School of Civil, Environmental, and Geological Engineering
FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING
CE120-02 SECTION A3
PROJECT FOR MODULE 2:
PROBLEM SET WITH SOLUTION
Submitted by:
PASCUA, JOSHUA MATTHEW S.
2019100428
1.A. TRAVERSING PRINCIPLES
1.A.i. The following are deflection angles observed in a closed-loop traverse.
A=850 20’ L;
B=100 11’ R;
C= 830 32’ L;
D= 630 27’ L;
E= 340 18’ L;
F= 720 56’ L;
G= 300 45’ L
Compute the error of closure and adjust the deflection angles assuming that all
observations are made with equal precision.
1.A.ii A clockwise interior angle in a closed traverse is as follows
A= 840 58’,
B=1570 38’,
C=240 37’
D= 1530 14’ ,
E=1030 54’,
F= 139’ 06’
G= 2360 49’
Compute the error of closure and adjust the interior angle.
1.B. STADIA TACHEOMETRIC SURVEY
1.B.i. To determine the distance between two points A and B, a tacheometer was set up at P
and the following observations were recorded.
(a) Staff at A
Staff readings = 2.225, 2.605, 2.985
Vertical angle = + 7°54′
(b) Staff at B
Staff readings = 1.640, 1.920, 2.200
Vertical angle = – 1°46′
(c) Horizontal angle APB = + 68°32′30″
Elevation of A = 315.600 m
k = 100 m
c = 0.00 m
Determine the distance AB and the elevation of B.
1.B.ii. To measure a line AB, a theodolite was set up at A and a subtense bar of length 2 m was
set up at B. The horizontal angle measured at A for the subtense bar targets was 4°02′26.4″.
Determine the length of AB,
the fractional error in the length AB if the horizontal angle was measured with an
accuracy of ± 1.5″, and the error in AB if the subtense bar was out by 1° from being normal to
AB.
1.C. HORIZONTAL CURVES
1.C.i. A circular curve of 250 m radius is to be set out between two straights having
deflection angle of 45°20′ right, and chainage of the point of intersection as 112 + 10.
Calculate the necessary data for setting out the curve by the method of offsets from the chords
produced taking the length of one chain as 20 m.
Solution
1.C.ii Two straights AB and BC are to be connected by a right-hand circular curve. The
bearings of AB and BC are 70° and 140°, respectively. The curve is to pass through a point P
at a distance of 120 m from B, and the angle ABP is 40°. Determine
(i) Radius of the curve,
(ii) Chainage of the tangent points,
(iii) Total deflection angles for the first two pegs.
Take the peg interval and the length of a normal chord as 30 m. The chainage of the P.I. is
3000 m.
Solution
1.D. EARTHWORKS
1.D.i The length of a line originally 100 mm long on a map plotted to a scale of 111000,
was found to be 96 mm due to shrinkage of the map. The map prepared using a tape of length
20 m was later found to be 20.03 m. If a certain area on the map, measured using a planimeter,
is 282 mm2, determine the correct area on the ground.
1.D.ii. Figure 3.5 is a plan view of a proposed rectangular excavation on sloping ground.
Soil is to be excavated to a rectangular level plane ABCD having a reduced level (RL) of 100
m. The excavation is to have batter planes of 1 in s (1 vertical to s horizontal) where s=3. The
dotted line A'B'C'D' is the extent of the excavation, i.e., where the batter planes intersect the
natural surface. The rectangle ABCD (50 m by 30 m) has been marked on the ground and
RL's of the corners are shown.
Assuming that a natural surface is a plane, use the RL's of A, B, and C to compute the
normal equation of the natural surface plane. Check that the computed RL of D (from the
equation of the plane) is close to the measured natural surface RL.
