Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Internet Connectivity and the Academic

Performance of BS Crimininology Students from
University of the Cordilleras
Heherson A. Balais
Criminology Department
Cavite State University, Bacoor City campus
Bacoor City, Philippines

Abstract:- This study dealt with the internet connection Keywords:- Academic performance; Availability of Internet
status among the criminology students of the University of Connection; Internet ; Internet Connectivity.
the Cordilleras, and its relevance to their academic
performance. I. INTRODUCTION

In this study a quantitative approach was utilized. 210 Nelson Mandela's famous quote, "Education is the most
criminology students from the aforementioned university potent weapon you can employ to change the world,"
participated in the study. In particular, it wanted to find demonstrates the significance of education in improving our
out whether or not the students had access to the internet; society. Despite of the uncertain situation we are facing; the
a. Where do students typically access the internet; b. What importance of education remains to be consistent. The
kind of internet connectivity they are using; c. How strong pandemic has brought a major shock to our educational system
is their internet connection; d. Reasons why there is no but the important thing is that we do not stop on delivering the
internet connectivity at their home. Second will be the education towards every student. Though our priority for now
available devices they use in online learning. Last but not is the minimum health standards but for us educators we never
least, the effects of poor internet access on University of the say no to education because of this pandemic. On March 2020
Cordilleras students pursuing a Bachelor of Science in “the Director General of WHO declared Covid-19 as a
Criminology. pandemic after assessment of the rapid spread and severity of
the deadly virus across the globe with additional announcement
The study showed the status of internet connectivity of social distancing as a means of curbing the spread of the
among the criminology students of the University which pandemic (WHO, 2020).”
are as follows; a) Majority have internet connection. b)
Almost all of them utilized internet at home, c) Most of the “In response with the spread of COVID-19 poses a threat
students are utilizing Mobile data during online classes, d) to humanity, as this pandemic has forced many global activities
the average of internet connection among the participant to close, including educational activities. To reduce the spread
is moderate, e) Mobile phone topped as gadget they use of the virus, education institutions have been forced to switch
during distance learning. to e-learning using available educational platforms, despite the
challenges facing this sudden transformation. In order to further
It also showed that that majority of the criminology explore the potentials challenges facing learning activities, the
students who were enrolled in the University of the focus of this study is on e-learning from students’ and
Cordilleras Baguio City agreed that lack of internet instructor’s perspectives on using and implementing e-learning
connection can causes the following factors to their systems in a public university during the COVID-19 pandemic
academic performance: a. They cannot perform well in (Maatuk, 2021).”
class during discussions compared to those with internet
access; b. they got low scores in their quizzes; c. they In connection with this, “social distancing is conscious
cannot watch video tutorials or pre-recorded discussions; increment in the physical gap between people in order to curb
d. they cannot pass their requirements on time; e. they got dissemination of disease (Red Cross, 2020). “
low performance in their recitation; f. it lessens their
inquisitive thinking to learn something new; g. they got low “Online learning is the use of internet and some other
performance scores during practical activities; h. they important technologies to develop materials for educational
cannot do their assignment; i. they cannot search for purposes, instructional delivery and management of program
relevant ideas when making activities; j. they do not (Fry, 2001).”
have access in lessons sent through their learning
management system and messenger; k. they cannot relate “The 21st century has brought about a massive change in
to the discussions; l. they are not updated with the topics the world of education. Gone are those days when teaching was
in their online group. limited only within the confines of a classroom. The internet
has brought about a paradigm shift in the fundamental way in

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
which learning is done. It has taken learning beyond the Online learning is education that takes place over the
hallowed walls of the universities and into the palms of internet. It is often referred to as “e-learning” among other
everyone (Sarkar, 2020).” terms. However, online learning is just one type of “distance
learning” the umbrella term for any learning that takes place
However, Tom (2017), stated that the concept of e- not in a traditional classroom (Stern, n.d.).
learning in not new for it can be trace back 170 years ago where
instructor/ professor sent task and receive assignment through According one research that is conducted by Merlot
email. This was the humble beginning of the concept of online Journal in 2015 shows that “there is strong evidence to suggest
learning. that online learning is at least as effective as the traditional
format. Online learning is a story that is still being written, and
“Long before the internet was launched, distance courses how it progresses will likely depend on those present (Nguyen,
were being offered to provide students with education on 2015).”
particular subjects or skills. In the 1840’s Isaac Pitman taught
his pupils shorthand via correspondence. This form of symbolic In addition, “there are some advantages and
writing was designed to improve writing speed and was popular disadvantages of online learning; the accessibility of online
amongst secretaries, journalists, and other individuals who did education globally, saving time, money, and efforts are
a great deal of note taking or writing. Pitman, who was a advantages of online learning. In teaching, the lecture’s
qualified teacher, was sent completed assignments by his recording is one advantage of online learning when students
students via the mail system and he would then send them more ask teachers to record the classes. The teachers are reviewing
work to be finished (Gogos, n.d.).” and preparing well for recording, which certainly improves
teaching strategies and methods. Students can access the
“One of the first instances of online learning in the world lectures anytime and can understand better. Not all learners
can be traced back to 1960, at the University of Illinois, USA. have good internet connectivity. Some learners suffered from
Though the internet wasn’t invented back then, students began network problems, lacking high-quality learning devices
learning from computer terminals that were interlinked to form (Mahyoob, 2020). “
a network (Sarkar, 2020).”
“One of the challenges of this e-learning concept is the
In addition, the Explore Talent LMS stated that, first poor slow internet connection. According to one study, slow
online learning systems were really only set up to deliver Internet connections or limited access from homes in rural areas
information to students but as we entered the 70s online can contribute to students falling behind. The educational
learning started to become more interactive. setbacks can have significant impacts on academic success,
college admissions and career opportunities (MSU, 2020).”
“In Britain, the Open University was keen to take
advantage of e-learning. Their system of education has always “The use of the Internet for learning is seen as a means to
been primarily focused on learning at a distance. In the past, improve accessibility, efficiency and quality of learning by
course materials were delivered by post and correspondence facilitating access to resources and service as well as remote
with tutors was via mail. With the internet, the Open University exchanges and collaboration (Kamba 2009).”
began to offer a wider range of interactive educational
experiences as well as faster correspondence with students via “Students with no high-speed Internet access at home are
email etc. (Explore Talent LMS, n.d.).” also less likely to plan to attend a college or university. On the
other hand, students with Internet access have substantially
In support, according to Sarkar on 2020, “the Open higher digital skills, which are a strong predictor of
University in Britain was one of the first universities in the performance on standardized tests (MSU,2020).”
world to begin online distance learning, in the early 1990s.
Currently, the Indira Gandhi National Open University in India According to Ivwighreghweta (2014), “internet has
is the largest university in the world with around 4 million opened the door to a new way of learning. However, there is a
students enrolled, most of whom currently receive education challenge brought by internet connectivity. Internet access it
via online methods.” will become possible for users to browse within the
environments and thus enhance access to information needed
“Online learning is the newest and most popular form specially to enhance academic performance.”
of distance education today. Within the past decade it has had
a major impact on post-secondary education and the trend is Hiltz and Turoff (2005) argued that “the contemporary
only increasing (Stern, n.d.).” transformation will be seen as revolutionary modifications in
the specifications of higher education as a process and as an
“In transition, the term “e-learning” has only been in institution in the next 50 years because the transformation has
existence since 1999, when the word was first utilized at a CBT moved face-to-face instructional programs using objectivist,
systems seminar. Other words also began to spring up in search for thousands of home-grown, provincial and domestic
of an accurate description such as “online learning” and “virtual universities to online and hybrid programs applying digital
learning” (Gogos, n.d.).” technologies in enhancing constructivist, learner-centered,
cooperative pedagogy for some hundred “mega-universities”
that function worldwide.”

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
“In the Philippines, the term ‘e-learning’ is used Although internet plans exist; they are not, however, created
synonymously with online learning and concerns the online equal. Hence, in online classes, there was never a day when a
delivery of instructional content as well as associated support student hasn’t voiced out complaints such as ‘Can someone tell
services to students. This was used even before this pandemic, the professor I/he/she got disconnected?’ ‘Oops! Where did
adopted on the concept of Open University (Dela Pena, 2009). he go? (referring to the professor who doesn’t realize he got cut
“ off), ‘I have unstable Wifi’, ‘Do you guys see/hear me?’. We
are in the city and yet we experience such mishaps. What more
In order to facilitate academic debates, learning are those students who are stuck in remote places where signal
evaluations, the exchange of learning materials and content, isn’t as strong as what we city dwellers have? They are forced
and student submission of course requirements, university to ‘move mountains’ just to get a bar or two’ (Amadora, 2020).”
learning centers are making greater use of learning
management systems (LMS). “Other factor to considered is the family situation,
families who have more disposable income find themselves in
However, in 2020, “in the Philippines, this translates into a more fortunate situation (Dollanganger, 2021).’
almost 325,000 infected and 6,000 deaths (Worldometer,
2020). To curb the spread of COVID-19, most governments Some of the BS Criminology students from the University
have opted to employ quarantine protocols and temporarily of the Cordilleras in Baguio City have difficulties meeting their
shut down their educational institutions. Among this number academic requirements in their respective subjects due to the
are over 28 million Filipino learners across academic levels use of an online learning platform, power outages, and poor
who have to stay at home and comply with the Philippine internet connectivity. Furthermore, with the implemented
government’s quarantine measures (UNESCO, 2020).” online learning system not all students have technological
knowledge and significantly the resources. Some only rely on
“To respond to the needs of learners, especially of the 3.5 data connection and others only use smartphones in attending
million tertiary-level students enrolled in approximately 2,400 their classes and in doing and submitting their academic
HEIs, certain HEIs in the country have implemented proactive requirements.
policies for the continuance of education despite the closure.
These policies include modified forms of online learning that After considering all of these factors, the researcher is of
aim to facilitate student learning activities (Joaquin, 2020).” the opinion that the conduct of this study is, in fact, timely and
pertinent to the Criminology students at from University of
“The Philippine education system is struggling to adapt to Cordilleras. The primary objective of this study is to determine
the sudden and major shift to distance learning during the how internet connectivity affects the academic performance of
Covid-19 pandemic. Over the years, the overall internet BS criminology students at that institution. It will be anchored
connection speed in the Philippines remains among the slowest by first determining the students' internet access and
in the Asia Pacific region. That is despite having the highest connectivity, and then investigating the connection between
average daily time spent using the internet in the region students' academic performance and online learning.
(Statistica, 2021). “ Appropriate measures will be proposed as a result of this
investigation that may potentially and positively impact the
“In January 2021, the Philippines moved up to the 86th learning experience of the BS Criminology students,
spot in the global mobile internet speed rankings, according to instructors, and management of the University of the
data from an Ookla report. This is a marked improvement from Cordilleras.
its 111th rank in the same period last 2020 (DICT, 2021).”
II. THEORETICAL/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
“Slow internet connectivity hampers Filipinos in their
work, streaming, and downloading of videos, which include the A. Theoretical Framework
online educational performance of the students (Statistica, The academic setting was temporarily crippled worldwide
2021).” due to the effect of pandemic; however, it does not hinder the
persistence of all learners and educators, thanks to the
“In support with the statement above a mother claimed development of technology because we have the internet
that the only wrinkle to online learning is the intermittent platform to serve as a classroom for the students and educators.
internet connectivity in the country. When there is an internet
outage, children’s classes are canceled too (Dollanganger, This adaptation of the internet platform as an alternative
2021).” for face-to-face class has been explained by the Uses and
Gratification Theory, wherein as a result of the pandemic the
“The numbers don’t lie. A poor showing in the study students and educators are in need of possible way to continue
reflects the sorry state of connectivity in the Philippines, and their education, hence, they have utilized the internet platform
this is negatively affecting the lives of Filipino student’s to gratify their needs.
(Esquire Philippines, 2020).”
The result of this study will confirm if the internet
“According to a news article it states that truth be told, platform can really gratify the standard of education especially
our country is an internet-challenged country. A problem that to a criminology student who were required to conduct
had caused delays implementing remote learning in general.

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
practical exercises to gain the required knowledge in most of television report aired, the now-archived Facebook group was
their courses. left with 571,900 members.” Based on this data, students'
academic performance will be affected by online cheating in
The Observational learning theory can explain the addition to internet connectivity.
positive effect of internet platforms towards the students
because educators are using online meeting which can be In addition, Singh (2014) concludes that “most of the
recorded and can be reproduced for the students to have further undergraduate students’ use the internet for entertainment,
reference, another is that educators can utilize the YouTube as social and education objectives. They use it minimum for their
their visual aid, hence students can download and review such academics and knowledge.”
recorded discussions or video/s.
Lastly, the aforementioned theories and concepts will be
The advantage of such approach is that the students can confirmed by the result of this study.
repeatedly view it until such time that it contents will retain to
the student’s mind and they can apply what they have observed. B. Paradigm of the Study

Another is that the internet platform maintains a

connectivity between the students and teachers, in relation, the
Connectivism theory explains that people will learn and grow
when they have connection with each other.

As a result, the internet connection as one of the latest

modes of communication helps every student in maintaining
connection with their teachers and vice versa. Hence, the study
will further explain this connection between students and their
teachers as well as to discuss its effects and impact to their Fig 1: Paradigm of the Study
academic performance specifically the criminology students of
University of the Cordilleras in Baguio City Philippines. The purpose of this study is to determine the status of
internet connection among the 3rd and 4rth year criminology
In addition, Salac and Kim (2016) claims that “compared students from University of Cordilleras the City of Baguio
to other neighboring Asian countries, the Philippines has an during their online classes as well as its effects or impacts to
average internet speed of 2.8 Mbps whereas, Thailand had an their academic performance during such classes.
average internet speed of 7.4 Mbps, Sri Lanka 7.4, and
Malaysia 4.3, placing the country at 104 among 160 countries, C. Statement of the Problem
with developed countries in Asia such as South Korea (23.6 The purpose of this study is to ascertain how internet
Mbps) and Singapore (12.9 Mbps) ranking 1 and 12, connectivity affects students' who are pursuing a BS
respectively. The poor quality of internet connection may cause criminology from University of Cordilleras, in the City of
delay or absences during classes which will have a direct Baguio. In particular, it will respond to the following inquiries:
impact to the academic performance of every student.”  What is the nature of accessing the internet by the
respondents?
In support, Jurado, et.al.,(2010) claims that “limited  What is the level of agreeableness on the negative effect of
internet access is a major concern in implementing blended no or lack of internet connection on the academic
learning, whereas, Rotas and Chapay (2020) revealed in their performance of the respondents?
study that there are twelve themes that causes difficulties as
experienced by the university student in the Philippines D. Definition of Terms
regarding the online learning system, and these are: unstable
internet connectivity; inadequate learning resources; electric  Academic performance
power interruptions; vague learning contents; overloaded “Academic performance is the outcome of education—
lesson activities; limited teacher scaffolds; poor peer the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has
communication; conflict with home responsibilities; poor achieved their educational goals (Annie, Howard & Mildred,
learning environment; financial related problems; physical 1996 as cited by Arshad et al. 2015).”
health compromises; and mental health struggles. One of these
factors revealed in the study is the poor internet connectivity,  Availability of Internet Connection
this only shows that from 2016 to 2020 the Philippine average Availability of Internet Connection refers to the
speed of internet connectivity does not improve.” availability of internet services such as loading station,
network provider and etc.
Furthermore, Bautista, J.(2021,Sept.20) Reported that
“with the current setup of blended learning due to the  Distance Learning
pandemic, students have resorted to online cheating via a “A method of study where teachers and students do not
Facebook group where they share notes and test answers. The meet in a classroom but use the Internet, e-mail, mail, modules,
“Online Kopyahan” community group has been created, and etc., to have classes (Merriam Webster, Dictionary).”
had at one point more than 600,000 members, but after a local

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ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Internet The sampling method that will be use in the study is total
“Abubakar D. and Diyoshak, R. (2015) defined internet enumeration sampling. According to Kanpur (n.d) total
as a collection of computers and computer Networks located enumeration sampling is the collection of information on the
all over the world, all of which share information established whole population.
upon Internet protocols.”
B. Data Gathering Tools
 Internet Connectivity “The main instrument to be used in the study is a survey
‘The term Internet connectivity refers to the way people questionnaire. Surveys and questionnaires are designed to
are hooked up to the Internet, and may include dial-up collect and record information from multiple people, groups or
telephone lines, always-on broadband connections, and organizations in a consistent way (Intrac, 2017). “
wireless devices (encyclopedia.com) “
Two sections make up the survey questionnaire. The
 Internet access students' fundamental demographic profiles are included in the
“Internet access is the process of connecting to the first section. The pupils' internet access and connectivity were
internet using personal computers, laptops or mobile devices evaluated in the second section.
by users or enterprises. Internet access enables individuals or
organizations to avail internet services/web-based services The final section examined how respondents' academic
(Technopedia, 2016).” performance was affected by having no internet access or poor
internet connectivity. Survey questionnaire will be in the form
 Lack of Internet Connection of Google Forms and will be sent to the respondents via
“Lack of internet Connection is the absence of internet messenger or electronic mail.
signal (Operational Definition).”
C. Data Gathering Procedure
 Moderate Internet Connection Before beginning data collection, the researchers will
Experiencing moderate speed of internet connection. first ask the research adviser for approval. After the approval,
Characterized by more than 1 Mbps on downloading and the researcher will prepare and send a letter to the Dean of
uploading speed. Criminology Department in the University of the Cordilleras
to commence the study and for the floating of questionnaires
 “Poor Internet Connection to the determined respondents. If approved, the researchers
Download and upload speed is less than 1 Mbps are too will now proceed in sending the web-based questionnaires to
slow. Users may experience buffering when streaming video, the respondents via messenger or electronic mail.
difficulty connecting multiple devices and other internet
connectivity issues (Anders, 2021).’ Instruction will also be provided to the respondents
before answering the questionnaire. The respondents are given
 Strong Internet Connection three days to accomplish the said questionnaire. After which,
“Internet download speeds of 20 Mbps or higher are often the collection of data will be stopped or closed. Since total
considered fast internet because they can handle multiple enumeration is used as the sampling method all the
online activities for multiple users at once without major respondents are expected to answer.
interruptions in service issues (Anders, 2021).”
However, if there are respondents who are not
III. DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY determined to answer due to some reasons, the researchers will
not force them to answer and only those collected responses
The research method that will be use by the researchers is will be considered for interpretation and analysis of data.
descriptive. “According to Aggarwal (2008) as cited in Salaria Virtual interview will also be done to validate the information
(2012) descriptive research is devoted to the gathering of stated in the survey questionnaire. The virtual interview will
information about prevailing conditions or situations for the be done via zoom or google meet.
purpose of description and interpretation.” In order to ascertain
the impact of poor internet access on the academic performance The raw data gathered will be treated and analyze for
of the University of the Cordilleras' BS Criminology program, interpretation, conclusion, and recommendation. The
the descriptive approach was used in this study. The researchers researchers also treat all the personal information of the
decided to utilize this approach for it is the goal of the study to respondents/participants as confidential, hence, their names
obtain a reliable and first-hand data in the establishment of a are hidden.
credible conclusion and recommendations.
D. Treatment of Data
A. Population and Locale of the study The researchers will use weighted mean to interpret the
The third fourth-year B.S. Criminology students of the data collected. According to Clark-Carter (2010), “the
University of the Cordilleras in Baguio City who are enrolled weighted mean involves multiplying each data point in a set
in the current academic year 2021-2022 are the respondents of by a value which is determined by some characteristic of
the study. whatever contributed to the data point.The data is calculated
by adding up all the responses and dividing the sum total by

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
the total number of respondents to get the mean. In getting the
weighted mean, the following formula will be used:

Where,
X̄ = population mean
ΣX = sum of each value in the population
N = number of values in the population”

Triangulation method will also be used in the study.

“Triangulation is a technique to analyze results of the same
study using different methods of data collection. It is used for
three main purposes: to enhance validity, to create a more in-
depth picture of a research problem, and to interrogate
different ways of understanding a research problem.
Fig. 3 Frequent Place of Internet Connection Usage.
(Nightingale, 2009).”
Data shows that 75.7% of the 210 participants uses their
The study will benefit from triangulation method to
internet connection at their houses. The result disclosed that,
better understand the impact of an internet connection outage
although majority of criminology students have an internet
on the performance of criminology students.
connectivity within their houses, still there are some who do
not have an access, especially those students who are located in
IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
remote provinces in which signals and internet connections are
INTERPRETATION OF DATA difficult to access. In support, the Philippine News Agency
disclosed that cable lines for internet connection will reach
some remote municipalities in the region of Cordillera in the
year 2022 to 2023.

Fig. 2, Internet Connectivity of the criminology students

of University of Cordilleras.

The findings showed that of the 210 participants in the Fig.4, Kind of Internet Connection
survey, 88.8% have access to the internet, while 16.2% do not.
This suggests that while the majority of criminology students The data shows that 62.50 % of the participants are using
at the University of the Cordilleras have access to the internet mobile data, while 35.1 % are utilizing WiFi and only 2.40%
for their online classes, a small number of them do not. of the participants are using Cable/LAN as their internet
provider.
In consonance, Carag, F. et. al. concludes in their study
“that students are having problems obtaining an internet
connection due to the high cost.”

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ISSN No:-2456-2165
It was disclosed from the data that 43% of the
participants points out the availability of internet access in
their area as the reason for their lack of internet connectivity.
The other 30% claims that their lack of internet accessing
device is the reason, while the remaining 27% answered that
they cannot afford the cost of internet connectivity. One
contributory factor is the mountainous terrain of the region.
The terrain of the region hinders the internet providers
companies to reach most of the remote areas in the region.

Fig. 5, Stability of Internet Connection

The study reveals that the internet connection stability of

the criminology students from the university of the cordilleras
is in moderate level, hence, the student will still able to attend
their online classes but there are still the chances of
interruption of internet connection while on class. This was
based on the study's findings, which showed that 74% of the
criminology students from the aforementioned university had
a moderate degree of internet stability, compared to only 8%
who said their connection was strong and 18% who had a poor
connection. Fig. 7, Devices used by the Criminology students of the
University of the Cordilleras.
In relation, Salac and Kim (2016) claims that “compared
to other neighboring Asian countries, the Philippines has an Data reveals that,74% of the criminology students from
average internet speed of 2.8 Mbps whereas, Thailand had an the University of the Cordilleras are using their mobile phone
average internet speed of 7.4 Mbps, Sri Lanka 7.4, and to participate during their online classes. Some were using
Malaysia 4.3, placing the country at 104 among 160 countries, their laptop as it was shown that only 22% percent of the
with developed countries in Asia such as South Korea (23.6 participants identifies laptop as their device used during online
Mbps) and Singapore (12.9 Mbps) ranking 1 and 12, class, while very few of them have their own personal
respectively. The poor quality of internet connection may computer at home wherein only 4% of the participants claims
cause delay or absences during classes which will have a direct to have their own personal computers.
impact to the academic performance of every student.”
In relation, it was found out in the study of Asio,J. et. al
(2021) that a majority of students in central Luzon, Philippines
has smartphones.

Fig.6, Reason of no Internet Connectivity

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
TABLE 1. EFFECTS WHEN THE STUDENTS HAVE NO INTERNET ACCESS AT HOME.
STATEMENTS MEAN VERBAL INTERPRETATION
I CANNOT DO MY ASSIGNMENT. 2.77 AGREE
I DO NOT HAVE ACCESS IN LESSONS SENT THROUGH OUR LEARNING 2.69 AGREE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND MESSENGER.
I CANNOT SEARCH FOR RELEVANT IDEAS WHEN MAKING ACTIVITIES. 2.75 AGREE
I CANNOT WATCH VIDEO TUTORIALS OR PRE-RECORDED DISCUSSIONS. 2.84 AGREE
I CANNOT PERFORM WELL IN CLASS DURING DISCUSSIONS COMPARED TO 2.94 AGREE
THOSE WITH INTERNET ACCESS
I AM NOT UPDATED WITH THE TOPICS IN OUR ONLINE GROUP. 2.68 AGREE
IT LESSENS MY INQUISITIVE THINKING TO LEARN SOMETHING NEW. 2.78 AGREE
I CANNOT RELATE TO THE DISCUSSIONS. 2.68 AGREE
I GOT LOW PERFORMANCE IN OUR RECITATION. 2.81 AGREE
I GOT LOW SCORES IN OUR QUIZZES. 2.86 AGREE
I PASSED MY REQUIREMENTS BEYOND THE GIVEN DEADLINE. 2.82 AGREE
I GOT LOW PERFORMANCE SCORES DURING PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES. 2.77 AGREE
GENERAL ASSESSMENT 2.78 AGREE

LEGEND:
1-1.75 STRONGLY DIS AGREE 2.6-3.25 AGREE
1.76-2.5 DISAGREE 3.26 - 4 STRONGLY AGREE

The impacts of a lack of internet access on criminology grade point average. They are also less likely to intend on
students at the University of the Cordilleras in Baguio City are completing a college or university degree. A deficit in digital
shown in Table 1. The table manifested that majority of the skills compounds many of the inequalities in access and
criminology students who were enrolled at University of contributes to students performing lower on standardized test
Cordilleras, agreed that lack of internet connection can causes scores, such as the SAT, and being less interested in careers
the following factors to their academic performance: related to science, technology, engineering, and math.”
a. They cannot perform well in class during discussions
compared to those with internet access; V. CONCLUSION
b. they got low scores in their quizzes;
c. they cannot watch video tutorials or pre-recorded The researchers came at the following conclusions based
discussions; on the study's findings:
d. they cannot pass their requirements on time;  Majority of the criminology students are not fortunate to
e. they got low performance in their recitation; obtain personal computers or laptop at home, hence, their
f. it lessens their inquisitive thinking to learn something new; primary resources during their online classes are their
g. they got low performance scores during practical activities; mobile phones while their primary source of internet
h. they cannot do their assignment; connection are b their mobile data.
i. they cannot search for relevant ideas when making activities;  The students generally agreed that lack of internet
j. they do not have access in lessons sent through their connection at home may have a negative effect on their
learning management system and messenger; academic performance.
k. they cannot relate to the discussions;  The speed of the internet connection is just moderate,
l. they are not updated with the topics in their online group. hence further improvement to internet connections in the
region is necessary.
Furthermore, it was disclosed from the data gathered that  This study is limited only to the criminology students who
the most dominant factor agreed upon by the respondents were are enrolled in the University of the Cordilleras and it does
their inability to perform well in class during discussions not define the entire effect of internet connectivity to other
compared to those with internet access due to lack of internet regions of the Philippines.
connection, this was attested by its mean of 2.94 as the highest
mean in the data, whereas the least factor agreed upon by the ACKNOWLEDGMENT
respondents is they not updated with the topics in their online
group due to lack of internet connection, this was corroborated I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the
by its mean of 2.68 as the lowest mean among other factors. following people for their assistance in making my research a
success:
In support, a study initiated in Michigan State University
by Hampton, et. Al.(2020) found out “that students who do not With utmost and sincerest gratitude, I acknowledge the
have access to the Internet from home or are dependent on a Almighty God who guided and provided me the strength to
cell phone alone for access perform lower on a range of face every difficulty in the conduct of this study and for
metrics, including digital skills, homework completion, and

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
blessing me with wisdom and everything that he utilized for https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/mathematics/weig
the success of the study; hted-mean on November 1, 2021.
[13]. Definition of Internet access. Retrieved from
To my family, who consistently provide me with https://technopedia.com/ on September 27, 2021
spiritual, moral, emotional, and material support; [14]. Definition of Internet connectivity. Retrieved from
https://www.encyclopedia.com/ on 27, 2021
To MR. Robino D. Cawi, my professor for the course that [15]. Dela Pena, M. (n.d.) E-Learning in the Philippines:
serve as my adviser for his invaluable assistance, advices, Trends, Directions, and Challenges. International Journal
support, guidance, encouragement and prayers to the on E-Learning
realization of this study; [16]. DICT,. (2021). PH Moves Up in Mobile Internet Speed
Global Rankings. Retrieved from https://dict.gov.ph/ph-
To the criminology students of the University of the moves-up-in-mobile-internet-speed-global-rankings/
Cordilleras, who served as the informant of the study, for [17]. Dollanganger, J. (2021). Philippines: The Rich and Poor
sharing their time, efforts, and experiences to serve as the Divide in Distance Learning. Retrieved from
references of the study; https://international.thenewslens.com/article/142537
[18]. Esquire Philippines, (2020) So, Yeah, the Philippines
Lastly, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to Has Expensive Turtle Internet, according to a New Study
everyone whose names have been listed or left out but who [19]. Explore Talent LMS (n.d.) Introduction to the E-learning
contributed in any way to the study's success. You contributed 101.
to its success and will live on in my heart and memory forever. https://www.talentlms.com/ebook/elearning/introductio
n
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