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Beamwidth

The document is a report on fundamental parameters of antennas submitted by Hiba Abdalkhalq Alsawaf and supervised by Assistant Prof. Dr. Younes Aboush. It contains sections on beamwidth, bandwidth, and input impedance of antennas. Beamwidth is the measure of an antenna's directivity and is affected by the radiation pattern shape, antenna dimensions, and wavelength. Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies over which an antenna meets performance standards. Input impedance is the equivalent resistance and reactance seen looking into the antenna terminals and must be matched to the transmission line for maximum power transfer.

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88 views17 pages

Beamwidth

The document is a report on fundamental parameters of antennas submitted by Hiba Abdalkhalq Alsawaf and supervised by Assistant Prof. Dr. Younes Aboush. It contains sections on beamwidth, bandwidth, and input impedance of antennas. Beamwidth is the measure of an antenna's directivity and is affected by the radiation pattern shape, antenna dimensions, and wavelength. Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies over which an antenna meets performance standards. Input impedance is the equivalent resistance and reactance seen looking into the antenna terminals and must be matched to the transmission line for maximum power transfer.

Uploaded by

ahmed salim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Mosul College

of Engineering Electrical
Engineering Department

Fundamental Parameters
of Antennas
Report Submitted by
Hiba Abdalkhalq Alsawaf

Supervised by
Assistant Prof.Dr. Younes Aboush
Contents
1. Beamwidth
2. Band width
3. Input impedance

1
1. Beamwidth

Figure 2.11 Three- and two-dimensional power patterns (in linear scale) of U (θ )
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝜃 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (3𝜃 ).

Where , U = radiation intensity (W/unit solid angle)


2
1. Beamwidth:
Antenna beamwidth is the measure of directivity of antenna. The
antenna beamwidth is angular width. It is expressed degrees or
radians. It is measured on major lobe of the radiation pattern of the
antenna including FNBW and HPBW.
The factors which affects the beamwidth are as follows.
-Shape of radiation pattern
-Antenna dimensions
-Wavelength

3
A. Antenna FNBW-First Null Beamwidth(Null to Null Beamwidth)
• It is angular width which is measured between first nulls or first side lobes on
antenna radiation pattern.

B. Antenna HPBW-Half Power Beamwidth

• It is angular width measured on the main beam of the antenna radiation pattern.
• The angular width on major lobe between two points where power is half of the
maximum radiated power is known as HPBW (i.e. -3-dB beamwidth).

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• Amplitude field 𝑬 or power 𝑬 𝟐patterns

Figure 2.2 Two-dimensional normalized field pattern(linear scale), power


pattern(linear scale), and power pattern(in dB)

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2.Bandwidth
The bandwidth of an antenna is defined as
“the range of frequencies within which the
performance of the antenna, with respect to
some characteristic, conforms to a specified
standard”. The bandwidth can be considered
to be the range of frequencies, on either side
of a center frequency (usually the resonance
frequency for a dipole), where the antenna
characteristics (such as input impedance,
pattern, beamwidth, polarization, side lobe
level, gain, beam direction, radiation
efficiency) are within an acceptable value of
those at the center frequency.
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3.Input Impedance (Zin or ZA)

Figure 2.27 . Transmitting antenna and its equivalent circuits 11


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𝑣𝑔
2 𝐼𝑔 =
𝑅𝑔 + (𝑅𝐿 +𝑅𝑟 )
𝑣𝑔
𝐼𝑔 =
(𝑅𝐿 +𝑅𝑟 )+(𝑅𝐿 +𝑅𝑟 )
𝑣𝑔
𝐼𝑔 =
2(𝑅𝐿 +𝑅𝑟 )

14
Following a procedure similar to that for the antenna in the transmitting mode, it can be shown using
Figure 2.28 that in the receiving mode under conjugate matching (Rr + RL = RT and XA = −XT ) the
powers delivered to RT , Rr, an d RL are given, respectively, by

Figure 2.28 Antenna and its equivalent circuits in the receiving mode 15

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