Short Name: OMV Petrom
4043_002_v091130 Refining Standard
(Recommended)
Sub-Document
Description:
Appendix B: Reference data for conditional
modifiers
User Instruction
The catalogue contains reference data for conditional modifiers which are frequently needed for LOPA. The
listed risk reduction factors result from thorough research [e.g. 01, 02, 03] and from experience within the
process industry sector. For usability reasons the Risk Reduction Factor (RRF) which is 1/PFD is
additionally given in the table. For application the following aspects need to be considered:
− the data are to be understood as semi-quantitative
− as no universal guidance can be given site / plant specific conditions need to be considered (see also
Local Amendments to this standard) and the values adjusted accordingly
− the applicability of the data for the scenario under investigation has to be verified and the data adjusted if
needed
− the PFD value for conditional modifiers must not be below 0.1
Table: Reference data for Conditional Modifiers
Description Probability of Risk reduction Comment
failure on demand factor
(P) (E) (A) (P) (E) (A)
Ignition in a Ex-Zone 2 0.3 0.3 0.3 3.33 3.33 3.33 it is assumed that outside the
classified area classified area the vapor is diluted
below 50% lower flammable limit
Ignition in a Ex-Zone 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 10.0 10.0 10.0 it is assumed that outside the
classified area classified area the vapor is diluted
below 50% lower flammable limit
Ignition in unclassified 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 no hot surface in the area (e.g. fired
area (inside operation heater); all electric & instrumentation
area) corresponding Ex-Zone 1 installed; it
is assumed that outside the classified
area the vapor could is diluted below
50% lower flammable limit
Ignition in unclassified 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 vapor cloud reaches area without
area (outside operation dilution
area)
Immediate ignition after 0.95 0.95 0.95 1.05 1.05 1.05 energy to ignite is very low (e.g.
release (low ignition hydrogen)
energy required or self
ignition)
Personnel in affected 0.1 1.0 1.0 10.0 1.0 1.0 normal operation of refinery units;
area (normal operation, only field operator
inside production area) care must be taken when using this
parameter because for some
scenario more personnel will be in
the production area (e.g. for fault
investigation)
P RefStd_4043_002_v091130_EN_LOPA.doc
Appendix B: Reference data for conditional modifiers Page Valid as of: 111110
1 of 2 Version: v091130
OMV Petrom Refining &Petrochemicals – all rights reserved
Description Probability of Risk reduction Comment
failure on demand factor
(P) (E) (A) (P) (E) (A)
Personnel n affected 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 kind of activity or operation condition
area (maintenance requires personnel in the affected
work, required by kind of area (e.g. hot-tapping)
activity)
Fatal injury 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.25 1.0 1.0 this factor shall only be used for
multiple-fatalities scenarios
Severe injury 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.25 1.0 1.0 this factor shall only be used for
scenarios affecting multiple persons
Fire fighting activities 1.0 0.5 0.8 1.0 2.0 1.25 assuming detection and appropriate
possibilities; value has to be adjusted
for the different cases
Evacuation of personnel 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 assuming detection and appropriate
in emergency case possibilities; value has to be adjusted
for the different cases
Detection and 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.67 1.67 1.67
appropriate emergency
handling is possible
Complete rupture of 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 assumed that the expected
pressure vessel and overpressure is not excessively high
associated pipe work (e.g. below 1.43 times the
permissible operating pressure at
actual operating temperature);
conditional modifier for excess of
permissible temperatures have to be
discussed for each situation
separately
References
[01] HSL/2005/50: Report on the Offshore ignition probability arguments; Health and Safety
Laboratory UK; 2005
[02] Safety and environmental standards for fuel storage sites; Buncefield Standards Task Group
(BSTG) Final report; 2007
[03] HSL/2009/RR716: A review of Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) analyses of overfill of fuel
storage tanks; Health and Safety Laboratory UK; 2009
P RefStd_4043_002_v091130_EN_LOPA.doc
Appendix B: Reference data for conditional modifiers Page Valid as of: 111110
2 of 2 Version: v091130
OMV Petrom Refining &Petrochemicals – all rights reserved
