Verbal : Grammar Lecture 09 Overview Next Lecture * Voice + Affirmative & Negative ¢ Commands Agreement * Cause & Effect cee ee Redundency + Uses of Words 4 * Hope vs Wish ¢ Sentence Completion ¢ Article * Reading Comprehension Reach Us Panthapath : 01972-277 866 Mouchak —: 01999-017 011 Mirpur :01970-985 421 Chattogram : 01970-985 420 Qwww.capstonebd.com — @Capstone EducationVerbal Lecture Sheet: 09 Voice "The active version may sound better than the passive one, but both are right. Active: The hungry students ate the pizza. Passive: The pizza was eaten by the hungry students, * Though passive voice has a reputation for sounding awkward, it is still a grammatically valid construction: Passive: It has been decided by Jason that he will not attend college. Active: Jason has decided not to attend college. = You do not have to make active or passive voice parallel throughout a sentence, For example: The shuttle launch took place flawlessly and was seen on television. = The passive infinitive is made up of to be with a past participle: For example: The doors are going to be locked at ten o'clock. You shouldn't have done that. You ought to be punished, + Some verbs which are very frequently used in the passive are followed by the to-infinitive: be supposed to be expected to be asked to be told to Right: You are supposed to wear a uniform. * In the following examples, the second sentence is preferable .We are calling the first one is awkward and the second one is better, Awkward: Ice cream was eaten at the part by the children Better: The children ate ice cream at the party Uses of passive voices: Passive voice is used if it needs to know about the actors. Example: Love addicted was sung by Vamps. Passive voice is used iff it doesn’t need to know about the actors. Example: The Streets are cleaned every day Passive voice is used if we don’t know about the actors Example: The police was murdered. Passive voice is used if we are more interested in the job than the actors. Example: A new departmental store is being built. Passive voice is used to avoid an inappropriate sentence in grammar. Example: When she arrived home, she was arrested. Directions: Write C if the sentence is correct or else write the correct answer |. A clearly defined sales process that can be repeated time and time again to convert leads into paying customers will drive consistent revenue growth 2. Unfortunately, many startups are struggled to generate accurate forecasts when revenue is dependent on closing deals 3. Still, the way he coped was by spending all his energy completing every task flawlessly. 4. Clearly defined sales stages is made it much easier to accurately predict sales and conversions, 5. You can also offer surveys or questionnaires that ask questions like “What factors do you consider when purchasing this product?”More Practices: 1. No school policies forbid a teacher from scolding a student or to calll the student's parent based on accusations A. a teacher from scolding a student or to call B. a teacher to scold a student or call C. that teachers scold a student or call D. the scolding by a teacher of a student or calling of E, scolding by teachers of a student or calling of 2. Setting a precedent that lasted more than a century, George Washington disappointed the people insisting that he should run for a third term as president A. insisting that he should B. insisting him to C. and their insistence that he D. who insisted that he E. who insisted him to 3. The letter from the scholarship committee (A) said that he had selected (B) to be one of the recipients vf (C) the prestigious $10,000 scholarship because of his excellent grades (D) and volunteer work. No ecror (P) 4, [took (A) Donna many weeks to_perfect (B)her pirouette, but when she finally mastered it, she wouldn't stop (C) being shown off (D) in front of us. No error (E). 5. Ldon't think (A) ['ve ever seen (B) such a_wide array (C) of neglected animals before L began Yolunteering (D) at the shelter. No error (E). ‘Tag Questions 1. In the present form of be: In an affirmative statement, if the subject is “I, the auxiliary changes to aren't in the tag I'm sitting next to you, aren’t 1? 2. With ler's, the tag is shall we? Let’s go to the beach, shall we? . With an imperative, the tag is will you? Close the window, will you? We use an affirmative tag after a sentence containing a negative word such as never, hardly, nobody. Nobody lives in this house, do they? When the subject is norhing, we use “it” in the tag Nothing bad happened, did it? 6. Ifthe subject is nobody, somebody, everybody, no one, someone or everyone, we use “they” Everybody asked for me, didn’t they? 7. Ifthe main verb in the sentence is have (not an auxiliary verb), it is more common to use do in the tag. She had a great time, didn’t she? With used to, we use jidn’t” in the tag. You used to work here, didn’t you? We can use affirmative tags after affirmative sentences to express a reaction such as surprise or interest. You're moving to Brazil, are you? Page: 3Commands ‘A command is an imperative statement. + Help me carry these boxes up the stairs + Walk down the street for two blocks, and then turn Negative commands: When we want to tell someone not to do something: For example: + Don't smoke. It is very bad for your health. Negative commands with “let's” When we want to say that we should not do something, we can use "let's" and the word "not" and then the verb in infinitive. For example: + Let's not watch television tonight. + Let's not worry about that until it becomes a real problem. [Skill Builder tions: Write C if the sentence is correct or else write the correct answer So you're having a baby, are you? That's wonderful! - Everyone wants to be happy in his life, doesn’t it? - Let’s not discuss unless he makes sure of the matter. You have enough money, haven’t you? You used to go skating very often, didn’t you? How to Use “Used To”: We can use “used to” to talk about a past habit or state. For Example: He used to live in Dhaka, (but he doesn’t now) He used to go on holiday to Scotland every year. (but he doesn’t now) To make the negative: use “didn’t” + use ~ to + verb, For example: He didn’t use to smoke. To make the question: For example: Did she use to smoke? To talk about past habits in English, you can also use would + infi For Example: We would go to Scotland every year when I was a child. We would travel there by car overnight. Be used to: We use 'be used to + verb-ing! to talk about things which fee! normal for us or things that we are accustomed to: ''m used to getting up early, so I don't mind doing it (= getting up early is normal for me, it's what I usually do). My little daughter is used to eating lunch at noon, So she was grumpy yesterday when we didn't eat until one. Note that we make the negative or the question with the verb 'be' in the normal way. The ‘used to! doesn't change: + Lucy isn't used to staying up late, so she’s very tired today + Are your clWe can also use 'be used to + noun’, which has the same meaning: + I've lived in the UK almost all my life, so I'm used to rain (= rain is normal for me). ‘+, That football team always loses, so they're used to disappointment! Get used to: We can use ‘get used to + verb-ing’ to talk about the change of not normal to normal. * Don't worry if your new job is hard at first. You'll get used to it, + Ittook me a few months to get used to li ing in Japan, At first everything seemed very different, but then gradually it became normal for me. Directions: Write C if the sentence is correct or else write the correct answer 1. It took me a while, but I used to speaking another language every day. 2. She didn’t use to like chocolate, but she does now. 3. When I was a student, we would often have a drink after class on Friday. 4, Horseback riding has been frightening for me, but I will get use to it. 5. My father didn’t use to take his donkey to school on Mondays, because it was needed at the farm, More Practices: \ Analyzing Alex’s medical reports, the doctor suggested that he be on bed rest for one month. eat healthy foods and stay away from alcohol \. Analyzing Alex’s medical reports, the doctor suggested that he be on bed rest for one month, B. Analyzing the medical reports of Alex, the doctor suggested that he should be on bed rest for one month, C. Analyzing his medical reports, the doctor suggested Alex that he should be on bed rest for one month, D. Analyzing Alex’s medical reports, the doctor suggested that Alex be on bed rest for one month, E, Analyzing his medical reports, the doctor suggested Alex to be on bed rest for one month 2. Despite all their talks about pollution control. large organizations have so far done very little to control A. Despite all their talk about pollution control, B. In spite of the fact of their having talked about pollution control _C. Besides their having talked D. Although they talk about all pollution control E. In addi nto their talkings 3. Its probable that the prototype cellular motor might be ready for testing around the end of next vear. ‘A. might be ready for testing around the end of next year B. may be ready for testing about the end of next year C. might be ready for testing toward next year’s end D. will be ready for testing toward the end of next year E, should be ready for testing toward the end of next yearUses of Words Abrupt adj. Quick, without warning || adv. Abruptly Syn, Sudden || n. Abruptness There was an abrupt change in the weather. After the incident, everyone left abruptly. Acclaim 7, Enthusiastic approval, applause || adj. Acclaimed Syn. Praise || n. Acclamation Isaac Stem has won acclaim abroad. Acclaimed authors often win Pulitzer Prizes. Adverse adj. Displeasing, objectionable, or bad || adv. Adversely Syn. Unfavorable || n. Adversity, adversary Adverse weather conditions made it difficult to play the game. His indecision adversely affected his job performance. Persistent v. Persist adv. Persistently || adj. Continuous, refusing to give up, firm in action or decision | n. Persistence Syn. Constant ‘The attorney's persistent questioning weakened the witness. Her persistence earned her a spot on the team. Autonomous adj. By itself, with no association || adv. Autonomously Syn. Independent Mexico became an autonomous state in 1817. Although working closely with the government, all businesses function autonomously. Advent 7, The coming or appearance of something Syn. Arrival With the advent of computers, many tasks have been made easier. ‘The newspapers announced the advent of the concert season, Agile adj. Able to move in a quick and easy way Adv. Agilely || Syn. Nimble | n. Agileness | n. Agility Deer are very agile animals. She moved agilely across the stage. Albeit conj. In spite of the facts, regardless of the fact Syn. Although His trip was successful, albeit tiring Albeit difficult at times, speaking another language is rewarding. Appealing v. Appeal || adj. Auractive or interesting, able to move feelings Syn. Alluring | n. Appeal || adv. Appealingly Working abroad is appealing to many people. Through his speeches, the candidate appealed to the voters. Contemporary adj. Modem, up-to-date; also a person living at the same time as another person N, ‘contemporary. Current Contemporary architecture makes very good use of space. Cervantes was a contemporary of Shakespeare. Frail adj. Weak in health or in body || n. Trade Syn. Fragile The frail wings of the newborn bird could not lift it off the ground One of the frailties of human beings is laziness. Refine v. To make pure, to improve || n. Refinement Syn, Perfect (v.) || adj. Refined Factories must to refine oil before it ean be used as fuel. A squirt of lime juice is the perfect refinement to cola,Worthwhile adj. Value in doing something Syn, Rewarding It was worthwhile waiting 10 hours in line for the tickets. It's worthwhile to prepare for the TOEFL. Analyze | n. Analyzed | n Analysis v, To study something carefully, to separate into parts for study || Sy. Examine Scientists must analyze problems thoroughly. Analysis of the substance confirms the presence of nitrogen. Conform || n. Conformity, conformist || v. To follow established rules or patterns of behavior Syn. Adapt Yon must conform to the rules or leave the club. She has always been a conformist. Intensify |/n. Intensity | adj. Intense _ || adj. Intensive || adv. Intensely || adv. Intensively V. To make stronger in feeling or quality Syn. Heighten ‘The importance of the test will sometimes intensify the nervousness of the students. The chess match was played with great intensity Intolerable ad). difficult or painful to experience, not able to accept different ways of thought or behavior || Sym. Unbearable n. Intolerance || adv. Intolerably || adv. Intolerantly |j Adj. Intolerant Any opposition to the rules is intolerable. His boss was intolerant of his tardiness. Ambiguous adj. of unclear meaning, something that can be understood in more than one way | Adv, Ambiguously || Syn. Vague || n. Ambiguity The men received an ambiguous message from their boss. His letter was full of ambiguities. Assert || adv. Assertively || n. Assertiveness || n. Assertion |j adj. Assertive N. To express or defend oneself strongly, to state positively || Sim. Declare The government asserted its control over the banking system. The company president is an assertive individual. Astounding || adj. Very surprising || v. Astound Syn. Astonishing || adv. Astoundingly The scientists made an astounding discovery. The fans were astounded by their team's success. Astute adj. Very intelligent, smart, clever || adj. Astutely Sym. Perceptive || n. Astuteness He was an astute worker, finishing in half the time it took the others to finish. They astutely determined that there would be no chance to finish on time. Deceptively adj. Deceptive || v. Deceive || n. Deception Adv. To make someone think that something is true or good when it is false or bad Syn. Misleadingly ‘The magician deceptively made the rabbit disappear. Richard deceived Joe about the cost of the coat. Determined || n. Determination | v, Determ Adj to be strong in one's opinion, to be firm in conviction || Syn, Resolute They were determined to go to graduate school. The judge determined that the man was lying. Elicit v. To get the facts, to draw out, to evoke n. Elicitation Syn. Extract A lawyer will elicit all the facts necessary to prove her case. Elicitation of the truth can be difficult at times, Petition v. To make a request n. Petition Syn. Appeal Canada petitioned the United Nations to consider its case. The student's petition was denied.Relinquish v. To give up control n, Relinquishment Syn. Abdicate The troubled executive relinquished his control of the company The relinquishment of his claim to the building will allow the building to be sold. Amaze v. To fill with great surprise || adv. Amazingly || n. Amazement | adj. Amazing | was amazed that I received an A on the calculus test. The actor gave an amazing performance. Baffle v. To confuse to a point at which no progress can be made Adj. Bafiling || n. Bafflement Syn. Puzzle The causes of many harmful diseases have baffled doctors for centuries. That was a baffling question. Blur v. To make something difficult to see j adj. Blurred Syn, Cloud |j n, Blur ‘The rain blurred everyone's view of the valley. The whole accident is just a blur in my id. Delicate adj. Needing careful treatment, sensitive, easily broken || adv. Delicately Syn. Fragile Because of its controversial nature, it was a challenge to discuss such a delicate issue in public. You must handle the antique delicately Intrigue a. fo interest greatly | adj. Intriguing Syn, Faseinate || adv. Intriguingly N. Intrigue He was intrigued by the acclaim flat he received. The intriguing question baffled historians. Persuade v. To change a belief or behavior by argument or reason || adv, Persuasively || adj. Persuasive Sym Convince | n. Persuasion They couldn't persuade their critics to see their point of view. John presented a persuasive argument for his salary increase. Distort v. To change from the original shape or condition, usually in an unnatural way Adj. Distorted | n. Distortion Syn. Deform Time and space are distorted when traveling at the speed of light. Distortion of the image from a microscope can be caused by low light. Prosperous ad). Successful, wealthy || adv. Prosperously Syn. Thriving || v. Prosper n, Prosperity {In the early 1900s, San Francisco was a prosperous city. Bacteria prosper under the proper conditions. Searcely adv. Almost not || adj. Scarce Syn. Hardly || n. Scarcity The woman scarcely spoke a word of English, Due to a scarcity of water, a rationing plan was established. Creep v. To move slowly and quietly close to the ground: to begin to happen Adj. Creeping || Syn. Crawl Some mistakes are beginning to creep into his work. Ivy is a creeping variety of plant. Dim adj. Not bright or clear || adv. Dimly Syn. Faint || v. Dim || n. Dimness The light was too dim for studying. The stars dimly lit the evening sky. Gigantic adj. Very large || adv. Gigantically Syn, Enormous Reaching the Moon was a gigantic step in space exploration for mankind, New methods of farming offer gigantic advantages over the old methods. Vibrant adj. Lively, powerful, full of action, bright jj adv. Vibrantly Syn, Brilliant N. Vibraney His vibrant personality made him well liked by everyone. ‘The vibraney of the city is attractive to many individuals.Dominant ac. Primary or principal; having or exercising control over something Ady. Dominantly || v. Dominate Syn. Major |i n. Domination ‘The dominant life forms of the paleozoic era lived in the water, The skyscraper dominated the skyline. Dormant adj. Not growing or producing; asleep || n. Dormancy Syn. Inactive ‘The volcano had been dormant for hundreds of years before the eruption last month. Drab adj. Lacking color; uninteresting, boring || adv. Drably Syn. Colorless || n, Drabness Their clothing was quite drab. The drabness of the desert made driving less interesting. Minuscule adj. Of little consequence; very small || adj. Minute Syn. Tiny || n. Mi ‘The sale of the building had a minuscule effect on the profits of the corporation, Some leaves are covered with minute hairs. Rudimentary adj. Simple; not complex || n. Rudiment Syn. Basic He has a rudimentary knowledge of computers. The rudiments of grammar are taught in all English classes. Vigorous ac. Powerful, full of action || adv. Vigorously Syn. Strong jj n. Vigour His vigorous defence of the issues impressed everyone. He approached his work with vigour. Destroy v, To put an end to the existence of something || adj. Destructive Sym. Ruin Ady. Destructively || n. Destructiveness || n. Destruction || n. Destroyer The factory was destroyed by the fire. The destruction of the old landmark was opposed by a concerned group of citizens. Emphasize v, To show that something is especially important or exceptional Adj. Emphatic | n. Emphasis | adv. Emphatically Syn. Highlight ‘The professor emphasized cer aspects of the historical period. When asked if they would like to leave class early, the students answered with an emphatic "yes". Broaden v. To make larger or greater || adv. Broadly Syn. Enlarge || adj. Broad || n. Breadth Education will broaden your opportunities to land a good job. The breadth of his knowledge is impressive. Burgeon v. Grow at a fast pace || adj. Burgeoning Syn, Thrive The burgeoning population of major cities is creating a demand for more services. His talent as a pianist burgeoned at the age of 14. Conspicuously adv. Attracting attention || adj. Conspicuous Syn. Noticeably His name was conspicuously absent from the list of winners. ‘The attorneys were conspicuous for their aggressive manner in the courtroom, Endorse v. To express approval n, Endorsement Syn. Support The union endorsed the new contract. The president's endorsement of the project guaranteed its fundingEnormous adj. Very large Adv. Enormously Syn. Tremendous N. Enormity His enormous wealth allows him to contribute to many charities. A dict wit many fruits and vegetables is enormously beneficial to the body. Erode v. To wear away, disappear slowly || n. Erosion Syn, Deteriorate ‘The senator's support is eroding because of his unpopular positions on the major issues. It took millions of years of erosion for nature to form the Grand Canyon, Evaporate v. To vanish | n. Evaporation Syn. Disappear The chances of the two sides reaching an agreement have evaporated. The evaporation of the funds was unexplainable. Elude v. To escape in a tricky way || adj. Elusive Syn. Evade || n. Elusiveness ‘The criminal has eluded the px ice for months. Success has been elusive for the team. Facet n. Element or component | adj. Faceted Syn, Aspect The proposal had many beneficial facets. It was a multi-faceted problem that challenged the entire student body t Ample adj. More than enough || adv. Amply Syn, Sufti There is ample evidence that the young man was speeding when the accident occurred. She was amply paid for the work she completed. Arid adj. Having little rain or water |) Syn, Dry ‘The area known as the Sahara Desert is one of the most arid place in the world, ‘The valley on the leeward side of the mountain was extremely arid, Defy v. To show little fear or regard for rules or established norms; to challenge || adv. Defyingly || adj. Defying Syn, Resist 1 defy you to find that book in the library's collection. ‘The circus performer demonstrated her death - defying routine Enaet v. To pass a law || adj. Enacted Syn, Legislate || n. Enactment Congress enacted the legislation during its last session. ‘The enactment of the laws was in the hands of the Senate, Feign v. To pretend, make believe || adj. Feigned Syn. Simulate She feigned illness when it was time to visit the dentist. Her unhappiness was feigned. Fertile adj. Able to produce abundantly | v. Fei ize Syn. Rich || n. Fertility || N. Fertilizer The delta areas of rivers are known for their fertile soil. Fertilizers are used on crops to increase yields. Page: 10Indiscriminate adj. Not chosen carefully; unplanned || adv. Indiscriminately Syn. Arbitrary The indiscriminate arrangement of the products made the store confusing, ‘The book's chapters seem to be organized indiscriminately. Spacious adj. Having a lot of room || adj. Spaciously Syn. Expansive || n. Space || N. Spaciousness The spacious plains of the Midwest make up the nation’s breadbasket. A vacuum is an empty space. Withstand v, To fight without surrender; to persist || Syn. Survive ‘She cannot withstand the pressures of her job. The old building withstood the terrible storm. Durable adj. Something that lasts a long time N. Durability * time during which something lasts N. Duration Syn. Sturdy It was a durable reftigerator, but it finally broke. The durability of tires is a key factor in determining their quality. Harbor v. To give protection; not to express a desire or opinion, usually bad Sun. Shelter He harbors ill feelings for her. They harbored the political refugee in their home, Perilous adj. Threatening or risky; harmful || adv. Perilously Syn. Dangerous || n. Peril Its perilous to exceed the speed limit. There are ample perils in the sport of mountain climbing. Substantial adj. Important; strongly made of value | adv. Substantial Syn. Significant Adj. Substantive The discovery of a vaccine for smallpox was a substantial medical achievement. This substantive article will change your opinion of rock music. ‘Conscientious adj. Showing serious purpose; one who works carefully and with enthusiasm Adv. Conscientiously Syn. Meticulous She is a conscientious representative of the student body. They approached the task conscientiously. Encompass v. To surround completely; to envelop || Syn. Include Her plan of the study encompasses every aspect of computer science. The course encompasses all the literature of the nineteenth century Inadvertently adv. By accident; without paying attention; Adj. Inadvertent || Syn. Carelessly, Unexpectedly ‘The reporters had inadvertently failed to include the name of one of the dignitaries. His inadvertent calculation caused him to derive the wrong answer. Inevitable adj, Something that cannot be prevented from happening Adv. Inevitably || n. Inevitability Syn. Unavoidable When two weather systems meet, unsettled weather conditions are inevitable. The inevitability of the outcome made the challenge less exciting, Infancy n. In the beginning stages of development || adj. Infantile Syn. Beginning || n. Infant ‘The new theory is in its infancy and will be thoroughly tested by its critics. Certain head injuries can cause infantile behavior. Retrieve v. To find and bring back |) adj. Retrieve Syn, Recover | n. Retrieval Will Detroit retrieve its status as the car manufacturing center of the world? This computerized information retrieval system is the most up-to-date system available.Agitate v. To shake or move; to cause worry || n. Agitation Syn, Disturb || n. Agitator ‘The fact that she had not arrived by midnight agitated her parents. He was known as a political agitator. Disereetly adv. In a careful, polite manner | adj. Discreet Syn. Cautiously || n. Discretion The teacher discreetly told the parents about her problems, You can count on me to be discreet. Documented adj. Proven with written evidence || adj. Documentary Syn. Proven V. Document || n. Documentation He had documented proof that the bank had made an error. The car's documentation was in order. Inordinate adj. A large amount or quality; more than reasonable || adv. Inordinately Syn, Excessive The airlines had to cancel an inordinate number of flights due to the fog. There was an inordinately large number of whales off the coast. Practices on uses of words Instruction: Identify the sentence(s) that is/are showing the correct use of the underlined word. [IBA_2008] [1 The new entrant was perplexed the first day he joined his new job. UI, The level of difficulty of the math problem even left the class genius perplexed. IIL, Perplexed may be the result of inadequate communica A. Lonly B. both I and I] C.both Hand IID. bothTand ill —_E, All three I. L would advise you to assert yourself when dealing with that arrogant man. IL. Some people find assertiveness a quality verging on IIL, Assertion is a rare virtue A. Lonly B. Il only C. only D. both I and II E. both I and III 1. His eloquence speech earned him a round of applause I. All of those who were present were left in doubt on the point expressed so eloquently IIL The chosen orator, demonstrating the height of eloquence, has only confirmed the panel of their good judgment, A. Lonly B. Llonly C.lll only D. both Tand ——E, both Mand IIT |. His apparent apathy toward the welfare of his organization has scared off investors. IL. The miserable event left her with a feeling of apathy toward everything else. III. An apathetic attempt was made to save the day. A. Lonly B. both | and II C. both Hand Ill —-D. both Fand Il Ell three |. Its better to leave her alone now; it will only aggravate her grief [IBA, 2012_June] 11, She remained serene in the face of extreme aggravation IIL. The condition of the patient is aggravating day by day A. Lonly B. I only C. IL only D. both I and I E. all three 6. i, Admiral Hamid sent a small group to reconeile the enemy positions secretly. ii, There was severe misappropriation of funds as evidenced by the failure to reconcile accounts. iii, The friends helped Hamid and Kamal to reconcile their trifle differences. A. ionly B. both i & ii C. both i & iti Dz both ii & iii E. all threeted apology is better than none at all ii. The guard belatedly realized the implication of the questions asked by the interrogator; the damage, however, was already done. iii, When you are given a task, it is naturally expected that you do not bel A. ionly B. both i & ii C. both i & iii D. both ii & iti E. all three Sentence Completion His. smile _ all those who saw it. A. devastating, blinded B. penultimate, inured C. radiant, obliged D. sunny, tanned E. bright, dazzled 2. According to recent studies, prices in supermarkets are considerably higher in the inner city, thus the poor who receive assistance to buy the food. A. reprimanding _B. intimidatin C. alleviating D. assuaging E. exploiting 3. Since there are so few conservative thinkers on the committee, their influence on its recommendations is A. monumental B. negligible C. discriminatory. impractical E. cathartic 4. Ithas proven that cockroaches for several weeks even after heads have been cut off. A. are surviving B. can survive C. surviving D. that survive E. survives 5 the young man chose to retain his seat in the crowded bus and let the old woman remain standin} A. Gleefully B. Hopefully C. Painfully D. Foolishly E. Selfishly 6. The aging spinster was much by the of her favorite niece A. perplexed: attention B. heartened: ministration C. discouraged: propriety D. enamored: ruminations E. pleased: aloofness 7. Although Mujtaba dislikes crowd and social gathering, his wife Shaila is quite A. gregarious —_B. aloof C. hostile D. reclusive E. estranged 8. Lean think of nothing more than arriving at the theater and discovering that I had left the tickets at home, A. viscous B. banal C. dramatic D. traumatizing —_E, vexatious 9. The officers of the corporation promised there would be no , nothing would be held against the strikers A-truce B. retaliation . favoritism D. reservation E. scabs 10. Feeling restless and unhappy, he lefi the house to take a quiet stroll, hoping the tone of the day would not decline further into and uncertainty A. dissonance B. ardor C. perversity D. pretense E. reticence Writing Homework: Write an essay with an appropriate title using as many words/ phrases as possible from the list below. Underlined the words/ phrases where used. You may use a single word/phrase more than once. You may use more than one word/ phrase in a sentence. You may use the given words in their various forms. You may Write necessary sentences without the given words. Violence EmpoweiMini Test on Lecture Time: 12 minutes Marks: 15 |. Bankers require that the financial information presented to them by mortgage applicants be complete and. follow a prescribed format A. be complete and follow a prescribed format. B. is complete and it follows a prescribed format. C. be complete and a prescribed format is followed. D. to be complete and a prescribed format be following. E, be completed, and it followed a prescribed format This provides a better (A) understanding how (B) the market works for the poor (C) and what interventions are needed (D) to facilitate their inclusion. Ne error (E). 3. Most state constitutions now mandate that the state budget be balanced each year. A. mandate that the state budget be balanced B. mandate the state budget to be balanced C. mandate that the state budget will be balanced D. have a mandate for a balanced state budget E. have a mandate to balance the state budget 4. The bus was already crowded (A) when it arrived; (B) I barely manage (C) to find room to sit (D). No error (F). The immediate cause by (A) most shallow earthquakes jg (B) the sudden release of stress (C) along (D) a fault, or fracture, in the earth's crust. No error (E). 6. Well-known (A) business leaders who are regarded (B) as possessing in (C) characteristics inelude (D) Richard Branson, Mark Zuckerberg. No error (E). 7, Sovial Security is designed (A) to be replaced (B) only about 40 percent of pre-retirement income and smas never intended (C) to be Americans’s sole source of (D) retirement income. No error (F). 8. Amy does not want that she studies tonight, but her coursework requires that she writes a new essay. A. that she studies tonight, but her coursework requires that she write, B. she studies tonight, but her coursework requires that she write, C. to study tonight, but her coursework requires that she writes. D. that she studies tonight, but her coursework requires that she writes. E. to study tonight, but her coursework requires that she write. 9. Living (A) your best personal and professional life requires (B) intentional self-reflection (C) and sontinual (D) personal development. No error (E). 10. Australia is the flattest (A) and dry (B) of the continents, as well_as (C) the oldest and most isolated (D). No error (E).11, IfSam reached the airport in time, he would have been holidaying in Germany by now. A. If'Sam reached the airport in time. B. If Sam would have reached the airport in time, C. Sam having reached the airport in time, DD, Had Sam reached the airport in time, E. Sam, reaching the airport in time, 12, Having walked for four hours in temperatures exceeding hundred degrees, the soldiers were as soaked as if having walked through a rainstorm. A.as if having walked B. as having walked Cas if walking D.as if they would have walked E. as if they had walked 13, Although (A) arts and entertainment launches gonstitute (B) the majority of her work, she has also (C) involved in (D) the opening of other ventures. No error (E). 14, She did not have any experience (A) of working with American audience initially, but (B) she decided so.accept (C) the challenge and make it happened (D). No error (E). 15. The motion of the Sun in the sky, as well as the Moon and planets and stars, are because of the rotation of the Earth: everything rises in the East and sets in the West. A. are because of B.is because of C.arecausedby DD. isdueto_E. are due to [Skill Builder Answer 3B : many startups struggle Mars: 1 .D Practices SB 02 Don’t they?” = SB 03 T got used to More Practices Practices on uses of words Sentence Completion