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Lab 2

The document provides an overview of working with matrices in MATLAB. It describes how to define matrices, access matrix elements, perform basic arithmetic operations on matrices, and use MATLAB's built-in matrix functions. It also demonstrates how to solve systems of linear equations using matrices and MATLAB commands.

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Muhammad Samay Ellahi
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77 views

Lab 2

The document provides an overview of working with matrices in MATLAB. It describes how to define matrices, access matrix elements, perform basic arithmetic operations on matrices, and use MATLAB's built-in matrix functions. It also demonstrates how to solve systems of linear equations using matrices and MATLAB commands.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Samay Ellahi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab-2

Working with Matrices in Matlab


2.1 Objective

• To give overview related to operating with matrices


• To understand built in matrix-functions
• To calculate drug concentrations by solving system of linear equations

2.2 Matrices

At its simplest, a MATLAB array is a one-dimensional (1-D) list of data elements. Matrices can also be
defined, which are two-dimensional (2-D) arrays. In this case we use semi-colons to separate the rows
in the matrix, for example:

>> a = [1 2; 3 4];

>> b = [2, 4; 1, 3];

As with 1-D arrays, the row elements of matrices can be delimited by either spaces or commas. Note
also that we can press <RETURN> to move to a new line in the middle of defining an array (either 1-D
or 2-D). MATLAB will not process the array definition until we have closed the array with the character.

MATLAB matrix elements can be accessed in the same way as 1-D array elements, except that two
indices need to be specified, one index for the row and one index for the column:

>> a(1,2)

>> b(2,2)

If we want to access an entire row or column of a matrix we can use the colon operator

>> a(:,2)

>> b(1,:)

MATLAB also provides several built-in functions specifically intended for use with matrices, and these
are summarized in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Matlab Built-in Matrix Functions


2.3 Linear Algebra Operations

As well as storing and accessing 2-D data, matrices allow us to perform a range of different linear
algebra operations. The following code illustrates the use of some of the common MATLAB matrix
operations.

c = a*b

d=a+b

e = inv(a)

f = transpose(b)

Here, the and + operators automatically perform matrix multiplication and addition because their
arguments are both matrices. To explicitly request that an operation is carried out elementwise, we
use a ‘.’ before the operator. For example, note the difference between the following two commands,

c = a*b

d = a .*b

Here, d is the result of element-wise multiplication of a and b whilst c is the result of carrying out
matrix multiplication. Note that element-wise addition/subtraction are the same as matrix addition/
subtraction so there is no need to use a dot operator with + and -.

Finally, matrices can also be used to solve systems of linear equations such as:

Figure 2.1

Then, the system of equations can be solved by pre-multiplying by the inverse of the first matrix to
solve x1 and x2:

Figure 2.2

The following MATLAB code implements the solution to the system of linear equations given above.
Enter the commands in MATLAB to find the values of x1 and x2.

M = [5 1; 6 3];

y = [5; 9];

x = inv(M) * y
2.4 Tasks

2.4.1 Define 2-D Matlab array of 5 elements each and perform the four basic arithmetic
operations on it. Paste the out of the results below

>> a = [1 2 3 4 5; 6 7 8 9 0]

a=

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 0

>> a+2

ans =

3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 2

>> a-2

ans =

-1 0 1 2 3

4 5 6 7 -2

>> a.*2

ans =

2 4 6 8 10

12 14 16 18 0

>> a./2

ans =

0.5000 1.0000 1.5000 2.0000 2.5000

3.0000 3.5000 4.0000 4.5000 0

2.4.2 As you have defined 2-D array previously access elements on following indexes:

• First row fourth column.


• Second row first column
• First row third column
• All rows of second column
>> a(1,4)

ans =

>> a(2,1)

ans =

>> a(1,3)

ans =

>> a(:,2)

ans =

2.4.3 Make two 2-D matrices of your own choice and perform following operations on it:

• Multiply one matrix with zeros matrix of same size


• Divide one matrix with one matrix of same size
• Addition of one matrix with random number matrix
• Transpose and inverse of two matrices

>> a = [1 2 3 4 5; 6 7 8 9 10]

a=

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

>> b = [10 9 8 7 6; 5 4 3 2 1]

b=

10 9 8 7 6

5 4 3 2 1

>> c = zeros(2,5)

c=

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0
>> d = rand(2,5)

d=

0.8147 0.1270 0.6324 0.2785 0.9575

0.9058 0.9134 0.0975 0.5469 0.9649

>> a.*c

ans =

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

>> a./b

ans =

0.1000 0.2222 0.3750 0.5714 0.8333

1.2000 1.7500 2.6667 4.5000 10.0000

>> b+d

ans =

10.8147 9.1270 8.6324 7.2785 6.9575

5.9058 4.9134 3.0975 2.5469 1.9649

>> transpose(a)

ans =

1 6

2 7

3 8

4 9

5 10

>> transpose(b)

ans =

10 5

9 4

8 3

7 2

6 1
Inverse can’t be taken. Because MATLAB demands a matrix must be a square matrix so that its inverse
can be calculated.

>> a = [2 5; 7 4]

a=

2 5

7 4

>> inv(a)

ans =

-0.1481 0.1852

0.2593 -0.0741

>> b = [8 3; 9 6]

b=

8 3

9 6

>> inv(b)

ans =

0.2857 -0.1429

-0.4286 0.3810

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