CDI 4

Traffic Management and Accident Investigation

with Defensive Driving
1. Academic Institution. Schools, both public and private, are responsible for the basic traffic education
by integrating in their respective programs and curriculum subjects or topics on traffic safety.
2. Accident – it is that occurrence in a sequence of events which usually produce unintended injury, death,
or property damage
3. Accident Investigation – generally, it is conducted in order to understand what question to ask and
what to look for, you must have some fundamental knowledge on accidents and their causes. Whether
or not something went wrong during the travel (highway, seaway, or airway), or to identify by applying
the methods of criminal investigation per se, so as to locate neither the origin nor the person
responsible as the case may be.
4. Air pollution. Carbon monoxide emission coming from vehicles exhaust pipes largely contribute to air
pollution. This is why there are emission testing for vehicles before registration or renewing registration.
5. Ancient Chinese Kite – Since the beginning of history, kites have been flowing as a common past
time in the Far East. The Kite was first used for transport, based on a Korean custom, when one was
employed in bridge construction by a Korean general. A cord was conveyed across the river by means
of a kite where heavier ropes were fastened and ultimately the bridge cable was fastened. In the late
10th century, several European armies experimented with Kites in transporting men.
6. Animal Power. As humans learn to domesticate animals and as innovations went on, People start
using animals for transport to ease heavy burdens of loads while traveling. Stated below were some of
the domesticated animals use by early humans for transportation before and some are still being utilize
these days.
7. Articulated vehicle - Any motor vehicle with a trailer having no front axle and so attached shall be
interpreted to mean that part of the trailer rests on the motor vehicle and that a large part of the trailer's
weight and its load is supported by the motor vehicle. Such a trailer is referred to as a 'semi-trailer.'
8. Attitude – A defensive driver must develop and demonstrate an attitude that: Shows concern for other
road users; Recognizes that other road users will make mistakes;
9. Back Load and Tumpline - goods are carried on the back Supported by a tumpline across
the forehead.
10. Behavior – An ideal defensive driver: Always put his/her seatbelt on;
11. Brakes. – Every motor vehicle with four or more wheels shall be provided with dual hydraulic brake
system so that in case of hydraulic line failure affecting the braking efficiency of any of the four wheels
at least either the front or rear wheels shall retain normal braking capabilities. In the absence of such
dual braking system every motor vehicle with four or more wheels shall be provided with safety valve
devices of such design and make so that failure of the hydraulic braking system of the vehicle because
of leakage in the line or other parts of the system will not affect all wheels but rather render at all times
effective the braking power of either the two front wheels or the two rear wheels when brakes are
applied. This requirement, however, does not apply to motor vehicles equipped with pneumatic braking
system.
12. Carrying Pole - goods are carried by means of pole either by a single person or two
persons.
13. Chartered Cities – the responsibilities are similar to that of the municipal government; however, it is
limited to the network of streets and roads within the cities.
14. Citizen Support Groups. The private institutions or organizations also help in the prevention of traffic
congestion by assisting government offices in various activities particularly during special occasions
and holidays where traffic problem is likely to happen.
15. Citizen Support Groups. These are charitable non-governmental organizations and other rotary clubs,
which typically conduct traffic education campaigns and raise awareness of traffic issues.
16. City or Municipal Engineers’ Office. In the local level, these offices are responsible for the planning,
construction and maintenance of traffic facilities within their respective locality.
17. Courts. The courts are responsible for the adjudication of traffic-related cases filed before them.
18. Crosswalk or Pedestrian Lane – the markings that indicate the right of way for pedestrian to cross do
not stop on pedestrian lane especially to load or unload passengers, and pedestrians should always
cross a street on a crosswalk.
19. Da Vinc’s Ornithopter – the great renaissance artist, scientist and engineer, Leonardo da Vinci, made
study of the flight of the birds and his notebooks sketched a number of Ornithopter (a.k.a. orthopter)
which derived its principal support and propelling from flapping wings like those of a bird. It was not
until the 19th century the rigid wings were envisaged.
20. Dealer - Any individual, organization, partnership or company engaged in the manufacture,
manufacture, construction, assembly, remodeling, reconstruction or establishment of motor vehicles
and any such entity acting as agent for the sale of one or more manufactures, styles or types of motor
vehicles engaged in the manufacture, manufacture, assembly, remodeling, reconstruction or assembly
of motor vehicles; and any such entity acting as agent for the sale of one or more manufactures, styles
or types of motor vehicles engaged in the manufacture or assembly of motor vehicles, holding the
same in stock or selling the same or handling the same in order to trade the same.
21. Decide – what to do to avoid an unsafe situation.
22. Defensive driving - is often defined as preventing crashes before they occur, it is the demonstration of
an attitude, awareness and driving skills such as:
23. Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) – the agency’s scope in national which involves
the constructions, of National Highways/Roads. It also includes the yearly maintenance program of
current systems.
24. Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). This is the key executive agency accountable
for the planning, development and maintenance of hi-ways, especially those classified as national
highways and other major road arteries, of transport facilities.
25. Department of Transportation (DOTr). The DOTr thru the Land Transportation Office (LTO) is in
charge in carrying out the Land Transportation Code of the Philippines (R.A.4136) specifically the
issuance of drivers’ licenses, registration of motor vehicles, approval of franchises for public
conveyances (through the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB)), and
conducting traffic seminars.
26. Directional Arrows – these markings that indicate direction of permitted traffic movement. When
approaching intersection where pavement arrows are used, you should enter the lane where the arrow
points in the direction you want to go. Some have double headed arrows which mean the lane is for
traffic going in two directions indicated.
27. Dirt. This includes use oils from motor vehicles and vehicles itself that are already beyond repair or
damage from accidents. They are just dump in a junkyard that takes time before they can be recycled.
28. Dog – the first domesticated animal and to slight to carry heavy loads. The plain Indians
sometimes packed light loads on dog’s backs, and piled goods on travois to drag by dogs.
29. Donkey – Other term is ass, first domesticated in Middle East. Donkey caravans carry
goods between the cities of Southwest Asia and Egypt and the donkey is still the chief
beast of burden among the farmers of the Near East, Mediterranean Area and Mexico
were it was introduced from Spain.
30. Double Continuous line – overtaking or passing is not allowed. Although in reality this line is always
being disregarded by most drivers.
31. Driver - It means any and all approved motor vehicle operators.
32. Driver to Give Way to Overtaking Vehicle - The driver of a vehicle about to be overtaken and passed
by another vehicle approaching from the rear shall give way to the overtaking vehicle on suitable and
audible signal being given by the driver of the overtaking vehicle, and shall not increase the speed of
his vehicle until completely passed by the overtaking vehicle.
33. Driving on Right Side of Highway. Unless a different course of action is required in the interest of the
safety and the security of life, person or property, or because of unreasonable difficulty of operation in
compliance of the law, every person operating a motor vehicle or an animal-drawn vehicle on a
highway shall pass to the right when meeting persons or vehicles coming toward him, and to the left
 when overtaking persons or vehicles going the same direction, and when turning to the left in going
from one highway to another, every vehicle shall be conducted to the right of the center of the
intersection of the highway.
34. Driving Plans and Decisions - Driving plans should be made on the correct assessment of the
changing scene both ahead or to the rear of the vehicle.
35. Eight-sided red and white stop sign – most popular and understood
36. Equilateral triangle red signs - at intersection directing driver to yield to the right-of-way
37. FIVE (5) E’S OF TRAFFIC - These are the major areas of traffic managements which are also known
as the “Pillars” of Traffic. The pillars are responsible in maintaining the smooth flow of traffic for flexible
or fast but safe travel. These pillars are working together as one of the common purposes. In other
words, each has its functions but with the same goals as far as transportation is concern. To better
understand the different areas of traffic management, the following are considered.
38. Flashing Green – Vehicles facing this signal are permitted to turn left or go through while opposing
traffic faces red signal.
39. Flashing Red – Bringing vehicle to STOP at the designated line and proceed only when clear.
40. Flashing Yellow – Yield sign. Proceed through the intersection with caution.
41. Four-lane Two way street – two vehicles are traversing toward the same direction while two other
vehicle are traversing toward opposite direction separated by a solid line.
42. Garage - Any building in which two or more motor vehicles, with or without drivers, are kept ready for
rental to the public shall be understood to include, but not limited to, road stands, public service stations
or other public places designated by the proper authority as parking spaces for motor vehicles for rental
when awaiting or applying for company.
43. Gridlock - a traffic jam so bad that no movement is possible.
44. Gross weight - The measured weight of the motor vehicle plus the maximum permissible carrying
capacity of the goods, freight and/or passengers, as defined by the Land Transportation Commissioner,
shall be referred to.
45. Headlights. – Every motor vehicle of more than one meter of projected width, while in use on any
public highway shall bear two headlights, one on each side, with white or yellowish light visible from the
front, which, not later than one-half hour after sunset and until at least one-half hour before sunrise and
whenever weather conditions so require, shall both be lighted. Additional lamps and light may be
carried, but no red lights shall be visible forward or ahead of the vehicle. Trucks, buses, trailers, and
other similar vehicles must carry, while in use on any public highway during night-time, colored riding
lights on each of the four corners not more than ten centimeters from the top.
46. Highway - any public road. A main road especially one connecting major town or cities.
47. Highways - Any public thoroughfare, public boulevard, street, lane, park, alley and alleyway shall be
understood to mean any roadway on the grounds owned by private individuals, schools, universities or
other similar institutions.
48. Hit-and-run-case – as per section 55, of republic act 4136, it further states that no person driving a
motor vehicle involved in a vehicular accident shall, except in the circumstances provided by below,
leave the accident scene without helping the victim.
49. Horns. – Every motor vehicle shall be provided with a horn or signaling devise in good working order:
Provided, however, That no horn or signaling device emitting an exceptionally loud, startling, or
disagreeable sound shall be installed or used on any motor vehicle.
50. Human/Person’s Error. This is characterized by poor driving habits, pedestrian’s mistakes, poor
legislations and poor planning which are attributed to human errors.
51. Identity – the potential and immediate hazard on the road.
52. Land Transportation Office. This office is responsible for licensing of drivers, vehicles registration and
inspection including enforcement of traffic laws.
53. Legislative (Congress/ City or Municipal Board). The legislative bodies are not only responsible for the
passing or amendment of laws concerning traffic but also they are involved in the planning and
approval of government projects.
54. Legislative bodies. The ones responsible for this part are the house of representative, the senate,
Provincial boards, and City and Municipal Councils. This offices are responsible for passing and/or
amending laws and ordinances including traffic laws.
55. Lights when parked or disabled. – Appropriate parking lights or flares visible one hundred meters
away shall be displayed at a corner of the vehicle whenever such vehicle is parked on highways or in
places that are not well-lighted or is placed in such manner as to endanger passing traffic.
56. Lilienthal Glider – Otto Lilienthal, a German inventor who also made a study of the flight of birds and
experimented with ornithopters, going so far as to build and model ornithopter. His chief work was with
Glider. However, in 1891, he made the first of a number of a Glider flights which were to exert a
profound influence on development of aviation.
57. Lindberg’s Spirit of St. Louis - The first solo flight from New York to Paris, made by Capt. Charles A.
Lindberg in May 1927 in a plane specially designed for the flight, the St. Louis spirit, was a feat that
captured popular imagination in particular.
58. Man Power - Early human beings, who had no domesticated animals carry their own burdens
59. Media. Government and privately-owned publications and radio and television broadcasting companies
provide necessary and updated traffic-related information to the public through their respective
programs.
60. Montgolfier Balloon – the Montgolfier brothers of France Joseph Michael and Jacques Entienne have
successfully released several balloons when they propose to use to condemned prisoners for the first
ascent with passengers. Pilatre de Rozier, a natural historian protested this and claimed the honor for
himself. He and the Marquis d 'Arlanoes became the first men to climb openly in 1783. The linen-built,
hot-air-inflated balloon traveled 9,000 yards and stayed in the air for 20 minutes.
61. Motor Vehicle - Any vehicle powered by any power other than muscle strength on public highways but
except road rollers, trolley cars, street sweepers, sprinklers, lawn mowers, bulldozers, graders, forklifts,
amphibious trucks and cranes shall, if not used on public highways, be understood to mean any
vehicle.
62. Motorcycle and other vehicle lights. Every motor vehicle of less than one meter of projected width
shall be subject to the preceding provisions of this section, except that one headlight and one taillight
shall be required. No signal light shall be necessary.
63. Mufflers. – Every motor vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine shall be equipped with a
muffler, and whenever said motor vehicle passes through a street of any city, municipality, or thickly
populated district or barrio, the muffler shall not be cut out or disconnected. No motor vehicle shall be
operated in such a manner as to cause it to emit or make any unnecessary or disagreeable odor,
smoke or noise.
64. Municipal Governments – their responsibilities are of maintaining traffic facilities within barangays
roads and the likes.
65. Noise. The sound coming from cars may affect the health of the public. As cited by Delizo 2014 on his
book Traffic management and accident investigation, the exact influence of traffic noise on human
behavior is not well understood. It is known that continued exposure noise level beyond 80 dBA
(decibel annually) causes loss of hearing.
66. of traffic safety knowledge or any matters related to the use of the traffic way or roadways.
67. Overtaking a Vehicle. – In overtaking and passing, a driver should pass at a safe distance to the left of
the vehicle being overtaken.
68. Owner - The actual legal owner of a motor vehicle, on whose behalf the vehicle is properly licensed
with the Land Transportation Board, shall be referred to.
69. Ox – cattle which was first domesticated in Mesopotamia, were used to draw war chariots.
70. Parked Vehicle. – A vehicle is considered as parked if it has been brought to a stop on the shoulder or
proper edge of a highway, and remains inactive in that place or close thereto for an appreciable period
of time. Prohibited in Specified Places. – No driver shall park a vehicle, or permit it to stand, whether
attended or unattended, upon a highway in any of the following places: Within an intersection. On a
crosswalk.
71. 'parking' if the vehicle has been driven to a stop on the shoulder or proper edge of the road and
remains inactive in or near that position for a substantial period of time. An automobile that properly
stops merely for the unloading of a passenger or for the receiving of a waiting passenger or for the
loading or unloading of a small quantity of goods with fair dispatch shall not be deemed to be 'parked' if
the vehicle departs again without delay.
72. Passenger automobiles - All pneumatic-tire vehicles of types identical to those commonly recognized
under the following conditions shall be understood: touring vehicle, command vehicle, speedster, sports
car, roadster, jeep, cycling vehicle (with the exception of motor wheels and similar small outfits listed as
motorcycles), coupe, landaulet, closed vehicle, limousine, cabriolet and sedan.
73. passenger car - truck not used for hire with seating compartments at the rear.
74. passenger truck - that a motor vehicle registered for more than nine passengers.
75. Pedestrian - is a person traveling on foot either walking or running.
76. Philippine National Police (PNP). The PNP through its Traffic Management Group (PNP-TMG) is
responsible primarily for the direct implementation of traffic rules and regulations. They also perform
other functions such as conducting of information dissemination campaign, submitting traffic scheme
proposals, and other functions as the need arises.
77. Physical Inadequacy. This is indicated by lack of roads, narrow bridges, railroad crossing, lack of
traffic facilities and the like.
78. Police Traffic Enforcement. This office is not only the PNP-HPG (formerly TMG) but it also includes
all government offices or personnel who are duly authorized or deputized for the direct enforcement of
traffic laws.
79. Poor Control Measures. This is indicated by ineffective mechanical control devices (traffic lights),
inefficient traffic officers, and poor implementation of traffic laws, rules and regulations.
80. Poor Maintenance. This is characterized by unrepaired diggings, cracks or road pavement or
unfinished road construction. This could also be cause by inappropriate budget for maintenance for
traffic facilities.
81. Predict – the actions of other road users.
82. Professional driver - Any driver employed or charged for driving or running a motor vehicle, whether
for private use or for public hire, shall be referred to as each and every driver. A professional driver is
any person driving his own motor vehicle for hire. A professional driver differs from a non-professional
driver because the latter can only drive a private car and cannot be employed as a driver.
83. Profilograph - devised used to measure pavement surface roughness.
84. Provincial Governments – the level of this government is equipped with responsibilities of
improvement and maintenance of municipal roads within the province.
85. Public Information Offices. The government through the Philippine Information Agency (PIA) provides
the necessary updated information to the public by creating traffic safety campaigns and other activities
relating to traffic.
86. Public Information Programs. The citizens should be informed with anything that has to with traffic or
transportation. This could be done through information agencies or the social media platform.
Examples that is needed to be disseminate is about traffic laws, or other matters relating to traffic like
the use of radio-frequency identification (RFID).
87. Reindeer – first domesticated in Siberia in the beginning of Christian era. Deer draws
sledge or in the Altai Mountains they were ridden with saddles.
88. Restriction as to Speed. Any person driving a vehicle on a road shall drive at a careful and prudent
speed, not greater nor less than is reasonable and proper, having due regard for the traffic, the width of
the highway, and of any other condition then and there existing; and no person shall drive any vehicle
upon a highway at a speed as to endanger the life, limb and property of any person, nor at a speed
greater than will permit him/her to bring the vehicle to a stop within the assured clear distance ahead.
89. Restrictions on Overtaking and Passing - The driver of a vehicle shall not drive to the left side of the
center line of a highway in overtaking or passing another vehicle unless such left side is clearly visible,
and is free of oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance ahead to permit such overtaking or passing to be
made in safety.
90. RIGHT OF WAY - This principle refers to the legal or customary precedence (priority in time and place)
which allows one vehicle to cross or pass in front of another.
91. RIGHTS OF PERSON UNDER CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION -For the rights of persons under
custodial investigation this will serves as your assignment. Therefore search for the law providing for
this rights and write down the rights of persons arrested or under custodial investigation provided and
their respective penalties for any violation. You may write your assignment in a separate paper or you
may use electronic devices or machines for printing.
92. ROAD MARKS. These are pavement marking that pertains to all lines, patterns, words, colors or other
gadgets set into the surface or applied upon or attached to the pavement or curbing or to objects within
or adjacent to the roadway, officially placed for the purpose of regulating, warning or guiding traffic.
93. Road Surface - A good driver is one that looks ahead and recognizes any change in the road surface.
94. Road Way – refers to that part of the traffic way over which motor vehicles pass.
95. Road. Roman road system, outstanding transportation network of the ancient Mediterranean world,
extending from Britain to the Tigris-Euphrates river system and from the Danube River to Spain and
northern Africa. In all, the Romans built 50,000 miles (80,000 km) of hardsurfaced highway, primarily
for military reasons. The Romans were the major road builders in the ancient world.
96. Round and red sign – regulates the movement or turning and passing traffic regulations
97. Round black yellow signs - warning for railroad crossing
98. Santos Dumont’s Airship – one of the pioneers of lighter-than-aircraft was Alberto Santos Dumont, a
Brazilian who experimented with the steam-powered balloon in Paris. He made his first balloon ascent
in 1897 and in 1898 completed the construction of his first airship. He then built several other airships
and in 1901, made a 30-minutes round trip flight between St. Louis and Eiffel tower.
99. Schools (Public or private). Traffic education can be carried out by sharing knowledge regarding
traffic safety, for example for pedestrians, the basic of the phrase “stop, look and listen” so as a
pedestrian while using the traffic way you need to stop, look and listen before crossing or passing to
avoid any untoward incidents. Other schools offer courses related to traffic safety.
100. Scuff Mark (Side Skid Mark) – it is a roadway marking left by the tire and wheel of the vehicle
sliding slide ways as a result of the force other than centrifugal force.
101. Search – the road seen ahead, around and rear of the vehicles.
102. Shoulder – refers to either side of the roadway, especially along highways.
103. Siemen’s Rocket plane – In 1847, Ernst Werner Von Siemens, who later achieved fame as an
electrical engineer, engineered a rocket plane to be powered by the explosive power of gun powder.
Similarly, Siemen’s Rocket plane was never carried beyond the design stage.
104. Single Continuous line – overtaking or passing is only allowed when there is no oncoming
vehicles, not safe to pass.
105. Single Continuous Line On a Four Lane Road – indicates that when there are slow and fast
lanes, never overtake by passing over the solid white line, for slow moving vehicles used the lane one
and four (outer lane) and lanes two and three (inner lanes) are utilize by faster moving vehicles.
106. Single White dotted line – overtaking is allowed at any time when clear
107. Single Yellow/ white Line – a yellow/white with a dotted yellow/white indicates that you cannot
overtake if the solid line is on your side, if you overtake, return to your lane before the solid line
108. Skid Marks – dark marks found on the road due to the sudden application of breaks that locked
the wheels causing friction that leaves the marks.
109. Skip Mark – a breaking skid mark interrupted at frequent regular intervals; the skid mark made
by a bouncing wheel on which breaks keep the wheel turning.
110. Sledge oh rollers – moving heavy burdens on sledge which rested on a series of
rollers.
111. Sledge on runners – a simple sledge, probably drawn by person at the end of the
Old Stone Age in northern Europe having fragments of wooden runners which survived as
evidence.
112. Speed limit - defines the maximum, minimum or no speed limit and is normally indicated using
a traffic sign.
113. Speed Limits Uniform throughout the Philippines. No provincial, city or municipal authority
shall enact or enforce any ordinance or resolution specifying maximum allowable speeds other than
those provided in this Act.
114. Steady Green – this signals you to go
115. Steady Red – this signals you to stop at the designated line
116. Steady Yellow – this signals you to prepare to stop
117. Stop lights. – Every motor vehicle shall be equipped at the rear with at least one lamp which
shall throw a sustained bright red light visible under all conditions, even under bright sunlight, when the
brakes are applied. Each bus, truck, trailer or similar vehicle shall be equipped, as its stop light at or
 near its rear center, with a lamp at least twelve centimeters in diameter with the word “stop” inscribed in
the center.
118. Stop Lines – these are painted across pavement lane at traffic signs or signals. Where these
lines are present, motorist must stop behind the stop line.
119. Student Permit. Initially before you can have a driver’s license you need to have first a student
permit. Below are the qualifications, requirements and procedures.
120. Taillights. – Every motor vehicle and trailer shall, during the above-mentioned hours, also bear
on each side in the rear a lamp showing a red light visible at least one hundred meters from the rear of
the vehicle and a lamp throwing a white light upon the number plate issued for such vehicle.
121. The Barrel lines – a new concept in reducing the seriousness of accidents. The barrels are
engineered to act as impact cushion. Usually in front of a solid obstacle or traffic island at an area of
high accident frequency.
122. The Commissioner of Land Transportation or his deputies - The actual or acting head of
the Land Transportation Commission or such members, deputies or assistants as he may appoint or
nominate in writing, with the approval of the Secretary of Public Works and Communications, for the
purposes provided for in this Act. (l) “Parking or parked”, For the purposes of this Act, the meaning of a
motor vehicle shall be 'parked' or
123. Tires of Motor Vehicles. – No motor vehicle with metallic tires shall be operated upon any
public highway, and solid tires whenever used shall be of sufficient thickness to prevent the metal rims
thereof from coming in direct contact with the road.
124. Tourist - shall mean a foreigner who travels from place to place for pleasure or culture.
125. Traffic - means the movement of vehicles and people on the roadway. In this subject matter it
will present the history of traffic, defensive driving, traffic investigation and the laws related to traffic.
126. Traffic – Traffic is often used as an adjective in the Philippines, instead of the noun that it is.
127. Traffic accident – an untoward situation involving travel on a traffic way.
128. Traffic congestion – is a condition in transport that is characterized by slower speeds, longer
trip times, and increased vehicular queueing. When vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time, this is
known as a traffic jam.
129. Traffic Economy - which deals with the benefits and adverse effect of traffic to our country.
130.Traffic Education. It is the process of giving training and practice in the actual application
131. Traffic Enforcement. This pillar deals with the enforcement or implementation of traffic laws,
rules and regulations.
132. Traffic Engineering Pillar. It is the science of measuring traffic and travel, the study of basic
laws relative to the traffic flows and generation, and the application of this knowledge to the
professional practice of planning and the operating traffic systems to achieve safe and efficient
movement of persons and goods.
133. Traffic Flow - the total number of vehicles passing a given point in a given time. Traffic flow is
expressed as vehicle per hour.
a. Traffic is often used to mean “heavy traffic”. While technically speaking, traffic is the movement
of people, vehicles, or products that is powered by mechanical engine or drawn by animal going
from place to place for the purpose of travel.
134. TRAFFIC LIGHTS. This refer to any power operated traffic control device by which traffic is
warned or directed to take some specific actions. Traffic light signals are used to control traffic at
junctions and also to stop traffic to provide safe crossing points for pedestrians.
135. Traffic Management - Traffic Management refers to the combination of measures that serve to
preserve traffic capacity and improve the security, safety and reliability of the overall road transport
system.
136. Traffic operation - is designed to expedite traffic movement.
137. Traffic way – the complete width between boundary lines of every way that is open for
vehicular traffic and pedestrian as a matter of custom or right.
138. Transportation – the movement or conveying of persons and goods from one location to
another.
139. Travois – It consisted of two poles, one on either side of a dog or person, horse,
with one end of each pole
140. Triangle red and black sign – approaching a danger zone, slope and others
141. Tribometer - an instrument that measures friction on a surface.
142. TURNING. These is done when a driver wants to proceed to other lanes.
143. Two-lane One way street – both vehicles are traversing toward the same direction.
144. Two-lane Two way street – both vehicles are traversing on the opposite direction.
145. Use of red flag. – Whenever the load of any vehicle extends more than one meter beyond the
bed or body thereof, there shall be displayed at every projecting end of such load a red flag not less
than thirty centimeters both in length and width, except that during the hours fixed under subsection (c),
there shall be displayed, in lieu of the required red flags, red lights visible at least fifty meters away.
146. Vibration. Huge cargo trucks can cause vibration that may affect nearby buildings on the
roadway and it can destroy the road itself. This why authorities enforce laws about overloading of
vehicles.
147. View from the Vehicle - The driver must aim to have the best possible view of the area around
the vehicle
148. Walking (traveling by foot) – many reference book citing that early humans travel
using their own feet while dragging or carrying loads. As cited by Delizo 2014, the English
word “pedestrian” was derived from the Latin word “pedester” – meaning to travel by foot.
149. Weather Conditions - Fog, rain, fading daylight or bright sunshine will reduce visibility so
speed must be kept low.
150. Wheel - The oldest wheel found in archeological excavations was discovered in what was
Mesopotamia and is believed to be over 5,500 years old
151. Wind Power. Person recognized the power from the moving air and learned to use
such power to lift rather than to drag. This leads to the invention of air lifted transportation
vessels.
152. Windshield wiper. – Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a mechanically or electrically
operated device for wiping off raindrops or other moisture from its front windshield.
153. Wright Brothers’ flying machine – inspired by Lilienthal’s Glider experiments, Orville and
Wilbur Wright started studying the problems of heavier-than-air flight. They built biplane kite then over
200 different wing types which they tested in a wind tunnel of their own invention, before they
conducted their first man-carrying powdered machine. This flew successfully at Kitty Hawk, North
Carolina on Dec.17, 1903 by 1909; airplanes became sufficiently accepted to justify beginning
commercial manufacture of the machine.
154. Yawn Mark – a scuffmark made while a vehicleis yawning the mark made on the road by
rotating tire which is sleeping in a direction parallel to the axle of the wheel.