0.449 0.421
Leucine % 0.849 0.770 0.724 0.745 0.674 0.632
Histidine % 0.220 0.200 0.188 0.193 0.175 0.164
Phenylalanine % 0.459 0.416 0.391 0.403 0.364 0.342
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 0.830 0.752 0.708 0.729 0.659 0.618
Total Amino Acid
Lysine % 0.707 0.640 0.602 0.620 0.561 0.526
Methionine % 0.332 0.301 0.283 0.291 0.264 0.247
Methionine + Cystine % 0.608 0.550 0.518 0.533 0.482 0.452
Threonine % 0.594 0.538 0.506 0.521 0.471 0.442
Tryptophan % 0.163 0.147 0.138 0.143 0.129 0.121
Arginine % 0.771 0.698 0.656 0.676 0.611 0.573
Glycine + Serine % 0.749 0.678 0.638 0.657 0.595 0.558
Valine % 0.636 0.576 0.542 0.558 0.505 0.473
Isoleucine % 0.629 0.570 0.536 0.552 0.499 0.468
Leucine % 0.933 0.845 0.795 0.818 0.741 0.694
Histidine % 0.240 0.218 0.205 0.211 0.191 0.179
Phenylalanine % 0.509 0.461 0.433 0.446 0.404 0.379
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 0.919 0.832 0.783 0.806 0.729 0.684
1 Determined by the equation on Table 2.36 for breeders under different temperatures (high, average, low). 2
Determined by dividing daily ME requirement by dietary ME content, considering a level of 2750 kcal 3ME/
Nutrient
kg diet.
percentage is determined using nutrient requirement in g/ bird/ day on Tables 2.35, 2.38, 2.39 and ME intake in g/ bird/ day.
Total lysine requirement was calculated considering an average true lysine digestibility of 89%
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 153

Table 2.43 - Nutritional Requirements Broiler Breeder Cockerels


as a Function of Metabolizable Energy and Feed
Intake (kcal/day or %) 1, 2

ME Requirement kcal/day - 360 385


Feed Intake, g/day1 - 130 140
Nutrient g/day % %
Crude Protein2 16.4 12.6 11.7
Calcium 0.65 0.50 0.46
Available Phosphorus 0.300 0.231 0.214
Digestible Phosphorus 0.270 0.208 0.193
Potassium 0.750 0.577 0.536
Sodium 0.230 0.177 0.164
Chlorine 0.187 0.144 0.134
Linoleic Acid 1.300 1.000 0.929
Amino Acid Dig. g/day Total g/day Dig. % Total % Dig. % Total %
2
Lysine 0.464 0.525 0.357 0.404 0.331 0.375
Methionine 0.268 0.298 0.206 0.229 0.191 0.213
Methionine + Cystine 0.488 0.542 0.375 0.417 0.349 0.387
Threonine 0.449 0.528 0.345 0.406 0.321 0.377
Tryptophan 0.135 0.153 0.104 0.118 0.096 0.109
Arginine 0.651 0.700 0.501 0.538 0.465 0.500
Glycine + Serine 0.580 0.682 0.446 0.525 0.414 0.487
Valine 0.588 0.666 0.452 0.512 0.420 0.476
Isoleucine 0.505 0.565 0.388 0.435 0.361 0.404
Leucine
Histidine 0.719
0.146 0.790
0.160 0.553
0.112 0.608
0.123 0.514
0.104 0.564
0.114
Phenylalanine 0.387 0.425 0.298 0.327 0.276 0.304
Phen + Tyr 0.719 0.790 0.553 0.608 0.514 0.564
1
Determined by dividing daily ME requirement by dietary ME content, considering a level of
2750 kcal ME/ kg diet.
2
Nutrient percentage is determined using nutrient requirement in g/ bird/ day on the table
above, table 2.38 Amino
( Acid Lysine ratio) and feed intake in g/ bird/ day . Total lysine
requirement was calculated considering an average true lysine digestibility
89%
of
154 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 155

Nutritional Requirements of
Japanese Quails
156 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 157

Table 2.44 - Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate Amino


Acid Requirements of Japanese Quails for the
Grower and Developer Phases

Grower and Developer


Amino Acids
Digestible Total
Lysine 100 100
Methionine
Methionine + Cystine 38
68 38
68
Threonine 71 74
Tryptophan 19 19
Arginine 106 103
Glycine + Serine 89 92
Valine 85 86
Isoleucine 71 72
Leucine 137 136
Histidine 29 29
Phenylalanine 77 77
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine 146 145
158 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.45 - Nutritional Requirements of Japanese Quails for the


Grower and Developer Phases¹
Metabolizable Energy (kcal/kg) 2900
Crude Protein % 22.0
Calcium % 0.900
Available Phosphorus % 0.375
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.333
Sodium % 0.176
Amino Acids Digestible Total
Lysine % 1.120 1.244
Methionine % 0.420 0.467
Methionine + Cystine % 0.760 0.844
Threonine % 0.790 0.915
Tryptophan % 0.210 0.236
Arginine % 1.190 1.283
Glycine + Serine % 0.997 1.150
Valine % 0.950 1.068
Isoleucine % 0.800 0.898
Leucine % 1.530 1.690
Histidine % 0.320 0.360
Phenylalanine % 0.860 0.960
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 1.630 1.800
¹ Total lysine requirement was calculated considering an average true lysine
digestibility of 90%.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 159

Table 2.46 - Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine


Requirement of Laying Japanese Quails in
g/bird/day and in %1

Dig. Lys (g/bird/day) = 0.07 W0.75 + 0.020 G + 0.0248 Egg

W = Body Weight, kg
G = Weight Gain, g/ bird/ day
Egg = Egg Mass, g egg/bird/day = % lay x Egg weight
100
Example:
W= 0.1789 kg, with P 0.75 = 0.2751
G= 0.04 g/bird/day
Egg= 9.62 g/bird/day

Dig. Lys Req. = 0.07 X 0.2751 + 0.020 X 0.04 + 0.0248 X 9.62


Dig. Lys Req. = 0.0193 + 0.0008 + 0.2385 = 0.2586 g/day
Estimated Feed Intake = 25.10 g/bird/day
Lysine Dig. in the feed = 0.2586 x 100 = 1.030%
25.10
1
Daily digestible lysine requirement for maintenance = 0.07 x (Av. weight)0.75. Estimated
according to the values obtained by Fisher, 1998 (Poultry Sci. 77:124), Edwards et. al.,
1999 Digestible
SP). (Poultry Sci. 78:1412)
lysine and Siqueira,
requirement 2009
for weight (PhD
gain wasthesis – UNESP,
estimated Jaboticabal,
as 0.020 g/g daily
gain, considering results of broiler trials. The value 0.0248 g. dig. lysine/g egg mass
was determined using the results of trials with quails carried out at UFV.
160 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.47 - Equation Used to Estimate Metabolizable Energy


(ME) Requirement of Laying Japanese Quails in
kcal/bird/day and in % 1

ME (kcal/bird/day) = 148.83 W0.75 + 5.03G + 3.03 Egg + 2 P(21-T)


W = Body Weight in kg
G = Weight gain/bird/day in g
Egg = egg mass, g egg/bird/day = %100
lay x Egg weight
T = Average Temperature in °C

Example
W = 0.1789 kg, with P0.75=0.2751
G = 0.04 g/bird/day
Egg = 9.62 g/bird/day
T = 21ºC

ME = 148.83 x 0.2751 + 5.03 x 0.04 + 3.03 x 9.62 + 2 x 0.1789 (21-21)


ME = 40.94 + 0.201 + 29.15 = 70.29
Dietary ME = 2800 kcal/kg
Estimated feed intake = 25.10 g/day

¹ Energy requirements for maintenance, weight gain and egg mass were estimated
based on the values obtained by Rostagno et al. (2005), Sakomura & Rostagno (2007)
and Jordão Filho, 2008. (PhD thesis UFCP - Areias).
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 161

Table 2.48 - True Digestible Lysine (Dig. Lys) Requirements of Laying Japanese
Quails as a Function of Productivity
Egg Dig.
Weight Weight Gain ME ² Intake³ Dig. lys
Age (weeks) 0.75 Mass Lys¹
kg g/day kcal/day g/day %
g/day g/day
8 - (6 a 10) 0.156 0.248 1.3 4.7 ----4 ----4 ----4 ----4
14 - (10 a 18) 0.160 0.253 0.05 10.703 0.284 70.35 24.26 1.172
22- (18 a 26) 0.179 0.275 0.09 10.720 0.287 73.79 26.35 1.088
29 - (26 a 32) 0.186 0.284 0.01 10.63 0.284 74.46 26.59 1.067
35 - (32 a 38) 0.183 0.280 0.03 10.45 0.279 73.41 26.22 1.065
48 - (38 a 50) 0.185 0.283 0.08 9.85 0.266 72.32 25.83 1.029
55 - (50 a 59) 0.186 0.283 0.01 9.61 0.258 71.32 25.65 1.007
62 - (59 a 65) 0.187 0.284 0.02 9.38 0.253 70.84 25.30 1.000
¹ Determined by the equation on Table 2.46
² Determined by the equation on Table 2.47, at environmental temperature of 21°C.
³ A level of 2800 kcal ME/kg diet was used for all ages.
4
Use value of week 14.
162 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.49 - Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate Amino


Acid Requirements of Laying Japanese Quails

Laying
Amino Acid
Digestible Total
Lysine 100 100
Methionine 45 44

Methionine + Cystine 82 81
Threonine 60 63
Tryptophan 21 21
Arginine 116 113
Glycine + Serine 114 119
Valine 75 76
Isoleucine 65 65
Leucine 150 148
Histidine 42 41
Phenylalanine 74 73
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine 135 133
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 163

Table 2.50 - Nutritional Requirements of Laying Japanese Quails


(g/bird/day)

Nutrient Laying Japanese Quails


Crude Protein 4.94
Calcium 0.768
Available Phosphorus 0.080

Digestible Phosphorus 0.073


Sodium 0.038
Linoleic Acid 0.256
Body Weight, kg 0.165 0.175 0.189
Gain, g/day 0.11 0.02 0.00
Egg Mass, g/day 10.00 10.85 10.32
Amino Acid ¹ Dig Total Dig Total Dig Total
Lysine 0.268 0.301 0.288 0.324 0.276 0.310
Methionine 0.121 0.133 0.130 0.143 0.124 0.136
Methionine+Cystine 0.220 0.244 0.237 0.262 0.226 0.251
Threonine 0.161 0.190 0.173 0.204 0.166 0.195
Tryptophan 0.056 0.063 0.061 0.068 0.058 0.065
Arginine 0.311 0.341 0.335 0.366 0.320 0.350
Glycine + Serine 0.306 0.359 0.328 0.386 0.315 0.369
Valine 0.201 0.229 0.216 0.246 0.207 0.236
Isoleucine 0.174 0.196 0.187 0.211 0.179 0.202
Leucine 0.402 0.446 0.433 0.480 0.414 0.459
Histidine 0.113 0.124 0.121 0.133 0.116 0.127
Phenylalanine 0.199 0.220 0.213 0.104 0.204 0.226
Phenylalanine+Tyrosine 0.362 0.401 0.389 0.431 0.373 0.412
1
Amino acid requirement was determined using Table 2.46 (dig lysine equation) and
Table 2.49 ( amino acid / lysine ratio). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average true lysine digestibility of 89%.
164 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 2.51 - Nutritional Requirements (%) of Laying Japanese


Quails as a Function of Productivity and Feed Intake
Body Weight, kg 0.165 0.177 0.189
Gain, g/day 0.11 0.02 0.00
Egg Mass, g/day 10.00 10.85 10.32
ME Requirement, kcal/day¹ 69.38 73.59 73.93
Dietary ME, kcal/kg 2800 2800 2800

Feed
CrudeIntake²,
Proteing/day % 24.78
19.94 26.28
18.80 26.40
18.71
Calcium % 3.099 2.922 2.909
Available Phosphorus % 0.323 0.304 0.303
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.295 0.278 0.277
Sodium % 0.155 0.146 0.145
Linoleic Acid % 1.033 0.974 0.970
Amino Acid Dig Total Dig Total Dig Total
Lysine³ % 1.083 1.217 1.097 1.233 1.045 1.174
Methionine % 0.487 0.535 0.494 0.543 0.470 0.517
Methionine+Cystine % 0.888 0.985 0.900 0.999 0.857 0.951
Threonine % 0.650 0.766 0.658 0.777 0.627 0.740
Tryptophan % 0.227 0.255 0.230 0.259 0.220 0.247
Arginine % 1.256 1.375 1.273 1.393 1.213 1.327
Glycine + Serine % 1.235 1.448 1.251 1.467 1.191 1.398
Valine % 0.812 0.925 0.823 0.937 0.784 0.893
Isoleucine % 0.704 0.791 0.713 0.801 0.679 0.763

Leucine
Histidine %
% 1.624
0.455 1.801
0.499 1.646
0.461 1.825
0.506 1.568
0.439 1.738
0.482
Phenylalanine % 0.801 0.888 0.812 0.900 0.774 0.857
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 1.462 1.618 1.481 1.640 1.411 1.562
1
Determined by the equation on Table 2.47 for an environmental temperature of 210C.
2
Determined by dividing daily ME requirement by dietary I content, considering 2800 kcalkg
MEdiet.
/
3
Nutrient percentage is determined using nutrient requir
ement in g/ bird/ dayon Tables 2.48 and ME
intake in g/ bird/ day.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 165

CHAPTER 3

Nutrit ional Re qui rements of Swine


166 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 167

INTRODUCTION

In order to understand the following tables, some issues


must be considered:

* Swine nutritional requirements depend on several factors, such


as breed, genetic strain, sex, heterosis, development stage,
feed intake, dietary energy level, nutrient availability,
environmental temperature, air humidity, health status, etc.
* Swine nutritional requirements were determined in a series of
dose-response trials carried out at the Universidade Federal de
Viçosa (UFV) and other research institutions, associated to the
observation of commercial herds in several Brazilian regions.

* Basal reference diets used in the experiments were formulated


on corn and soybean meal. Therefore, when other ingredients
are used, corrections as to nutrients digestibility or availability
need to be made. This is the reason why requirements are
expressed on true digestible amino acids.

* Only the main nutrients are mentioned. The others are assumed as
adequately supplied provided they are offered in equivalent amount
to the vitamin and mineral supplements included in this publication.
* All nutritional recommendations are for herds with high genetic
potential. In order to aid the formulation of diets for high genetic
potential pigs with different performances, nutritional
recommendations for below average, standard and high
performance indexes are included.

* When growing swine are fed “ad libitum”, feed intake and
particularly feed conversion largely depend on the energy level.
These Tables include examples of nutritional requirements for pig
diets containing the energy levels commonly used in Brazil. Other
168 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

energy levels require adjustments to maintain constant the nutrient


ratios for each 1000 kcal ME in the diet

* It would be virtually impossible to establish one single energy


level for each type of swine ration. Dietary energy level varies
according to the economic results to be obtained, that is, with
the prices of the ingredients and of the pork products. For
instance, if vegetable oil or animal fat can be obtained at
reasonable
diets. On theprices, higherlow
other hand, energy
energylevels can be
feedstuffs used at
available in low
the
prices allow diet formulation with lower dietary energy levels.

* The main concern should not be to formulate only least cost


rations. It is more important to formulate a feed that allows the
least production cost, that is, a diet that promotes the best
possible performance at the lowest possible cost.

* Lysine was used as reference to estimate amino acid nutritional


requirements. Lysine requirements for barrows, sows, and
entire males were determined in several dose-response trials
carried out with pigs of different ages at UFV. Results of
experiments carried out in other Brazilian institutions were also
used. The requirement of the other amino acids was based on
the concept of Ideal Protein, maintaining for each type of pig the
Amino Acid / Lysine Ratio, expressed on total and true
digestibility basis.

* For swine in the starter, grower and finisher phases, firstly all
dose-response experiments with lysine were compiled and daily
intake of digestible lysine was determined. Then, lysine
maintenance requirements were calculated and the amount of
digestible lysine / kg of gain for the difference phases were
obtained. The results of 57 experimental data sets were used:
24 with barrows, 18 with sows, and 15 with entire males. It must
be mentioned that the same 8 data sets of starter pigs (15-30
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 169

kg body weight) were included in all calculations. Tables 3.01,


3.03 and 3.05 show the methodology used to calculate the
amount of true digestible lysine / kg weight gain of growing pigs.
The equations used to estimate true digestible lysine
requirements of barrows, gilts and entire males according to
performance are presented in Tables 3.02, 3.04 and 3.06.

* The use of equations to estimate true digestible lysine


requirement of pigs
there is not only allowsrequirement,
one single more flexibility, because
but many as ainfunction
reality
of performance and feed intake. As an example of the variation
of lysine requirements, performance data of barrows, gilts, and
entire males are shown. In order to make the use of Brazilian
Tables easier, examples of requirements for the starter, grower,
and finisher phases of pigs with below average, standard, and
high performance are presented.

* In Brazil and several Latin-American countries, the addition of


ractopamine in finisher pig diets is very common. Two tables
are included here with recommendations considering the effect
of ractopamine on pig performance and on changes in
digestible lysine requirements. Data obtained in two PhD theses
developed at the Dept. of Animal Science of UFV and the
model developed by Schinckel et al. (J. Anim. Sci. 81:1106,
2003) were used. Ractopamine dietary levels and its
decreasing effect with time on pig performance and protein
deposition were considered. Values are 100%, 90%, 78%, and
65% on weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 of feeding, respectively (Tables
3.24 and 3.25).

* The established protein levels should be assumed only as


practical suggestions. These are minimum values for diets
based on corn and soybean meal when the Crystalline amino
acids lysine, methionine, and threonine are offered. Aiming at
reducing environmental impact of excessive nutrients in pig
170 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

diets, excellent experimental and practical results have been


obtained with low protein diets while maintaining the
recommended levels of essential amino acids, which are indeed
the most important.

* In general, at the recommended protein levels, arginine, valine,


isoleucine, leucine, histidine, and phenylalanine + tyrosine
requirements are met.

* Amino acids levels must be close to the recommendations. High


protein diets must also be avoided.

* Digestible methionine + cystine requirements were established


based on a minimum of 50% sulfur amino acids supplied by
methionine. As to phenylalanine + tyrosine requirements, the
first must also supply at least 50% of the requirements.

* A procedure similar to that used for lysine was applied to obtain


the equation that calculates phosphorus requirements for
growing pigs. However, it was based in a lower number of
experiments and higher variation was found. First, phosphorus
requirement for maintenance (0.046 W0.75) was calculated using
endogenous excretion data in 2009 by Bünzen (PhD thesis,
UFV). Results of dose-response trials on phosphorus
requirements were used to calculate the amount of phosphorus
(available and true digestible) / kg weight gain for the different
growing phases. Table 3.12 shows the equations obtained to
estimated phosphorus requirements and Ca:P ratios
recommended for barrows, gilts, and entire males.

* High calcium and phosphorus levels must be avoided in swine


feeds, as in addition to affecting animal performance, they
increase environmental contamination. Ca : available P ratio
must be maintained around 2.03:1 and in 2.08:1 for Ca:
digestible P ratio at the recommended levels. Ca requirements
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 171

were calculated based on available P and digestible P means


multiplied by their respective ratios.

* There is little experimental information on sodium, potassium


and chlorine requirements of pigs, but we decided to include the
recommendations for these nutrients in order to obtain proper
electrolyte balance in pig feeds.

* Nutritional
nutrient perrequirements
day per sowofforsows wereperformance.
optimal established as amount to
Equations of
determine ME and true digestible lysine daily requirements of
lactating and gestating sows are also presented. These
equations take into account data on body weight, weight gain,
and reproductive weight gain during gestation and body weight,
body weight loss, and litter weight gain during lactation. By
using data obtained by the equation and the dietary energy
level, it is possible to estimate daily feed intake and to calculate
the percentage of nutrients in the diet.

* As an example of variation in ME and lysine requirements, the


performance data of gestating and lactating females are shown,
where their ME and lysine requirements and feed intake are
calculated. In order to make the use of the Brazilian Tables easier,
examples of the nutritional requirements of sows with different
production levels are shown in g/day and in %.

* In nutritional requirements studies, a strong influence of high


environmental temperature on growing and finishing pigs is
observed, with lower feed intake, caused by the lower energy
requirements, in pigs maintained in environmental temperatures
lower than those considered optimal for each rearing stage. There
are correction factors to estimate the requirements of growing pigs,
but examples of requirements of pigs reared at high environmental
temperatures are not mentioned, because if performance and feed
172 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

intake are known, the optimal nutritional levels can be easily


calculated using the tables shown in the text.

* Correction factors should also be established for pigs


maintained in temperatures below 21°C. However, we consider
that the stress effects of high environmental temperatures are
more important in Brazil. In the case of replacement gilts and
sows, energy requirements are lower when environmental
temperature is higher than 16°C, up to an upper limit of 27°C.
* Simplified and practical tables of swine nutritional requirements
are presented at the end of this publication (Tables 4.04 and
4.05) allowing a quick check of the nutritional levels commonly
used in Brazil.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 173

Nutritional Requirements of Growing Swine


174 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.01 - Methodology Used to Obtain the Equation that


Calculates the Amount of True Digestible Lysine / Kg
Weight Gain of Barrows with High Genetic Potential
Weight, kg 15 – 30 ³ 30 - 60 60 - 95 95 – 125
Experimental Data1 8 7 4 5
Mean Weight in the Period, kg 22.5 40 77.5 110
Feed Intake, g/day 1252 2003 2935 3300
Dig Lys Intake, g/day 13.92 19.60 24.52 22.68
Lysine Maintenance, g/day2 0.397 0.607 0.923 1.216
Dig Lysine for Weight Gain, g/day 13.527 18.951 23.597 21.468
Average Gain, kg/day 0.782 0.983 1.105 1.078
g. Dig Lys / kg gain 18.036 19.260 20.761 20.792
Equation, g Lys/kg gain 18.182 19.307 20.474 20.565
2
Equation: Y = 16.142 + 0.0951 x (W) - 0.0005 x (W) R2= 0.88
where Y = g Dig Lys / kg gain; W = Average Weight, kg.
1
Total of 24 dose-response experiments with different lysine levels.
2
Daily digestible lysine requirement for maintenance = 0.036 x (Av. weight) 0.75. Estimate based on
the values obtained by Fuller et al. 1989 (British J. Nutr. 62:255).
³ In this phase, experimental data of barrows and females were used

Graph 3.01 – Equation Estimating the Value, in Grams, of True Digestible Lysine / Kg
Weight Gain of Barrows as a Function of Weight (15 to 125 kg).
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 175

Table 3.02 - Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine


(Dig. Lys) Requirements of Barrows with High
Genetic Potential

Dig Lys (g/day) = 0.036 x W0.75 + (g. Dig. Lys/kg gain) x G

W = Average Body Weight in kg


2
g. Dig. Lys / kg gain = 16.142 + 0.0951 x (W, kg) - 0.0005 x (W)
G = Gain / day in kg

Example: Barrows
Av. weight = 50 kg, where W0.75 = 18.803
2
g. Dig. Lys/kg gain = 16.142 + 0.0951 (50) - 0.0005 =(50)
19.647 g.
G = 0.950 kg
Dig. Lys Req.= 0.036 x 18.803 + (19.647 x 0.950) = 19.342
g/day
Intake estimate = 2145 g/day
% Dig Lys in the diet = 0.902%
176 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.03 - Methodology Used to Obtain The Equation that


Calculates the Amount of True Digestible Lysine / Kg
Weight Gain of Gilts with High Genetic Potential
Weight, kg 15 – 30 ³ 30 - 60 60-95
Experimental Data1 8 6 4
Mean, Weight The Period, kg 22.5 45 77.5
FeedIintake, g/day 1252 1914 2467
Dig Lys Intake, g/day 13.92 20.01 22.90
Lysine Maintenance, g/day2 0.397 0.603 0.940
Dig Lysine Weight Gain, g/day 13.527 19.402 21.958
Average Gain, kg/day 0.782 0.969 1.007
g Dig Lys / kg gain 18.036 20.299 21.782
Equation, g Lys / kg gain 18.461 19.998 21.989
2
Equation: Y = 15.863 + 0.1178 x (W) - 0.0005 x (W) R2 = 0.83
where Y = g Dig Lys / kg gain; W = Average weight, kg.
1
Total of 18 dose-response experiments with different lysine levels.
2
Daily digestible lysine requirement for maintenance = 0.036 x (Av. weight)0.75. Estimate
based on the values obtained by Fuller et al. 1989 (British J. Nutr. 62:255).
³ In this phase, experimental data of barrows and females were used

Graph 3.02 -Equation Estimating the Value in Grams of True Digestible Lysine/Kg
Weight Gain of Gilts as a Function of Weight (15 to 95 kg).
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 177

Table 3.04 - Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine


(Dig. Lys) Requirements for Gilts with High Genetic
Potential

Dig Lys (g/day) = 0.036 x W0.75 + (g. Dig. Lys / kg gain) x G

W = Average Body Weight in kg


g. Dig. Lys / kg gain = 15.863 + 0.1178 x (W) - 0.0005 x2 (W)
G = Gain / day in kg
Example: Gilts

Av. weight = 60 kg, where W0.75 = 21.558


g. Dig. Lys/kg gain = 15.863 + 0.1178 x (60) - 0.0005 x 2(60)
=
21.131 g.
G = 0.957 kg
Dig. Lys Req.(g/day) = 0.036 x 21.558 + (21.131 x 0.957) =
20.998 g.
Intake estimate = 2260 g/day
% Dig Lys in the diet = 0.929%
178 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.05 - Methodology Used to Obtain the Equation that


Calculates the Amount of True Digestible Lysine / Kg
Weight Gain of Entire Males with High Genetic Potential
Weight, kg 15 – 30 ³ 30 - 60 60-95
Experimental Data¹ 8 3 4
Mean Weight in the Period, kg 22.5 45 77.5
Feed Intake, g/day 1128 1651 2416
Dig Lys intake, g/day 13.63 19.81 24.76
Lysine Maintenance, g/day2 0.390 0.576 0.906
Dig Lysine Weight Gain, g/day 13.240 19.237 23.853
Average Gain, kg/day 0.682 0.873 1.069
g Dig Lys / kg gain 19.414 22.095 22.431
Equation, g Lys / kg gain 19.375 21.324 22.469
2
Equation: Y = 14.885 + 0.2282 x (W) - 0.0017 x (W) R2 = 0.88
Where Y = g Dig Lys / kg gain; W = Average weight, kg.
1
Total of 15 dose-response experiments with different lysine levels.
2
Daily digestible lysine requirement for maintenance = 0.036 x (Av. weight) 0.75. Estimate based on
the values obtained by Fuller et al. 1989 (British J. Nutr. 62:255).
³ In this phase, experimental data of barrows and females were used

Graph 3.03 - Equation Estimating the Value, in Grams, of True Digestible Lysine/Kg
Weight Gain of Entire Males as a Function of Weight (15 a 95 kg).
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 179

Table 3.06 - Equation Used to Estimate True Digestible Lysine


(Dig. Lys) Requirements for Entire Males of High
Genetic Potential

Dig Lys (g/day) = 0.036 x W0.75 + (g. Dig. Lys / kg gain) x G

W = Average Body Weight in kg


g. Dig. Lys / kg gain = 14.885 + 0.2282 x (W) - 0.0017 x2 (W)
G = Gain / day in kg

Example: Entire Males

Av. weight = 70 kg, where W0.75 = 24.200


g. Dig. Lys/kg gain = 14.885 + 0.2282 x (70) - 0.0017 x2(70)
= 22.529 g.
G = 1.114 kg
Dig. Lys Req.(g/day) = 0.036 x 24.200 + (22.529 x 1.114) = 25.969 g.
Intake estimate = 2350 g/day
% Dig Lys in the diet = 1.105%
180 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.07 - Digestible Lysine Requirements of arrows


B of High
Genetic Potential with Standard Performance Using the
Equation on Table 3.02

Dig Lys Cumulative Lys/ME


Age, Weight Gain Intake ME intake Dig
Req Intake Ratio
days kg kg/day kg/day Mcal/day¹ Lys %
g/day kg %/Mcal
42 14.20 0.550 9.83 0.860 6.0 2.78 0.411 1.143
49 18.05 0.610 11.11 0.990 13.0 3.20 0.351 1.122
56 22.32 0.665 12.35 1.130 20.9 3.65 0.299 1.093
63 26.97 0.720 13.63 1.306 30.0 4.22 0.248 1.044
70 32.01 0.775 14.96 1.540 40.8 4.97 0.195 0.971
77 37.44 0.885 16.79 1.780 53.2 5.75 0.164 0.943
84 43.42 0.890 17.81 1.950 66.9 6.30 0.145 0.913
91 49.65 0.950 19.32 2.145 81.9 6.93 0.130 0.901
98 56.30 0.978 20.20 2.335 98.2 7.54 0.115 0.865
105 63.15 1.005 21.06 2.495 115.7 8.06 0.105 0.844
112 70.18 1.023 21.68 2.620 134.1 8.46 0.098 0.828
119 77.34 1.053 22.52 2.781 153.5 8.98 0.090 0.810
126 84.71 1.060 22.85 2.894 173.8 9.35 0.084 0.790
133 92.13 1.075 23.28 3.045 195.1 9.84 0.078 0.765
140 99.65 1.080 23.44 3.123 217.0 10.09 0.074 0.751
147 107.21 1.085 23.54 3.294 240.0 10.64 0.067 0.715
154 114.81 1.095 23.68 3.375 263.6 10.90 0.064 0.702

161 122.47 1.082 23.27 3.424 287.6 11.06 0.061 0.680


168 130.04 1.073 22.89 3.505 312.1 11.32 0.058 0.653
1
Diets containing 3230 kcal ME / kg for the Starter, Grower and Finisher phases.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 181

Table 3.08 - Digestible Lysine Requirements of Barrows of High Genetic


Potential with High Performance Using the Equation on
Table 3.02

Dig Lys Cumulative Lys/ME


Age, Gain Intake ME intake Dig
Weight Req Intake Ratio
Days kg/day kg/day Mcal/day¹ Lys %
kg g/day kg %/Mcal
42 15.30 0.629 11.27 0.900 6.3 2.91 0.431 1.252
49 19.70 0.671 12.30 1.030 13.5 3.33 0.359 1.194
56 24.40 0.729 13.63 1.180 21.8 3.81 0.303 1.155
63 29.50 0.786 15.00 1.360 31.3 4.39 0.251 1.103
70 35.00 0.800 15.60 1.490 41.7 4.81 0.218 1.047
77 40.60 0.943 18.66 1.905 55.1 6.15 0.159 0.980
84 47.20 0.971 19.61 2.070 69.5 6.69 0.142 0.947
91 54.00 1.014 20.82 2.290 85.6 7.40 0.123 0.909
98 61.10 1.029 21.45 2.460 102.8 7.95 0.110 0.872
105 68.30 1.086 22.91 2.640 121.3 8.53 0.102 0.868
112 75.90 1.100 23.45 2.750 140.5 8.88 0.096 0.853
119 83.60 1.143 24.54 2.925 161.0 9.45 0.089 0.839
126 91.60 1.157 24.97 3.050 182.4 9.85 0.083 0.819
133 99.70 1.171 25.33 3.200 204.8 10.34 0.077 0.792
140 107.90 1.157 25.02 3.260 227.6 10.53 0.073 0.768
147 116.00 1.143 24.64 3.350 251.0 10.82 0.068 0.735
154 124.00 1.121 24.04 3.400 274.8 10.98 0.064 0.707

161 132.20 1.107 23.53 3.450 299.0 11.14 0.061 0.682


168 140.50 1.100 23.10 3.510 323.5 11.34 0.058 0.658

1
Diets containing 3230 kcal ME / kg for the Starter, Grower and Finisher phases.
182 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.09 - Digestible Lysine Requirements of Gilts of High


Genetic Potential with Standard Performance Using
the Equation on Table 3.04
Dig Lys Cumulative Lys/ME
Age, Weight Gain Intake ME Intake Dig
Req Intake Ratio
Days kg kg/day kg/day Mcal/day¹ Lys %
g/day kg %/Mcal
42 14.13 0.542 9.71 0.830 5.8 2.68 0.437 1.170
49 17.92 0.596 10.93 0.990 12.7 3.20 0.345 1.104
56 22.10 0.639 12.01 1.120 20.6 3.62 0.296 1.073
63 26.57 0.686 13.21 1.260 29.4 4.07 0.258 1.049
70 31.37 0.775 15.26 1.480 39.8 4.78 0.216 1.031
77 36.80 0.829 16.71 1.695 51.6 5.47 0.180 0.986
84 42.60 0.843 17.43 1.780 64.1 5.75 0.170 0.980
91 48.50 0.900 19.02 1.950 77.7 6.30 0.155 0.975
98 54.80 0.929 20.05 2.070 92.2 6.69 0.145 0.969
105 61.30 0.957 21.08 2.260 108.0 7.30 0.128 0.933
112 68.00 0.986 22.11 2.450 125.2 7.91 0.114 0.902
119 74.90 1.000 22.80 2.600 143.4 8.40 0.104 0.877
126 81.90 1.071 24.72 2.860 163.4 9.24 0.094 0.864
133 89.40 1.029 24.08 2.900 183.7 9.37 0.089 0.831
140 96.60 1.014 24.01 3.050 205.1 9.85 0.080 0.787
147 103.70 1.000 23.87 3.200 227.5 10.34 0.072 0.746
1
Diets containing 3230 kcal ME / kg for the Starter, Grower and Finisher phases.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 183

Table 3.10 - Digestible Lysine Requirements of Gilts of High


Genetic Potential with High Performance Using the
Equation on Table 3.04
Dig Lys Cumulative Lys/ME
Age, Weight Gain Intake ME Intake Dig
Req Intake Ratio
Days kg kg/day kg/day Mcal/day¹ Lys %
g/day kg %/Mcal
42 14.31 0.550 9.86 0.805 5.6 2.60 0.471 1.226
49 18.16 0.616 11.30 0.950 12.3 3.07 0.387 1.188
56 22.47 0.679 12.76 1.109 20.0 3.58 0.321 1.151
63 27.22 0.721 13.91 1.282 29.0 4.14 0.262 1.085
70 32.27 0.759 15.02 1.459 39.2 4.71 0.219 1.030
77 37.58 0.813 16.46 1.624 50.6 5.24 0.193 1.014
84 43.27 0.873 18.08 1.812 63.3 5.85 0.171 0.998
91 49.38 0.926 19.61 1.974 77.1 6.38 0.156 0.994
98 55.86 0.959 20.76 2.112 91.9 6.82 0.144 0.983
105 62.57 0.976 21.56 2.240 107.6 7.24 0.133 0.963
112 69.40 1.008 22.67 2.400 124.4 7.75 0.122 0.944
119 76.46 1.023 23.37 2.490 141.8 8.04 0.117 0.939
126 83.62 1.054 24.41 2.650 160.3 8.56 0.108 0.921
133 90.99 1.063 24.91 2.750 179.6 8.88 0.102 0.906
140 98.43 1.060 25.10 2.790 199.1 9.01 0.100 0.900
147 105.86 1.048 25.00 2.840 219.0 9.17 0.096 0.880
1
Diets containing 3230 kcal ME / kg for the Starter, Grower and Finisher phases.
184 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.11 - Digestible Lysine Requirements of Entire Males of


High Genetic Potential with Standard Performance
Using the Equation on Table 3.06
Dig Lys Cumulative Lys/ME
Age, Weight Gain Intake ME Intake Dig
Req Intake Ratio
Days kg kg/day kg/day Mcal/day¹ Lys %
g/day kg %/Mcal
42 15.28 0.532 9.67 0.795 5.6 2.57 0.474 1.216
49 19.00 0.557 10.52 0.870 11.7 2.81 0.431 1.210
56 22.90 0.671 13.10 1.082 19.2 3.49 0.346 1.210
63 27.60 0.729 14.74 1.220 27.8 3.94 0.307 1.209
70 32.70 0.771 16.16 1.340 37.1 4.33 0.279 1.206
77 38.10 0.871 18.79 1.570 48.1 5.07 0.236 1.197
84 44.20 0.900 19.97 1.670 59.8 5.39 0.222 1.196
91 50.50 0.971 22.02 1.850 72.8 5.98 0.199 1.190
98 57.30 0.986 22.74 1.950 86.4 6.30 0.185 1.166
105 64.20 1.057 24.60 2.130 101.3 6.88 0.168 1.155
112 71.60 1.114 25.97 2.350 117.8 7.59 0.146 1.105
119 79.40 1.171 27.12 2.570 135.8 8.30 0.127 1.055
126 87.60 1.186 27.03 2.680 154.5 8.66 0.117 1.008
133 95.90 1.243 27.55 2.810 174.2 9.08 0.108 0.980
140 104.60 1.214 25.88 2.850 194.2 9.21 0.099 0.908
147 113.10 1.214 24.54 2.910 214.5 9.40 0.090 0.843
1
Diets containing 3230 kcal ME / kg for the Starter, Grower and Finisher phases.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 185

Table 3.12 - Equations Used to Estimate Available Phosphorus


(Pav) and Digestible Phosphorus (Pdig)
Requirements and Calcium:Phosphorus Ratio for
Growing Pigs with High Genetic Potential 1
AVA ILA BL E PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT
Barrow s (Below Av erage, Standard a nd High Perfor mance).
14 - 50 kg W: Y ( g Pav/day) = 0.046 x W0.75 + 5.81 x G
0.75
51 - 120 kg W: Y ( g Pav/day) = 0.046 x W + 5.33 x G
Females (Below Average, Sta ndard and High Perfor m.) and Entir e Males.

14-100 kg W: Y ( g Pav/day) = 0.046 x W0.75 + 5.96 x G


where: W= Av. weight in kg; G= Av. daily gain in kg.
Recommended total Ca:available P ratio: 2.03

TRUE DIGESTIBLE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT


Barrow s (Below Av erage, Standard a nd High Perfor mance).
14 - 50 kg W: Y ( g Pav/day) = 0.046 x W0.75 + 5.60 x G
51 - 120 kg W: Y ( g Pav/day) = 0.046 x W0.75 + 5.30 x G
Females (Below Average, Sta ndard and High Perfor m.) and Entir e Males.

14-100 kg W: Y ( g Pav/day) = 0.046 x W0.75 + 5.75 x G


where: W= Av. weight in kg; G= Av. daily gain in kg.
Recommended total Ca:available P ratio: 2.08
Example of Digestible phosphorus Requirement of barrows:
W (Av. weight) : 84.71 kg;W.75 = 27.922
G (Av. gain) : 1.060 kg / day
Av. Intake : 2894 g / day
Y (g Pdig/day) : 0.046 x (84.71)0.75 + 5.3 x 1.060 = 6.902
% Pdig in the diet : (6.902 x 100) / 2894 = 0.238 %
% Ca in the diet : 0.238 x 2.08 = 0.495 %
1.
Daily phosphorus requirements for maintenance and gain were estimated according to
the values obtained by Bunzen 2009 (PhD thesis, UFV), Jongbloed et al (1993) and
performance data obtained at UFV.
186 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.13 - Nutritional Requirements of Available Phosphorus,


True Digestible Phosphorus, and Calcium of High
Genetic Potential Barrows Using the Equation on
Table 3.12

Weight Gain Intake Pav Pav Pdig Pdig Ca1


Age, days
kg kg/day kg/day g/day % g/day % %

Barrows - Standard performance

42 14.20 0.550 0.860 3.532 0.411 3.416 0.397 0.830


56 22.32 0.665 1.130 4.336 0.384 4.196 0.371 0.776
70 32.01 0.775 1.540 5.122 0.333 4.959 0.322 0.672
84 43.42 0.890 1.950 5.949 0.305 5.762 0.295 0.617
98 56.30 0.978 2.335 6.158 0.264 6.129 0.262 0.541
112 70.18 1.023 2.620 6.568 0.251 6.537 0.250 0.514
126 84.71 1.060 2.894 6.934 0.240 6.902 0.239 0.491
140 99.65 1.080 3.123 7.207 0.231 7.175 0.230 0.473
154 114.81 1.095 3.375 7.450 0.221 7.417 0.220 0.453
Barrows - High performance
42 15.30 0.629 0.900 4.010 0.446 3.878 0.431 0.900
56 24.40 0.729 1.180 4.741 0.402 4.587 0.389 0.812
70 35.00 0.800 1.490 5.310 0.356 5.142 0.345 0.721
84 47.20 0.971 2.070 6.470 0.313 6.266 0.303 0.632
98 61.10 1.029 2.460 6.490 0.264 6.459 0.263 0.541
112 75.90 1.100 2.750 7.046 0.256 7.013 0.255 0.525
126 91.60 1.157 3.050 7.529 0.247 7.494 0.246 0.506
140 107.90 1.157 3.260 7.707 0.236 7.672 0.235 0.485
154 124.00 1.121 3.400 7.684 0.226 7.651 0.225 0.463

1
% Ca: average calculated by multiplying avail P %by the factor 2.03 and dig P% by the factor 2.08.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 187

Table 3.14 - Nutritional Requirements of Available Phosphorus,


True Digestible Phosphorus, and Calcium of High
Genetic Potential Gilts and Entire Males Using The
Equation on Table 3.12
Age, Weight Gain Intake Pav Pav Pdig Pdig Ca1
days kg kg/day kg/day g/day % g/day % %
Gilts -Standard Performance
42 14.13 0.542 0.830 3.566 0.430 3.452 0.416 0.869

56 22.1 0.639 1.120 4.277 0.382 4.143 0.370 0.772


70 31.37 0.775 1.480 5.229 0.353 5.066 0.342 0.715
84 42.6 0.843 1.780 5.791 0.325 5.614 0.315 0.658
98 54.8 0.929 2.070 6.463 0.312 6.268 0.303 0.632
112 68 0.986 2.450 6.966 0.284 6.759 0.276 0.575
126 81.9 1.071 2.860 7.635 0.267 7.411 0.259 0.540
140 96.6 1.014 3.050 7.461 0.245 7.248 0.238 0.495
Gilts - High Performance
42 14.31 0.55 0.805 3.616 0.449 3.501 0.435 0.908
56 22.47 0.679 1.109 4.522 0.408 4.379 0.395 0.824
70 32.27 0.759 1.459 5.146 0.353 4.987 0.342 0.714
84 43.27 0.873 1.812 5.979 0.330 5.796 0.320 0.668
98 55.86 0.959 2.112 6.656 0.315 6.454 0.306 0.638
112 69.4 1.008 2.400 7.114 0.296 6.902 0.288 0.600
126 83.62 1.054 2.650 7.554 0.285 7.333 0.277 0.577
140 98.43 1.060 2.790 7.755 0.278 7.532 0.270 0.563
Entire Males - Standard Perform ance
42 15.28 0.532 0.795 3.526 0.444 3.415 0.429 0.897
56 22.90 0.671 1.082 4.481 0.414 4.340 0.401 0.837
70 32.70 0.771 1.340 5.224 0.390 5.062 0.378 0.789
84 44.20 0.900 1.670 6.153 0.368 5.964 0.357 0.745
98 57.30 0.986 1.950 6.835 0.350 6.628 0.340 0.709
112 71.60 1.114 2.350 7.772 0.331 7.538 0.321 0.669
126 87.60 1.186 2.680 8.386 0.313 8.137 0.304 0.633
140 104.60 1.214 2.850 8.740 0.307 8.485 0.298 0.622
1
% Ca: average calculated by multiplying avail P %by the factor 2.03 and dig P% by the factor 2.08.
188 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.15 - Amino Acid / Lysine Ratios Used to Estimate Amino


Acid Requirements of Growing Swine
Phase Starter Grower Finisher
Amino Acid Digestible Total Digestible Total Digestible Total
Lysine 100 100 100 100 100 100
Methionine 28 27 30 29 31 30
Methionine + Cystine 56 55 59 58 60 59
Threonine 63 67 65 69 67 71
Tryptophan 18 18 18 18 18 18
Arginine 42 40 41 39 32 30
Valine 69 70 69 70 69 70
Isoleucine 55 55 55 55 55 55
Leucine 100 97 100 97 100 97
Histidine 33 32 33 32 33 32
Phenylalanine 50 49 50 49 50 49
Phen + Tyr 100 98 100 98 100 98
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 189

Table 3.16 - Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential


Piglets in the Pre-Starter Phase - Barrows, Gilts and
Entire Males1
Live Weight kg 3.5 - 5.3 5.5 – 9 9.3 - 15
Age Days 14 - 20 21 – 32 33 - 42
Metabolizable Energy kcal/kg 3450 3400 3375
Nutrient
Protein % 20.00 20.00 21.00
Calcium % 0.888 0.850 0.825
Available Phosphorus % 0.550 0.500 0.450
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.500 0.450 0.410
Potassium % 0.520 0.520 0.500
Sodium % 0.280 0.280 0.230
Chlorine % 0.250 0.250 0.220
Digestible Amino Acid
Lysine % 1.520 1.450 1.330
Methionine % 0.426 0.406 0.372
Methionine+Cystine % 0.851 0.812 0.745
Threonine % 0.958 0.914 0.838
Tryptophan % 0.274 0.261 0.239
Arginine1 % 1.292 1.233 1.131
Valine % 1.049 1.001 0.918
Isoleucine % 0.836 0.798 0.732
Leucine % 1.520 1.450 1.330
Histidine % 0.502 0.479 0.439
Phenylalanine % 0.760 0.725 0.665
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 1.520 1.450 1.330

Lysine %Total Amino Acid


1.655 1.580 1.450
Methionine % 0.447 0.427 0.392
Methionine+Cystine % 0.910 0.869 0.798
Threonine % 1.109 1.059 0.972
Tryptophan % 0.298 0.284 0.261
Arginine1 % 1.374 1.311 1.204
Valine % 1.159 1.106 1.015
Isoleucine % 0.910 0.869 0.798
Leucine % 1.605 1.533 1.407
Histidine % 0.530 0.506 0.464
Phenylalanine % 0.811 0.774 0.711
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine % 1.622 1.548 1.421
1
Recommended Digestible Arg: Lys ratio of 85% and Total Arg: Lys ratio of 83% are
recommended.
190 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.17 - Nutritional Requirements High Genetic Potential Barrows


1
with Below Average Performance
Phase Starter Grower Finisher
Live Weight, kg 15 - 30 30 - 50 50 - 70 70 - 100 100 - 120
Age, days 44 - 70 71 – 95 96 - 117 118 - 148 149 – 171
Av. Weight, kg 22.5 40 60 85 110
Weight Gain, kg/day 0.590 0.861 0.954 0.989 0.920
Intake, kg/day 1.094 1.880 2.475 2.980 3.495
Avail P Req., g/day 3.90 5.73 6.08 6.56 6.47
Dig. P Req., g/day 3.78 5.55 6.05 6.53 6.34
Dig Lysine Req., g/day 11.01 17.06 19.90 21.39 20.13
ME, Kcal/Kg 3230 3230 3230 3230 3230
Nutrient
Protein, % 17.35 15.80 14.30 12.71 11.60
Calcium, % 0.721 0.627 0.503 0.451 0.376
Avail. Phosphorus, % 0.357 0.305 0.246 0.220 0.185
Dig. Phosphorus, % 0.345 0.295 0.244 0.219 0.181
Potassium, % 0.470 0.448 0.425 0.400 0.372
Sodium, % 0.200 0.180 0.170 0.160 0.150
Chlorine, % 0.190 0.170 0.160 0.150 0.140
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine, % 1.006 1.143 0.907 1.031 0.804 0.914 0.718 0.816 0.576 0.655
Methionine, % 0.282 0.309 0.272 0.299 0.241 0.265 0.223 0.245 0.179 0.196
Methionine + Cystine, % 0.563 0.629 0.535 0.598 0.474 0.530 0.431 0.481 0.346 0.386
Threonine, % 0.634 0.766 0.590 0.711 0.523 0.630 0.481 0.579 0.386 0.465
Tryptophan, % 0.181 0.206 0.163 0.186 0.145 0.164 0.129 0.147 0.104 0.118
Arginine, % 0.423 0.457 0.372 0.402 0.330 0.356 0.230 0.245 0.184 0.196
Valine, % 0.694 0.800 0.626 0.721 0.555 0.640 0.495 0.571 0.397 0.458
Isoleucine, % 0.553 0.629 0.499 0.567 0.442 0.503 0.395 0.449 0.317 0.360
Leucine, % 1.006 1.109 0.907 1.000 0.804 0.886 0.718 0.791 0.576 0.635
Histidine, % 0.332 0.366 0.299 0.330 0.265 0.292 0.237 0.261 0.190 0.209
Phenylalanine, % 0.503 0.560 0.454 0.505 0.402 0.448 0.35 9 0.400 0.288 0.321
Phenyl+ Tyrosine, % 1.006 1.120 0.907 1.010 0.804 0.895 0.718 0.800 0.576 0.641

1
Nutrient percentage was determined using Tables 3.02 (dig. Lys requirement.), 3.15 (amino acid /
lysine ratio) and 3.14 (phosphorus requirement). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average lysine true digestibility of 88%.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 191

Table 3.18 - Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential


Barrows with Standard Performance1
Phase Starter Grower Finisher
Live Weight, kg 15 - 30 30 - 50 50 – 70 70 - 100 100 - 120
Age, days 42 – 67 68 - 91 92 - 112 113 - 140 141 - 160
Av. Weight, kg 22.5 40 60 85 110
Weight Gain, kg/day 0.693 0.868 1.014 1.071 1.084
Intake, kg/day 1.241 1.854 2.563 3.027 3.399
Avail P Req., g/day 4.50 5.77 6.40 7.00 7.34
Dig. P Req., g/day 4.36 5.59 6.37 6.96 7.31
Dig Lysine Req., g/day 12.87 17.19 21.10 23.08 23.50
ME, Kcal/Kg 3230 3230 3230 3230 3230
Nutrient
Protein, % 18.13 16.82 15.43 13.83 12.39
Calcium, % 0.733 0.630 0.512 0.474 0.443
Avail. Phosphorus, % 0.363 0.311 0.250 0.231 0.216
Dig. Phosphorus, % 0.351 0.302 0.248 0.230 0.215
Potassium, % 0.470 0.448 0.425 0.400 0.372
Sodium, % 0.200 0.180 0.170 0.160 0.150
Chlorine, % 0.190 0.170 0.160 0.150 0.140
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine, % 1.037 1.178 0.927 1.053 0.823 0.935 0.763 0.867 0.691 0.785
Methionine, % 0.290 0.318 0.278 0.305 0.247 0.271 0.237 0.260 0.214 0.236
Methionine + Cystine, % 0.581 0.648 0.547 0.611 0.486 0.542 0.458 0.512 0.415 0.463
Threonine, % 0.653 0.790 0.603 0.727 0.535 0.645 0.511 0.616 0.463 0.558
Tryptophan, % 0.187 0.212 0.167 0.190 0.148 0.168 0.137 0.156 0.124 0.141
Arginine, % 0.436 0.471 0.380 0.411 0.337 0.365 0.244 0.260 0.221 0.236
Valine, % 0.716 0.825 0.640 0.737 0.568 0.655 0.526 0.607 0.477 0.550
Isoleucine, % 0.570 0.648 0.510 0.579 0.453 0.514 0.420 0.477 0.380 0.432
Leucine, % 1.037 1.143 0.927 1.022 0.823 0.907 0.763 0.841 0.691 0.762
Histidine, % 0.342 0.377 0.306 0.337 0.272 0.299 0.252 0.277 0.228 0.251
Phenylalanine, % 0.519 0.577 0.464 0.516 0.412 0.458 0.382 0.425 0.346 0.385
Phenylal+ Tyrosine, % 1.037 1. 155 0.927 1.032 0.823 0.917 0.763 0.850 0.691 0. 770
1
Nutrient percentage was determined using Tables 3.02 (dig. Lys requirement.), 3.15 (amino acid /
lysine ratio) and 3.14 (phosphorus requirement). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average lysine true digestibility of 88%.
192 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.19 - Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential


Barrows with High Performance 1
Phase Starter Grower Finisher
Live Weight, kg 15 – 30 30 - 50 50 – 70 70 - 100 100 - 120
Age, days 41 – 64 65 - 87 88 - 107 108 - 133 134 - 150
Av. Weight, kg 22.5 40 60 85 110
Weight Gain, kg/day 0.746 0.935 1.050 1.130 1.160
Intake, kg/day 1.265 1.960 2.450 2.930 3.350
Avail P Req., g/day 4.81 6.16 6.59 7.31 7.75
Dig. P Req., g/day 4.65 5.97 6.56 7.28 7.71
Dig Lysine Req., 13.82 18.47 21.83 24.30 25.06
g/day
ME, Kcal/Kg 3230 3230 3230 3230 3230
Nutrient
Protein, % 19.24 18.25 17.07 15.53 13.92
Calcium, % 0.768 0.635 0.552 0.512 0.474
Avail. Phosphorus, % 0.380 0.314 0.269 0.250 0.231
Dig. Phosphorus, % 0.368 0.304 0.268 0.248 0.230
Potassium, % 0.470 0.448 0.425 0.400 0.372
Sodium, % 0.200 0.180 0.170 0.160 0.150
Chlorine, % 0.190 0.170 0.160 0.150 0.140
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine, % 1.093 1.242 0.943 1.072 0.891 1.013 0.829 0.942 0.748 0.850
Methionine, % 0.306 0.335 0.283 0.311 0.267 0.294 0.257 0.283 0.232 0.255

Met + Cys % 0.612 0.683 0.556 0.622 0.526 0.587 0.497 0.556 0.449 0.502
Threonine, % 0.689 0.832 0.613 0.739 0.579 0.699 0.555 0.669 0.501 0.604
Tryptophan, % 0.197 0.224 0.170 0.193 0.160 0.182 0.149 0.170 0.135 0.153
Arginine, % 0.459 0.497 0.387 0.418 0.365 0.395 0.265 0.283 0.239 0.255
Valine, % 0.754 0.869 0.651 0.750 0.615 0.709 0.572 0.659 0.516 0.595
Isoleucine, % 0.601 0.683 0.519 0.589 0.490 0.557 0.456 0.518 0.411 0.468
Leucine, % 1.093 1.205 0.943 1.039 0.891 0.982 0.829 0.914 0.748 0.825
Histidine, % 0.361 0.397 0.311 0.343 0.294 0.324 0.274 0.301 0.247 0.272
Phenylalanine, % 0.547 0.609 0.472 0.525 0.446 0.496 0.415 0.462 0.374 0.417
Phenyal+ Tyrosine, % 1.0 93 1.217 0.943 1.050 0.891 0.992 0.829 0.923 0.748 0.833

1
Nutrient percentage was determined using Tables 3.02 (dig. Lys requirement.), 3.15 (amino acid /
lysine ratio) and 3.14 (phosphorus requirement). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average lysine true digestibility of 88%.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 193

Table 3.20 - Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential


Gilts with Below Average Performance 1
Phase Starter Grower Finisher
Live Weight, kg 15 a 30 30 a 50 50 a 70 70 a 100
Age, days 44 - 70 71 – 95 96 - 118 119 – 150
Av. Weight, kg 22.5 40 60 85
Weight Gain, kg/day 0.586 0.831 0.925 0.929
Intake, kg/day 1.100 1.800 2.340 2.930
Avail P Req., g/day 3.97 5.68 6.50 6.82
Dig. P Req., g/day 3.84 5.51 6.31 6.63
Dig Lysine Req., g/day 11.07 17.01 20.32 21.69
ME, Kcal/Kg 3230 3230 3230 3230
Nutrient
Protein, % 17.60 16.55 15.22 13.37
Calcium, % 0.730 0.639 0.563 0.472
Avail. Phosphorus, % 0.361 0.316 0.278 0.233
Dig. Phosphorus, % 0.350 0.306 0.270 0.226
Potassium, % 0.470 0.448 0.425 0.400
Sodium, % 0.200 0.180 0.170 0.160
Chlorine, % 0.190 0.170 0.160 0.150
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine, % 1.007 1.144 0.945 1.074 0.868 0.986 0.740 0.841
Methionine, % 0.282 0.309 0.284 0.311 0.260 0.286 0.229 0.252
Methionine + Cystine, % 0.564 0.629 0.558 0.623 0.512 0.572 0.444 0.496
Threonine, % 0.634 0.767 0.614 0.741 0.564 0.681 0.496 0.597
Tryptophan, % 0.181 0.206 0.170 0.193 0.156 0.178 0.133 0.151
Arginine, % 0.423 0.458 0.387 0.419 0.356 0.385 0.237 0.252
Valine, % 0.695 0.801 0.652 0.752 0.599 0.690 0.511 0.589
Isoleucine, % 0.554 0.629 0.520 0.591 0.477 0.543 0.407 0.463
Leucine, % 1.007 1.110 0.945 1.042 0.868 0.957 0.740 0.816
Histidine, % 0.332 0.366 0.312 0.344 0.286 0.316 0.244 0.269
Phenylalanine, % 0.504 0.561 0.473 0.526 0.434 0.483 0.370 0.412
Phenyal. + Tyrosine, % 1.007 1.121 0.945 1.052 0.868 0.967 0.740 0.824

1
Nutrient percentage was determined using Tables 3.02 (dig. Lys requirement.), 3.15 (amino acid /
lysine ratio) and 3.14 (phosphorus requirement). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average lysine true digestibility of 88%.
194 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.21 - Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential


Gilts with Standard Performance 1
Phase Starter Grower Finisher
Live Weight, kg 15 - 30 30 - 50 50 - 70 70 - 100
Age, days 43 - 68 69 - 93 93 - 115 115 – 145
Av. Weight, kg 22.5 40 60 85
Weight Gain, kg/day 0.648 0.855 0.968 1.023
Intake, kg/day 1.136 1.795 2.345 2.922
Avail P Req., g/day 4.34 5.83 6.76 7.38
Dig. P Req., g/day 4.20 5.65 6.56 7.17
Dig Lysine Req., g/day 12.205 17.480 21.231 23.783
ME, Kcal/Kg 3230 3230 3230 3230
Nutrient
Protein, % 18.50 17.55 16.45 15.01
Calcium, % 0.772 0.658 0.584 0.512
Avail. Phosphorus, % 0.382 0.325 0.288 0.253
Dig. Phosphorus, % 0.370 0.315 0.280 0.245
Potassium, % 0.470 0.448 0.425 0.400
Sodium, % 0.200 0.180 0.170 0.160
Chlorine, % 0.190 0.170 0.160 0.150
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine, % 1.074 1.220 0.974 1.107 0.905 1.028 0.814 0.925
Methionine, % 0.301 0.330 0.292 0.321 0.272 0.298 0.252 0.278
Methionine + Cystine, % 0.601 0.671 0.575 0.642 0.534 0.596 0.488 0.546
Threonine, % 0.677 0.818 0.633 0.764 0.588 0.710 0.545 0.657
Tryptophan, % 0.193 0.220 0.175 0.199 0.163 0.185 0.147 0.167
Arginine, % 0.451 0.488 0.399 0.432 0.371 0.401 0.260 0.278
Valine, % 0.741 0.854 0.672 0.775 0.624 0.720 0.562 0.648
Isoleucine, % 0.591 0.671 0.536 0.609 0.498 0.566 0.448 0.509
Leucine, % 1.074 1.184 0.974 1.074 0.905 0.998 0.814 0.897
Histidine, % 0.354 0.391 0.321 0.354 0.299 0.329 0.269 0.296
Phenylalanine, % 0.537 0.598 0.487 0.542 0.453 0.504 0.407 0.453
Phenyal. + Tyrosine, % 1.074 1.196 0.974 1.085 0.905 1.008 0.814 0.907
1
Nutrient percentage was determined using Tables 3.02 (dig. Lys requirement.), 3.15 (amino acid /
lysine ratio) and 3.14 (phosphorus requirement). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average lysine true digestibility of 88%.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 195

Table 3.22 - Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential


Gilts with High Performance1
Phase Starter Grower Finisher
Live Weight, kg 15 a 30 30 a 50 50 a 70 70 a 100
Age, days 43 - 67 68 – 91 93 - 111 113 - 140
Av. Weight, kg 22.5 40 60 85
Weight Gain, kg/day 0.690 0.870 0.990 1.040
Intake, kg/day 1.200 1.800 2.320 2.710
Avail P Req., g/day 4.59 5.92 6.89 7.49
Dig. P Req., g/day 4.44 5.73 6.68 7.27
Dig Lysine Req., g/day 12.97 17.78 21.70 24.16
ME, Kcal/Kg 3230 3230 3230 3230
Nutrient
Protein, % 19.5 19.00 18.00 16.20
Calcium, % 0.773 0.666 0.601 0.559
Avail. Phosphorus, % 0.382 0.329 0.297 0.276
Dig. Phosphorus, % 0.370 0.319 0.288 0.268
Potassium, % 0.470 0.448 0.425 0.400
Sodium, % 0.200 0.180 0.170 0.160
Chlorine, % 0.190 0.170 0.160 0.150
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine, % 1.081 1.228 0.988 1.123 0.935 1.063 0.892 1.014
Methionine, % 0.303 0.332 0.296 0.326 0.281 0.308 0.277 0.304
Methionine + Cystine, % 0.605 0.676 0.583 0.651 0.552 0.616 0.535 0.598
Threonine, % 0.681 0.823 0.642 0.775 0.608 0.733 0.598 0.720
Tryptophan, % 0.195 0.221 0.178 0.202 0.168 0.191 0.161 0.182
Arginine, % 0.454 0.491 0.405 0.438 0.383 0.414 0.285 0.304
Valine, % 0.746 0.860 0.682 0.786 0.645 0.744 0.615 0.710
Isoleucine, % 0.595 0.676 0.543 0.618 0.514 0.584 0.491 0.558
Leucine, % 1.081 1.192 0.988 1.089 0.935 1.031 0.892 0.983
Histidine, % 0.357 0.393 0.326 0.359 0.309 0.340 0.294 0.324
Phenylalanine, % 0.541 0.602 0.494 0.550 0.468 0.521 0.446 0.497
Phenyal. + Tyrosine, % 1.081 1.204 0.988 1.100 0.935 1.041 0.892 0.993
1
Nutrient percentage was determined using Tables 3.02 (dig. Lys requirement.), 3.15 (amino acid /
lysine ratio) and 3.14 (phosphorus requirement). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average lysine true digestibility of 88%.
196 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.23 - Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential


Entire Males with Standard Performance1
Phase Starter Grower Finisher
Live Weight, kg 15 – 30 30 - 50 50 - 70 70 - 100
Age, days 42 – 66 67 - 90 91 - 110 111 – 134
Av. Weight, kg 22.5 40 60 85
Weight Gain, kg/day 0.680 0.900 1.070 1.186
Intake, kg/day 1.110 1.650 2.283 2.710
Avail P Req., g/day 4.53 6.10 7.37 8.36
Dig. P Req., g/day 4.39 5.91 7.14 8.11
Dig Lysine Req., g/day 13.40 19.74 24.80 27.10
ME, Kcal/Kg 3230 3230 3230 3230
Nutrient
Protein, % 19.5 19.00 18.00 16.20
Calcium, % 0.825 0.747 0.653 0.624
Avail. Phosphorus, % 0.408 0.369 0.323 0.308
Dig. Phosphorus, % 0.395 0.358 0.313 0.299
Potassium, % 0.470 0.448 0.425 0.400
Sodium, % 0.200 0.180 0.170 0.160
Chlorine, % 0.190 0.170 0.160 0.150
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine, % 1.207 1.372 1.196 1.359 1.087 1.235 1.000 1.136
Methionine, % 0.338 0.370 0.359 0.394 0.326 0.358 0.310 0.341
Methionine + Cystine, % 0.676 0.754 0.706 0.788 0.641 0.716 0.600 0.670
Threonine, % 0.760 0.919 0.777 0.938 0.707 0.852 0.670 0.807
Tryptophan, % 0.217 0.247 0.215 0.245 0.196 0.222 0.180 0.205
Arginine, % 0.507 0.549 0.490 0.530 0.446 0.482 0.320 0.341
Valine, % 0.833 0.960 0.825 0.951 0.750 0.865 0.690 0.795
Isoleucine, % 0.664 0.754 0.658 0.748 0.598 0.679 0.550 0.625
Leucine, % 1.207 1.330 1.196 1.318 1.087 1.198 1.000 1.102
Histidine, % 0.398 0.439 0.395 0.435 0.359 0.395 0.330 0.364
Phenylalanine, % 0.604 0.672 0.598 0.666 0.544 0.605 0.500 0.557
Phenyal. + Tyrosine, % 1.207 1.344 1.196 1.332 1.087 1.211 1.000 1.114
1
Nutrient percentage was determined using Tables 3.02 (dig. Lys requirement.), 3.15 (amino acid /
lysine ratio) and 3.14 (phosphorus requirement). Total lysine requirement was calculated
considering an average lysine true digestibility of 88%..
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 197

Table 3.24 - Changes in Performance and True Digestible Lysine


Requirements of Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing
Different Ractopamine Levels1

Ractopamine Levels (ppm)


Days of Usage
0 5 10 15 20
Change in Weight Gain (g/day)
21 0 +107 +123 +134 +139
28 0 +100 +115 +125 +130
Change in Feed Intake (g/day)
21 0 -43 -64 -96 -139
28 0 -40 -60 -90 -130
Change in Dig Lysine Requirement (g/day)
21 0 +3.9 +4.6 +5.0 +5.4
28 0 +3.7 +4.3 +4.7 +5.0
Change in Dig Lysine Requirement (%)
21 0 +0.139 +0.157 +0.178 +0.203
28 0 +0.123 +0.146 +0.167 +0.187
1.
Values estimated from two Theses of the Dept. of Animal Science of UFV and the model
proposed by Schinckel et al. (J. Anim. Sci. 81:1106, 2003).
198 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.25 - Example of Performance andLysine and Phosphorus


Requirements of Barrows with 107 Kg, Average
1
Weight, Fed Diets with Different Ractopamine Levels

Ractopamine Level (ppm)


Days of Usage 0 5 10 15 20
Weight Gain (g/day)
21 1085 1192 1208 1219 1224
28 1085 1185 1200 1210 1215
Feed Intake (g/day)
21 3300 3257 3236 3204 3161
28 3300 3260 3240 3210 3170
Average Available and Digestible Phosphorus Requirement (g/day)
21 7.26 7.83 7.92 7.97 8.00
28 7.26 7.79 7.87 7.93 7.95
Average Available and Digestible Phosphorus Requirement (%)
21 0.220 0.241 0.245 0.249 0.253
28 0.220 0.239 0.243 0.247 0.250
Digestible Lysine Requirement (g/day)
21 23.54 27.44 28.14 28.54 28.94
28 23.54 27.24 27.84 28.24 28.54

21 0.713 Digestible0.870
0.842 Lysine Requirement
0.891 (%)0.916
28 0.713 0.836 0.859 0.880 0.900
1.
Values calculated using : Table 3.24 (performance and requirement changes using
different levels of Ractopamine) ; Table 3.02 (Dig Lysine requirement) and Table 3.14
(phosphorus requirement).
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 199

Nutrit ional Re quir ements o f Swine Bree ders


200 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 201

Swine Breede rs – Gestatio n


202 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.26 - Equation to Estimate Metabolizable Energy (ME)


Requirement and Feed Intake of Primiparous Gilts
and Sows (kcal/day or g/day)1.2

ME (kcal/day) = 106 W0.75 + 4915 BWG + 1540 RWG

W= Body Weight in kg;


BWG= Body Weight Gain in kg/day;
RWG= Reproductive Weight Gain (uterus + mammary tissue =
2.26 (kg/piglet) in kg/day
Gestation = 114 days

Example:
W= 200 kg, where W0.75 =53.18
BWG= Gestation 114 days and Total Gain of 30 kg = 30/114=
0.263kg/day
RWG= 11 Piglets x 2.26kg = 24.9kg/114 = 0.218kg/day

ME Req.=(106 x 53.18)+ (4915 x 0.263) + (1540 x 0.218)=7266 kcal/day

ME Gestation Diet = 3000 kcal/kg = 3.0 kcal/g

Recommended Feed Intake = 7266/3.0 = 2422 g/day

1 Estimated from values obtained in Theses performed at UFV; NRC (1998); Close and
Cole (2001) and Mejia et al (2007).
2
. Environmental temperature and weather variables can affect energy requirements
during gestation. For each 1ºC higher or lower than 20ºC, ME requirement changes
approximately ± 280 kcal ME / head. The values presented here were calculated for an
environmental temperature of 20ºC.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 203

Table 3.27 - Equation to Estimate True Digestible Lysine (Dig.


Lys) Requirement of Gestating Primiparous Gilts and
Sows (g/day)1

Dig. lys(g/day) = 0.036 W0.75 + 22.6 BWG + 22.6 RWG

W= Body Weight in kg;


BWG= Body Weight Gain in kg/day;
RWG= Reproductive Weight Gain (uterus + mammary tissue =
2.26 (kg/piglet) in kg/day
Gestation = 114 days

Example:
W= 200 kg, where W0.75 =53.18
BWG= Gestation 114 days and Total Gain of 30 kg = 30/114=
0.263kg/day
RWG= 11 Piglets x 2.26kg = 24.9kg/114 = 0.218kg/day

Dig Lys Requirement =(0.036 x 53.18) + (22.6 x 0.263)+(22.6 x


0.218)=12.79 g/day

Intake Estimated = 2422g/day

% Dig. Lys in the Diet = 0.528%


1
Estimated from values obtained in Theses performed at UFV; NRC (1998); Close and
Cole (2001) and Mejia et al (2007).
204 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.28 - Daily ME and Digestible Lysine Requirements and


Feed Intake of Gestating Primiparous Gilts and Sows
According to Body Weight, Weight Gain and
Reproductive Gain (no. of Piglets)
Weight Gain/day Daily Requirement Dig.
Gestation
Weight, kg Sow, Reproduct., Dig. Diet³, Lys
Days ME, Kcal ¹
kg kg Lys², g g %
Initial Weight = 125 kg - Weight Gain = 45 kg - Reproductive Gain = 25 kg (11 Piglets)
0-14
14-42 129
139 0.55
0.46 0.00
0.08 6761
6675 13.81
13.66 2254
2225 0.613
0.614
42-70 154 0.41 0.14 6865 14.00 2288 0.612
70-92 169 0.38 0.35 7375 18.19 2458 0.740
92-114 185 0.22 0.51 7184 18.30 2395 0.764
Initial Weight = 185 kg - Weight Gain = 30 kg - Reproductive Gain = 27 kg (12 Piglets)
0-14 188 0.38 0.00 7249 10.42 2416 0.431
14-42 196 0.34 0.09 7362 11.60 2454 0.473
42-70 209 0.30 0.15 7532 12.15 2511 0.484
70-92 221 0.21 0.38 7693 15.40 2564 0.600
92-114 234 0.10 0.54 7665 16.62 2555 0.650
Initial Weight = 245 kg - Weight Gain = 15 kg - Reproductive Gain = 30 kg (13 Piglets)
0-14 246 0.25 0.05 7890 9.02 2630 0.343
14-42 251 0.22 0.10 7900 9.50 2633 0.361
42-70 260 0.15 0.20 7869 10.23 2623 0.390
70-92 267 0.07 0.42 7973 13.45 2658 0.506
92-114 280 0.01 0.54 8117 14.89 2706 0.555
1. Determined by the equation on Table 3.26.
2.Determined by the equation on Table 3.27.
3. Determined
ME/kg diet by dividing daily ME requirement by dietary energy level, considering 3000 kcal
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 205

Table 3.29 - Amino Acid / Lysine Ratio Used to Estimate Amino


Acid Requirements Gestating Swine Breeders

Gestation
Amino Acid
Digestible Total
Lysine 100 100
Methionine 28 27
Methionine + Cystine 55 54
Threonine 74 78
Tryptophan 19 20
Arginine 100 97
Valine 72 73
Isoleucine 60 60
Leucine 100 97
Histidine 33 32
Phenylalanine 55 54
Phenylalanine+ Tyrosine 100 98
206 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.30 - Daily Nutritional Requirements of Gestating Swine


Breeders (kcal/day or g/day)
Primiparous Sows
Gestation Period, days
0 - 70 70 - 114 0 - 70 70 – 114
Body Weight, kg 130 170 200 230
Weight Gain, kg/day 0.45 0.30 0.33 0.16
Reproductive Gain, kg/day 0.07 0.43 0.08 0.47
ME, kcal/day2 6400 7290 7382 7771
Intake¹, g 2133 2430 2461 2590
Crude Protein, g 300 360 285 345
Calcium, g 15.5 17.0 17.0 18.5
Available Phosphorus, g 8.3 9.1 9.1 10.0
Digestible Phosphorus, g 7.3 8.1 8.1 9.0
Potassium, g 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.6
Sodium, g 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.2
Chlorine, g 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine², g 13.14 14.93 18.19 20.67 11.18 12.7 16.36 18.59
Methionine, g 3.68 4.03 5.09 5.58 3.13 3.43 4.58 5.02
Methionine + Cystine, g 7.23 8.06 10.00 11.16 6.15 6.86 9.00 10.04

Threonine, g 9.70 11.65 13.46 16.12 8.27 9.4 12.11 13.76


Tryptophan, g 2.50 2.99 3.46 4.13 2.12 2.54 3.11 3.72
Arginine, g 13.14 14.48 18.19 20.05 11.18 12.32 16.36 18.03
Valine, g 9.46 10.90 13.10 15.09 8.05 9.27 11.78 13.57
Isoleucine, g 7.88 8.96 10.91 12.4 6.71 7.62 9.82 11.15
Leucine. g 13.14 14.48 18.19 20.05 11.18 12.32 16.36 18.03
Histidine, g 4.34 4.78 6.00 6.61 3.69 4.06 5.40 5.95
Phenylalanine, g 7.23 8.06 10.00 11.16 6.15 6.86 9.00 10.04
Phenylalanine+ tyrosine, g 13.14 14.63 18.19 20.26 11.18 12.45 16.36 18.22
1
. Diet with 3000 kcal ME/kg.
2
. ME requirement was determined by the equation on Table 3.26, the amino acid requirements
using Table 3.27 (Dig Lysine equation) and
Table 3.29 (amino acid / lysine ratio). Total lysine
requirement was calculated considering an average true lysine digestibility of 88%.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 207

Table 3.31 - Nutritional Requirements ofGestating Swine Breeders


(% of Diet)1
Primiparous Sows
Gestation Period, Days 0-70 70-114 0-70 70-114
Body Weight, kg 130 170 200 230
Weight Gain, kg / day 0.45 0.3 0.33 0.16
Reproductive Gain, kg/day 0.07 0.43 0.08 0.47
ME, kcal/day 6400 7290 7382 7771
ME, kcal/kg 3000 3000 3000 3000
Intake, g 2133 2430 2461 2590
Crude Protein, % 14.06 14.81 11.58 13.32
Calcium, % 0.727 0.700 0.691 0.714
Available Phosphorus, % 0.389 0.375 0.370 0.386
Digestible Phosphorus, % 0.342 0.333 0.330 0.348
Potassium, % 0.328 0.309 0.325 0.332
Sodium, % 0.150 0.152 0.163 0.162
Chlorine, % 0.127 0.115 0.122 0.124
Amino Acid¹ Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine², % 0.616 0.700 0.749 0.851 0.454 0.516 0.632 0.718
Methionine, % 0.173 0.189 0.209 0.230 0.127 0.140 0.177 0.194
Methionine + Cystine, % 0.339 0.378 0.412 0.459 0.250 0.279 0.347 0. 388
Threonine, % 0.455 0.546 0.554 0.663 0.336 0.402 0.468 0.560
Tryptophan, % 0.117 0.140 0.142 0.169 0.086 0.103 0.120 0.144
Arginine, % 0.616 0.679 0.749 0.825 0.454 0.501 0.632 0.696
Valine, % 0.444 0.511 0.539 0.621 0.327 0.377 0.455 0.524
Isoleucine, % 0.369 0.420 0.449 0.510 0.273 0.310 0.379 0.431
Leucine, % 0.616 0.679 0.749 0.825 0.454 0.501 0.632 0.696
Histidine, % 0.203 0.224 0.247 0.272 0.150 0.165 0.208 0.230
Phenylalanine, % 0.339 0.378 0.411 0.459 0.250 0.279 0.347 0.388
Phenylalanine+ tyrosine, % 0.616 0.686 0.749 0.834 0.454 0.506 0.632 0.703
1
. Nutrient percentage was determined using Table 3.30 (daily nutritional requirements)
and daily intake. Total lysine requirement was calculated considering an average true
lysine digestibility of 88%.
208 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 209

Swine Bree ders - Lactation


210 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 211

Table 3.32 - Equation to Estimate Metabolizable Energy (ME)


Requirement and Feed Intake of Lactating
Primiparous Gilts and Sows (kcal/day or g/day)1,2

ME (kcal/day) = 106 W0.75 + 6230 x LWG - 4600 BWL

W= Body Weight in kg;


LWG= Litter Weight Gain in kg/day;
BWL= Body Weight Loss in kg/day.
Example:

W= 220 kg, where W0.75 = 57.124

LWG= litter = 11; piglet birth weight 1.5 kg;


Piglet weaning weight = 6.13kg; Lactation = 21 days

LWG= (6.13 – 1.5) x 11 = 2.4 kg/ day.


21

BWL: Weight at start of lactation= 220 kg. Weight at end of lactation=


209.5 kg
Lactation = 21 days.
BWL= (220 – 209.5)= 10.5/21 = 0.5 kg/day.

ME Req = 106 x 57.124 + 6230 x 2.4 – 4600 x 0.5 =


ME Req = 6055 + 14952 – 2300 = 18707 kcal/day

ME Lactation Diet = 3400 kcal/kg= 3.4 kcal/g


Estimated Feed Intake = 18707/3.4= 5502 g/day.
1
Estimated from values obtained in Theses performed at UFV; NRC (1998); Close and
Cole (2001) and Mejia et al (2007).
2
. Environmental temperature and weather variables can affect energy requirements
during lactation. For each 1ºC higher or lower than 20ºC, ME requirement changes
approximately ± 280 kcal ME / head. The values presented here were calculated for an
environmental temperature of 20ºC.
212 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.33 - Equation to Estimate True Digestible Lysine (Dig. Lys)


Requirement of Lactating Primiparous Gilts and Sows
(g/day)

Dig. lys(g/day) = 0.036 W0.75 + 23.6 LWG – 7.0 BWL

W= Body Weight in kg;


LWG= Litter Weight Gain in kg/day;
BWL= Body Weight Loss in kg/day.
Example:

W= 220 kg, where W0.75 = 57.124

LWG= litter = 11; piglet birth weight 1.5 kg;


Piglet weaning weight = 6.13 kg; Lactation = 21 days

LWG= (6.13 – 1.5) x 11 = 2.4 kg/ day.


21

BWL: Weight at Start of Lactation= 220 kg. Weight at End of Lactation=


209.5 kg
Lactation = 21 days.
BWL= (220 – 209.5)= 10.5/21 = 0.5 kg/day.

Dig. lys req.= 0.036 x 57.124 + 23.6 x 2.4 - 7.0 x 0.5 =


Dig. lys req.= 2.056 + 56.64 – 3.5 = 55.2 g/day
Intake estimate = 5502 g/day
% Dig. Lys in the diet = 1.003%
1
Estimated from values obtained in Theses performed at UFV; NRC (1998); Close and
Cole (2001) and Mejia et al (2007).
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 213

Table 3.34 - Equation to Estimate Metabolizable Energy (kcal/day) and Digestible


Lysine (g/day and %) Requirements and Intake (g/day) of Lactating
Sows (21 days) as a Function of Performance¹
Sow Weight, kg 180 220 260
Litter Weight Gain, kg/day 2.0 2.4 2.8 2.0 2.4 2.8 2.0 2.4 2.8
Body Weight Loss, kg/day ME Requirement (kcal/day) and Intake (g/day)
176693 20161 22653 18515 21007 23499 19323 21815 24307
02
(5197)4 (5930) (6663) (5445) (6179) (6911) (5683) (6416) (7149)
- 0.52 15369 17 861 20353 16215 18707 21199 17023 19515 22007
(4520) (5253) (5986) (4769) (5502) (6235) (5007) (5740) (6473)
2 13069 15561 18.053 13915 16407 18899 14723 17215 19707
- 1.0
(3844) (4577) (5310) (4093) (4826) (5559) (4330) (5063) (5796)
Dig lysine Requirement (g/day) and Dietary dig Lys Level (%)
49.05 58.4 67.9 49.3 58.7 68.1 49.5 59.0 68.4
0
(0.94)6 (0.98) (1 .02) (0.90) (0.95) (0.99) (0.87) (0.92) (0.96)
45.5 54.9 64.4 45.8 55.2 64.6 46.0 55.5 64.9
-0.5
(1.01) (1.045) (1.08) (0.96) (1.00) (1.04) (0.92) (0.97) (1.00)
42.0 51.4 60.9 42.3 51.7 61.1 42.5 52.0 61.4
-1.0
(1.09) (1. 12) (1.15) (1.03) (1.07) (1.10) (0.98) (1.03) (1.06)
1. Determined by equations on Tables 3.32 (ME requirement) and 3.33 (Dig. Lys Requirement).
2. Corresponds to the loss 0, 10.5 and 21 kg body weight during 21 days of lactation, respectively.
3. Daily ME requirement in kcal
4. Intake estimate (g/day) determined by dividing ME requirement by dietary ME (3400 kcal/kg)
5. Dig Lys requirement (g/day)
6. Dig Lys requirement (%)
214 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.35 - Amino Acid / Lysine Ratio Used to Estimate Amino


Acid Requirements of Lactating Swine Breeders

Lactation
Amino acid
Digestible Total
Lysine 100 100
Methionine 27 26
Methionine + Cystine 54 53
Threonine 64 68
Tryptophan 19 20
Arginine 69 66
Valine 78 79
Isoleucine 59 59
Leucine 114 114
Histidine 38 37
Phenylalanine 57 56
Phenylalanine+ Tyrosine 114 112
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 215

Table 3.36 - Nutritional Requirements of Lactating Sows (kcal/day


or g/day)

Body Weight, kg 180 220 260


Litter Weight Gain, kg/day 2 2.4 2.8 2.8
Weight Loss, kg/day -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -1.0
ME, kcal/day1 15369 18707 21199 19707
Intake2, g/day 4520 5502 6235 5796
Crude Protein, g 897 1092 1280 1202
Calcium, g 39.0 45.0 48.0 48.0
Available Phosphorus, g 21.3 24.0 24.6 24.6
Digestible Phosphorus, g 18.9 21.2 21.8 21.8
Potassium, g 14.5 17.0 18.0 18.0
Sodium, g 9.8 11.5 12.0 12.0
Chlorine, g 8.9 10.5 11.0 11.0
Amino Acid Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine1, g 45.50 51.70 55.20 62.73 64.60 73.41 61.40 69.77
Methionine, g 12.29 13.44 14.90 16.31 17.44 19.09 16.58 18.19
Methionine + Cystine, g 24.57 27.40 29.81 33.25 34.88 38.91 33.16 36.98
Threonine, g 29.12 35.16 35.33 42.66 41.34 49.92 39.30 47.44
Tryptophan, g 8.65 10.34 10.49 12.55 12.27 14.68 11.67 13.95

Arginine, g 31.40 34.12 38.08 41.40 44.57 48.45 42.37 46.05


Valine, g 35.49 40.84 43.05 49.56 50.39 57.99 47.89 55.12
isoleucine, g 26.85 30.50 32.57 37.01 38.11 43.31 36.23 41.16
Leucine, g 51.87 58.94 62.93 71.51 73.64 83.69 70.00 79.54
Histidine, g 17.29 19.13 20.98 23.21 24.55 27.16 23.33 25.81
Phenylalanine, g 25.94 28.95 31.46 35.13 36.82 41.11 35.00 39.07
Phenylalanine+ Tyrosine, g 51.87 58.94 62.93 71.51 73.64 83.69 70.00 79.54
1
. ME requirement was determined by the equation on Table 3.32, the amino acid
requirements using Table 3.33 (Dig Lysine equation) and Table 3.35 (amino acid /
lysine ratio). Total lysine requirement was calculated considering an average true lysine
digestibility of 88%.
2
. Diet with 3400 kcal ME/kg.
216 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 3.37 - Nutritional Requirements of Lactating Sows (% of diet)

Body Weight, kg 180 220 260


Litter Weight Gain, kg/day 2 2.4 2.8 2.8
Weight Loss, kg/day -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -1.0
ME, kcal/day1 15369 18707 21199 19707
Dietary ME, kcal/kg 3400 3400 3400 3400
Intake, g/day 4520 5502 6235 5796
Dig Lysine, g/day 45.5 55.2 64.6 61.4
Crude Potein, % 19.84 19.84 20.53 20.74
Calcium, % 0.86 0.82 0.77 0.83
Available Phosphorus, % 0.471 0.436 0.395 0.424
Digestible Phosphorus, % 0.418 0.385 0.350 0.376
Potassium, % 0.310 0.310 0.290 0.310
Sodium, % 0.220 0.210 0.190 0.210
Chlorine, % 0.200 0.190 0.180 0.190
Amino acid¹ Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total Dig. Total
Lysine², % 1.007 1.144 1.003 1.140 1.036 1.177 1.059 1.204
Methionine, % 0.272 0.297 0.271 0.296 0.280 0.306 0.286 0.313
Methionine + Cystine, % 0.543 0.606 0.542 0.604 0.559 0.624 0.572 0. 638
Threonine, % 0.644 0.778 0.642 0.775 0.663 0.801 0.678 0.818

Tryptophan, % 0.191 0.229 0.190 0.228 0.197 0.235 0.201 0.241


Arginine, % 0.695 0.755 0.692 0.752 0.714 0.777 0.731 0.794
Valine, % 0.785 0.903 0.782 0.900 0.808 0.930 0.826 0.951
Isoleucine, % 0.594 0.675 0.592 0.673 0.611 0.695 0.625 0.710
Leucine, % 1.148 1.304 1.144 1.300 1.181 1.342 1.208 1.372
Histidine, % 0.382 0.423 0.381 0.422 0.394 0.435 0.402 0.445
Phenylalanine, % 0.573 0.640 0.572 0.638 0.590 0.659 0.604 0.672
Phenylalanine+ tyrosine, % 1.147 1.304 1.144 1.300 1.181 1.342 1.208 1.372
1
. Nutrient percentage was determined using Table 3.36 (daily nutritional requirements)
and daily intake. Total lysine requirement was calculated considering an average true
lysine digestibility of 88%.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 217

CHAPTER 4

Simplif ied Tables of F eedst uff Compo sit ion and


Nutriti onal R equirements of Poultr y and S wine
218 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 219

Table 4.01 - Chemical Composition and Energy Values of the Main Feedstuffs
Used in Poultry and Swine (as Fed)
Dig. Met+Cys, Dig. Thr,
Phosphorus % Sodium ME, kcal/kg Dig. Lysine, %
CP Calcium % %
Feedstuffs
% % Dig Dig
Av % Poultry Swine Poultry Swine Poultry Swine Poultry Swine
Poultry Swine
Corn 7.88 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.11 0.02 3381 3340 0.19 0.18 0.29 0.29 0.27 0.26
Feather Meal
83.63 0.31 0.66 0.37 0.37 0.27 2761 2922 1.68 1.81 2.73 3.29 2.80 3.21
(84%)
Meat & Bone Meal
40.83 13.07 5.88 4.05 4.18 0.51 1937 2068 1.64 1.47 0.65 0.65 0.93 0.93
(41%)
Meat & Bone Meal
(44%) 43.50 12.28 5.53 3.81 3.93 0.63 2177 2200 1.78 1.61 0.71 0.70 1.05 1.03
Poultry By-Product
57.68 4.34 2.54 1.34 1.35 0.39 3241 3566 2.67 2.48 1.53 1.42 1.85 1.83
Meal
Rice Bran 13.13 0.11 0.24 0.48 0.47 0.04 2521 3111 0.49 0.46 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.35
Sorghum Low
8.97 0.03 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.02 3189 3315 0.17 0.16 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.24
Tannin
Soybean Full-Fat
36.42 0.23 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.01 3263 3706 1.96 1.83 0.87 0.82 1.22 1.14
Toasted
Soybean Meal
45.22 0.24 0.22 0.25 0.26 0.02 2254 3154 2.57 2.54 1.13 1.16 1.57 1.55
(45%)
Soybean Oil - - - - - - 8790 8300 - - - - - -
Wheat Bran 15.62 0.14 0.33 0.48 0.50 0.02 1795 2390 0.47 0.46 0.43 0.46 0.37 0.37
L-Lysine Hcl 85.8 - - - - - 3762 4599 78.8 77.5 - - - -
Dl-Methionine 59.4 - - - - - 4858 5475 - - 98.2 98.5 - -
L-Threonine 78.1 - - - - - 3067 3802 - - - - 96.1 94.7
Limestone - 37.7 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dicalcium
- 24.5 18.5 12.9 13.9 - - - - - - - - -
Phosphate
Salt - - - - 39.7 - - - - - - - -
220 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 4.02 - Nutritional Requirements of Standard Performance


Male and Female Broilers (%)
Pre-starter Starter Grower I Grower II Finisher
Nutrients days 1-7 8-21 22-33 34-42 43-46
Male Broilers
Metabolizable Energy kcal/kg 2.950 3.000 3.100 3.150 3.200
Protein Crude % 22.20 20.80 1950 18.00 17.30
Calcium % 0.920 0.819 0.732 0.638 0576

Available Phosphorus % 0.470 0.391 0.342 0.298 0.269


Digestible Phosphorus % 0.395 0.343 0.313 0.273 0.247
Sodium % 0.220 0.210 0.200 0.195 0.190
Lysine Dig. % 1.310 1.174 1.078 1.010 0.936
Methionine Dig. % 0.511 0.458 0.431 0.404 0.374
Methionine + Cystine Dig % 0.944 0.846 0.787 0.737 0.683
Threonine Dig % 0.852 0.763 0.701 0.656 0.608
Tryptophan Dig % 0.223 0.200 0.194 0.182 0.168
Arginine Dig % 1.415 1.268 1.164 1.091 1.011
Glycine + Serine Dig % 1.926 1.726 1.445 1.353 1.254
Valine Dig % 1.009 0.904 0.841 0.788 0.730
Isoleucine Dig % 0.878 0.787 0.733 0.687 0.636
Female Broilers
Metabolizable Energy kcal/kg 2.950 3.000 3.100 3.150 3.200
Protein Crude % 21.80 20.40 19.00 17.50 17.00
Calcium % 0.920 0.809 0.683 0.566 0.506
Available Phosphorus % 0.470 0.386 0.319 0.264 0.236
Digestible Phosphorus % 0.395 0.339 0.292 0.242 0.217
Sodium % 0.220 0.200 0.195 0.185 0.180
Lysine Dig % 1.326 1.165 1.005 0.892 0.822
Methionine Dig % 0.517 0.454 0.402 0.357 0.329
Methionine + Cystine Dig % 0.954 0.839 0.733 0.651 0.600
Threonine Dig % 0.862 0.757 0.653 0.580 0.534
Tryptophan Dig % 0.225 0.198 0.181 0.161 0.148
Arginine Dig % 1.432 1.258 1.085 0.963 0.888
Glycine + Serine Dig % 1.949 1.713 1.346 1,195 1.101
Valine Dig % 1.021 0.897 0.784 0.696 0.641
Isoleucine Dig % 0.888 0.781 0.683 0.607 0.559
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 221

Table 4.03 - Nutritional Requirements of Replacement Layer


Pullets, Quails, Layers, and Broiler Breeders
Replacement Pullets White Quails Breeders
Layers
Weeks / Intake Starter Grower Developer Japanese Hens
1-61 7-121 13-161 26.32 1032 1602
ME, kcal/kg 2900 2900 2900 2800 2900 2750
Protein, % 18.00 16.00 14.00 18.8 16.02 13.1
Calcium, % 0.940 0.832 0.800 2.92 3.90 2.56
Available Phosphorus, % 0.437 0.392 0.310 0.304 0.291 0.250
Digestible Phosphorus, % 0.367 0.334 0.275 0.278 0.262 0.238
Sodium, % 0.180 0.160 0.150 0.146 0.218 0.156
Lysine Dig, % 0.876 0.621 0.483 1.097 0.777 0.552
Methionine Dig, % 0.350 0.273 0.217 0.494 0.389 0.265
Methionine + Cystine Dig, % 0.640 0.497 0.396 0.900 0.707 0.480
Threonine Dig, % 0.587 0.422 0.333 0.658 0.591 0.447
Tryptophan Dig, % 0.158 0.124 0.106 0.230 0.179 0.127
Arginine Dig, % 0.937 0.671 0.531 1.273 0.777 0.635
Glycine + Serine Dig, % 0.675 0.478 0.372 1.251 0.598 0.563
Valine Dig, % 0.666 0.497 0.396 0.823 0.738 0.497
Isoleucine Dig, % 0.604 0.466 0.372 0.713 0.591 0.497

1- Age in weeks. 2 - Intake (g/ day).


222 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

Table 4.04 - Nutritional Requirements of High Genetic Potential


Barrows with Standard Performance (%)

Phase Prestarter II Starter Grower I, II Finisher I, II

Weight,kKg 9.3 a 15 15 a 30 30 a 50 50 a 70 70 a 100 100 a 120


Age, days 33-42 42 – 67 68 - 91 92 - 112 113 - 140 141 - 160

ME, Kcal/Kg 3.375 3230 3230 3230 3230 3230

Protein, % 21.00 18.13 16.82 15.43 13.83 12.39

Calcium, % 0.825 0.733 0.630 0.512 0.474 0.443

Available Phosphorus, % 0.450 0.363 0.311 0.250 0.231 0.216

Digestible Phosphorus, % 0.410 0.351 0.302 0.248 0.230 0.215

Sodium, % 0.230 0.200 0.180 0.170 0.160 0.150

Lysine Dig, % 1.330 1.037 0.927 0.823 0.763 0.691

Methionine Dig, % 0.372 0.290 0.278 0.247 0.237 0.214

Met + Cist Dig, % 0.745 0.581 0.547 0.486 0.458 0.415

Threonine Dig, % 0.838 0.653 0.603 0.535 0.511 0.463

Tryptophan Dig, % 0.239 0.187 0.167 0.148 0.137 0.124

Arginine Dig, % 1.131 0.436 0.380 0.337 0.244 0.221

Valine Dig, % 0.918 0.716 0.640 0.568 0.526 0.477

Isoleucine Dig, % 0.732 0.570 0.510 0.453 0.420 0.380


Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 223

Table 4.05 - Nutritional Requirements of Gestating and Lactating


Sows (%)

Gestation Lactation
Nutrient
0-702 70-1142 2.43 2.83
Intake¹, g/day 2461 2590 5502 6235
Crude Protein, % 11.58 13.32 19.84 20.53
Calcium, % 0.691 0.714 0.820 0.770

Available Phosphorus,
Digestible Phosphorus,%% 0.370
0.330 0.386
0.348 0.436
0.385 0.395
0.350
Sodium, % 0.163 0.162 0.210 0.190
Lysine Dig, % 0.454 0.632 1.003 1.036
Methionine Dig, % 0.127 0.177 0.271 0.280
Methionine + Cystine Dig, % 0.250 0.347 0.542 0.559
Threonine Dig, % 0.336 0.468 0.642 0.663
Tryptophan Dig, % 0.086 0.120 0.190 0.197
Arginine Dig, % 0.454 0.632 0.692 0.714
Valine Dig, % 0.327 0.455 0.782 0.808
Isoleucine Dig, % 0.273 0.379 0.592 0.611
1. Diet with 3000 and 3400 kcal /kg in gestation and lactation, respectively.
2. Gestation, days.
3. Litter weight gain (kg/day); body weight loss of 0.5 kg/day.
224 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 225

CHAPTER 5
References
- UFV Dissertations and Theses -
- Other Literature References -
226 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 227

UFV Dissertatio ns and Theses

ABREU, M. L. T. Níveis de Lisina Digestível em Rações Utilizando o Conceito


de Proteína Ideal, para Suínos Machos Castrados de Alto Potencial
Genético, dos 15 aos 95kg. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2005. Tese (Doutorado em
Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

AGOSTINI, P. D’ Composição Química, Energia Metabolizável e Aminoácidos


Digestíveis de Alguns Alimentos Para Aves. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2001.

Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.


AGOSTINI, P. D’ Exigências de Metionina + Cistina para Frangas de
Reposição Leves e Semi Pesadas, nas Fases Inicial, Cria e Recria. Viçosa
MG: UFV, 2005. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de
Viçosa.

ALBINO, L. F. T. Sistemas de Avaliação Nutricional de Alimentos e suas


Aplicações na Formulação de Rações para Frangos de Corte. Viçosa MG:
UFV, 1991. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de
Viçosa.

ALEBRANTRE, L. Fósforo Disponível para Suínos Mantidos em Diferentes


Ambientes Térmicos dos 15 aos 30 kg. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2010. Dissertação
(Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

ALEBRANTE, L. Níveis de Lisina Digestível e Planos de Nutrição para Suínos


Machos Inteiros Submetidos a Imunocastração. Viçosa-MG, 2010. Tese em
Andamento (Doutorado em Zootecnia). - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
AMARAL, A. M. Digestibilidade Ileal Aparente e Verdadeira de Aminoácidos
em Alimentos Utilizados em Dietas para Suínos em Crescimento. Viçosa
MG: UFV, 2001. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade
Federal de Viçosa.

AMBROZINI, S.R. Níveis de Energia Metabolizável e de Metionina + Cistina


na Recria de Frangas Pesadas e seus Efeitos na Reprodução. Viçosa,
UFV, 1991. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal
de Viçosa.

APOLÔNIO, L. R. Digestibilidade Ileal de Aminoácidos de Alimentos


Utilizados em Dietas para Suínos. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2001. Dissertação
(Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
228 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

APOLÔNIO, L. R. Níveis de Triptofano Digestível em Rações para Suínos dos


5 aos 60 kg. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2007. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) -
Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

ARAÚJO, M. S. Níveis de Cromo Orgânico na Dieta de Codornas Japonesas,


Mantidas sob Estresse por Calor, na Fase de Postura. Viçosa MG: UFV,
2005. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de
Viçosa.

ARAÚJO, M. S. Composição Química e Energética e Aminoácidos Digestíveis


de Alguns Alimentos para Codornas Japonesas. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2008.
Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

ARAÚJO, W.A. Utilização do Farelo de Girassol em Dietas de Frangos de


Corte, Poedeiras e Suínos em Crescimento. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2011. Tese
em Andamento (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de
Viçosa.

ASSIS, A. P. Níveis de Fósforo Disponível em Rações para Frangos de Corte


Machos de 8 aos 42 dias de Idade Mantidos em Diferentes Ambientes
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

AZEVEDO, D. M. S. Fatores que Influenciam os Valores de Energia


Metabolizável da Farinha de Carne e Ossos para Aves. Viçosa MG: UFV,
1997. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de
Viçosa.

BALBINO, E. M. Níveis de Lisina Digestível em Rações Suplementadas ou


não com Aminoácidos Industriais para Frangos de Corte Mantidos em
Diferentes Ambientes Térmicos. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2008. Dissertação
(Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

BARBARINO JR, P. Desempenho Produtivos e Econômicos e Avaliação da


Carcaça de Frangos de Corte Submetidos à Restrição Alimentar Precoce.
Viçosa MG: UFV, 1995. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) -
Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

BARBARINO JR., P. Avaliação da Qualidade Nutricional do Milho pela


Utilização de Técnicas de Análise Uni e Mutivariadas. Viçosa MG: UFV,
2001. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 229

BARBOSA, B.A.C. Exigências Nutricionais em Metionina + Cistina e Lisina


para Poedeiras Leves e Semipesadas, no Segundo Ciclo de Produção.
Viçosa MG: UFV, 1997. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) -
Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
BARBOSA, R. J. Exigência de Metionina+Cistina para Frangos de Corte na
Fase de Crescimento e Acabamento. Viçosa MG: UFV, 1998. Dissertação
(Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
BARBOZA, W. A. Balanço e Biodisponibilidade da Metionina Hidroxi Análoga
-Estresse
Ácido Livre Comparada
Calórico. Viçosa com
MG: aUFV,
DL - 1995.
Metionina em Aves(Mestrado
Dissertação Submetidas
em a
Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
BARBOZA, W. A. Exigências Nutricionais de Lisina para Duas Marcas
Comerciais de Frangos de Corte. Viçosa MG: UFV, 1998. Tese (Doutorado
em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
BARROS, J. M. S. Exigência Nutricional de Sódio para Frangos de Corte
Machos e Fêmeas. Viçosa MG: UFV, 1999. Dissertação (Mestrado em
Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
BATISTA, R. M. Lisina Digestível para Suínos Machos Castrados de Alta
Deposição de Carne Submetidos a Estresse por Calor. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2008.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
BENÍCIO, L. A. S. Estudo da Influência das Linhagens e de níveis Nutricionais
sobre Desempenho, Rendimento de Carcaça e Avaliação Econômica em

-Frangos de Corte.
Universidade Viçosa
Federal de MG: UFV, 1995. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia)
Viçosa.
BERNAL, L. E. P. Níveis de Treonina em Rações de Alta e Baixa
Digestibilidade para Frangos de Corte, Criados em Cama Limpa e
Reutilizada. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2004. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) -
Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
BERNAL, L. E. P. Níveis Dietéticos de Lisina e de Metionina + Cistina
Digestíveis para Frangos de Corte Cobb. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2008. Tese
(Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
BERNARDINO, V. M. P. Diferentes Relações Treonina : Lisina em Dietas
para Frangos de Corte, Suplementadas com Glicina: Desempenho e
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Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
230 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

BORGES, A. F. Níveis de Lisina para Frangos de Corte Mantidos em


Ambiente de Alta Temperatura. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2000. Dissertação
(Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

BORGES, C. A. Q. Exigências Nutricionais de Proteína e de Energia Para


Galos Reprodutores de Corte na Fase de Reprodução. Viçosa MG: UFV,
2001. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

BRITO, C. O. Avaliação de Dietas Formuladas com Aminoácidos Totais e


Digestíveis e Estimativas do Crescimento e da Deposição de Nutrientes em
Frangos de Corte. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2007. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia)
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

BRUGALLI, I. Efeito da Granulometria na Biodisponibilidade de Fósforo e nos


Valore Energéticos da Farinha de Carne e Ossos e Exigência Nutricional de
Fósforo pra Pintos de Corte. Viçosa MG: UFV, 1996. Dissertação (Mestrado
em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

BRUMANO, G. Composição Química e Valores de Energia Metabolizável e de


Aminoácidos Digestíveis de Alimentos Protéicos para Aves. Viçosa MG: UFV,
2005. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

BRUMANO, G. Níveis de Metionina + Cistina Digestíveis em Rações para


Poedeiras Leves, nos Períodos de 24 a 40 e 42 a 58 Semanas de Idade.
Viçosa MG: UFV, 2008. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade
Federal de Viçosa.

BUTERI, C. B. Efeitos de Diferentes Planos Nutricionais sobre a Composição e o


Desenvolvimento Produtivo e Econômico de Frangos de Corte. Viçosa - MG.
UFV. 2003. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

BUTERI, C. B. Níveis Nutricionais de Lisina Digestível no Desempenho


Produtivo Econômico de Frangos de Corte. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2001.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

BUNZEN, S. Digestibilidade Aparente e Verdadeira do Fósforo de Alimentos


Determinada com Suínos em Crescimento e Terminação. Viçosa MG: UFV,
2005. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

BUNZEN, S. Digestibilidade do Fósforo de Alimentos e Exigência de Fósforo


Digestível de Aves e Suínos. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2009. Tese (Doutorado em
Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 231

CABRAL, G. H. Níveis de Cálcio em Rações para Frangos de Corte. Viçosa - MG:


UFV, 1999. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
CALDERANO, A. A. Valores de Composição Química e de Energia de
Alimentos de Origem Vegetal Determinados com Aves de Diferentes
Idades. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2008. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) -
Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

CAMPOS, A. M. A. Atualização da Proteína Ideal para Frangos de Corte:


Arginina, Isoleucina, Triptofano e Valina. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2010. Tese
(Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
CAMPOS, P. F. Fósforo Disponível em Dietas Com ou Sem Ractopamina pra
Fêmeas Suínas em Terminação Tardia. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2010.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

CARDOSO, C. C. Valores de Energia Metabolizável de Alguns Óleos e


Gordura para Aves. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2000. Dissertação (Mestrado em
Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

CARÍSSIMO, A. P. G. Relação Aminoácidos Sulfurosos, Metionina + Cistina


Digestível com Lisina Digestível em Dietas sem Antibiótico para Leitões
desmamados aos 21 dias de idade. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2007. Dissertação
(Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

CARVALHO, D. C. O. Valor Nutritivo do Milho para Aves, Submetido a


Diferentes Temperaturas de Secagem e Tempo de Armazenamento.
Viçosa MG: UFV, 2002. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) -
Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
CARVALHO, D. C. O. Biodisponibilidade de Fontes de Metionina e Exigências
Nutricionais de Lisina e de Triptofano para Poedeiras Leves, Mantidas em
Ambiente de Alta Temperatura, na Fase de Produção. Viçosa MG: UFV,
2005. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

CASTRO, A. J. Exigência de Triptofano para Frangos de Corte Machos e


Fêmeas. Viçosa MG: UFV, 1997. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) -
Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
CORTESE NETO, M. Efeito do Nível de Fósforo da Dieta sobre a Capacidade
Reprodutiva e Integridade dos Ossos de Galos Reprodutores de Corte.
Viçosa MG: UFV, 1991 Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) -
Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
232 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

COSTA, C. H. R. Níveis de Fósforo e de Cálcio em Dietas para Codornas


Japonesas em Postura. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2006. Dissertação (Mestrado em
Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

COSTA, C. H. R. Níveis de Cálcio e de Fósforo em Dietas para Codornas


Japonesas de 45 A 57 Semanas de Idade. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2009. Tese
(Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

COSTA, F. G. P. Níveis Dietéticos de Lisina e Proteína Bruta para Frangos de


Corte. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2000. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade
Federal de Viçosa.
COSTA, L. F. Determinação das Perdas Endógenas e Digestibilidade Ileal
dos Aminoácidos com Suínos Utilizando Duas Técnicas. Viçosa MG: UFV,
2005. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de
Viçosa.

COTA, T. S. Níveis de Lisina em Ração de Lactação para Fêmeas Suínas


Primíparas. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2002. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) -
Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

COUTO, H. P. Alimentação de Leitões Desmamados aos 10 Dias de Idade


Utilizando Ração Seca. Viçosa MG: UFV, 1991 Dissertação (Mestrado em
Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

COUTO, H. P. Exigências Nutricionais de Proteína, Metionina+Cistina e Lisina


de Galos Reprodutores de Corte. Viçosa MG: UFV, 1994. Tese (Doutorado
em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

CUPERTINO, E. S. Exigências Nutricionais de Manganês para Frangos de


Corte Machos e Fêmeas. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2002. Dissertação (Mestrado
em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

CUPERTINO, E. S. Exigências Nutricionais de Lisina, de Metionina + Cistina


e de Treonina para Galinhas Poedeiras no Período de 5 a 70 Semanas de
Idade. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2006. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) -
Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

D’AGOSTINI, P. Composição Química, Energia Metabolizável e Aminoácidos


digestíveis de Alguns Alimentos para Aves. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2001.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 233

D’AGOSTINI, P. Exigencias de Metionina + Cistina para Frangas de


Reposição Leves e Semipesadas nas Fases Inicial, Cria e Recria. Viçosa
MG: UFV, 2005. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de
Viçosa.

DIONIZIO, M. A. Efeitos de Níveis Protéicos e da Suplementação


Aminoacídica na Dieta de Frangos de Corte na Fase de Crescimento.
Viçosa MG: UFV, 2005. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade
Federal de Viçosa.

DONZELE, J. L. Níveis de Proteína Bruta, Lisina e Energia Digestível em


Rações Contendo Leite Desnatado em Pó para Suínos de 5 a 15 kg.
Viçosa MG: UFV, 1991. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade
Federal de Viçosa.

FERREIRA, R. A. Avaliação da Redução da Proteína Bruta da Ração com


Suplementação de Aminoácidos para Suínos de 15 a 60 kg Mantidos em
Diferentes Ambientes Térmicos. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2001. Tese (Doutorado
em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

FISCHER JR., A. A. Valores de Energia Metabolizável e de Aminoácidos


Digestíveis de Alguns Alimentos para Aves. Viçosa MG: UFV, 1997.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

FONTES, D. O. Lisina para Leitoas Selecionadas Geneticamente para


Deposição de Carne Magra na Carcaça. Viçosa MG: UFV, 1999. Tese
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FORTES, E.I. Níveis de Lisina Digestível e Planos de Nutrição para Suínos
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GATTÁS, G. Níveis de Lisina Digestível em Dietas para Suínos dos 60 aos


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GENEROSO, R. A. R. Composição Química, Energética e Aminoácidos


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GIROTTO JÚNIOR, C. J. Redução de Proteína com Suplementação de


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GONDIM, C. A. S. Níveis Nutricionais de Sódio e de Proteína e Fontes de


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HAESE, D. Níveis de Triptofano Digestível em Rações para Suínos Machos


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HAESE, D. Validação das Relações de Aminoácidos com Lisina Digestíveis e


Avaliação de Diferentes Densidades Nutricionais em Rações para Porcas
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HASCHIMOTO, F. A. M. Composição e Digestibilidade de Alguns Alimentos


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HASCHIMOTO, F. A. M. Níveis de Proteína para Porcas de Segunda e


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HONMA, N. H. Efeito dos Níveis Nutricionais de Cálcio sobre a Capacidade
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KIEFER, C. Exigência de Metionina Mais Cistina Digestíveis para Suínos dos 30


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KIEFER, C. Níveis de Treonina Digestível para Porcas Lactantes. Viçosa MG:


UFV, 2006. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

KILL, J. L. Níveis de Lisina e Planos de Nutrição, para as Fases de


Crescimento e Terminação, para Leitoas de Alto Potencial Genético para
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Tables Brasileiras para Poultry and Swine - 235

KUANA, S. Exigências Nutricionais de Energia Metabolizável,


Metionina+Cistina e de Lisina para Matrizes Pesadas. Viçosa MG: UFV,
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LELIS, G. R. Atualização da Proteína ideal para Poedeiras Semi Pesadas:


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LIMA, C. A. R. Níveis de Metionina + Cistina e de Lisina em Dietas para


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LIMA, H. J. D. Uso da Enzima Fitase em Ração para Codornas Japonesas


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LIMA, I. L. Disponibilidade de Fósforo e Flúor de Alguns Alimentos e


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LIMA, K. R. S. Níveis de Proteína Bruta da Ração para Marrãs em Gestação.


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LIMA, K. R. S. Desempenho de Porcas Submetidas Durante a Gestação Do


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LOPES, T. H. C. Níveis de Proteína Bruta na Ração de Gestação para
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LORA, G. A. Estudo de Estratégias Nutricionais para Frangos de Corte.


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MARSCARENHAS, A. G. Fontes Lipídicas e Níveis de Energia Digestível


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MELLO, H. H. C. Determinação dos Valores de Energia Metabolizável de


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MONTOYA, F.S. Efeito de Diferentes Níveis Dietéticos de Leucina,


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MELLO, H. H. C. Exigência de Fósforo Disponível para Frangos de Corte


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MORATA, R. L. Valor Nutritivo de Alimentos, Deposição de Nutrientes e


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MOREIRA, I. Valor Nutritivo e Utilização de Milho e Soja Integral Processados


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MORETO, V. Níveis de Lisina para Suínos de 15 a 30 kg de Peso. Viçosa


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MOURA, C.O. Exigências Nutricional de Sódio para Poedeiras Leves e


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NARVÁEZ S., W. V. Exigências em Metionina + Cistina para Poedeiras Leves


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NASCIMENTO, A. H. Avaliação Química e Energética do Farelo de Canola e


sua Utilização para Frangos de Corte. Viçosa MG: UFV, 1997. Dissertação
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NASCIMENTO, A. H. Determinação do Valor Nutritivo da Farinha de Vísceras e da


Farinha de Penas para Aves, Utilizando Diferentes Metodologias. Viçosa MG:
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NEME, R. Digestibilidade Verdadeira e Biodisponibilidade da Lisina Sulfato e


da Lisina Hcl Determinadas em Aves. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2000. Dissertação
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NERY, L. R. Uso de Anticoccidiano, de Glicina e de Glutamina / Glutamato


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NEVES, A. C. E. Estudo da Composição Química, da Digestibilidade, da


Aditividade e dos Valore Energéticos de Alguns Alimentos para Suínos em
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NOGUEIRA, E. T. Digestibilidade Ileal de Proteína e de Aminoácidos de


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NUNES, C. G. V. Níveis de Lisina em Rações para Fêmeas Suínas em


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NUNES, R. V. Digestibilidade de Nutrientes e Valores Energéticos de Alguns


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OLIVEIRA NETO, A. R. Níveis de Aminoácidos Sulfurosos para Frangos de


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OLIVEIRA, G. A. Efeito da Temperatura Ambiente Sobre o Desempenho e as


Características de Carcaça de Frangos de Corte dos 22 aos 42 Dias.
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OLIVEIRA, V. A. F. Exigência de Treonina Digestível em Rações para Porcas
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OLIVEIRA, W. P. Redução do Nível de Proteína Bruta com Suplementação
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ORLANDO, U. A. D. Nível de Proteína Bruta na Ração e Efeito da
Temperatura Ambiente Sobre o Desempenho e Parâmetros Fisiológicos de
Leitoas em Crescimento.Viçosa MG: UFV, 2000. Dissertação (Mestrado em
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ORLANDO, U. A. D. Níveis de Proteína Bruta e Suplementação de
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PAIVA, F. P. Lisina e Energia Digestível em Rações para Fêmeas Suínas
Primíparas. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2004. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) –
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PASTORES, S. M. Níveis de Cálcio e Relação Cálcio/Fósforo em Rações para
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PENA, S. M. Relação Metionina + Cistina Digestível: Lisina Digestível em
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Excreção de Nutrientes para Suínos dos 30 aos 100 kg. Viçosa MG: UFV,
2010. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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PEREIRA, A. A. Níveis de Triptofano Digestível em Rações para Suínos


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PEREIRA, C. A. Exigência Nutricional de Cálcio para Codornas Japonesas


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PEREIRA, L. E. J. Digestibilidade de Nutrientes de Alimentos para Suínos


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PINHEIRO, S. R. F. Níveis de Triptofano em Dietas para Codornas


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PINTO, R. Exigências de Metionina + Cistina e de Lisina para Codornas


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POZZA, P. C. Valor Energético e Digestibilidade Ileal de Aminoácidos de


Farinha de Carne e Ossos e de Farinha de Vísceras para Suínos. Viçosa
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PUPA, J. M. R. Rações para Frangos de Corte Formuladas com Valores de


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PUPA, J. M. R. Avaliação de Alimentos e Desenvolvimento de Dietas


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REZENDE, W. O. Níveis de Energia Metabolizável e Relação Lisina
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RIBEIRO, M. Efeitos de Fonte e Níveis de Nitrogênio Não-Específicos no


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RIGUEIRA, D. C. M. Exigências Nutricionais de Zinco para Frangos de Corte


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RIGUEIRA, L. C. M. Aplicação do Conceito de Proteína Ideal em Dietas com


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RODRIGUEIRO, R. J. B. Exigência Nutricional de Lisina para Poedeiras


Leves e Semipesadas em Crescimento. Viçosa MG: UFV, 2001. Tese
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RODRIGUES, N. E. B. Níveis de Treonina em Rações para Suínos com Alto
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ROSSONI, M. C. Exigência de Treonina Digestível para Suínos Machos Castrados,


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SABIONE, K. S. Níveis de Proteína Bruta na Dieta de Gestação para Fêmeas


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SAKOMURA, N. K. Exigência Nutricionais de Energia Metabolizável para


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SALGUERO, S.C. Digestibilidade do Cálcio de Alimentos Avaliada em


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SALGUERO, S.C. Avaliação da Enzima Fitase em Dietas de Milho e Soja com
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SANTOS, F. A. Exigência de Metionina + Cistina Digestíveis para Suínos Machos


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SCHMIDT, M. Níveis Nutricionais de Lisina, de Metionina + Cistina e de


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SCHMIDT, M. Níveis Nutricionais de Cobre para Frangos de Corte Machos e
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242 - Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine

SARAIVA, E. P. Níveis de Proteína Bruta em Rações para Suínos Machos


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