3.

What is A liquid in a container exerts pressure because of its

Pressure ____________.
in For example, if you try to put your finger over the end of
Liquids? a tap when it is turned on, you can feel the pressure of
the water in the pipe.
Pressure in liquid acts in all _______________.

Activity 1

1. Fill a plastic bag with water and poke several holes in

various part of it with needles. Squeeze the plastic bag
gently from the top.
Observations:

________________________________________________

Conclusion:

__________________________________________

2. Prepare a tall plastic bottle with a few Make a sketch to show the flow of
holes at different heights. Seal the water from the holes.
holes with plasticine and fill the bottle
with water.
Remove the plasticine from the holes
simultaneously and observe the flow
of water out of the holes.
 (a) What is the relationship between the pressure of water and the distance of
its flow from the holes?

________________________________________________________________

(b) What is the relationship between pressure of water and its depth?

3. Lower the thistle funnel slowly into

the water to a depth, h = 50 cm and
the manometer reading l is measured.
Repeat with different liquid i.e.
alcohol and sea water.

(a) Which of the three liquids has the

highest pressure at the same
depth? Which liquid has the
lowest pressure?

________________________

(b) What is the relationship between the density of a liquid to its pressure?

________________________________________________________________

Relate The pressure in a liquid is _________ proportional to the

depth to depth.
pressure The pressure in a liquid __________ with depth.
in liquid
 The pressure in a liquid is __________ proportional to the
Relate
density of the liquid.
density to
pressure in
liquid

State the pressure in liquid formula

The container on the right has a base area A. It is

filled to a depth h with a liquid of density ρ.
Calculate:

(a) volume of liquid =

(b) mass of liquid =

(c) weight of liquid =

(d) force on base =

(e) pressure =

At a depth h in a liquid of density ρ :

Pressure =

Where ρ = g= h=

Derive unit for pressure in liquid:

 Solve problems involving pressure in
liquids
1. If the density of water is 1000 kg m-3,
what is the pressure due to the
water at the bottom of a swimming
pool 2 m deep?

2. Given that the density of mercury is

13 600 kg m-3. Calculate the
pressure of mercury at a point 40
cm from the mercury surface.

3. The figure shows a cross section of

a dam. The density of water in the
dam is 1000 kg m-3. The pressure
exerted by the water at X is …….

4. A deep- sea diver is wearing a watch

that can withstand a maximum
pressure of 4.5 x 106 Pa due to the
sea water. [Density of the sea water
= 1030 kg m-3 , g = 10 N kg-1]
(a) Calculate the maximum depth
the diver can dive without
spoiling the watch.

(b) If the surface area of the glass

of the watch is 9.0 cm2 ,
calculate the force acting on the
glass of the watch due to the
sea water at a depth of 100 m.
5. In the diagram on the right:
(a) How does the pressure at A
compare with the pressure at B?

(b) How does the pressure at B

compare with the pressure at D?

(c) How does the pressure at A

compare with the pressure at C?

(d) Calculate the pressure at B due to

the water.

(e) If the water in the system were

replaced with paraffin, how would
this affect the pressure at B?

6. The figure shows a bottle filled with 40 cm height of

liquid A and 70 cm height of liquid B. The densities of
liquid A and liquid B are 1000 kg m-3 and 2500 kg m-3
respectively. What is the pressure of
(a) liquid A at point P?
(b) liquid A and liquid B at point Q?

Describe the applications of pressure in liquids

1. Dam holds water at high altitude. The

wall of the dam has to be thicker at the
base than at the top because it must
withstand the __________ pressure in
depths of the water.
2. Water is stored in water tank at higher 3. Submarine is built with thick wall so
level so as to supply water at as to withstand enormous pressure
__________ pressure. at _________ depth.

4. A patient receiving intravenous drips

of a certain fluid from a bottle. In
order for the fluid to flow into the vein,
the bottle must be placed at a height
above the injection site so it has
__________ pressure to flow into the
veins of the patient.

5. (a) Figure (a) shows a

container of herbal tea.
Explain why the tea flows
out of the tap at a fast
speed.

(b) Explain why when there

is very little tea left in
the container, it is
easier for the tea to
flow out of the tap when
the container is tilted as
shown in figure (b).

6. Why does the water

pressure from a tap at the
top floor is lower than the
water pressure from a tap at
the bottom floor of an
apartment?
 [SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH]]

TUTORIAL 3.2 4. The figures show liquids in

containers. Which column of
1. An air bubble is at a depth of 5 m liquid exerts the greatest pressure
below the surface of a lake . What on the base of its container?
is the pressure of water on the
bubble if the density of the water
is 1 000 kg m-3?
A. 5 x 10-3 Pa
B. 2 x 10 2 Pa
C. 5 x 10 3 Pa
D. 5 x 104 Pa

2. The figure shows a high tin with a

length of 100 cm is filled to the full
with water.

5. The figure shows a polystyrene

block being pushed to a depth of
h cm from the water surface. P is
the water pressure acting on
surface Q.

If the pressure caused by the

water at point P is 8000 Pa, What
is the value of L?
(Density of water = 1000 kg m - 3 )
A 10 cm B 20 cm
C 60 cm D 80 cm
Which graph shows the
3. Which one of the following is not relationship between P and h
true? when the block is pushed deeper
A The pressure in a liquid into the water? (2005)
increases with depth
B The pressure in a liquid
increases with density of the
water
C The pressure in a liquid
increases with area of contact
D The pressure in a liquid
increases with the
gravitational acceleration
 [SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH]]

6. The figure shows three containers

with different shapes filled with
water with the same level. The
pressure caused by the water at
point P , Q and R are P1 , P2 and
P3 respectively.

Which comparison is correct?

A X1 > X 2 > X 3
B X1 < X 2 < X 3
C X1=X2 = X3

Which comparison is correct? 9. The figure shows a siphon

A P1 > P 2 > P 3 system.
B P1 < P 2 < P 3
C P1=P2 = P3

7. Equal masses of water are poured

into four jars as shown. In which
jar is the pressure exerted by the
water on the base the greatest?
Which of the following is true?
A Water in beaker A flows into
beaker B until the volume of
water in beaker A is the same
as the volume of water in
beaker B
B Water in beaker A flows into
beaker B until the level of
water in beaker A is the same
as the level of water in beaker
8. The figure shows three wooden B
blocks J,K and L are pressed into C Water in beaker A flows into
the water until the base of its beaker B until beaker B is
reach at level P. full
The pressure caused by the water D Water in beaker A flows into
at base of the wooden blocks J , beaker B until beaker B is
K and L are X1 , X2 and X3 empty
respectively.
 [SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH]]

10. Diagram below shows the process 13. The wall of a dam is much
of supplying water from a water thicker at the bottom than at the
tank on a hill to a water tank X on top because
a tall building. A pressure of water at the upper
level is higher than pressure
of water at the deeper level
B pressure of water at the upper
level is lower than pressure of
water at the deeper level
C pressure of water at the upper
level is the same as than
pressure of water at the
deeper level

14. Diagram 7 shows two identical

Calculate the pressure of the containers containing liquid P and
water at X. [Density of water = liquid Q.
1000 kgm-3] (2006)
A. 1.4 x 105 N m-2
B. 1.6 x 105 N m-2
C. 2.6 x 105 N m-2
D. 3.0 x 105 N m-2

11. Diagram below shows a fish in the

sea.

When the height of liquid P is 15

cm and the height of liquid Q is 20
cm, water spurt is the same. The
density of liquid P is 2.0 g cm-3.
What is the density of liquid Q?
(2008)
A. 0.67 g cm-3
B. 1.30 g cm-3
What is the pressure exerted by C. 1.50 g cm-3
the water on the fish? (2007) D. 2.70 g cm-3
[water density = 1 000 kgm-3]
A. 6 x 10-3 Pa
B. 6 x 101 Pa
C. 6 x 103 Pa
D. 6 x 104 Pa
 [SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH]]

15. Diagram 10 shows the water B. Pu < PT < PS

piping system of a house. C. Pu = PT > PS
D. Pu = PT < PS

17. Diagram 9 shows water spurting

out from a container at different
depths.

What is the water pressure in the

tap? Density of water = 1 000 kg
m-3 and atmospheric pressure = Diagram 9
1.0 x 105 Pa. (2008)
A. 8.0 x 103 Pa Which graph shows the correct
B. 5.8 x 104 Pa relationship between the
C. 1.08 x 105 Pa pressure exerted by the water, p
D. 1.58 x 105 Pa and the depth of the water, h?

16. Diagram 8 shows two divers in a

lake and a diver in a sea. The
pressure of water at T, S and U
is PT , PS and PU respectively.

Diagram 8

Which of the following

comparisons is correct about
the pressure exerted on the
divers?
A. Pu > PT > PS
 [SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH]]

1. Question 2: Kelantan 10
Diagram 2.1 shows two different
containers filled with water. The
water pressure at point P and point Q
are the same.

Diagram 2.2

Diagram 2.3 shows the water in

container B is replaced by liquid X
which has higher density than water.

(a) What is the meaning of

pressure?

.........................................................
[1 mark]
Diagram 2.3
(b) State one factor that affect the
water pressure at point P and Q. Sketch the spurt of liquid X in
Diagram 2.3.
.......................................................... [1 mark]
[1 mark]

(c) Calculate the water pressure at

point P.
[Density of water = 1000 kgm-3]
[2 marks]

(d) Diagram 2.2 shows the water

spurt when a hole is made near
the base of container B.
 [SM SAINS MUZAFFAR SYAH]]

2. SPM 2007 paper 2 A2 c. Based on Diagram 2, compare the

Diagram 2 shows a water tank that water pressure at P and at Q.
supplies water to a block of flats. Explain your answer.
The water flows to each unit of the
flat due to water pressure. ..........................................................
[2 m]

a. What is meant by pressure?

...........................................................
[1 m]

b. A water tank with a height of 3.0

m is fully filled with water.
Calculate the water pressure at
the base of the water tank.
[Density of water = 1 000 kgm-3]

[2 m]