Syllabus:

1. Brief History of Computer and Latest Development of the

Computer.
2. Acclimatization with Computer Components & Peripherals.
3. The Best use of Computers in Scout/Guide activities.
4. The Knowledge of Commonly used Packages.
5. Perform the following:
a) Use Floppy and Hard Disc in the computer.
b) Booting and Shutdown of the Computer.

1. Brief History of Computer and Latest Development of the

Computer:
The history of computers began with primitive designs in the early 19th
century and went on to change the world during the 20th century. The
earliest and most well-known device was an Abacus. The history of
computers goes back over 200 years. During the 19th century mechanical
calculating machines were designed and built to solve the increasingly
complex number-crunching challenges. The advancement of technology
enabled ever more-complex computers by the early 20th century, and
computers became larger and more powerful.

1801: Joseph Marie Jacquard, a French merchant invented a loom that

automatically weave fabric designs.
 1821: English mathematician Charles Babbage conceived of a steam-
driven calculating machine that computed tables of numbers. Funded by the
British government, the project, called the "Difference Engine".

1848: Ada Lovelace, an English mathematician and the daughter of

poet Lord Byron, writes the world's first computer program.

1853: Swedish inventor Per Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard
designed the world's first printing calculator. The machine is significant for
being the first to "compute tabular differences and print the results.

1890: Herman Hollerith designed a punch-card system to help calculate

the 1890 U.S. Census. The machine, saved the government several years
of calculations.

1931: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), was invented The

Differential Analyzer, the first large-scale automatic general-purpose
mechanical analog computer.

1937: John Vincent Atanasoff, a professor of physics

and mathematics built the first electric-only computer, without using gears,
cams, belts or shafts.

1941: German inventor and engineer Konrad Zuse completed his Z3

machine, the world's earliest digital computer. The machine was destroyed
during a bombing raid on Berlin during World War II.

1945: Two professors at the University of Pennsylvania, John Mauchly

and J. Presper Eckert, designed and built the Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Calculator (ENIAC).

1946: Mauchly and Presper built the UNIVAC, the first commercial
computer for business and government applications.
 1949: A team at the University of Cambridge developed the Electronic
Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC), "the first practical stored-
program computer. "EDSAC ran its first program in May 1949 when it
calculated a table of squares and a list of prime numbers,

1953: Grace Hopper develops the first computer language, which

eventually becomes known as COBOL, which stands for COmmon,
Business-Oriented Language.

1954: John Backus and his team of programmers at IBM created

FORTRAN programming language, an acronym for FORmula TRANslation.

1958: Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce unveil the integrated circuit, known
as the computer chip. Kilby is later awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for
his work.

1969: Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie developed UNIX, an operating

system and C programming at Bell Labs.

1971: A team of IBM engineers led by Alan Shugart invented the

"Floppy Disk".

1981: IBM's first personal computer, was released onto the market at a
price point of $1,565.

1993: The Pentium microprocessor advances the use of graphics and

music on PCs.

1999: Wi-Fi, the abbreviated term for "wireless fidelity" is developed,

initially covering a distance of up to 300 feet (91 meters)

2004: The Mozilla Corporation launches Mozilla Firefox 1.0.

2009: Microsoft launches Windows 7 on July 22.

2010: The iPad, Apple's flagship handheld tablet, is unveiled.

 2011: Google releases the Chromebook, which runs on Google
Chrome OS.

2015: Apple releases the Apple Watch. Microsoft releases Windows 10.

2017: The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is

developing a new "Molecular Informatics" program that uses molecules as
computers.

Latest Development:
Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
Like AI and Machine Learning, Robotic Process Automation, or RPA,
is another technology that is automating jobs. RPA is the use of software to
automate business processes such as interpreting applications, processing
transactions, dealing with data, and even replying to emails.

2. Acclimatization with Computer Components & Peripherals:

The term computer technically refers to just the core computing unit
consisting of the motherboard, power supply, and CPU. But in common
language, the term computer can also mean the core computing unit along
with all the peripherals. Peripherals are detachable and can be replaced.

The three categories of Peripherals are the following:

 Input devices – Keyboard, Mouse – Typing, Pointing.

 Output devices – Speaker, Printer – Hearing, Prints the files
 Input/output & storage devices – Hard Disk, Pen drive, CD, Floppy Disk.

The following is a list of computer peripherals.

 Mouse
 Keyboard
 Monitor
 RAM
 DVD-ROM
 Microphone
 Webcam & Printer
3) The Best use of Computers in Scout/Guide activities:
1. Everyone should watch the video, which introduces the activity and
the Digital Maker Staged Activity Badge.
2. Everyone should discuss what they think computers are. Is a tablet a
computer? Is a cash machine (ATM)? They both have computers in
them to make them work.
3. Everyone should work together to come up with a list of features that
objects with computers in them have in common. This list of features
could include:

o are electronic
o have buttons, a touchscreen or can be voice controlled
o have a display, lights, speakers or make things move
o Can carry out instructions or tasks.

4. Everyone should discuss what the world would be like without

computers and technology. Would it be the same or different? Would
some things be easier or more difficult?

Get out into the world

1. Everyone will be using their handouts to hunt for computers in the

real world. Tick off each computer that you find and make a note of
others that you see.
2. Everyone should be aware of the route they need to follow or the
boundaries of the area they can explore.
3. Once everyone has had enough time to find the computers on the
scavenger hunt, they can create their own using the notes they wrote
about the other computers they spotted.

4) The Knowledge of Commonly used Packages:

"Software package" is a commonly used term; however, its general,

widespread usage has resulted in different meanings. The origins of
software packages can be traced to the 1960s. The Program Application
Library on the IBM 1400 series computer, the MARK IV package by
Informatics, and the Auto flow package by Applied Data Research were
some of the first software packages developed.

Name of Commonly Used Computer Packages and its usage:

1. Microsoft Word - Typing 9. Xampp - Program Executer
2. Microsoft Excel - Calculation 10. Cam Scanner- Scanning
3. Microsoft Power Point - Presentation 11. Corel draw - Image Editor
4. Microsoft Outlook - Mailing
12. Google Chrome - Search Engine
5. Photoshop - Image Editor
6. Winzip - Extracting files 13. Code blocks - Scripting
7. Visual Studio Packages – Programming 14. VLC Player - Playing Videos
8. Adobe PDF – Converter 15. Tally ERP9 - Business purpose

5) Perform the following:

a) Use of Floppy Disk: Floppy disks were widely used to distribute

software, transfer files, and create back-up copies of data.

a) Use of Hard Disk: The hard drive is where all your permanent
computer data is stored. Whenever you save a file, photo, or software to
your computer, it's stored in your hard drive.

b) Booting of Computer: In computing, booting is the process of

starting a computer as initiated via hardware such as a button or by a
software command. After it is switched on, a computer's central processing
unit (CPU) has no software in its main memory, so some process must load
software into memory before it can be executed.

b) Shut Down of Computer: Switch off the Computer. To shut

down, select Start and then select Power  Shut down.

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