11/12

TVL-IA-SMAW
Quarter 2 – Module 1
ESSENTIALS OF WELDING ACCORDING WITH
THE WELDING STANDARDS AND WELDING
PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS
TVL-IA-SMAW-Grades 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: ESSENTIALS OF WELDING ACCORDING WITH THE
WELDING STANDARDS AND WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Dexter N. Angay
Editor: Dennis S. Calinao
Reviewers: Dennis S. Calinao, Gemuel C. Ibero, Howel Jay M. Caluyo, Alden B. Deguit,
Mark Dave M. Vendiola
Typesetter: Enrey P. Alam-alam
Layout Artist: Enrey P. Alam-alam
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Adolf P. Aguilar, Ed.D., TM Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita R. Ragay, Ed.D.
Antonio B. Baguio Jr., Ed.D.

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 11/12

TVL-IA-SMAW
Quarter 2 – Module 5
ESSENTIALS OF WELDING ACCORDING
WITH THE WELDING STANDARDS AND
WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS
 What I Need to Know

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Essentials of welding

• Lesson 2 – International Welding Codes and Standards
• Lesson 3 – Welding Procedures Specifications

The module covers the Introduction/Learning Objectives, Pre-assessment,

Lesson Proper, Generalization, Application, Post Assessment, Additional Activity
(optional).
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Identify the five essentials of welding

2. Perform the five essentials of welding
3. Practice the importance of Welding Procedure Specifications with safety
practice

What I Know

Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.
Let us determine how much you already know about essentials of welding. Take
this test.

I. Multiple choices: Select the best answer and write the letter of your choice in
your notebook.

A. High current B. Low current

C. Change the machine D. Correct current setting
2. How many degrees would you tilt the electrode towards the direction of the weld?
A. 10 B. 15
C. 20 D. 25

1
3. What is the possible cause of a ropey or convex weld?
A. Travel speed is too fast B. Travel speed is too slow
C. Constant travel speed D. Irregular travel speed
4. A wide weld with an excessive metal deposit is the result of
A. Travel speed is too fast B. Travel speed is too slow
C. Constant travel speed D. Irregular travel speed
5. What is the reason why the electrode dis-color, crack, low red, or burn?
A. Low amperage B. High amperage
C. Balance amperage D. None of the above

Lesson
WELDING PROCEDURES
3 SPECIFICATIONS
According to the American Welding Society (AWS), a WPS provides in detail
the required welding variables for specific application to assure repeatability by
properly trained welders. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
similarly defines a WPS as a written document that provides direction to the welder
or welding operator for making production welds in accordance with Code
requirements.

What’s In

In previous discussion, we tackle about what is SMAW? Can you site some
importance of SMAW?

What’s New

Today, it is a healthy competition to everyone with respects to their skills. One of the
secrets to earn skills is constant correct practice and attitude towards work plus the
tools and equipment used in a task or job. We also consider the essentials in welding
is one of the keys for success in the field of welding.

2
 What Is It

Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)

A Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) is the formal written document
describing welding procedures, which provides direction to the welder or welding
operators for making sound and quality production welds as per the code
requirements. The purpose of the document is to guide welders to the accepted
procedures so that repeatable and trusted welding techniques are used. A WPS is
developed for each material metal and for each welding type used. Specific codes
and/or engineering societies are often the driving force behind the development of a
company's WPS. A WPS is supported by a Procedure Qualification Record (PQR or
WPQR). WPS is a document that describes how welding is to be carried out in
production and were designed to provide welders with a clear understanding of the
procedures to be followed and proof that the technique will work adequately.
If you are in the Welding business you clearly know that a Welding Procedure
Specification (WPS) is a document to guide the effective creation of a weld that meets
all applicable code requirements and production standards. The WPS contains
details that are necessary to create the desired weld. This includes information such
as base metal grade, filler metal classification, amperage range, shielding gas
composition, and pre-heat and inter-pass temperatures.

Components of a Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

A Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) is a welding procedure
that must meet the rules for qualification of AWS B2.1 – Specification for Welding
Procedure and Performance Qualification and be approved by the AWS B2 Committee
on Procedure and Performance Qualification. All SWPSs have supporting Procedure
Qualification Records (PQRs) which comply with the rules set forth by AWS B2.1 and
which also aim at complying with all of the major codes such D1.1, D1.2, D1.3, D1.6
Structural Welding Codes and ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
SWPSs should not be confused with prequalified welding procedures as we
explain on our previous post on How to Develop Welding Procedure Specifications.
Prequalified welding procedures are exempt from testing and thus do not have
supporting PQRs.

3
 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

LIMITATIONS
List relevant information such as a procedure not being qualified for notch
toughness applications.

WELDING PROCESSES

Welding Process: List the welding process used

Method of Application: This will be either Manual, Semi-automatic or Automatic
usually

BASE METALS

Base Metal: Identifies the base material group number and any other
designations such as M or P numbers.
Thickness Range: Provides the range of thickness qualified
Pipe Diameter: If the procedure is for or applies to pipe it will provide the ranges of
diameter qualified
FILLER METALS

Filler Metal Specification: AWS Specification such as A5.28 or ASME specification

Classification: AWS or other governing body classification such as ER70S-6 or
E7018
Deposit Thickness Range: Details the range of thicknesses for weld deposit (for all
passes) or range of fillet weld sizes.
Consumable Insert: Whether permitted or not and type of insert is used.

JOINT DESIGNS

Joint Designs: A list of allowable joints are provided with graphical representations
Backing: Whether permitted or not
Backing Material: Type and group of material

POSITIONS

Permitted Positions: Positions for which this SWPS is for

Vertical Progression: Uphill or downhill if vertical positions are permitted

PREHEAT AND INTERPASS TEMPERATURES

Preheat Temperature: Minimum and maximum temperature to which the part

must be heated prior to welding.
Inter-pass Temperature: Minimum and maximum temperature at which the part
must between welding passes.
Preheat Maintenance: Instructions pertaining to maintaining the inter-pass
temperature

4
 GAS

Shielding Gas: Shielding gas or mix of shielding gas to be used

Flow Rate: Flow rate range

POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT

Post-weld Heat Treatment: Temperature of PWHT

Exemption from PWHT: When PWHT is not mandatory

TECHNIQUE

Weave or Stringer Bead: Weave or stringer

Peening: Whether permitted or not
Initial Cleaning: What cleaning method or methods are allowed
Inter-pass Cleaning: Method of inter-pass cleaning
Back Gouging: Whether necessary or not
Single or Multi-pass: Whether the weld is single pass or multiple passes
Bead Thickness: Maximum thickness of a single weld bead
Repair: Instructions on how to carry out repairs
Pulsing Current: Parameters for pulsing current or whether it is not permitted

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Here is where the SWPS will provide the amperage and voltage for your procedures. It
provides ranges for different diameter wires, for root and fill passes and for different
positions. It will also distinguish between groove and fillet weld procedures.

SIGNATURES AND APPROVALS

Although the SWPS are managed by AWS and supported by PQR the person or
company using the SWPS takes full responsibility for the application of the SWPS.

What’s More

Direction: Write the answer in your notebook.

What are the five essentials of welding? Discuss each, and its importance in
performing welding job.

5
 What I Have Learned

Direction: Write your answer in your notebook

1. What is WPS?
2. What is the importance of WPS for the welders?

What I Can Do

Matching Type. Match column A to column B.

A B

1. Current Setting a. It is the speed at which the electrode moves

along the base metal while welding

2. Length of arc b. The electrode angle is of particular importance

in fillet welding and deep groove welding.

3. Angle of electrode c. If the arc is too long or voltage too high the
metal melts off the electrode

4. Speed of travel d. The correct choice of electrode size involves

consideration of a variety of factors

5. Selection of electrode e. If current on equipment is too high or too low,

you are certain to be disappointed in your well

6
 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Select the best answer and write the letter of your choice in your
notebook.

1. This is the best corrective action to prevent distortion.

A. High current B. Low current
C. Change the machine D. Correct current setting

2. How many degrees would you tilt the electrode towards the direction of the weld?
A. 10 B. 15
C. 20 D. 25

3. What is the possible cause of a ropey or convex weld?

A. Travel speed is too fast B. Travel speed is too slow
C. Constant travel speed D. Irregular travel speed

4. A wide weld with an excessive metal deposit is the result of

A. Travel speed is too fast B. Travel speed is too slow
C. Constant travel speed D. Irregular travel speed

5. What is the reason why the electrode dis color, crack, low red, or burn?
A. Low amperage B. High amperage
C. Balance amperage D. None of the above

II. Enumeration.
1. What are the 5 essentials of welding?
2. What are the effects of too high or too low current setting?

7
 8
What I Have Learned
Answer may vary
Assessment
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. B
II.
1. a. Correct electrode size
b. Correct current
c. Correct arc length
d. Correct travel speed
e. Correct electrode angle
2. If the current set too low results
in poor fusion and poor arc stability
- Arc length is very short and will
results in frequent shorting and
sticking of the electrode
- Weld bead of high amperage is
wide and flat with deep penetration
- Spatter is excessive
This will cause electrode to discolor,
crack, low red, or burn
This will cause electrode to discolor, crack,
low red, or burn.
Answer Key
References
Book Reference:
• SMAW NC-II CBLM, PORTFOLIO K to 12 SMAW Learning Module SMAW Training
Regulations by TESDA CBC Shielded Metal Arc Welding NC II CBLM on
SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING

Internet Reference:
• https://www.flight-mechanic.com/arc-welding-procedures-techniques-and-
welding-safety-equipment-part-one/
• https://info.thinkcei.com/think-tank/wps-importance
• https://weldinganswers.com/standard-welding-procedure-specification/

9
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: [email protected]
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

10