Year 8 Term 6 Russia Knowledge Organiser
Year 8 Term 6 Russia Knowledge Organiser
Geography Knowledge: Russia
Russia Key Facts Russia’s Ecosystems
There are four biomes distributed across Russia.
Russia (The Russian Federation)is the Largest country in the world. It cover 1/10th of ALL the land on the earth. Temperate forest (Red) Taiga Tundra
Russia twice the size of Canada (2nd biggest country in the world) and is the 70 times the size of the UK.
Taiga (Green) Coniferous forest The coldest of all biomes
Russia is so large that it spans across two continents (Asia and Europe). It is mostly in Asia, but most people live
in the European part. Steppe (Orange) Made up of pines, larch's, spruce It is too cold for trees to grow
The Ural Mountains physically separate Asia and Europe. Tundra (yellow) The largest biome in the world Located in the north‐eastern
Russia spans across 11 time zones. Most of Russia is dominated by Taiga and Tundra (apart form oceans) Russia 60‐80N
It has 14 neighbouring countries and a coastline on two oceans (35,000km of coastline). The largest biome in Russia Winters are long and summers
t is also home to Lake Baikal, the world’s oldest and deepest lake. It is the largest freshwater lake by volume,
Contains 55% of the world’s are short
containing about one‐fifth of the fresh water on Earth’s surface
conifers Soil forms very slowly
The largest forested area on the Much of the land is permafrost
Russia’s Climate
earth (larger than the Amazon) (permanently frozen)
Continent Russia experiences a continental climate , this means two main seasons.
al Climate (1) Long dark cold winters with (2) brief warm summers Yakutsk Yakutsk is the coldest city in
Precipitation is low throughout the year Russia and on Earth. Animals adapt to survive in the ecosystem they live in. Adaptation = changing to suit the surrounding environment.
Temperatures can reach ‐ • Thick camouflaged seasonal fur to help keep it warm in the freezing conditions. When the seasons change,
45C. Arctic Fox
(Tundra) the fox's coat turns as well, adopting a brown or grey appearance that provides cover among the summer
Yakutsk is built on tundra's rocks and plants.
permafrost (frozen round, in • Thick fur on the tail, thick fur on the paws, which helps to protect it from the freezing conditions.
fact 65% of Russia is land. • A very keen sense of hearing.
Larch Tree • Long thin needles to reduce moisture loss.
Russia’s Population (Taiga) • Down sloping branches so that snowfall can fall off easily.
• Evergreen and has thick bark and cones to protect it during the harsh conditions.
144 million people live in Russia, but they are not evenly spread out, they are unevenly distributed.
Russia is the largest country in the world, BUT, it is ranked 9th in terms of population size. Russia’s Major European Cities
Most people in Russia live in areas where it is easier to live (good soils, good communication, good
weather conditions) 1. Moscow is Russia’s capital city with about 12 million people. It is visited by many tourists and also has the Kremlin, which is where the
77% of the Russian population live on the European part of the country (West to the Ural Mountains) president lives.
Russia is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. 2. St Petersburg is Russia’s second largest city (and used to be the capital). 5 million people live here. It has a port and lots of industry such as
But even in an extreme climate people decide to live there if there is an economic gain (Yakutsk) or a ship building.
strong culture and way of life such as the Nenets in Siberia. 3. The North Caucasus is mostly a farming region. This is where Mt Elbrus (a dormant volcano) is found, it is the highest mountain in Europe
(5,642 m).
4. Sochi is located next to the Black Sea. It is Russia’s top holiday resort with warm summers. In 2014 the Winter Olympics took place here.
Russia and The Arctic 5. Kaliningrad is an enclave (area surrounded by other countries) and surrounded by Poland and Lithuania. It has a port on the Baltic Sea and
has lots of manufacturing jobs (e.g. cars)
The Arctic is a region surrounding the North Pole that is made up of a large ocean. 6. Murmansk is the Kola Peninsula's (far north) main city and is also a port. It is important for fishing. It is the biggest city in the Arctic.
It is the Northernmost region of Earth. 7. Crimea is a Peninsula south of Ukraine, it belongs to Ukraine, but Russia controls it.
There are many natural resources located here.
Taking these resources can have social and environmental impacts.
Russia’s Natural Resources
Greenpeace are concerned about the damage to the environment.
Environme Natural A natural resource is something that occurs naturally that we can make use of.
A campaign ‘Save the Arctic’ wants to make people aware of the issues.
ntal
An oil spill under these icy waters would have a catastrophic impact on animals and the pristine water. Resourc There is an abundance of natural resources in Russia.
impacts It produces 20% of the world’s natural gas and the worlds leading producer of oil
Russia produces 12% of the world oil it is responsible for roughly half of the worlds oil spills. ‘ e
Nenets herders have always moved seasonally with their reindeer.
Russia is self‐sufficient in all major raw materials (e.g. Iron, Bauxite)
Social
Impacts The Yamal Megaproject was developed to extract the large gas reserves of the region. The 1. Many resources are in Siberia, which has very harsh weather and extreme cold temperatures.
The Nenets migrations routes are now affected by the gas and oil pipelines, making it difficult to move the 2. It is very hard to work in these areas as steel become brittle at these low temperatures
problem
reindeer herds. 3. The roads are in poor condition due to the weather, this is not good when they are trying to export goods
If they cannot migrate, their people, their way of life might disappear forever and culture lost.
KS3 Geography Knowledge: Revision EoY 8 Assessment
COASTS ECOSYSTEMS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE RAINFOREST
Large areas of the rainforest are cleared for cattle ranches. In
Producer Organisms that get their food from the natural environment (photosynthesis) e.g.
Cattle Farming
HEADLAND AND BAY Headland and bays occur along coastlines that hand 2017, 744,000 cows were sold for their meat.
vegetation
different types of rock, as the rocks erode at different • Good: jobs, better income, government gets more taxes =
speeds. Consumer Organisms that feed on other organisms (producers and consumers). money for development (improve healthcare,
• The hard rock (granite) erodes more slowly than the • herbivores (only eats plants) education…etc.)
soft rock, creating headlands that jut out to sea. • carnivores (eat only animals) • Bad: deforestation, habitat loss, less photosynthesis =
• The soft rock (clay) will erode more quickly than the • omnivores (eats animals and plants) more global warming
hard rock, creating bays.
• Bays are sheltered = deposition = beaches are Decomposer Decomposers (fungi, bacteria) feed on dead producers & consumers. This dead In the 1970s large areas of the rainforest were cleared and
made into massive palm oil plantations (farms). Their fruit
Palm Oil Production
formed. material is known as litter. They break down the litter and recycle the nutrients
back to the soil. gives palm oil which we use in cooking oil, bread, cake,
MASS MOVEMENT Mass movement is the downhill movement of material chocolate & candles.
caused by gravity. Food Chain A food chain is a single line of linkages between producers and consumers. It • Good: jobs, better income, government gets more taxes =
shows what eats what.
money for development (improve healthcare,
Using manmade, artificial structures to prevent erosion and education…etc.)
Hard flooding.. Nutrient The movement of nutrients around an ecosystem. e.g. when dead material is
Cycle decomposed, nutrients are released into the soil. The nutrients are then taken up • Bad: deforestation, habitat loss, less photosynthesis =
engineerin More effective, long lasting and need less maintaining than
from the soil by plants. The nutrients are then passed to consumers when they eat more global warming
g soft engineering, however more expensive and less
natural/environmentally friendly. the plants. When the consumers die, decomposers return the nutrients to the soil. In 1980, Malaysia became the world’s largest exporter of
tropical wood (ebony and mahogany).
A strong concrete wall built in front of the cliff/settlement that • Good: jobs, better income, government gets more taxes =
Logging
absorbs the wave’s energy. A curved sea wall reflects the wave Animals adapt to survive in the ecosystem they live in. Adaptation = changing to suit the surrounding
environment. money for development (improve healthcare,
back to sea.
Sea Wall education…etc.)
• They absorb the power of the wave = less erosion. Tourists • Long eyelashes which keep sand out of their eyes.
Camel • Bad: deforestation, habitat loss, less photosynthesis =
also like to walk along it.
(desert) • Camouflage ‐ their colour helps them blend in.
more global warming, trees can take 100s of years to
• It can, however, be expensive and ugly. • They store fat in their hump which can be used for energy. Therefore they can
regrow.
go months with no food.
Large rocks placed in front of the cliff or settlement, that absorb There are huge deposits of minerals (copper, tin) in the
Giraffe • Long necks help them to reach tall trees for food.
the wave’s energy. Malaysian rainforest. Land is cleared and mined to access
(savannah) • Long legs help them run very fast.
Rock • They absorb the power of the wave = less erosion. They look these minerals which are then sold to other countries. Roads
• Camouflage: their colour helps them blend in.
Amour quite natural. are created to improve access to the mines.
Mining
• Spots help them stay camouflaged.
• It can, however, be expensive and make access to the beach Cheetah • Good: jobs, better income, government gets more taxes =
(savannah) • Paws help them to run quietly so they are able to sneak up on their prey.
difficult. money for development, better transport routes.
• Large nostrils and enlarged hearts and lungs help them to circulate oxygen
A wire cage filled with rocks that are placed in front of the cliff or efficiently = they can run fast. • Bad: deforestation, habitat loss, less photosynthesis =
seaside settlement, that absorb the wave’s energy. • Their long limbs (arms and legs) allow spider monkeys to swing through the more global warming, pollution from machinery,
Spider
• They absorb the power of the wave = less erosion. They are trees with ease. chemicals used in mining poison ecosystem.
Gabions monkey
cheaper than rock armour. (rainforest) • Their strong tails allow them to hang suspended up in the trees and aids their The high quantity of water in the rainforest can be used to
• The sea can corrode the metal cages = broken gabions which swinging. create cheap energy in hydro‐electric power stations. The
Hydro‐electric power
can be dangerous to tourists.. • 90% of their diet comes from nuts, seeds, fruit and insects. Bakun Dam is a dam in Malaysia that generates electricity for
Poison Dart • Is very small to prevent being eaten its people. It is the highest dam outside of China (205m).
Wood or rock fences built out into the sea. They trap sediment
Frog • Has skin that releases poison when touched Good: jobs, income, money for development, provide
transported by longshore drift and make the beach larger.
• Groynes ‐ Beach becomes wider = waves lose energy as they (rainforest) sustainable clean energy to locals and industries.
Groynes rush up the beach = less erosion. Big beaches boosts tourism. • Thick white fur to help camouflage help them keep warm. Bad: when you build a dam, a massive reservoir (lake) is
Polar Bear created behind it, which floods large areas of land = loss
• They prevent sediment reaching beaches further along the • Layer of fat under their skin helping them stay warm.
(tundra) of habitats/settlements. Tribes lose their homes, land and
coastline = problem is shifted and not solved. More expensive • Large feet help to spread their weight over a larger surface area. This prevents
than soft engineering. the ice breaking beneath them. culture. The Bakun Dam flooded over 700km2 of forest.
KS3 Geography Knowledge: Revision EoY 8 Assessment
CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE RESOURCES POPULATION AND URBANISATION
Electric Power)
generators to produce electricity. Jobs
•
HEP (Hydro‐
Mumbai generates 6.16% of India’s GPD
Good: This type of energy makes little
The world’s population is rising and countries are becoming more pollution.
because….
• Jobs in factories producing electronic items, jewellery, textiles.
Methane
Solar Power
gases are produced so there is no services • Mumbai has the highest percentage of internet access of any Indian city (12 million in 2013)
dioxide is released into the atmosphere.
pollution
Carbon dioxide
Humans drive cars, which release carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide and methane into the atmosphere.
Bad: less effective in areas that have lots Entertainment • Restaurants, clubs, bars, theatres, festivals, shops…etc.
because…
of cloudy days. In some places such as the
Rising population and more developed countries = increased UK there are large fields of solar panels • Train, airplanes, boats, buses…etc. Mumbai has links to all the major industrial cities in India as well as
Transport
demand for electricity = more carbon dioxide produced. that take up lots of space. It can be very connections to globally important cities.
expensive as the cells cost lots to make.
CASE STUDY OF HOW CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECTS LICS: BANGLADESH FLOODS • People live in Mumbai from different ethic backgrounds (people from different races and religions). This
Biomass burns plants, trees and organic Cultures
enriches the city’s culture with different cuisines, places of worship and cultural festivals.
Locati Southern Asia, along the Tropic of Cancer. It neighbours Burma, matter to heat steam to drive turbines.
on: India and the Indian Ocean. Good: sources are always available, It is a Urban growth has created a number of challenges in Mumbai
Biomass
much cheaper source of energy compared
• It’s low altitude (<10m above sea level) and long coastline to fossil fuels and whilst it does release Squatter • 40% of the population in Mumbai live in poor quality housing or on the streets.
How has climate change
• The Himalayas lie to the north of Bangladesh. The ice and snow fuels.
Homes are very small and made out of wood, cardboard, metal and plastic sheeting
melts in the summer, which then rushes down into the rivers in Bad: As it uses trees is can lead to
They are overcrowded and lack services (healthcare, clean water) = diseases are common.
Bangladesh. This occurs more due to increased temperatures. deforestation. Pollution (air, water, waste)
• Bangladesh is prone to cyclones and monsoonal rains which Wind turns large turbine blades to
bring a huge amount of rain. Due to climate change, these generate electricity Lack of
• As populations rise rapidly it is very difficult to supply services to the population. They cannot develop the
storms will occur more often. Good:. Electricity produced is cheap in the services
necessary infrastructure (water pipes, electricity lines, sewage pipes) fast enough to support the rising population
Wind power