1.3.

Chartering modes

v Tram shipping
- Voyage charter party (Hợp đồng thuê tàu chuyến)
- Bill of lading issued under voyage charter party (Vận đơn theo hợp đồng
thuê tàu chuyến)

1
1.3. Chartering modes
v Voyage charter (Tàu chuyến)
- Voyage Charter party – CP (Hợp đồng thuê tàu chuyến)
A voyage charter party is a type of contract for the carriage of goods
by sea, in which the carrier undertakes to carry the goods from one
or more ports and deliver them to the consignee at one or more
other ports, and the charterer commits to pay the freight as the two
parties have agreed in the charter party.
(Hợp đồng thuê tàu chuyến là một loại hợp đồng chuyên chở hàng
hoá bằng đường biển, trong đó người chuyên chở cam kết chuyên
chở hàng hoá từ một hay nhiều cảng này và giao cho người nhận ở
một hay nhiều cảng khác, còn người đi thuê tàu cam kết trả tiền
cước thuê tàu đúng như hai bên đã thoả thuận trong hợp đồng).
Standard form of CP (HĐ thuê tàu mẫu)
⎼ GENCON: a standard voyage charter party for carriage of general cargo and
other types of goods. GENCON is issued by BIMCO (1992, 1974, 1976,
1994). Other standard voyage charter parties: NUVOY, SCANCON, ..
⎼ Forms of charter parties used for the carriage of certain types of goods:
• Petroleum: Exxoonvoy 1969, Mobilvoy 96, Shellvoy 5, As
Bantankvoy, Gasvoy, …
• Coal: Medcon, Sovcoal 1962, Polcoalvoy 1971, Amwelsh, …
• Ore: Orevoy, Sovoreco.
• Grain: Nograin 89, Auswheat, Baltimore Berth Grain C/P, Pacific
Coast Grain C/P.
• Cement: Cemenco
• Sugar: Cuba Sugar C/P, Mauritius Sugar C/P, …
Contents of a voyage charter party

1. Parties in the voyage charter party (Điều khoản về chủ

thể HĐ)
- Name, address, telephone number, fax number of the parties
(ship owner/carrier and charterer)
- Signature on the charter party
“It is day multually agreed between … as the shipowners and
…as the Charterer that Former shall arrange space and the Latter
shall accept to load their cargo on the following terms and
conditions” hoặc nếu ký hợp đồng thông qua đại lý: “It is day
mutually agreed between Transport and Chartering Corporation
… on behalf of … as the Shipowners and Vinacimex … as the
Charterer…”
2. Ship Clause (Điều khoản về con tàu)
- Ship's name, nationality, year of construction, place of construction, flag, ship's
engine, gross tonnage, bulk cargo capacity, package cargo capacity, draft,
length of the ship, width of the ship, speed, the structure of the ship (single deck
or multiple decks), the number of crew members, the position of the ship at the
time of signing the contract, the number of cranes and the lifting capacity, …
- Agreement on a replacement ship (substitute sister ship) in case the designated
vessel cannot arrive.
3. Layday clause (Điều khoản về thời gian tàu đến cảng xếp hàng)
- The time the ship arrives at the port of loading is the time that the ship must
be at the port and ready to load.
- There are two ways to specify:
• Specify a specific date: on 8th March 2022, the ship must arrive at Da
Nang port.
• Specify a period of time: The Vessel arrives at Hai Phong port to
receive goods between 8th and 14th March, 2022.
- If the ship arrives late or the vessel is not ready to load on March 8th or
March 14th, the charterer is entitled to cancel the contract and claim
compensation if any (cancelling date).
- The vessel is considered to have arrived at the port and is ready to
load/unload:
• When the ship enters the commercial area of the port (Port Charter) or the
ship has docked at the specified berth (Berth Charter).
• The ship is ready for loading and unloading in all aspects: completing the
procedures to enter the port (customs, border guard, sanitary and
epidemiological, free practique...), ready for technical conditions (cleaning of
cargo holds, full cranes). , ….).
• Notice of Readiness (NOR): given by the shipowner to the charterer (at the
port of departure) or consignee (at the port of destination) appropriately.
- Cases:
• The ship arrives at the port before the specified time
• The ship arrives at the port on time, but there is no cargo to load/ unload
on/from the ship
• The ship arrives at the port later than the specified time
- After the ship arrives at the port before the specified time (ex: 7th March 2022), the
carrier has no right to ask charterer to load the cargo. If the charterer is ready and wants to
load the cargo, he can finish the loading before specified time and can be rewarded by the
carrier.
- If the ship arrives at the port on time (ex: 8th March 2022), the charterer has 5 days to load the
cargoes. If the finish the loading before specified time and can be rewarded by the carrier.
Otherwise, he can be fined/punished by the carrier.
- If the ship arrives at the port later than the specified time, the charterer can cancel the contract
and fine the carrier.
4. Cargo clause (Điều khoản về hàng hóa )
Name of the goods, type of packaging, markings, quantity, weight, volume,
dangerous nature of the goods (if any) ...
For example:
Cargo name: Rice and/or wheat; coal and/or cement.
Rice and/or any lawful good.
Before loading, the carrier must be informed of cargo name.
- Quantity: usually specified tolerance
For example:
• Minimum 9,000 MT but not more than 10,000 MT
• “10,000 MT 5% MOLOO” (more or less at Owner’s option)
5. Loading/Discharging Port Clause (Điều khoản về cảng xếp và cảng dỡ)
Specific regulations on berth number, port name (for example, berth number 1 at
Cat Lai port).
General regulation:
• General agreement: any safe berth
“One safe berth, Cat Lai port”.
(Note: Shifting expenses)
For example:
Loading port: 1-2 SB 1 SP QATAR
Discharging port: 1-2 SB 1 SP HCM
(Safe berth; safe port)
Who is responsible for designating the port?
- When the specific port of loading/unloading is unknown:
The port of discharge is one of the Nordic ports or one of the ports located
between the port of Amsterdam and the port of Hamburg.
(Cảng dỡ hàng là trong những cảng Bắc Âu hay một trong những cảng nằm trong
khu vực giữa cảng Amsterdam và cảng Hamburg).
Safe Port (Cảng an toàn )
- Technical: the proper depth so that the ship can enter and exit safely and stay
afloat or the ship bottoms but remains safe
- Politics: the port is not located in an area with hostilities, armed conflicts or
strikes.
(Kỹ thuật: độ sâu thích hợp để tàu có thể ra vào an toàn và luôn nổi hoặc tàu
chạm đáy nhưng vẫn an toàn.
Chính trị: cảng không nằm trong khu vực có chiến sự, xung đột vũ trang, đình
công).
6. Freight Clause (Điều khoản về cước phí)
Freight: is the amount of money that the charterer pays the
carrier to transport his goods.
⎼ Rate of freight (Mức cước ): là số tiền tính trên mỗi đơn vị
tính cước (Freight Unit).
⎼ Freight Unit (Đơn vị tính cước): MT, LT, ST, Galon, cft,
cbm (m3) .
⎼ Chargeable weight (Trọng lượng tính cước)
• Intaken quantity (bill of lading quantity)
• Delivered quantity (2% discount in Liew of weighting)
⎼ Freight unit (Đồng tiền tính cước ): USD is popularly used.
- Time to pay the freight (Thời gian trả cước)
• Freight Prepaid (Tiền cước trả trước)
“Freight payable within 5 banking days after signing and releasing
B/L and nonreturnable ship and/or cargo lost or no lost”.
• Freight to Collect (Tiền cước được trả sau)
ü Freight payable on commencement of discharge (Trả khi bắt
đầu dỡ hàng).
ü Freight payable concurrent with discharge (Trả đồng thời với
việc dỡ hàng).
ü Freight payable on completion of discharge (Trả khi dỡ hàng
xong)
ü Freight payable on right and true delivery of the cargo (Trả
sau khi giao hàng xong).
- Time to pay the freight (Thời gian trả cước)
• Freight is partially prepaid and partially to collect
“80% of freight to be paid within 3 banking days after completion of loading,
signing and releasing B/L. The remaining freight to be paid after completion
of unloading”.
(80% tiền cước sẽ được trả trong vòng 3 ngày ngân hàng sau khi xếp xong
hàng, ký và giao vận đơn. Phần còn lại sẽ được trả khi dỡ hàng xong).
Note:
- Freight to be considered as earned upon shipment and must be paid and non
returnable ship and/or cargo lost or no lost.
(Cước phí: được xem như tiền thu nhập về chuyên chở khi bốc hàng lên tàu và trả
hàng không phụ thuộc vào việc tàu và hàng bị mất hay không bị mất).
- Other provisions: payment currency, payment currency exchange rate, payment
location, payment method, advance freight (tiền cước phí ứng trước) are also
important to be agreed in the contract to avoid future disputes.
- Agreements on cost of loading, unloading, stowage, trimming
• According to liner terms: the ship owner must bear all costs of loading,
unloading, stowage, trimming goods in the holds.
• Exempting both loading and unloading costs (Free In and Out - FIO): ship
owners are exempt from both loading and unloading costs at both ports.
• Free in Loading Charges (Free in - FI): the ship owner is exempt from
responsibility and costs of loading the goods onto the vessel at the port of
departure but must bear the responsibility and costs of unloading at the port of
destination. (FILO - Free in liner out).
• Free discharge (Free Out - FO): the owner of the ship is exempt from
responsibility and costs of unloading the goods from the ship at the port of
destination but must be responsible for and the costs of loading the goods onto
the vessel.
For example: Freight rate: 25USD/MT FIOST; 30USD/MT FOS
- Sales contract: FOB (Incoterms 2020)
• Buyer charters ship
• Seller delivers goods on board
• Cost of unloading from ship: buyer bears
Charter party: FO; FI; FIO, FIOS, FIOT?
- Sales contract: CIF (FOB Incoterms 2020)
• Seller charters ship
• The seller loads the goods onto the ship
• Buyer: unload the goods from the ship
Charter party: FI, FO, FIO, FIOS, FIOT?