TIEIT | TCST | TIP | TISC
TRUBA Institute of Engineering & Information
technology Bhopal
LAB FILE
OF
Faculty Name: Prof Prachi Parashar
Subject: Digital Signal Processing
Subject Code: EC 601
Academic Year: Jan June 2023
Semester: VI
Designation: Asst. Prof.
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Truba Group of Institutes, Bhopal
Institute Name: TRUBA Institute of Engineering & Information Technology Bhopal
Branch: Elecronics & Communication Engineering (EC)
Session: EVEN Year: 2023 Semester: EC VI
Course Code / Name: EC 601 Digital Signal Processing
TIEIT/EC/2023/LM-01
Dept. Library Accession No-
PAGE
S.NO. CONTENTS
NO.
1 Course Objective
2 Academic Calendar
3 University Scheme
4 University Syllabus
5 Lab Time Table
6 List of Experiments
7 Lab Manual (Objective + Steps to Achieve it/Program + Output)
8 Expected Viva Voce Questions (As per the experiment and syllabus)
9 Content Beyond Syllabus
10 Teacher’s Remarks and Suggestions for Improvements (Year Wise)
11 Softcopy of all Formats on CDs.
Prepared By:
Faculty 1: Prof Prachi Parashar / ECE (Name & Sign)
Checked By: Prof. Nishi Pandey , AP EC & Member Academic Council TIEIT Bhopal
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Course objectives & course outcomes (COs)
CO 1. Understood the signals and system can analysis signal in frequency domain
CO 2. Able to do mathematical analysis of signal by Z-transform
CO 3. Apply furrier series and Fourier transform on discrete signals
CO 4. Computation of discrete time signal and algorithm in frequency domain
CO 5. Able to implement filters in analog as well in digital system
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Academic Calander
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University Scheme
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University Syllabus
Unit – I Discrete-Time Signals and Systems Discrete-time signals, discrete-time systems,
analysis of discrete-time linear time-invariant systems,discrete time systems described by
difference equation, solution of difference equation, implementation of discrete-time systems,
stability and causality, frequency domain representation of discrete time signals and systems.
Unit - II The z-Transform The direct z-transform, properties of the z-transform, rational z-
transforms, inversion of the z transform,analysis of linear time-invariant systems in the z-
domain, block diagrams and signal flow graph representation of digital network, matrix
representation.
Unit - III Frequency Analysis of Discrete Time Signals Discrete fourier series (DFS), properties
of the DFS, discrete Fourier transform (DFT), properties of DFT, two dimensional DFT,
circular convolution.
Unit - IV Efficient Computation of the DFT FFT algorithms, decimation in time algorithm,
decimation in frequency algorithm, decomposition for ‘N’composite number.
Unit – V Digital filters Design Techniques Design of IIR and FIR digital filters, Impulse
invariant and bilinear transformation, windowing techniques rectangular and other windows,
examples of FIR filters, design using windowing.
Time Table
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TIME 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DAY
10:00- 10:45- 11:30- 12:15- 1:30- 02:15- 03:00- 03:45-
10:45 11:00 12:15 1:00 02:15 03:00 03:45 4:30
MONDAY
TUESDAY
L
U
WEDNESDA
N
Y
C
THUSDAY
H
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
List of Experiments
1. Generation, analysis and plots of discrete-time signals.
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2. Implementation of operations on sequences (addition, multiplication, scaling, shifting, folding etc).
3. Implementation of Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems and testing them for stability and causality.
4. Computation and plot of DTFT of sequences, verification of properties of DTFT.
5. Computation and plots of z-transforms, verification of properties of z-transforms.
6. Computation and plot of DFT of sequences, verification of properties of DFT.
7. Computation and plots of linear/circular convolution of two sequences.
8. Computation of radix-2 FFT- Decimation in time and Decimation in frequency.
9. Implementation of IIR and FIR filter structures (direct, cascade, parallel etc).
10. Implementation of various window design techniques (Rectangular, Bartlett, Hann, Hamming etc).
Lab Manual
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EC-601
Digital Signal Processing
Prepared By:-
Prof. Prachi Parashar
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Truba Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Bhopal
Technical Specifications
Experiment 1
Aim: DISCRETE-TIME SIGNALS: TIME-DOMAIN REPRESENTATION
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1.1 GENERATION OF SEQUENCES
Project 1.1 Unit sample and unit step sequences
A copy of Program
P1_1 is given below.
% Program P1_1
% Generation of a Unit Sample Sequence
clf;
% Generate a vector from -10 to 20 n = -10:20;
% Generate the unit sample sequence u = [zeros(1,10) 1 zeros(1,20)];
% Plot the unit sample sequence stem(n,u);
xlabel('Time index n');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Unit Sample Sequence');
axis([-10 20 0 1.2]);
Experiment 2
Aim: To perform arithmetic operations different types of signals Using MATLAB Software.
EQUIPMENTS: PC with windows (95/98/XP/NT/2000).
MATLAB Software
THEORY : Basic Operation on Signals:
3(a)% MATLAB program for time shifting of a signal clc clear all close all t = [0:.01:pi];
% independent (time) variable A = 8;
% amplitude f1 = 2; s1 = A*sin(2*pi*f1*t); subplot(3,1,1) plot(t,s1) xlabel('t');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('input signal') subplot(3,1,2) plot(t+10,s1) xlabel('t');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('right shifted signal') subplot(3,1,3) plot(t-10,s1) xlabel('t');
ylabel('amplitude'); title('left shifted signal')
% MATLAB program for time shifting of a sequence
% MATLABProgram clc clear all close all n=0:1:4; h=[1,1,1,-1,2];
subplot(3,1,1) stem(n,h); xlabel('n');
ylabel('h(n)');
title('impulse sequence');
subplot(3,1,2) stem(n+2,h);
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xlabel('n') ;
ylabel('h(n)');
title('folded sequence');
subplot(3,1,3) stem(n-2,h) xlabel('n') ;
ylabel('h(n)'); title('shifted sequence');
subplot(3,1,3)
% Program for addition and multiplication of signals
% MATLAB PROGRAM: t = [0:.01:1];
% independent (time) variable A = 8;
% amplitude f1 = 2; s1 = A*sin(2*pi*f1*t);
% create a 2 Hz sine wave f2 = 6; s2 = A*sin(2*pi*f2*t);
% create a 4 Hz sine wave figure subplot(4,1,1) plot(t, s1) title('1 Hz sine wave') ylabel('Amplitude')
%plot the 4 Hz sine wave in the middle panel subplot(4,1,2) ;
plot(t, s2) title('2 Hz sine wave') ylabel('Amplitude')
%plot the summed sine waves in the bottom panel subplot(4,1,3) ;
plot(t, s1+s2) title('Summed sine waves')
ylabel('Amplitude')
xlabel('Time (s)') xmult=s1.*s2; subplot(4,1,4);
plot(xmult); title('multiplication');
ylabel('Amplitude') xlabel('Time (s)'
Experiment 3
Aim: To compute linearity and time invariance properties of a given continuous /discrete system
EQUIPMENTS: PC with windows (95/98/XP/NT/2000). MATLAB Software
THEORY: LINEARITY PROPERTY : Any system is said to be linear if it satisfies the
superposition principal superposition principal state that Response to a weigted sumn of input signal
equal to the corresponding weighted sum of the outputs of the system to each of the individual input
signals X(n)-----------input signal Y(n) --------- output signal
Y(n)=T[x(n)] Y1(n)=T[X1(n)] : Y2(n)=T[X2(n)]
x3=[a X1(n)] +b [X2(n) ] Y3(n)= T [x3(n)] = T [a X1(n)] +b [X2(n) ] = a Y1(n)+ b [X2(n) ]= Z
3(n) Let a [Y1(n)]+ b [X2(n) ] =Z 3(n) If Y3(n )- Z 3(n)=0 then the system is stable other wise it is
nit stable
MATLAB Program 1:
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clc; clear all; close all; n=0:40; a=2; b=1; x1=cos(2*pi*0.1*n); x2=cos(2*pi*0.4*n); x=a*x1+b*x2;
y=n.*x; y1=n.*x1; y2=n.*x2; yt=a*y1+b*y2; d=y-yt;
d=round(d) if d disp('Given system is not satisfy linearity property' else disp('Given system is
satisfy linearity property');
end subplot(3,1,1), stem(n,y); grid subplot(3,1,2), stem(n,yt); grid subplot(3,1,3), stem(n,d); grid
Experiment 4
Aim: to find the fourier transform of a given signal and plotting its magnitude and phase
spectrum
EQUIPMENTS: PC with windows (95/98/XP/NT/2000). MATLAB Software
Fourier Transform TheoremsL: the Fourier transform as follows. Suppose that ƒ is a function
which is zero outside of some interval [−L/2, L/2]. Then for any T ≥ L we may expand ƒ in a
Fourier series on the interval [−T/2,T/2], where the "amount" of the wave e 2πinx/T in the
Fourier series of ƒ is given by By definition Fourier Transform of signal f(t) is defined as Iverse
Fourier Transform of signal F(w) is defined as
MATLAB PROGRAM: Aim: To compute N-point FFT
EQUIPMENTS: PC with windows (95/98/XP/NT/2000). MATLAB Software
Theory: DFT of a sequence X[K] = N j Kn N K x n e 2 1 0 Where N= Length of
sequence. K= Frequency Coefficient. n = Samples in time domain. FFT : -Fast Fourier
transformer . There are Two methods. 1.Decimation in time (DIT FFT). 2. Decimation in
Frequency (DIF FFT). Electronics and Communication Engineering Basic Simulation Lab
Narsimha Reddy Engineering College Page -71
MATLABProgram:
clc; close all;
clear all; x=input('enter the sequence');
N=length(x); n=0:1:N-1;
y=fft(x,N) subplot(2,1,1); stem(n,x);
title('input sequence');
xlabel('time index n----->');
ylabel('amplitude x[n]----> '); subplot(2,1,2);
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stem(n,y); title('output sequence');
xlabel(' Frequency index K---->');
ylabel('amplitude X[k]------>');
Experiment 5
Aim: To locating the zeros and poles and plotting the pole zero maps in splane and z-plane for the
given transfer function
EQUIPMENTS: PC with windows (95/98/XP/NT/2000). MATLAB Software
Z-transforms the Z-transform converts a discrete time-domain signal, which is a sequence of real or
complex numbers, into a complex frequency-domain representation.The Z-transform, like many
other integral transforms, can be defined as either a one-sided or two-sided transform.
Bilateral Z-transform The bilateral or two-sided Z-transform of a discrete-time signal x[n] is the
function X(z) defined as Unilateral Z-transform Alternatively, in cases where x[n] is defined only
for n ≥ 0, the single-sided or unilateral Z-transform is defined as In signal processing, this definition
is used when the signal is causal. The roots of the equation P(z) = 0 correspond to the 'zeros' of X(z)
The roots of the equation Q(z) = 0 correspond to the 'poles' of X(z) The ROC of the Z-transform
depends on the convergence of the
MATLAB PROGRAM:
clc; close all;
clear all;
%b= input('enter the numarator cofficients')
%a= input('enter the dinomi cofficients') b=[1 2 3 4]; a=[1 2 1 1 ];
zplane(b,a);
xlabel('real part');
ylabel('imaginary part');
title('Z Transform');
Experiment 6
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Aim: To find the out put with linear convolution operation Using MATLAB Software.
EQUIPMENTS: PC with windows (95/98/XP/NT/2000). MATLAB Software
Theory: If x(n)=h(n) [ impulse ) then output y(n) is known as impulse response of the system.
x(n)=δ(n) y(n)=T[x(n)]=h(n) similarly δ (n-k)= h(n-k) x(n) cab represented as weighted sum of
impulses such as y(n)=T[x(n)] = δ (n-k)= h(n-k) --- Linear Convolution equation Linear
Convolution involves the following operations.
1.Folding
2.Multiplication
3.Addition
4.Shifting
These operations can be represented by a Mathematical Expression as follows: x[ ]= Input signal
Samples h[ ]= Impulse response co-efficient. y[ ]= Convolution output. n = No. of Input samples h
= No. of Impulse response co-efficient. Example : X(n)={1 2 -1 0 1}, h(n)={ 1,2,3,-1}
MATLAB Program:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
x=input('enter input sequence');
h=input('enter impulse response');
y=conv(x,h); subplot(3,1,1); stem(x);
xlabel('n');ylabel('x(n)'); title('input signal')
Expected Viva Voce Questions
1.Define Signal
2. Define determistic and Random Signal
3. Define Delta Function
4. What is Signal Modeling
5. Define Periodic and a periodic Signal
6. Define Symetric and Anti-Symmetric Signals
7. Define Continuous and Discrete Time Signals
8. What are the Different types of representation of discrete time signals
9. What are the Different types of Operation performed on signals
10. What is System
11. What is Causal Signal
12. What are the Different types of Systems
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13. What is Linear System
14. What is Time Invariant System
15. What is Static and Dynamic System
16. What is Even Signal
17. What is Odd Signal
18. Define the Properties of Impulse Signal
19. What is Causality Condition of the Signal
20. What is Condition for System Stability
21. Define Convolution
22. Define Properties of Convolution
23. What is the Sufficient condition for the existence of F.T
24. Define the F.T of a signal
25. State Paeseval‘s energy theorem for a periodic signal
26. Define sampling Theorem
27. What is Aliasing Effect
28. what is Under sampling. What is Over sampling
30. Define Correlation
31. Define Auto-Correlation
32. Define Cross-Correlation
33. Define Convolution
34. Define Properties of Convolution
35. What is the Difference Between Convolution& Correlation
36. What are Dirchlet Condition
37. Define Fourier Series
38. What is Half Wave Symmetry
39. What are the properties of Continuous-Time Fourier Series
40. Define Laplace-Transform
41. What is the Condition for Convergence of the L.T
42. What is the Region of Convergence(ROC)
43. State the Shifting property of L.T
44. State convolution Property of L.T
45. Define Transfer Function
46. Define Pole-Zeros of the Transfer Function
47. What is the Relationship between L.T & F.T &Z.T
48. Fined the Z.T of a Impulse and step
49. What are the Different Methods of evaluating inverse z-T
50. Explain Time-Shifting property of a Z.T
51. what are the ROC properties of a Z.T
52. Define Initial Value Theorem of a Z.T
53. Define Final Value Theorem of a Z.T
54. Define Sampling Theorem
55. Define Nyquist Rate
56. Define Energy of a Signal
57. Define Power of a signal
58. Define Gibbs Phenomena. Define the condition for distortionless transmission through the
system
60. What is signal band width
61. What is system band width
62. What is Paley-Winer criterion?
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63. Derive relationship between rise time and band width
Content beyond syllabus
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Teacher’s Remark & Suggestions for
Improvement
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