Isabela Marie S.

Mendez
TM204 Examination 2

TM 204 Second Examination

A STRIDE implementer, RTI International, developed a model of the innovation

ecosystem that RTI/STRIDE is using in its work assisting governments,
businesses, and universities harness innovation for economic growth around the
world. The knowledge economy must collaborate with the commercial economy
to move innovation from academe to the business aspect. The knowledge
economy and commercial economy should be interdependent with each other.
There are two conditions for the innovation ecosystem to thrive and be
self-sustaining. First, a large portion of the profits of the commercial sector is
required to be directed toward investments in the field of fundamental research,
either directly or indirectly expenditures or taxation who deliver government
services funds to this study. Second, these investments must eventually result in
innovation. Innovation is a virtuous cycle in which the profits are reinvested in
research for the economy to flourish.

The innovation model indicates five dynamic processes and one contextual
factor, which are (1) education and human capital development, (2) research and
knowledge creation, (3) direct collaboration between universities and industry,
particularly but not exclusively through industrial extension and direct service
provision; (4) intellectual property: protection, licensing, and commercialization of
technology; (5) startup and spinoff companies based on technology and
innovation. These processes occur in the context of (6) the environment for
collaboration, including information sharing, trust, and social capital, which is
represented by the outer circle.

The process of education and human capital development, specifically in the

disciplines of S&T, engineering, agriculture, and mathematics, is at the heart of
the model. Research and knowledge creation are built on the foundation of
education, such as basic, applied, and translational research. From research to
commercialization, it can progress to knowledge transfer between universities
and industry, and monetization of research through intellectual property licensing.

The ff. assessments shows short assessment per area:

1. Education and Human Capital Development - The Philippines is still
lagging behind other Asian countries in terms of educational progress and
R&D with our economic development being risked as well. This is due to
bad governance, corruption, political instability and poor infrastructure.
Our country does not prospect graduates from S & T to stay in our country
and develop their skills and knowledge for the benefit of our society.
Instead, they migrate to other countries and enrich their skills and
accomplishments. In crucial innovation-driven industries like high-demand
 IT, there appears to be a skills mismatch between local technological
capabilities of qualified scientists and engineers. In addition, we need to
massively invest in MS programs to speedily produce MS graduates to
address the human capital needs in the various economic sectors, esp. for
R&D in technology-based manufacturing industries.
2. Research and Knowledge Creation - There are a lot of young
researchers in our country who are interested in relevant innovations.
Unfortunately, the universities lack incentivized research as a career thus,
not enabling the field of research to unleash its full potential.
3. Knowledge and Know-How Transfer between Universities and
Industries - This is commonly accomplished through direct service
agreements, in which universities give specific scientific or technical
knowledge to businesses. These activities are frequently carried out under
the guise of "industrial extension," and are very practical but generally
unglamorous from the university's standpoint, owing to the fact that they
rarely provide new publications-worthy discoveries or patented intellectual
property.
4. Intellectual Property: Protection, Licensing, and Commercialization -
IPOPHL catalyzed intellectual property by dramatically expanding
patenting efforts and raising awareness of the potential value of properly
protected scientific breakthroughs. However, most institutions lack the
specific knowledge needed to effectively commercialize their patent
portfolios for commercial usage. Intellectual property is also used as an
element of business strategy and lack of knowledge in licensing leading to
few demands from local companies.
5. Startup and Spin Off Companies - The current supply of profitable
technology startups and spinoff firms, which is concentrated in small but
cohesive ecosystems mostly in Metro Manila and Cebu, is rapidly
outstripping the rapidly expanding demand from venture investors and
Philippine corporations. Owing to the improvement of finance, mentoring,
matchmaking, and incubation conditions by domestic and international
stakeholders. Even so, struggles in basic business regulation continue to
hinder growth of enterprises, and many entrepreneurs are lacking the
knowledge required to create the startup ecosystem.
6. Collaboration: Knowledge Sharing, Trust, and Social Capital -
Several interviewees pointed to the government as being particularly
opposed to collaboration and sharing of information and resources. These
constraints provide enormous friction in the innovation ecosystem,
inhibiting the expansion of creative research and firms. The goal is to raise
the investment budget for S&T, closely work with public-private
partnerships along with universities. Those stakeholders that are lacking
resources outside of Metro Manila are commonly important in
collaborations.
Scientific understanding, technological advancements, infrastructure and
productive capabilities, educated and talented human resources, entrepreneurial
talents, commercial organization, and a fast increasing worldwide social network
all provide unparalleled prospects for rapid social growth. S&T impacts socio
economics such as social science is disconnected from reality. Problems like this
stems from misalignment of resources and opportunities which leads to
unemployment, buyer power, and educational systems fail.

As shown in the table below, the 2014 innovation ecosystem scorecard's overall
results reveal positive momentum in numerous directions and a few evident
strengths on which to expand, but also point to a number of difficulties that must
be addressed in order for the Philippines to develop a more smoothly operating
innovation ecosystem.

Table 1. Philippines Innovation Ecosystem Scorecard Results, 2014

The degree of certainty is based on stakeholders’ engagement and opinions.

Its purpose is to elicit conversation among interested parties and to create a
forum for open dialogue. In future editions of this scorecard, momentum and/or
direction indicators may be added to guarantee that progress toward a
healthier ecosystem is properly acknowledged and appreciated.

Based on the key findings, there are specific problems that affect different areas
of the innovation ecosystem that need to be addressed to improve the
performance of innovation. These are the identified strategies:
 1. Improvement of research processes to expedite innovations that can
reach the market. There is a regulated RA on the regulation of the
procurement activities that slows down the progress of research for
companies and industries. The research collaborations fail in a timely
manner due to requirements despite the collaboration and funding of the
government. This affects the regulations on procurement.
2. Align university-researcher incentives to be able to boost R&D
Activities. Faculty of universities are not well-compensated by the
government research grants. There are factors which are overstepped
between the research and teaching responsibilities that obligate them to
require faculty to do their research on top of their teaching load, leading to
poor quality of work or lessen load for faculty to provide quality research.
This is related to funding issues, suggesting that they should establish a
funding model for a more aligned research mission with the university.
3. Intensify collaboration with university-industry relationships with a
shared goal. UP is projected to take the lead in higher education, science
and technology, and research and development. Enhance the university's
regional and global prominence by incentivizing and scaling up the UP
budget for academic and staff salaries, as well as investing in physical
buildings and equipment. The rate of industrialization and economic
growth, as well as the level of productivity and competitiveness of our
country, are all influenced by our economy's ability to manage technology.
Its ability to develop or acquire technology, adapt, assimilate, replicate,
refine, and master it, as well as foresee, plan, and evaluate technical
breakthroughs.
4. Strengthen partnerships with start-ups to drive innovation. Partnering
and co-developing with startup companies to deliver new inventive
solutions for your organization or enter a new industry is a more strategic
method to driving growth and market disruption. There are numerous
approaches to this, ranging from distributing the startup's product or
service through enterprise channels to forming a joint venture to develop
and launch a new product. The most difficult aspect of this method is
figuring out how to structure such a collaboration. Success would
capitalize on, rather than suffocate, the startup's innovative thinking while
harnessing your company's scale and resources.

The readings have properly addressed the assessment and results of the
scorecard of the innovation model and identified the strengths and weaknesses
of the ecosystem. This also reflects the challenges and issues of Science,
Technology, and R&D in the Philippines and intended to hope that something will
come better from this. The assessments also came from lots of opinions from
different stakeholders that came from educational institutions and private firms.

STRIDE intends to increase the number of BS, MS, and PhDs to increase public
and commercial research financing, and improve the costing of research
overheads, among other things. Each of these is an essential component of the
Philippines' recipe for a more robust and innovative university-based research
system. These initiatives, however, must be part of a broader, stakeholder-led
effort to foster connections, mutual understanding, and feedback loops that will
allow the system to be self-sustaining.

There are adequate agencies of government in the Philippines to promote and

develop S&T policies. The National Scientific and Development Board was
established by the government in 1958 to define and implement science and
technology policies, as well as to coordinate S&T agencies. It restructured, then
became the current DOST that we know of. In the Philippines, The Department of
Science and Technology (DOST) is the principal science and technology body,
with the dual mandate of providing central direction, leadership, and coordination
of all scientific and technological activities, as well as formulating policies,
programs, and projects to help the country develop.There were several agencies
that have been created under the DOST umbrella:
- Technology Application and Promotion Institute (TAPI) – to promote the
commercialization of technologies.
- Science Education Institute (SEI) – to formulate plans for the development
of S & T education and training.
- Science and Technology Information Institute (STII) – to maintain the S&T
data system.
- Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI) – to undertake applied
R & D in industrial manufacturing, mineral processing and energy.
- Advanced Science and Technology Institute (ASTI) - to undertake R & D in
high-technology areas.
- Presidential Task Force on Science and Technology (PTFST) - to
formulate the S&T Development Plans. Then afterwards, Science and
Technology Coordinate Council (STCC) was established for the
implementation of recommendations of the PTFST.

The structure of DOST is actually comprehensive but an essential part is played

by the NAST, National Academy of Science and technology to formulate policies
in Science & Technology. It provides policy advice to the entire policy landscape,
not just DOST. NAST is made up of scientists who release STI policy statements
and hold round table conversations with the commercial sector to better
incorporate industrial perspectives in pushing programs and projects.

The Department of Trade and Industry have their own research budgets as well
which is responsible for the rise of our industry. The National Economic and
Development Authority (NEDA) was established to balance this system of
extensive responsibility. The President leads NEDA, which is the coordinating
agency and national planning organization. NEDA strives to promote rapid and
industrial expansion by coordinating S&T spending to achieve this goal. For
example, NEDA aims to find initiatives that execute Filipinnovation's objectives,
and line ministries, such as DOST in the case of S&T programs, are then
mandated to implement these projects or programs. CHED is also involved in
promulgating the policies, plans, and programmes for the growth of HEIs in the
Philippines. In tech voc institutions, we know that the Technical Education and
Skills Development Authority (TESDA) is the main contributor of skilled
manpower to maximize the contribution of our country’s development of human
resources.

The evaluations from the readings are very thorough and the suggestions/topics
can address the challenges of different areas of the innovation ecosystem that
can be responded to with appropriate solutions by our government.
Unfortunately, one of the most important strategic challenges confronting the
Philippines has yet to be addressed: the critical role of science and technology in
the Philippine development strategy.

Science, technology, and innovation (STI) are now widely acknowledged as

critical components in a country's progress. In fact, no country has succeeded
without having STI as a key component of their development strategy. All of the
world's advanced countries have made STI a priority in their development plans.
This is something that the Philippines has failed to do. This is a subject that must
be addressed in the upcoming national election, and the new administration must
fix this shortcoming.

Whether the Philippines experiences rapid growth and development or reverts to

the status of an economic laggard in a region that includes high-performing
countries like Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and China will
depend on how it responds to these challenges. China’s new innovation
advantage is they invested more in research and technology that demonstrates
their powerful edge over other countries. The Philippines should also avoid
redtapes in our government to prevent delays in our technology and innovation
like in the Telco Industry.

We also do not devote enough resources to human resource development,

research and development (R&D), and physical infrastructure in science and
technology (S&T). Even the bare minimum of scientists and technicians is
currently lacking for innovation-driven development. As a result, we have low
industrial and agricultural productivity, as well as overall inefficiency and a low
output of knowledge products like scientific papers, patents, and discoveries.

We should focus on the specific industries’ development, restructuring, and

investment to stablish advanced technologies and produce high-value products
in the Philippines such as Agriculture, Manufacturing, Health Care System,
Environmental Concerns, and of course Education in Science and Technology.
References

Psilos, P. (2015, January 29). Philippines Innovation Ecosystem Assessment.

Academia.edu. Retrieved December 13, 2021, from
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ment.

WHITE PAPER. (2015). Philippines Innovation Ecosystem Assessment:

Executive Summary Science, Technology, Research and Innovation for
Development (STRIDE). https://www.philsciletters.net/downloads/002.pdf

Department of Science and Technology. (2014, April 26). THE DOST IN BRIEF.
https://www.dost.gov.ph/transparency/10-transparency/about-dost/9-the-dost-in-b
rief.html

Sea-Eu-Net Partners In Science. (2016). Facts on Science, Technology and

Innovation Southeast Asia and European Union.
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World Academy of Art and Science. (2022, September 20.) Impact of science &
technology on Society & Economy. Retrieved December 13, 2021, from
https://www.worldacademy.org/trieste-forum/march-2013.

Harvard University. Knowledge, technology and complexity in economic growth.

Retrieved December 13, 2021, from
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Rodil, N. M. (n.d.). Harnessing Science and Technology for Poverty Reduction

and Sustainable Development. Retrieved December 13, 2021, from
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