1 A liquid is heated in a beaker.
liquid
he ating
The density of the liquid changes as its temperature increases. This causes energy to be
transferred throughout the liquid.
How does the density change and what is this energy transfer process?
energy transfer
density
process
A decreases conduction
B decreases convection
C increases conduction
D increases convection
2 A rod is made half of glass and half of copper. Four pins A, B, C and D are attached to the rod by
wax. The rod is heated in the centre as shown.
The pins fall off when the wax melts.
Which pin falls off first?
glass copper
pin pin pin pin
A B C D
he at
Which process involves convection?
A bread toasting under a grill
B energy from the Sun warming a road surface
C hot air rising to the top of a cool room
D thermal energy transfer through a copper bar
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A student suggests some uses for containers made from good thermal conductors and for
containers made from poor thermal conductors.
In which row are both suggested uses correct?
good thermal conductor poor thermal conductor
A keeping a cold liquid at transferring thermal energy
a low temperature quickly from a hot liquid
B keeping a hot liquid at keeping a cold liquid at
a high temperature a low temperature
C transferring thermal energy transferring thermal energy
quickly from a hot liquid quickly to a cold liquid
D transferring thermal energy keeping a hot liquid at
quickly to a cold liquid a high temperature
5 A cotton sheet is ironed with a hot electric iron.
How is energy transferred through the metal base of the iron to the sheet?
A by conduction only
B by convection only
C by radiation only
D by convection and radiation only
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Two plastic cups are placed one inside the other. A small spacer keeps the two cups separated.
Hot water is poured into the inner cup and a lid is put on top, as shown.
lid
small spacer
small air gap
hot water
bench
Which statement is correct?
A The bench is heated by convection from the bottom of the outer cup.
B The lid reduces the energy lost by convection.
C There is no thermal conduction through the sides of either cup.
D Thermal radiation is prevented by the small air gap.
A solid is heated from room temperature.
The graph shows how its temperature changes with time as it is heated constantly.
At which time has it just become completely liquid?
temperature
room temperature
0 time
0 A B C D
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Thermal energy travels through space from the Sun to the Earth. Space is a vacuum.
How is thermal energy transferred from the Sun to the Earth?
A by conduction only
B by convection only
C by radiation only
D by convection and radiation
The diagram shows a vacuum flask used to keep liquid hot.
vacuum
hot liquid
How does thermal energy pass through the vacuum?
A conduction only
B convection only
C radiation
D conduction and convection
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90
91
92
93
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A man goes into a cold room and switches on a heater. The man then stands one metre away
from the heater. He feels warmer almost immediately.
room
he ater
How is thermal energy transferred from the heater to the man so quickly?
A by conduction, convection and radiation
B by conduction only
C by convection only
D by radiation only
A rod is made half of glass and half of copper. Four pins, A, B, C and D are attached to the rod
by wax. The rod is heated in the centre as shown.
Which pin falls off first?
glass copper
pin pin pin pin
A B C D
he at
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A 0 B 1 C 2 D 3
96
97
A substance loses thermal energy (heat) to the surroundings at a steady rate.
The graph shows how the temperature of the substance changes with time.
temperature
P
0
0 time
What could the portion PQ of the graph represent?
A gas condensing
B gas cooling
C liquid cooling
D liquid solidifying
Two otherwise identical cars, one black and one white, are at the same initial temperature. The
cars are left in bright sunshine and their temperatures increase. During the night their
temperatures decrease.
Which car shows the greater rate of temperature increase and which car shows the greater rate
of temperature decrease?
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Because heat transfers by convection when the hot air becomes less dense
and rises up while cold air is more dense and it falls down.
Because her hands are not directly in contact with the heated surfaces.
The matt black side
Because it is the best heat emitter.
99
Department of science Date: …………………..
Name of Student: …………………. Class: G9 ………..
Block 3 , H.W
Question 1 :- Circle the correct letter
1.
2.
100
3.
q2 :-
The atoms vibration transfer the heat energy from X (the hotter end)
to Y (the colder end)
When the solid is heated the spaces between its particles
increase (not the particles itself), so it expands and
increases in volume.
When the solid is heated to be converted into liquid:
The bonds between the particles become weaker
The intermolecular spaces increase
The intermolecular force decreases
the motion of atoms increases
101
102
103
104
105
106
Key points 107
Conduction in insulators (non-metals) is only caused by passing vibrations from
atom to atom.
Conduction in good conductors (metals) is caused by collisions between fast
moving free electrons and metal ions and by passing vibrations from atom to
atom.
Conduction by collisions between fast moving free electrons is very much faster
than conduction by passing vibrations from atom to atom.
Metals are good conductors because they contain free electrons.
108
In a refrigerator, the cooling unit can be fitted either at the top or at the bottom. In an oven, the
heater can be fitted either at the top or at the bottom.
Which row shows the best position for the cooling unit and the best position for the heater?
A girl is outdoors. She warms her hands by holding them near a fire, as shown.
hands
fire
How does the heat from the fire reach her hands?
A conduction only
B convection and conduction
C convection and radiation
D radiation only
A heating engineer fits a heater to the ceiling of an office so that workers in the office are kept
warm.
How does thermal energy reach the workers below the heater?
A conduction and convection
B convection and radiation
C convection only
D radiation only
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Which row shows how heating changes the density of air, and the name of the method of energy
transfer caused by this density change?
What is the name of the process of heat transfer using electromagnetic waves?
A conduction
B convection
C evaporation
D radiation
Ice is trapped by a metal gauze at the bottom of a tube containing water.
The water is heated strongly at the top, but the ice only melts very slowly.
water boiling
metal gauz e
he at
ice
Why does the ice melt so slowly?
A Heat energy always travels upwards.
B Hot water is more dense than cold water.
C Metal gauze does not allow heat to pass through.
D Water is a poor conductor of heat.
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A heater is to be fitted in a room to warm the air throughout the room.
The diagram shows two possible positions to fit the heater, P and Q.
position Q
room
position P
Which position is better and why?
position
osit
A P warmer air is less dense and rises
B P warmer air is more dense and rises
C Q warmer air is less dense and falls
D Q warmer air is more dense and falls
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Food is kept in a cool-box which uses two ice packs to keep it cool.
Where should the ice packs be placed to keep all the food as cool as possible?
A both at the bottom of the box
B both at the top of the box
C one at the front and one at the back of the box
D one on the left and one on the right of the box
The diagram shows a cooling unit in a refrigerator.
cooling
unit
Why is the cooling unit placed at the top?
A Cold air falls and warm air is displaced upwards.
B Cold air is a bad conductor so heat is not conducted into the refrigerator.
C Cold air is a good conductor so heat is conducted out of the refrigerator.
D Cold air remains at the top and so prevents convection.
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The diagram shows some ice being used to lower the temperature of some warm water.
ice
warm water
glass
What is the main process by which the water at the bottom of the glass becomes cool?
A condensation
B conduction
C convection
D radiation
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A piece of hot metal is held by a clamp in a cold room. The air next to the metal becomes hot.
The density of the air changes and the air moves.
clamp
hot metal
Which row shows the density change of the air and the direction in which the air moves?
density of air movement of air
A decreases downwards
B decreases upwards
C increases downwards
D increases upwards
Why does convection take place in a liquid when it is heated?
A Liquids expand when they are heated.
B Liquids start to bubble when they get close to boiling point.
C Molecules in the liquid expand when they are heated.
D Molecules near to the surface of the liquid escape into the air.
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