Name of School : DAPA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Address : DAPA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE
Teacher : KHEZA D. DAÑAS
Subject : MATHEMATICS 9
Grade Level : Grade 9
Section : HAWKING
Date & time : JANUARY 10, 2023 – 7:35-8:25 AM
Time Frame : 50 mins
Learning Competency: Transforms the quadratic function defined by y = ax 2 + bx + c into the form
y = a (x – h)2 + k.
I – OBJECTIVES a. Identifies quadratic functions in general form and in standard form.
b. Rewrites quadratic functions y = ax2 + bx + c in the form
y = a(x – h)2 + k by completing the square.
c. Appreciates the lesson on quadratic functions in solving real-life
problems.
II – SUBJECT MATTER Topic: Introduction to Quadratic Functions
Sub-topic: Transforming General Form of the Quadratic Function to its
standard form and vice-versa.
Materials: PowerPoint Presentation, activity sheet
References: Grade 9 Teacher’s Guide pp. 14-17
Grade 9 Learner’s Materials pp. 11-15
III – PROCEDUR
A. Learning Activity REVIEW:The teacher reviews the concept of quadratic equation through
oral recitation.
DIRECTION: Identify if the following expressions are quadratic equations
or not:
Expected Answer:
1) x2 – 2x = 0 Q
2)3x + 15 = 0 NQ
3)5 - 6x + x2 = 0 Q
4)27 – 4x3 = 0 NQ
5)2x2 + 8x + 5 = 0 Q
6)(3x + 2)(x - 5)2 = 0 NQ
7)3x2 -4x + 1 = 0 Q
x
8) √ x −2x +3 =0 NQ
9) x(x2 + 7x - 1) = 0 NQ
10) 5x + 2 = 0 NQ
B. Lesson Proper The teacher discusses how general form of the quadratic functions y = ax2 +
bx + c can be transformed into vertex or standard form y = a(x – h)2 + k by
completing the square:
In the previous lesson, you learned that f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c is the
standard form of a quadratic function. This function can be written in an
equivalent form using the process of completing the square. Study the steps
as shown below.
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c General form of a quadratic
function
f(x) = (ax2 + bx) + c Group together the terms
containing x.
( 2 b
f(x) =a x + x +c
a ) Factor out a.
( 2 b b2
f(x)= a x + x+ 2 +c −
a 4a
b2
4a ) Complete the expression in the
parenthesis to make it a perfect
square trinomial by adding a
constant and subtracting the
same value from the constant
term.
( b
a
2 b2
f(x)= a x + x+ 2 +c −
4a
b2
4a ) Complete the expression in the
parenthesis to make it a perfect
square trinomial by adding a
constant ()b 2
2
and subtracting
the same value from the
constant term.
(
f(x)= a x+
2a)
b 2 4 ac−b2
+
4a
Simplify and express the
perfect square trinomial as the
square of binomial.
Hence, the vertex form is y= a x+ ( 2a)
b 2 4 ac−b2
+
4a
.
2
−b 4 ac−b
Thus, h= ∧k = .
2a 4a
Substituting this to the equation above will result to f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k.
Therefore , f(x) = ax2 + bx + c is equivalent to f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k.
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c General form of a quadratic function
f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k. Standard form of a quadratic function
Examples:
1. f(x) = x2 - 2x – 15
Solution:
y = (x2 - 2x) – 15 Group together the terms containing x.
y = (x2 - 2x) – 15 Factor out a. Hence a=1
y = (x2 - 2x + 1) - 15 – 1 Complete the expression in the
parenthesis to make it a perfect
square trinomial by adding a
−2 2
constant ( ) = 1 and
2
subtracting the same value
from the constant term.
f(x) = (x - 1)2 – 16 Simplify and express the
perfect square trinomial as the
square of binomial.
2. f(x) = x2 - 4x – 10
3. f(x) = 3x2 - 4x+1
Solution:
Note to the teacher: Guide the students as they try to transform the
quadratic equations from standard to general form.
Transform the following quadratic equation from standard to general form.
2
1. y=3 ( x−2 ) +4
Solution:
2
y=3 ( x−2 ) + 4 Expand ( x−2 )2 .
y = 3(x2 - 4x + 4) +4 Multiply the perfect square trinomial by 3.
y=3 x 2−12 x+ 12+ 4 Simplify and add 4.
y=3 x 2−12 x+ 16
2
2. y=−2 ( 3 x−1 ) + 5 x
Solution:
y=−2 ( 3 x−1 )2 +5 x
y = -2(9x2 - 6x + 1) +5 x
y = -18x2 - 12x -2 +5 x
y = -18x2 - 17x -2
C . Activity GROUP ACTIVITY:
Match the given quadratic function
y = ax2 + bx + c to it equivalent standard form y = a(x – h)2 + k; verify by
completing the square
COLUMN A COLUMN B
13 a. y = (x – 2)2 – 3
1) y = x2 – x +
4
b. y = 2(x – 1)2 + 2
1
2) y = x2 – 3x + 3 c. y = -2(x - 3)2 + 1
2
3) y = -2x2 + 12x – 17 d. y = (x -1/2)2 + 3
4) y = x2 – 4x + 1 1 3
e. y = (x – 3)2 -
2 2
5) y = 2x2 – 4x + 4
Expected Answers:
1. d 4. a
2. e 5.b
3.c
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
DIRECTION: Rewrite the following quadratic functions to f(x) = a(x – h) 2
+k by completing the square
Expected Answers:
1.
f(x) = 2x2 - 12x + 33 f(x)=2(x-3)2+15
2.
f(x) = x2 + 8x f(x)=(x+4)2-16
3.
f(x) = 5x – 6
2
f(x)=5(x-0)2-6
4.
f(x) = 12 – x2 f(x)=-(x-0)2+12
3 2 3
x 15
f(x) = 2 f(x)= 2 (x-0)2+15
D. Analysis Guide Question:
How are quadratic functions used in real-life situations? (Answers may
vary)
Can you give examples of situations involving the use of quadratic
functions?
(Answers may vary)
“How do we transform general to standard form of quadratic function?”
Expected Answer:
To rewrite a quadratic function from the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c to the form
f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k we can use completing the square.
E. Abstraction/Generalization
a. Group together the terms containing x.
b. Factor out a.
c. Complete the expression in the parenthesis to make it
a perfect square trinomial by adding a constant (b/2)2
and subtracting the same value from the constant
term.
d. Simplify and express the perfect square trinomial as
the square of binomial.
F. Application DIRECTION: Rewrite the following quadratic function from general to
standard form by completing the square:
Expected Answers:
1. y = x2-8x+15 y = (x-4)2-1
2. y = x2-4x y = (x-2)2-4
3. y = x2+8x+18 y = (x+4)2+2
IV - AGREEMENT DIRECTION: Rewrite the following into standard form by completing the
square:
Expected Answers
1. y = x2+4x+3 y = (x+2)2-1
2. y = x2-2x+5 y = (x-1)2+4
Prepared by:
KHEZA D. DAÑAS
Teacher I
Checked and Reviewed by:
JANETH C. DELA COSTA
MT-I/ Mathematics Coordinator
Noted by:
JOVY C. LIZA, Ph. D
School Principal IV
DISCUSSIONS:
Examples:
1. f(x) = x2 - 2x – 15
f(x) = (x2 - 2x) – 15 Group together the terms containing x.
f(x) = (x2 - 2x) – 15 Factor out a. Hence a=1
f(x) = (x2 - 2x + 1) - 15 – 1 Complete the expression in the parenthesis to make it a
perfect square trinomial by adding a constant (
−2 2
) = 1 and subtracting the same value from the
2
constant term.
f(x) = (x - 1)2 – 16 Simplify and express the perfect square trinomial
as the square of binomial.
DISCUSSIONS:
Examples:
4. y = 4x2 + 5x
(
2 5
y=4 x + x
4 ) Factor out 4 in the x terms
[ ( )] ( )
2
2 5 5 5 2
y = 4 x + x+ −4 Complete the square by adding and
4 8 8
()
2
5
subtracting 4
8
[2 5
y = 4 x + x+
4
25
64
−4
25
64 ] ( ) Square the added number
( )
2
5 25
y = 4 x+ − Factor the trinomial inside the
8 16
parenthesis and reduce the fraction to
Quadratic equations are actually used in everyday life, as when calculating areas, determining a product's profit or
formulating the speed of an object.
Calculating Room Areas. People frequently need to calculate the area of rooms, boxes or plots of land.
Figuring a Profit.
Quadratics in Athletics.
Finding a Speed.
Quadratic functions are used in many types of real world situations. They are useful in describing the trajectory
of a ball, determining the height of a thrown object and in optimizing profit for businesses.
SUPPLEMENTARY ACTIVITIES
Note: The activities included here will be used only when needed.
DIRECTION: Convert the following quadratic functions from general to standard form.
Expected Answers:
1. f(x) = x2 - 2x – 15 f(x)=(x-1)2-16
2. f(x) = 2x2 – 7 f(x)=2(x-0)2-7
1 19
3. y = 4 + x – 3x2 f(x)=-3(x+ )2+
2 4
5 2 25
4. y = 4x2 + 5x f(x)=4(x+ ) -
8 64
DIRECTION: Convert the following quadratic functions from general to standard form.
Expected Answers:
1. f(x) = 2x2 - 12x + 33 f(x)=2(x-3)2+15
2. f(x) = x2 + 8x f(x)=(x+4)2-16
3. f(x) = x2 – 6 f(x)=(x-0)2-6
4. f(x) = 3x2+ 24x + 43 f(x)=3(x+4)2-5
