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Airport Planning and Layout

This document discusses the planning and design considerations for airports. It covers site selection factors like proximity to other airports, accessibility, topography, and future development needs. It also describes various airport components like runways, taxiways, aprons, terminals, hangars, and their design standards. Finally, it discusses airport marking, lighting, and drainage systems.

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tom stuart
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136 views35 pages

Airport Planning and Layout

This document discusses the planning and design considerations for airports. It covers site selection factors like proximity to other airports, accessibility, topography, and future development needs. It also describes various airport components like runways, taxiways, aprons, terminals, hangars, and their design standards. Finally, it discusses airport marking, lighting, and drainage systems.

Uploaded by

tom stuart
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Air port planning and design

Airport
• It is an area of land or water is to be regularly
used for land and take off of aircrafts. It is
provided with the facilities for shelter and
repair of aircraft.
Air port site selection
• Regional plan
• Air port use
• Proximity to other airports
• Ground accessibility
• Topography
• Obstructions
• Visibility
• Wind
• Noise nuisance
• Grading, drainage and soil characteristics
• Future development
• Availability of utilities from the town
• Economic considerations
• Regional plan: Forming it an integral part of
national network
• Air port use: use by civilian and military
operations
• Proximity to other airport:
 For airport serving small general aviation air craft
under VFR condition =3.2 km
 For airport serving bigger air craft ,say two piston
engine under VFR condition =6.4 km
 For aircraft operating piston engine aircrafts
under IFR condition=25.6km
 For aircrafts operating jet engine aircrafts under
IFR condition=160 km
• Ground accessibility:
it is readily accessible to the user
Time required for reach the airport 30 mints
• Topography
Less obstruction in approach zones and turning
zones
Natural drainage, low land may result in flooding
More uniform wind
Better visibility due to less fog
• Obstructions
For landing and take off the site should be clear
on either side of runway is known as approach
zones
• Visibility
Site should be free from fog, smoke
• Wind
Wind data, i.e direction and duration and
intensity of wind should be collected over a min
five years
• Noise nuisance
Depends on path of air craft, type of propulsion
and the gross weight of aircraft
• Grading, drainage, soil characteristics
It play important role in construction and
maintenance of airport
• Future development
Sufficient land area acquired initially for
passengers, baggage and cargo and shelter for
aircraft
• Availability of utilities from town
Provided with facilities like water supply,
sewer, telephone, electricity etc

• Economic considerations
Cost should be low
Apron

It is used to accommodate aircrafts for loading


and unloading of passengers and cargo,
parking, refueling etc

Usually paved and planned adjacent to


terminal building
Size of apron depend on

• Size of loading area required for each type of


aircraft. This is known as gate position

• Space allotted for to an aircraft parking at a


loading apron is called gate position

• Number of gate positions

• Air craft parking system


Terminal building

• It provides space for air line operations,


facilities for convenience of passenger, office
for air port management and other non
aeronautical function
Considerations decide the layout of
the taxiway
• Do not interfere with the aircraft taxiway for take
off
• At busy airport taxiway should be located at
various points along the runway
• Shortest practicable distances from the apron to
runway end
• Intersection of taxiway and runway should be
avoided
• Exit taxiway should be designed for high turn off
speeds
Hanger

• Large shed erected at the airport for the


purpose of servicing and repairing of aircrafts
taxiway

• The main function of taxiway is to provide


access to the aircrafts from the runways to
loading apron or service hanger and back
Airport Marking
• Runway marking
• Taxiway marking
• Runway and taxiway shoulder marking
• Apron marking
• Wind direction indicator
• Landing direction indicator
Runway marking
 The markings made on the runway are the following types
• Runway threshold marking
• Runway touch down zone or landing zone marking
• Runway edge strip marking
• Runway center line marking
• Runway number which indicates the magnetic azimuth of
runway measured clock wise from North direction
• There are more number of parallel runways
 Two parallel runways; L,R
 Three parallel runways; L,C,R
 Four parallel runways ;L, LC, RC, R
• Runway threshold is indicated by a series of
parallel lines starting from a distance of 6m
from runway end
• Runway touch down area indicated by series
of strips marked parallel to the center line of
the runway
• Runway edge strip required when the
pavement width more than 45m
Taxiway marking

• All these markings are in yellow colour

• Center line of taxiway is marked with a single


strip having 15cm it terminated at runway
edge
Runway and taxiway shoulder marking
• It is done with yellow paint

• Runway shoulders are marked with diagonal


lines having a width of 0.90 m

• Taxiway and holding apron shoulder are


marked with lines perpendicular to the
direction of travel of aircraft
Apron marking

• The marking is done with yellow paint

• The paint used is special type which is fuel resistant

• Guide lines painted to indicate the path of the nose


gear
Wind direction indicator
• Wind cone is the wind direction indicator

• As per ICAO segmented circle inside diameter of 30


m and panel width varying from 0.9 to 2.4 m, these
length should not less than 3.6 m

• It will be painted with two different colours i.e red


and white, orange and white, black and white
Landing direction indicator

• This is in the form of a Tee at the center of


segmented circle

• Indicate to the pilot the direction of active


runway airport
Airport lighting
• During landing the pilot should have the
following guidance
• Alignment guidance

• Height information

• Distance information

• Roll guidance
Airport lighting divided into following
elements
• Rotating beacon
• Code beacon
• Boundary lighting
• Approach lighting
• Threshold lighting
• Runway lighting
• Taxiway lighting
• Apron and hanger lighting
• Lighting of wind direction indicator
• Lighting of landing direction indicator
Rotating beacon

• Indicate the approximate location of airfield

• It is mounted higher than surrounding obstructions

• Usually mounted on top of hanger or terminal


building

• It is rotating 6 revolutions per minute


Code beacon

• It is mounted on high enough

• It is provided with two 500 watt bulbs with


green screen

• Signal designating the airport


Boundary lights
• Entire landing area of the airport outlined by the
boundary lights
• Spaced approximately 90m a part
• Lights should be placed 3m inside the fencing
• They should be mounted 0.75m above the ground
• Red coloured lights used for boundary
Approach lighting
• While approach the runway for landing, it will give
guidance to the pilot
• Visual range should extend 198m
• Height 60m cockpit cutoff angle is 150 below the
horizontal
• Approach light 900m ahead of runway threshold
• Transverse bars each 4.2m wide and located at
30m interval along the extended center of runway
Threshold lighting

• Runway threshold given special lighting

• It lighted with a continuous line of green light


extending across the entire width of runway

• Terminating bars of red lights placed 60m a head of


the runway threshold

• It will indicates the end of approach lighting


Runway lighting
• High intensity lights placed 18m on either side
of the center line of runway
• They continue upto a distance of 1140m from
threshold
• All the lights provided on the runway are of
white colour
• Lights on the runway edges are elevated type
Taxiway lighting

• Lights should be placed at a distance of 3m


from either side edges of taxiway at a interval
not more than 60m

• These are blue coloured lights and usually


projected not more than0.32 above the
pavement surface
Apron and hanger lighting

• Usually flood lights are used

• It does not cause glare in eyes of the pilots,


service personnel or passengers

• It recommended that flood lights should be


mounted at least 12m above the pavement
Lighting of wind direction indicator

• Illuminated for its visibility during night and


during bad weather condition

• Illumination done by four 200 watt angle


reflectors placed above the top of the cone
Lighting of landing direction indicator

• It is properly lighted for the use of airport


during the night times
Airport drainage
• Function of drainage
Removal of surface runoff the airfield
Interception and diversion of surface and
ground water
Lowering the subsurface water level in air field
area

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