T.C.

Ölçme, Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi

YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KURUMLARI
YABANCI DİL SINAVI
(2020-YÖKDİL/2)

İNGİLİZCE
SOSYAL BİLİMLER

28 ŞUBAT 2021

Bu testlerin her hakkı saklıdır. Hangi amaçla olursa olsun, testlerin tamamının veya bir kısmının Merkezimizin yazılı izni olmadan kopya edilmesi,
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testlerin hazırlanmasındaki mali külfeti peşinen kabullenmiş sayılır.
 
2020-YÖKDİL/2/İNGİLİZCE/SOS
İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER
BİL

Bu testte 80 soru vardır.

1.-20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere

4. According to the behaviourist approach to
uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
psychology, learning occurs when a new behaviour
is repeatedly and ---- performed in response to a
given stimulus.
1. Social learning theories are based on the simple but
A) impatiently B) subtly
powerful ---- that people learn by observing other
people.
C) adversely D) preciously
A) familiarity B) equation
E) consistently
C) disapproval D) assumption

E) correspondence

5. Whenever one sees a complex situation from a

different perspective, new and important features of
the situation are often ----.
2. Participant observation is an umbrella term for a
A) revealed B) protected
range of methods to investigate the common ---- of
individuals and groups such as eating and
C) worsened D) restricted
handshaking.
A) failures B) practices E) disturbed

C) sensations D) breakthroughs

E) memorials

6. In order to manage their vast empire, Mongol khans

---- an elaborate postal system in which messages
could travel from Beijing to Tabriz (in Iran) in just a
month.
3. Agricultural societies, in which the domestication of
A) put out B) went through
plants and animals provides a ---- part of human
subsistence, are thought to date back as far as
C) took down D) set up
10,000 BCE.
A) transparent B) misleading E) broke in

C) simultaneous D) substantial

E) desirable

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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7. Ada Lovelace earned her place in history as the first 10. Prized ---- their sweet edible fruits, blueberries grow
computer programmer, but she ---- it without the only ---- highly acidic and well-drained but moist
help of British mathematician Charles Babbage, who soils.
developed a mechanical calculator that ---- nearly A) with / at B) for / in
any mathematical task ordered.
A) should not have done / must perform C) through / around D) amongst / under

B) could not have done / could perform E) from / on

C) might not have done / can perform

D) did not use to do / may perform

E) would not have done / had to perform

11. Around 3600 BCE, ---- reasons that are still

unclear, people ---- Malta and the nearby island of
Gozo began to construct massive limestone temple
complexes and went on to create large underground
burial chambers.

8. By the time the first Europeans ---- in Central A) behind / over B) for / on
America in 1502, the region’s greatest civilisations
---- into the jungle. C) at / from D) through / by

A) were arriving / were already dissipating E) in / across

B) would arrive / are already dissipating

C) were going to arrive / have already dissipated

D) had arrived / already dissipated

E) arrived / had already dissipated

12. ---- you are in extreme poverty and struggling to put
food on the table, studies indicate that even winning
a big lottery payout does not increase happiness for
very long.
A) Given that B) In case C) Unless

D) As long as E) Because
9. ---- the past two decades, self-study of teacher
education practices has become a well-accepted
approach to developing insights ---- teaching as
teacher educators have sought productive ways of
researching their practice.
A) For / with B) Over / into

C) On / towards D) During / against

E) Through / at

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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13. ---- functionalism no longer exists as a school of 16. Our understanding of the Inca Empire comes from
psychology, its basic principles have been absorbed archaeology, early Spanish documents, and a
into psychology and continue to influence it in many handful of native accounts ---- there was no
ways. indigenous system of writing practiced by the Incas.
A) As soon as B) Although A) since B) in case

C) Ever since D) Unless C) whenever D) once

E) In case E) until

14. ---- aptitude tests may help you figure out one 17. The greatest breakthroughs in understanding and
aspect of the puzzle, they do not give you the treating plague came ---- the mid-19th-century
complete picture. developments in germ theory by Louis Pasteur and
A) As if B) Just as C) Given that Robert Koch.

A) unlike B) in contrast with

D) Even though E) Unless
C) as a result of D) as well as

E) in comparison to

15. ---- a child has been identified as having a disability

or considered at risk, there are several intervention
programmes available to support the child.
A) Until B) Once C) Unless 18. ---- various measures taken since the mid-1950s to
protect the Spanish cinema industry against
D) As though E) Because competition, the number of films made in Spain
continued to decline.
A) According to B) Despite

C) Along with D) Except for

E) Unlike

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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19. New research that studied individuals who lost a

loved one in the previous year has found that ----
they talked about the loss with others, ---- likely they
were to become ill during the subsequent year.
A) as / as B) neither / nor

C) the more / the less D) not only / but also

E) whether / or

20. Science fiction is a popular kind of imaginative

literature ---- basic themes include space travel, time
travel, and marvellous discoveries or inventions.
A) that B) when C) at which

D) whose E) to whom

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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21.-25. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yerlere

uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 23.
A) made up for B) stood up to

An instinct is an automatic, involuntary, and unlearned C) caught up on D) came up with

behaviour that occurs in response to a specific trigger or
stimuli. Numerous examples of what we consider human E) got away from
instincts (21)---- in phrases that we use every day: the
maternal instinct, the survival instinct, the killer instinct,
and so on. Instincts motivate us in the sense that we do
what we do (22)---- we have to. Behavioural scientist
James McDougall (23)---- a way to classify some of our
most basic instincts. He stated that instincts are
purposeful and guide our behaviour (24)---- the meeting
of specific goals. In fact, McDougall believed that an
instinct could be identified by first determining what its 24.
intended goal was. Using this notion, he was able to
distribute numerous instincts into categories A) with B) by C) of
(25)---- parenting, seeking food, and mating.
D) toward E) from

21.
A) can be found
25.
B) ought to be found A) in spite of B) such as

C) could have been found C) owing to D) regardless of

D) must be found E) with the aim of

E) used to be found

22.
A) unless B) although

C) because D) whether

E) so that

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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26.-30. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yerlere

uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 28.
A) except for B) as well as

Mahatma Gandhi, one of the most transformative figures C) despite D) owing to

of the 20th century, often stressed how ordinary he
actually was. Yet, he was compelled to constantly E) regardless of
improve himself, morally and spiritually, and this is what
(26)---- him and led him to the heights he reached as a
nationalist leader and religious exemplar. But in his eyes
what he achieved was not extraordinary at all. (27)----, he
thought it could be attained by everyone: ‘I do not
have a doubt that any man or woman can achieve what
I have, if he or she would make the same effort
(28)---- cultivating the same hope and faith.’ Gandhi’s
character was embodied in his strategy of non-violent 29.
resistance, (29)---- satyagraha (holding to the truth). In
the face of injustice, he believed civil disobedience was A) terming
a citizen’s duty. It should have ‘no ill will or hatred
behind it’. The strength of the satyagraha was its B) to term
attempt to engage with opponents and win disputes
(30)---- persuasion, to affect change without creating an C) termed
enemy.
D) to have termed

E) to be termed

26.
A) adopted B) motivated

C) enrolled D) admitted
30.
E) dismissed
A) through B) above

C) towards D) without

E) behind

27.
A) To illustrate B) Otherwise

C) Likewise D) Indeed

E) Even so

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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31.-41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde

33. Just as dinosaurs characterised the Cretaceous
tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
Period, which ended with their extinction 66 million
years ago, ----.
A) studies that aim to find how they went extinct focus on
31. Because young children possess a natural curiosity
the impact of a celestial body as the most probable
about the world, ----.
cause
A) abstract or complex notions begin to make sense
when they reach a certain age B) dinosaurs roamed the planet for millions of years as
the dominant species, much longer than human beings
B) learning experience is a constant source of intrinsic have
pleasure for them
C) human beings consume and use up the natural
C) extreme shyness may prevent them from participating resources at a pace faster than any other species have
in classroom activities in history
D) parents are advised not to harshly criticise their D) many scientists believe we need to designate a new
children based on school success
geologic age, called the Anthropocene, that reflects the
impact of humankind
E) some prefer to spend time with their peers while
others favour playing on their own
E) the Tasmanian tiger, thylacine, was one of the species
of animals that went extinct in the 1900s

32. ----, but the country is predominantly tropical, with

the equator crossing through the northern part of
34. While the automobile provides unprecedented
the country.
personal mobility, ----.
A) Brazil is a vast country in South America with a large
A) the number of vehicles on roads is increasing daily
and ethnically diverse population
around the world
B) Not more than one-fifth of Brazil’s terrain is beyond the
B) this convenience has its costs including traffic
limits of agricultural usefulness
crashes, and the deaths and injuries caused by these
crashes
C) The Amazon basin in Brazil contains the world’s
largest tropical rain forest C) cars are operated by people whose behaviours are
influenced by a multitude of psychological factors
D) Brazil’s geographical diversity makes for a range
of climatic conditions D) traffic safety professionals have been working to
reduce the frequency of motor vehicle crashes for
E) Countless islands are found throughout Brazil’s river decades
systems and in the huge delta of the Amazon
E) an important component of the traffic safety problem is
understanding, predicting, and modifying the
behaviours of drivers

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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35. Death rates have been falling in all Western 37. ----, it was not until only 1995 that extreme sports
countries for decades ----. achieved their highest level of public exposure with
A) so life expectancy is calculated based on the the First Extreme Games.
proportion of deaths at each age A) While most sports now classified as extreme have all
existed for a long time and most have competitions
B) even if big social as well as cultural changes occur
almost in each society B) Given that extreme sports are international with the
Extreme or X Games attracting competitors from
C) although life expectancy was previously climbing by dozens of nations
about three months a year
C) Because what differentiates extreme sports from
D) given that fatalities can be reduced substantially others involves changes in the rules and use of
through mass media coverage of traffic accidents equipment

E) as there have been a number of improvements in D) Although sport climbing is the only extreme sport with
medicine and nutrition separate divisions for men and women

E) Seeing that all extreme sports are individual sports

and involve a greater degree of risk to the athletes

36. While the science of psychology may seem abstract

at times, ----.
A) it also relates to why we are so fascinated with 38. ----, the roots of environmental movements date
celebrities back to the 1800s, when demands for cleaner water
and air became common.
B) it is German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt who is
considered to be the father of the field A) Since they had their origins in the conservation
movement that began a century earlier
C) it is a remarkably varied field with a great number of
subfields B) As long as industrialisation and colonialism sparked
the first environmentalist voices
D) the human mind, the main focus of psychologists, does
not function in isolation C) Once the rapid sweep of resource exploitation aroused
a few opposing voices
E) its implications touch every arena in which people
think, feel, or act D) Even though the term environmentalism was not used
until much later

E) Given that the term 'environmental' appeared during

the second half of the 20th century

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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39. ----, some simple breathing techniques can help you 41. Because ethnicity and race are critical to Southern
lower high levels of anxiety. Africa’s social and economic framework, ----.
A) Though some studies have shown that controlling your A) the region’s main racial features originally appeared in
breathing helps reduce anxiety the Cape Colony and Natal

B) Unlike ancient yoga, which can decrease your anxiety B) colonial boundary-makers generally ignored existing
levels ethnic boundaries

C) While you block your right nostril and keep breathing C) the colonial settlements also produced mixed race
through your left nostril populations

D) Despite the recent growing interest in learning how to D) racial and ethnic struggles tend to be central drivers of
breathe correctly the region’s politics

E) Whether you are an anxious flyer, rushed off your feet E) the 19th century was an especially violent period in
or running late for an appointment South Africa

40. ----, subliminal advertising’s effectiveness is still

uncertain.
A) If its effects are restricted to a select group of people

B) Due to fears that it may influence people

subconsciously

C) In addition to several research studies on advertising

techniques

D) While it has been proven to work to some extent in

some research

E) As several studies have found that subliminal stimuli

can influence behaviour

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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42.-47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye

43. It is of vital importance to learn how to identify
anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.
sources of stress in order to reduce the risk of
seriously impairing our mental health.
A) Ruh sağlığımızı ciddi şekilde bozma riskini azaltmak
42. Since its slave revolution and war of independence,
için stres kaynaklarının nasıl tespit edileceğini
which resulted in the founding of the nation in 1804,
öğrenmek, hayati bir öneme sahiptir.
small-scale agricultural production has dominated
the economy of Haiti. B) Stres kaynaklarının nasıl tespit edileceğini öğrenmek,
A) Köle devrimi ve bağımsızlık savaşı sonrası 1804 ruh sağlığımızı ciddi şekilde bozma riskini azaltma
yılında kurulan Haiti’nin ekonomisine, kuruluşundan konusunda hayati bir önem taşımaktadır.
beri küçük ölçekli tarımsal üretim hâkim olmuştur.
C) Stres kaynaklarının nasıl tespit edileceğini öğrenerek
B) Haiti ekonomisinde küçük ölçekli tarımsal üretim, hayati bir öneme sahip olan ruh sağlığımızı ciddi
1804’te ülkenin kuruluşuyla sonuçlanan köle devrimi şekilde bozma riskini azaltabiliriz.
ve bağımsızlık savaşından itibaren hüküm sürmüştür.
D) Stres kaynaklarının nasıl tespit edileceğini öğrenmek,
ruh sağlığımızı ciddi şekilde bozma riskini azaltacağı
C) Köle devrimi ve bağımsızlık savaşı neticesinde 1804 için hayati bir önem taşımaktadır.
yılında kurulmuş olan Haiti’nin, ekonomisinde en
önemli yerlerden birini küçük ölçekli tarımsal üretim E) Ruh sağlığımızı ciddi şekilde bozma riskini azaltmak
tutmaktadır. hayati bir öneme sahiptir ve bunun için stres
kaynaklarının nasıl tespit edileceğini öğrenmemiz
D) Haiti, 1804’te köle devrimi ve bağımsızlık savaşı gerekir.
sonrasında kurulmuş ve o zamandan beri
ekonomisindeki en büyük pay küçük ölçekli tarımsal
üretimin olmuştur.

E) 1804’te ülkenin kurulmasıyla sonuçlanan köle devrimi

ve bağımsızlık savaşından beri Haiti ekonomisine
küçük ölçekli tarımsal üretim hâkim olmuştur.

44. Novelists explore ethical ideas through the crises

and dilemmas their characters endure, and Tolstoy’s
exploration of happiness evidently falls into this
category.
A) Roman yazarlarının karakterlerin katlandığı krizler ve
ikilemler aracılığıyla etik fikirleri keşfetmesi gibi
Tolstoy’un mutluluğu keşfi de açıkça bu kategoride yer
almaktadır.

B) Roman yazarları, etik fikirleri karakterlerinin tahammül

ettiği krizler ve ikilemler aracılığıyla keşfederler ve
Tolstoy’un mutluluğu keşfi açıkça bu kategoriye girer.

C) Roman yazarları, etik fikirler aracılığıyla karakterlerin

katlandığı krizleri ve ikilemleri keşfeder ve Tolstoy’un
mutluluk keşfi de açıkça bu kategoride yer almaktadır.

D) Etik fikirler, karakterlerin katlandığı krizler ve ikilemler

aracılığıyla roman yazarları tarafından keşfedilir ve
Tolstoy’un mutluluğu keşfetmesi de açıkça bu
kategoridedir.

E) Roman yazarlarının karakterlerin tahammül ettiği

krizler ve ikilemler aracılığıyla keşfettiği etik fikirler ve
Tolstoy’un mutluluğu keşfi açıkça aynı kategoridedir.

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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45. Since the 4th century BCE, the works of Aristotle, 46. Emotional intelligence, which involves the ability to
student to Plato, have profoundly influenced a broad recognise your own emotions as well as the
variety of fields, including the natural sciences, emotions of other people, also has to do with how
logic, and political science. you manage your emotions and other people’s
A) Eserleri MÖ 4. yüzyıldan itibaren doğa bilimleri, mantık emotions.
ve siyaset bilimi gibi pek çok alanı derinden etkilemiş A) Duygusal zekâ yalnızca kendi duygularınızı ve diğer
olan Aristo, Platon’un öğrencisidir. insanların duygularını tanıma yeteneğini kapsamakla
kalmaz, duygularınızı ve diğer insanların duygularını
B) Doğa bilimleri, mantık ve siyaset bilimi dâhil olmak nasıl yönettiğinizle de ilgilenir.
üzere birçok alanı eserleriyle derinden etkileyen Aristo,
MÖ 4. yüzyılda Platon’un öğrencisiydi. B) Hem kendi duygularınızın hem de diğer insanların
duygularının farkında olma anlamına gelen duygusal
C) Aristo, MÖ 4. yüzyılda, Platon’un öğrencisi olarak
zekâya sahip olduğunuzda kendi duygularınızın yanı
eserleriyle doğa bilimleri, mantık ve siyaset bilimi gibi sıra diğer insanların duygularını da yönetebilirsiniz.
birçok alanı büyük ölçüde etkilemiştir.
C) Duygusal zekâ, kendi duygularınızla birlikte
D) MÖ 4. yüzyıldan bu yana doğa bilimleri, mantık ve
başkalarının da duygularını tanıma yeteneğine sahip
siyaset bilimi başta olmak üzere pek çok alanı
olup hem kendi duygularınızı hem de başkalarının
derinden etkilemiş olan Aristo, Platon’un öğrencisidir.
duygularını yönetmekle alakalıdır.
E) Platon’un öğrencisi olan Aristo’nun eserleri, MÖ 4.
yüzyıldan itibaren doğa bilimleri, mantık ve siyaset D) Diğer insanların duygularının yanı sıra kendi
bilimi dâhil olmak üzere pek çok alanı büyük duygularınızın da farkında olma yeteneğini kapsayan
ölçüde etkilemiştir. duygusal zekâ, aynı zamanda duygularınızı ve diğer
insanların duygularını nasıl yönettiğinizle de alakalıdır.

E) Kendi duygularınızı ve diğer insanların duygularını

tanıma yeteneği anlamına gelen duygusal zekâya
sahip insanlar hem kendi duygularını hem de başka
insanların duygularını yönetebilirler.

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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48.-53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca

47. Different societies shared certain common,
en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
fundamental features until about 10,000 years ago as
they all obtained their food, shelter and clothing
roughly the same way.
48. Rönesans, bir zaman diliminden ziyade, belirli
A) Farklı toplumlar yaklaşık 10,000 yıl öncesine kadar belli
fikirlerin hayatın neredeyse tüm alanlarına
ortak temel özellikleri paylaşıyorlardı çünkü tümü
uygulanmasıyla tanımlanan bir dönemdi.
yiyeceğini, barınağını ve giysilerini hemen hemen aynı
şekilde elde ediyorlardı. A) The Renaissance was defined as a period by the
application of certain ideas to almost all aspects of life
B) Toplumlar farklı olsa da 10,000 yıl öncesine kadar rather than a span of time.
temel özellikleri ortaktı çünkü tüm toplumlar kabaca
aynı şekilde yiyecek, barınak ve giysi ihtiyaçlarını B) During the Renaissance, the period was not only
karşılıyorlardı. defined by a span of time but also by the way certain
ideas were applied to almost all aspects of life.
C) Değişik toplumların temel ortak özellikleri neredeyse
10,000 yıl öncesine kadar aynıydı çünkü tümü yiyecek, C) Instead of a span of time, the application of certain
barınak ve giysilerini, kabaca da olsa, aynı şekilde elde ideas to nearly every aspect of life defines the
ediyorlardı. Renaissance as a period.

D) Farklı toplumların hepsi yiyeceklerini, barınaklarını ve D) The Renaissance was a period defined less by a span
giysilerini yaklaşık 10,000 yıl öncesine kadar aynı of time than by the application of certain ideas to
şekilde elde ettiklerinden, belli ortak özellikleri de almost every aspect of life.
neredeyse aynıydı.
E) The definition of the Renaissance was not made by a
E) Değişik toplumlarda izlenen ortak temel özellikler span of time but by applying certain ideas to nearly
neredeyse 10,000 yıl öncesine dayanır çünkü o every aspect of life.
zamanlarda toplumların tümü yiyecek, barınak ve
giysilerini benzer yollarla ediniyordu.

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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49. İlk Avrupalı kâşifler karşılaştıkları her kara 50. Kuzey Amerika’nın yerli halkları 15. yüzyıl sonundaki
parçasının ada olduğunu varsaymışlardır ve kıtalar Avrupalı yerleşimci akınına ittifaktan silahlı direnişe
ile adalar arasındaki ayrım ise ancak 16. yüzyılda kadar çeşitli şekillerde tepki göstermiştir.
yapılmıştır. A) At the end of the 15th century, the ways native
A) Even if the distinction between continents and islands peoples of the North America reacted to the influx of
was eventually made in the 16th century, early European settlers varied from alliance to armed
European explorers believed that every land they resistance.
encountered was an island.
B) Native peoples of the North America reacted to the
B) The distinction between continents and islands could influx of European settlers at the end of the 15th
not be made until the 16th century because early century in varied ways from alliance to armed
European explorers thought every land they resistance.
encountered was an island.
C) The reaction of native peoples of the North America to
C) Early European explorers assumed that every land the influx of European settlers at the end of the 15th
they encountered was an island, and it was not until century varied from alliance to armed resistance.
the 16th century that the distinction between
continents and islands was finally made. D) As the influx of European settlers grew at the end of
the 15th century, native peoples of the North America
D) Because early European explorers considered every reacted to it through alliances and armed resistance.
land they encountered to be an island, it was not
possible to distinguish continents from islands until the E) Native peoples of the North America demonstrated
16th century. their reaction to the influx of European settlers at the
end of the 15th century in various ways including
E) Although it was finally possible to distinguish between alliance and armed resistance.
continents and islands in the 16th century, it was early
explorers who supposed that every land they
encountered was an island.

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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51. Asyalılar 175 yıldan daha fazla bir süredir ABD’de 52. Yaklaşık son 30 yıldır kurumlar; daha fazla esneklik
yaşamaktadırlar, fakat Asya kökenli Amerikalıların sağlamaları ve maliyetleri düşürmeleri sebebiyle
sayıca önemli bir hâle gelmeleri ve toplumlarının ve gittikçe artan bir şekilde yarı zamanlı çalışanlara
konumlarının yeterli ilgiyi çekmesi ancak 19. yüzyılın yönelmiştir.
sonunda olmuştur. A) For almost 30 years now, more and more part-time
A) For over 175 years, Asians have lived in the US, but it employees have been hired by organisations due to
was only in the late 19th century that the Asian the fact that they provide greater flexibility and reduce
Americans became important in number and thus costs.
sufficient attention was given to their society and
position. B) What has made organisations turn to part-time
employees for the past 30 years or so is the fact that
B) It was not earlier than the late 19th century that Asian they provide greater flexibility and reduce costs.
Americans became numerically significant and
sufficient attention was paid to their society and C) With their ability to provide greater flexibility and
position although Asians have lived in the US for more reduce costs, part-time employees have been
than 175 years. increasingly preferred by organisations during the past
30 years or so.
C) Asians have lived in the US for over 175 years, yet it
was not until the late 19th century that the Asian D) Since part-time employees have provided greater
Americans became numerically significant and their flexibility and reduced costs during the past 30 years,
society and position attracted sufficient attention. organisations have increasingly preferred them.

D) Asians had lived in the US for more than 175 years E) For the past 30 years or so, organisations have
when sufficient attention was paid to the society and increasingly turned to part-time employees because
position of the Asian Americans during the late 19th they provide greater flexibility and reduce costs.
century, with their numbers becoming significant.

E) Asian Americans became numerically so important

that their society and position received sufficient
attention in the late 19th century, though Asians
have lived in the US for over 175 years.

53. Bal, şeker ithalatı başlayana kadar en iyi tatlandırıcı

olduğu için arıcılık Orta Çağ Avrupası’nda oldukça
önemli bir işti.
A) Because honey was the best sweetener until sugar
import began, beekeeping was a very important task in
Europe’s Middle Ages.
B) Before sugar import started, honey was the best
sweetener, thus beekeeping was a very important task
in Europe’s Middle Ages.

C) Until sugar import began, beekeeping remained a very

important task in Europe’s Middle Ages thanks to
honey, which was then the best sweetener.

D) The reason why beekeeping was such an important

task in Europe’s Middle Ages was that honey was the
best sweetener until sugar started to be imported.
E) Because honey continued to be the best sweetener
until sugar began to be imported, beekeeping was
such an important task in Europe’s Middle Ages.

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

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54.-59. sorularda, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü

sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek 55. There is a popular misconception that medieval food
cümleyi bulunuz. had less variety than modern food, possibly due to
the number of new ingredients introduced to the
cuisine after the discovery of the New World.
54. As early humans moved out of Africa and into ---- Not only did they consume domestic livestock
colder, more hostile climates, they were confronted such as cows, sheep, pigs, chicken, geese, and
with the problem of keeping warm. ---- From this ducks, but they also hunted game such as deer,
basic need developed the rich and varied dress of boars, rabbits, and wildfowl. Commoners were
the world’s peoples. As societies began to develop, generally not supposed to hunt, but they often
many other factors determined the specific dress of poached rabbits and wildfowl in defiance of the
a region or a culture, including technological levels, laws.
relative affluence, class and hierarchy, migration,
war, religion, and industrialisation. A) At the bottom of the economic scale, people were
suffering from undernutrition due to lack of food.
A) The earliest forms of dress were probably animal
skins, at first used in their original shapes and later B) For most of the people, protein came less from meat
modified to fit the human form. than from eggs, butter, and cheese.
B) Clothing that mirrored social divisions and defined C) The range of foods was less diverse than it is today
subcultures allowed an immediate visual determination because of the difficulties of preservation.
of the wearer’s place and status.
D) Tomato and potato were among the popular foods
C) Without a thick coat of hair to protect them from the
introduced to the medieval cuisine.
elements they had to create an artificial means of
retaining body heat in order to survive. E) Yet, the 14th-century aristocracy ate a much greater
range of meats than is common today.
D) The first woven garments were probably simple
rectangles or squares of fabric wrapped around the
body.

E) Early clothing was shaped not only by climate and

environment, but also by the materials that were
available to make clothes.

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56. High-yield seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, tractors, and 57. In the United States and many Western societies,
motorised well pumps have hugely increased crop autonomy and individualism are the guiding
yields since the 1960s in India. Once struck philosophies. Individuals are socialised and
by famines, India feeds itself today. Its farmers sell reinforced to be self-sufficient and independent, and
the world torrents of grains and fruits. ---- personal success and achievement are highly
Agricultural chemicals have poisoned entire river valued. Conversely, Asian cultures are characterised
systems, possibly contributing to hot spots of as collectivistic. ---- Roles are interdependent and
diseases like cancer. Moreover, unsustainable inextricably woven into social structures. Therefore,
harvests have resulted in a great loss of large a decision made by an individual must take into
quantities of groundwater. account the whole rather than merely the
A) For example, Punjabi farmers produce nearly a individual’s needs.
quarter of India’s wheat. A) Successes and failures are due to the blessings or
anger of their ancestors.
B) Thus, devastating famines, coupled with political
instability, led the country into turmoil. B) In other words, one’s identity, behaviours, and
successes are rooted in collective units such as the
C) In addition, excessive mining of sand from riverbeds family and community.
has destroyed aquatic habitats.
C) Shameful behaviours do not merely reflect on the
D) But this stunning victory against hunger has come at a individual but ultimately on his/her entire family,
huge cost. lineage, and even community.

E) With its Green Revolution, India has made a D) However, the concept of independence and societal
spectacular agricultural breakthrough. norms can take on different connotations in different
cultures.

E) Positive and negative behaviours are believed to

impact future generations in Western culture.

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58. DNA detective work has revealed the ancient origins 59. Most historians believe the first Central Americans
of the domesticated watermelon. Its wild were people from Asia who migrated around 20,000
counterparts found in parts of Africa are nothing like years ago across the Bering Strait from Russia and
domesticated varieties. They are small, round and down through the Americas. ---- Either way, things
have white flesh with a very bitter taste due to got decidedly more tense for the region in the next
compounds called cucurbitacins. ---- However, few thousand years. Natural disasters, such as
pictures on the walls of at least three ancient hurricanes, volcanic eruptions and mudslides,
Egyptian tombs depict what look like watermelons – destroyed settlements, while rival city-states battled
including one that looks strikingly like modern each other. Then the Europeans showed up, with
varieties. the first Spanish settlement established in Panama
A) In the 19th century, watermelon leaves were found in 1509.
placed on a mummy in a tomb dating back around A) Others argue that seafaring Asians crossed to
3500 years. present-day California only about 11,000 years ago.
B) We do not know much about when and where they B) Most of the ‘Indians’ who met the Spanish lived in
were domesticated. small tribes, as corn farmers or hunter-gatherers.
C) One ancient Egyptian picture is of what appears to be C) The first European settlement in Central America was
an elongated melon, so it seems farmers had bred established in a region near Panama in 1509.
watermelons at least 3500 years ago.
D) In some parts of Central America, one can still trace
D) The DNA also reveals that the ancient watermelon
several remnants from the Asian migrants.
was closely related to a sweet watermelon still grown
in the Darfur region of Sudan. E) To many historians, how the region was populated is
E) The watermelon was first grown by farmers in Sudan still a mystery that needs to be unearthed.
and use of the plant spread northwards along the
Nile.

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60.-65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda

parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi 62. (I) Archaeologists have used remains and nutrient
bulunuz. analyses of wild plants and animal foods consumed by
hunter-gatherers that survived into our age to estimate
the dominant composition of prevailing pre-agricultural
60. (I) Social informatics is a term that lies at the intersection diets. (II) The enormous diversity of hunter-gatherer
between information technology and social science. societies – ranging from maritime hunters to foragers in
(II) Over the past few decades, particularly since the arid environments – means that there has never been a
early 1990s, there have been dramatic advances in single typical hunter-gatherer diet. (III) These
information technologies. (III) It has two distinct reconstructions conclude that plant foods, generally
meanings; in the first, social informatics consists of the consumed within hours after being gathered, supplied
study of the impacts of information and communication 65 to 70 percent of all food energy. (IV) Proteins made
technology (ICT) on society. (IV) In the second, it up about a third of food energy, and lipids about 20
consists of the use of ICT to advance research in social percent. (V) Average intakes of vitamins and minerals
science. (V) In the second case, social informatics were generally well above the modern recommended
sometimes is contracted to socioinformatics. daily allowances (RDA).
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

61. (I) Ships were invented before the beginning of recorded 63. (I) Seen in terms of world history, Columbus achieved a
history. (II) The Egyptians developed true sails by 3500 great deal. (II) His voyages demonstrated that
BCE and the first sail-only boats were being used by the Atlantic could be crossed and recrossed in relative
2000 BCE. (III) For almost 4,000 years the leading safety. (III) However, just as we cannot draw a precise
technological developments involved refinements in map of Columbus’s travels, we do not know the extent
sails and the design of larger and more powerful of his formal knowledge of geography and related
ships. (IV) The 19th century brought the development of matters. (IV) This fact, in turn, encouraged others to
steam power; after that time ships driven by extend the range of exploring expeditions, eventually
electricity, fossil fuels, and even nuclear energy were leading to the Spanish explorer Balboa’s discovery of
developed. (V) Throughout history, ships have served as the Pacific Ocean in 1513. (V) The discovery of the
unifying forces, promoting multilateralism and cultural extent of the oceans radically transformed the European
diversity through trade. conception of the Earth’s surface, making it possible to
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V sail to all corners of the Earth.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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64. (I) Burning herbs for purification, grounding and to drive

away negative energies is common in many cultures.
(II) Ancient Egyptians and Greeks burned herbs as an
offering to the gods. (III) In China, also, the Naxi people
have a custom that involves burning incense made from
sacred plants and herbs. (IV) To deepen this historical
practice, one can grow his/her own herbs such as wild
ones in the forests. (V) They do not do it to make a room
fragrant or to meditate, but the effort of creating the
incense makes its burning an important ritual for the
Chinese; a way of giving back.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

65. (I) The history of playing cards is lost in the mists of

time. (II) Some claim they were the invention of the
ancient Chinese, others that they were first used in
Ancient Egypt. (III) India has also been put forward as
the place where they originated. (IV) There are perhaps
links with the Crusaders who may have learned about
them from the Saracens, who may have used them to
divine the future since the eighth century AD. (V) The
first cards to arrive in Britain came from France five
hundred years ago, and the design of the cards is still
based on a pattern used all those years ago.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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66.-68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre

cevaplayınız. 67. The author mentions the cases of measles in
England in order to ----.
A) demonstrate how hazardous the measles vaccine
Conspiracy theories seem shot-through with paranoia, really is
and there is evidence to suggest that the more paranoid
someone is, the more they tend to believe these B) illustrate that those ‘in the know’ can avoid dangerous
theories. However, studies point out that this does not vaccines
refer to severe ‘clinical level’ paranoia, even for those
who believe in theories as unreasonable as the Earth C) prove that conspiracy theorists are just trying to stay
being flat instead of a globe. Most conspiracy theories safe
are mundane, everyday suspicions that we all have to
some extent – not outlandish levels. Recent studies D) argue that people who are against vaccines are not
have also found that people who are more likely to actually paranoid
believe in conspiracy theories also tend to have a need
for uniqueness – a desire to be part of the small group E) show how harmful certain conspiracy theories can be
of people who are ‘in the know’. Conspiracy theories can
seem pretty harmless, but in July 2018, Public Health
England announced that more than 750 cases of
measles had been identified across England so far this
year, because a theory was put forth by conspiracy
theorists about the dangers of the measles vaccine. It is
important to note that conspiratorial thinking exists
within all of us. These habits of mind can creep into a lot
of beliefs that do not necessarily look like conspiracy 68. What the author finds most concerning about
theories on the surface. In other words, perhaps the conspiracy theories is that ----.
most dangerous thing of all is to assume that conspiracy
theorists are all other people. A) conspiracy theorists should be considered ‘clinically’
paranoid

B) most people strongly feel the need to be unique

C) conspiratorial thinking aims to understand the world

66. Which of the following best describes the author’s D) conspiracy theorists serve a useful role in society
attitude towards the flat Earth theory?
E) any one of us can actually be a conspiracy theorist
A) Critical B) Indifferent

C) Sympathetic D) Neutral

E) Approving

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69.-71. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre

cevaplayınız. 70. One can understand from the passage that in
France, ----.
A) the performance of the average 18-year-old man on a
In 1987, political scientist James Flynn of the University reasoning test got better in time
of Otago in New Zealand documented a curious
phenomenon: broad intelligence gains in multiple B) the youngsters in 1974 had far worse results when
human populations over time. Across 14 countries compared to the ones in 1949
where average IQ scores of large numbers of people in
the population were available for decades, all had an C) the increase in IQ scores were not reliable due to the
upward trend, some of them had a dramatic increase. faulty intelligence tests
Children in Japan, for example, gained an average of 20
points on a test known as the Wechsler Intelligence D) the average 18-year-old man in 1974 got 25 points
Scale for Children between 1951 and 1975. In France, more than his Japanese peers
the average 18-year-old man performed 25 points better
on a reasoning test in 1974 than did his 1949 E) the average IQ test scores of the average 18-year-old
counterpart. Flynn initially suspected the trend reflected man worsened over years
faulty tests. Yet in the ensuing years, more data and
analyses supported the idea that human intelligence
was increasing over time. Proposed explanations for the
phenomenon, now known as the Flynn effect, include
increasing education, better nutrition, and greater use of
technology. However, beginning with people born in the
1970s, the trend has reversed in some Western
European countries, deepening the mystery of what is
behind the generational variations. But no consensus 71. According to the passage, for people born around
has emerged on the underlying cause of these trends. and after 1970s in some Western European
countries, ----.
A) performance on IQ tests has got better thanks to
improvements in education, health and technology

B) scientists have started to believe that human

intelligence is subject to change over time

69. According to the passage, James Flynn ----. C) the overall results of young people in basic reasoning
tests have worsened due to poor nutrition
A) revealed that all the countries studied had sharp
increases in IQ scores
D) the average performance in intelligence tests has
begun to decrease
B) had already analysed several IQ tests carried out
especially in Western Europe by 1987
E) the factors causing the general variations have been
better understood
C) observed an increase in average IQ scores from past
to the present in the 14 countries he studied

D) tested the claim whether people become more

intelligent as they age

E) is the first scientist to conduct a study on the increase

of IQ scores

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72.-74. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre

cevaplayınız. 73. It can be inferred from the passage that the Soviets
----.

When the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) came to A) opened their doors to sociologists fleeing from China
national power in 1949, some Chinese sociologists left
the country but most remained. Initially, those who B) did not recognise sociology as a field of study in their
remained were optimistic that their skills would be useful own regime
to the new government. Experience in community
fieldwork and an orientation toward studying social C) sent sociologists to China to help design its own
problems seemed to make Chinese sociologists natural methods of social investigations
allies of those constructing a planned social order.
These hopes disappeared quickly in 1952 when the D) forced the CCP to abolish sociology and expel
CCP abolished the field of sociology. That decision was sociologists from the country
motivated by the CCP’s desire to follow the Soviet
model. The CCP argued that it had developed its own E) offered aid to the CCP in achieving its goal of rising to
methods of ‘social investigations’ during the political power
revolutionary process, with Mao Zedong playing a
leading role in this development. This approach
stressed basic investigations designed to further official
revolutionary or economic goals of the CCP rather than
any sort of search for objective truth. Chinese
sociologists, trained in a different tradition and looking
for objective truth to raise questions about the CCP’s
policies, were seen as a threat to the ideological
hegemony of the new regime. 74. What can be understood from the passage about
Mao Zedong?
A) He feared that sociologists seeking objective truth
could harm the new regime.

B) He took more interest in meeting the CCP’s

revolutionary objectives than economic ones.
72. According to the passage, which of the following is C) He was the one who gave hope to Chinese
true about the CCP? sociologists in the first place.
A) It tried hard to prevent Chinese sociologists from
leaving the country. D) He desired to transform the mindset of the remaining
sociologists radically.
B) It refused to ally itself with sociologists before taking
control of the country. E) He copied the Soviet model to introduce valuable
insights into the study of sociology.
C) It made extensive use of contributions of sociologists,
as expected by them.

D) It disappointed sociologists who stayed in China after

rising to power.

E) It wanted to collaborate with sociologists who focused

mainly on social problems.

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75.-77. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre

cevaplayınız. 76. Paula Byrne describes Austen as someone who ----.
A) was typical of English writers at the time

Was Jane Austen a shy, gentle country girl, happy to B) was aware of the importance of social skills
write her romantic novels in the peace and quiet of the
family house, or was she an independent business C) was reluctant to express her feelings in letters
woman determined to achieve fame? This question has
provoked much debate over the past decades and will D) avoided literary clichés as much as possible
no doubt continue to resurface. Frustratingly, little is
known about Austen, who died tragically young, at the E) was sophisticated and aware of the world outside
age of 41. Much of the evidence we have of her life is in
the form of the many letters she wrote to family and
friends, which offer a unique insight into the daily life of
the novelist, but little about her thoughts and feelings.
Paula Byrne, who has written two books on Austen, has
never been a subscriber to the cosy cliché of Austen
scribbling her novels in the safety of her cottage.
Instead, she wants people to see her as she really
was; an independent woman in Georgian England who 77. Which of the following is implied by the underlined
was well-travelled, socially adept and far more in touch
sentence in the passage?
with her world than has previously been assumed.
Austen died in 1817 leaving what may have been her A) Jane Austen’s role in Georgian England
finest novel unfinished. No matter how one views Jane
Austen, there is no doubt she had so much more to offer B) Jane Austen’s well-known novels
the world.
C) The private life of Jane Austen

D) The early death of Jane Austen

E) Jane Austen’s frustrations in life

75. According to the author, many people have

questioned ----.
A) why so little is known about Austen even today

B) why Austen wished to be famous in her lifetime

C) what kind of a person Austen really was

D) why Austen’s books trigger debate in literary circles

E) what genre Austen’s books fall into

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78.-80. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre

cevaplayınız. 79. Which of the following is true about ancient Egypt?
A) It was possible for most free Egyptians to become very
rich.
Ancient Egyptian society was composed of three
classes, one of which consisted of 'free people.' Free B) Free people were not allowed to work for the
Egyptian citizens – both male and female – possessed government.
two defining rights: they were free to travel and to enter
into contractual agreements. Although they enjoyed no C) Marriage ceremonies usually involved a priest.
other rights of modern societies, their right to make
contracts permitted members of this group to own D) Marriages were religious conventions accompanied by
property and marry. Serfs and slaves were also an agreement.
permitted possessions, but they could not transfer
them without a contract – only the free class could E) The family of the bride was one party of the marital
acquire and sell animals, property and buildings as they contract.
wished. Though most free people earned just enough to
live on, some accumulated wealth, and a few even
earned high positions in government. Whether rich or
poor, any free person had the right to marriage.
Marriage was not a religious matter in Egypt – no
ceremony involving a priest took place – but simply a
social convention that required an agreement, that is, a
contract, negotiated by the suitor and the family of his
prospective wife. The agreement made an exchange of 80. The marriage contract ----.
objects of value necessary on both sides. The
agreement also specified what property belonged to the A) required the exchange of valuable gifts by each party
woman and what belonged to the man, as well
as stating who would inherit what on the death of either B) ensured all mutual property owned by the couple
party. In some cases, a written contract was executed transferred to the woman
before witnesses, in others only a verbal agreement
took place. C) did not address the possible death of either the
husband or the wife

D) was only legally valid if executed in front of witnesses

E) was handled exclusively by the family of the

prospective wife

78. According to the passage, free Egyptian citizens ----.

A) had as many rights as a free citizen in a modern
society

B) enjoyed certain rights regardless of gender

C) needed a contract to sell and buy possessions

belonging to serfs

D) could sell property just the same as slaves and serfs

E) were required to have a contract in order to travel

TEST BİTTİ.
  24 CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.
 
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2020 - YÖKDİL/2

28-02-2021

İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER

1. D 48. D
2. B 49. C
3. D 50. B
4. E 51. C
5. A 52. E
6. D 53. A
7. B 54. C
8. E 55. E
9. B 56. D
10. B 57. B
11. B 58. B
12. C 59. A
13. B 60. B
14. D 61. E
15. B 62. B
16. A 63. C
17. C 64. D
18. B 65. E
19. C 66. A
20. D 67. E
21. A 68. E
22. C 69. C
23. D 70. A
24. D 71. D
25. B 72. D
26. B 73. B
27. D 74. A
28. B 75. C
29. C 76. E
30. A 77. D
31. B 78. B
32. D 79. E
33. D 80. A
34. B
35. E
36. E
37. A
38. D
39. E
40. D
41. D
42. E
43. A
 
44. B
45. E
46. D
47. A