World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology

International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering

Vol:9, No:2, 2015

Unsteady Poiseuille Flow of an Incompressible

Elastico-Viscous Fluid in a Tube of Spherical Cross
Section on a Porous Boundary
Sanjay Baburao Kulkarni

 important application is in the petroleum industry, where

Abstract—Exact solution of an unsteady flow of elastico-viscous crude oil is tapped from natural underground reservoirs in
fluid through a porous media in a tube of spherical cross section which oil is entrapped. Since the flow behaviour of fluids in
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:9, No:2, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10000541

under the influence of constant pressure gradient has been obtained in petroleum reservoir rock depends, to a large extent, on the
this paper. Initially, the flow is generated by a constant pressure
properties of the rock, techniques that yield new or additional
gradient. After attaining the steady state, the pressure gradient is
suddenly withdrawn and the resulting fluid motion in a tube of information on the characteristics of the rock would enhance
spherical cross section by taking into account of the porosity factor of the performance of the petroleum reservoirs. A related bio-
the bounding surface is investigated. The problem is solved in two- mechanical application is the flow of fluids in the lungs, blood
stages the first stage is a steady motion in tube under the influence of vessels, arteries and so on, where the fluid is bounded by two
a constant pressure gradient, the second stage concern with an layers which are held together by a set of fairly regularly
unsteady motion. The problem is solved employing separation of
spaced tissues.
variables technique. The results are expressed in terms of a non-
dimensional porosity parameter (K) and elastico-viscosity parameter Viscous fluid flow over wavy wall had attracted the
(β), which depends on the Non-Newtonian coefficient. The flow attention of relatively few researchers although the analysis of
parameters are found to be identical with that of Newtonian case as such flows finds application in different areas, such as
elastic-viscosity parameter tends to zero and porosity tends to transpiration cooling of re-entry vehicles and rocket boosters,
infinity. It is seen that the effect of elastico-viscosity parameter, cross hatching on ablative surfaces and film vaporization in
porosity parameter of the bounding surface has significant effect on
combustion chambers etc. Especially, where the heat and mass
the velocity parameter.
transfer takes place in the chemical processing industry, the
Keywords—Elastico-viscous fluid, Porous media, Second order problem by considering the permeability of the bounding
fluids, Spherical cross-section. surface in the reactors assumes greater significance. Many
materials such as drilling muds, clay coatings and other
I. INTRODUCTION suspensions, certain oils and greases, polymer melts,
elastomers and many emulsions have been treated as non-
F LOW through porous media has been the subject of
considerable research activity in recent years because of
its several important applications notably in the flow of oil
Newtonian fluids. Because of the difficulty to suggest a single
model, which exhibits all properties of non-Newtonian fluids,
they cannot be described simply as Newtonian fluids and there
through porous rock, the extraction of geothermal energy from
has been much confusion over the classification of non-
the deep interior of the earth to the shallow layers, the
Newtonian fluids. However, non-Newtonian fluids may be
evaluation of the capability of heat removal from particulate
classified as (i) fluids for which the shear stress depends only
nuclear fuel debris that may result from a hypothetical
on the rate of shear; (ii) fluids for which the relation between
accident in a nuclear reactor, the filtration of solids from
shear stress and shear rate depends on time; (iii) the visco-
liquids, flow of liquids through ion exchange beds, drug
elastic fluids, which possess both elastic and viscous
permeation through human skin, chemical reactor for
properties.
economical separation or purification of mixtures and so on.
Because of the great diversity in the physical structure of
In many chemical processing industries, slurry adheres to
non-Newtonian fluids, it is not possible to recommend a single
the reactor vessels and gets consolidated. As a result of this,
constitutive equation as the equation for use in the cases
the chemical compounds within the reactor vessel percolates
described in (i) – (iii). For this reason, many non-Newtonian
through the boundaries causing loss of production and then
models or constitutive equations have been proposed and most
consuming more reaction time. In view of such technological
of them are empirical or semi-empirical. For more general
and industrial importance wherein the heat and mass transfer
three dimensional representation, the method of continuum
takes place in the chemical industry, the problem by
mechanics is needed [1]. Although many constitutive
considering the permeability of the bounding surfaces in the
equations have been suggested, many questions are still
reactors attracted the attention of several investigators. An
unsolved. Some of the continuum models do not give
satisfactory results in accordance with available experimental
Dr. Sanjay Baburao Kulkarni is with the Finolex Academy of Management data. For this reason, in many practical applications, empirical
and Technology, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra 415639 India (phone: 02352-228361,
228445, 229657; fax: 02352-228436; e-mail: [email protected]).
or semi-empirical equations have been used.

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 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering
Vol:9, No:2, 2015

It has been shown that for many types of problems in which vertical wavy walls. Subsequently, [13] had examined the
the flow is slow enough in the visco-elastic sense, the results problem of MHD flow with slip effects and temperature
given by Oldroyd’s constitutive equations will be substantially dependent heat source in a viscous incompressible fluid
equal to those of the second or third order Rivilin – Ericksen confined between a long vertical wall and a parallel flat plate.
constitutive equations [2]. Thus if this is the sense in which Later, [14] examined the problem of elastico-viscous fluid of
the solutions to which problems are to be interpreted, it would second order type where the bounding surface is porous and
seem reasonable to use the second or third order constitutive subjected to sinusoidal disturbances. Subsequently, [15]
equations in carrying out the calculations. This is particularly studied the unsteady poiseuille flow of second order fluid in a
so in view of the fact that, the calculation will generally be tube of elliptical cross section on the porous boundary.
still simpler. For this reason, in this paper, the second order Recently, [23] had examined the problem of unsteady flow of
fluid model is used. The constitutive equation for the fluids of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid in the
second grade (or second order fluids) is a linear relationship tube of elliptical cross section under the influence of the
between the stress, the first Rivlin - Ericksen tensor, its square magnetic field.
and the second Rivlin – Ericksen tensor. The constitutive In all above investigations, the fluid under consideration
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:9, No:2, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10000541

equation has three coefficients. There are some restrictions on was viscous incompressible fluid and one of the bounding
these coefficients due to the Clausius – Duhem inequality and surfaces has a wavy character or bounding surface subjected to
the assumption that the Helmholtz free energy is a minimum sinusoidal disturbances. In all of the above situations, not
in equilibrium. A comprehensive discussion on the restrictions much of attention has been paid on the study of unsteady flow
for these coefficients has been given in [3], [4]. One of these of second order fluid in an infinitely long tube of circular,
coefficients represents the viscosity coefficient in a way elliptical or spherical cross section on the porous boundary.
similar to that of a Newtonian fluid in the absence of the other Therefore, an attempt has been made to study the effects of the
two coefficients. The restrictions on these two coefficients flow of incompressible elastico-viscous fluid of second order
have not been confirmed by experiments and the sign of these type in an infinitely long tube of spherical cross section is
material moduli is the subject of much controversy [5]. The considered under constant pressure gradient on the porous
equation of the motion of incompressible second grade fluids, boundary. The results are expressed in terms of a non-
in general, is of higher order than the Navier – Stokes dimensional porosity parameter, which depends on the non-
equation. The Navier - Stokes equation is second order partial Newtonian coefficient. It is noticed that the flow properties are
differential equation, but the equation of motion of a second identical with those in the Newtonian case (   0, K   ).
order fluid is a third order partial differential equation. A
marked difference between the case of the Navier – Stokes II. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
theory and that for fluids of second grade is that ignoring the
In the sense of [16] a simple material is a substance for
nonlinearity in the Navier – Stokes equation does not lower
which stress can be determined with entire knowledge of the
the order of the equation however, ignoring the higher order
history of the strain. This is called simple fluid, if it has
nonlinearities in the case of the second grade fluid, reduces the
property that at all local states, with the same mass density, are
order of the equation. Exact solutions are very important for
intrinsically equal in response, with all observable differences
many reasons. They provide a standard for checking the
in response being due to definite differences in the history. For
accuracies of many approximate methods such as numerical
any given history g (s) , a retarded history g (s) can be defined
and empirical. Although computer techniques make the
complete numerical integration of the non-linear equations as:
feasible, the accuracy of the results can be established by a
comparison with an exact solution. Many attempts to collect g ( s )  g (s ) ; 0  s   , 0    1 (1)
the exact solution of the nonlinear equations for unsteady flow
of second grade fluid have been by different researcher for  being termed as a retardation factor. Assuming that the
different geometries. stress is more sensitive to recent deformation that to the
In view of several industrial and technological importance, deformations at distant past, it has been established by [17]that
[6] studied the problem of the exact solutions of two the theory of simple fluids yields the theory of perfect fluids as
dimensional flows of a second order incompressible fluid by   0 and that of Newtonian Fluids as a correction (up to the
considering the rigid boundaries. Later, a linear analysis of the order of  ) to the theory of the perfect fluids. Neglecting all
compressible boundary layer flow over a wall was presented the terms of the order of higher than two in  , We have
by [7]. Subsequently, [8] studied the problem of Rayleigh for incompressible elastic-viscous fluid of second order type
wavy wall while [9] examined the effect of small amplitude whose constitutive relation is governed by:
wall waviness upon the stability of the laminar boundary
layer. Further, the problem of free convective heat transfer in a (1) 2
S   PI  1 Eij  2 Eij  3 Eij
(1) ( 2)
(2)
viscous incompressible fluid confined between vertical wavy
wall and a particle flat wall was examined by [10], [11]. Later,
[12] studied the free convective flow of a viscous where
incompressible fluid in porous medium between two long

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 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering
Vol:9, No:2, 2015

P1  P2 (8)
Eij(1)  U i , j  U j ,i q  CA(  G )
(3) H1  H 2

and k
C
Eij( 2)  Ai , j  Aj ,i  2U m,iU m, j (4) where A is the cross sectional area of the filter bed,  in
which k is the permeability of the material and  is the
In the above equations, S is the stress-tensor, U i and Ai coefficient of viscosity and q is the flux of the fluid. A
are the components of velocity and acceleration in the straight forward generalization of (8) yields
th
direction of the i coordinate X i while P is indeterminate

V
-

η
k (9)
 [P  G ]
hydrostatic pressure. The coefficients 1 ,2 and 3 are material 

η
constants. The constitutive relation for general [18] fluid also

V
where is the velocity vector and is the unit vector along
reduces to (2), when the squares and higher orders of E ( 2) are
neglected, while the coefficients being constants. Also the the gravitational force. If any other external forces are acting
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:9, No:2, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10000541

non-Newtonian models considered by [19] could be obtained on the system, instead of gravitational force, then we have
from (2), when 2  0 and naming 3 as the coefficient of

V
-

F
k (10)
 [P   ]
cross viscosity. With reference to the [18] fluids, 2 be called 

as the coefficient of elastico- viscosity.

V
-
k
 P
The Clausius-Duhem inequality and the assumption that the In the absence of external forces,  this gives
Helmholtz free energy is minimum in equilibrium provide the

V
following restriction [3].  .
P  
k
1  0 , 2  0 , 1  2  0
Therefore, the net resulting equations (in the dimensional
The condition 1  2  0 is consequence of the Clausius- form) of motions in the X, Y and Z directions and when the
bounding surface is porous are given by
Duhem inequality and the condition 2  0 follows the
requirement that the Helmholtz free energy is a minimum in DU 1 S S S 
equilibrium. A comprehensive discussion on the restrictions   FX  XX  XY  XZ  U 1 (11)
DT X Y Z k
for 1 , 2 and 3 can be found in the work by [4]. The sign of the DU 2 SYX SYY SYZ 
  FY     U2 (12)
material moduli 1 , 2 is the subject of much controversy [5]. DT X Y Z k
DU 3 S ZX S ZY S ZZ 
In the experiments on several non-Newtonian fluids, the   FZ     U3 (13)
DT X Y Z k
experimentalists have not confirmed these restrictions 1 and
2 . Introducing the following non dimensional variables as:
If V (U1 ,U 2 ,U 3 ) is the velocity component and F
1ui L2t 2  L2  P 
12 p , X i Y
Ui  T  xi , i  yi ,
( Fx , Fy , Fz ) are the body forces acting on the system, then the L 1 L2 L L
12 ai S  1 si , j E (1)  1ei , j M  1m
equation of motion in X, Y and Z directions is given by: 2 (1)
3  L2 c Ai 
L2 L2
i, j i, j
 2 L3 L2
DU 1 S S S (5)
  FX  XX  XY  XZ
DT X Y Z 12 ei(,2j) L2 K F  1 f Z i
2
Ei(,2j)  k  zi
DU 2 S S S  2 L4 1
i 3 i
L L
  FY  YX  YY  YZ (6)
DT X Y Z
DU 3 S ZX S ZY S ZZ where T is the (dimensional) time variable, and  the mass
  FZ    (7)
DT X Y Z
density and L a characteristic length.
where We consider a class of plane flows given by the velocity
V
V
V

D  components in the directions of rectangular Cartesian

   coordinates x and y.
DT T

If the bounding surface is porous, then the rate of u1  u ( y, z, r , t ) and u2  0 (14)

percolation of the fluid is directly proportional to the cross
sectional area of the filter bed and the total force, say the sum The velocity field given by (14) identically satisfies the
of the pressure gradient and the gravity force [20]. incompressibility condition. The stress can now be obtained in

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 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering
Vol:9, No:2, 2015

the non-dimensional form as: the center of the tube, y  z  r  0.

u 2 (15)
s xx   p   c ( ) III. SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM
y
Erdogan has presented the unsteady flows of an
u 2
s yy   p  ( c  2  )( ) (16) incompressible viscous fluid in rectangular and circular cross-
y
sections. In this paper we have solved unsteady two
u  u (17)
s xy   ( ) dimensional flow problem exactly using separation of
y y t variables [21]. To reduce the unsteady problem given in (21)
into steady and transient problems using following
In view of the above, the equations of motion in the present transformation
case of porous boundary will yield
X - Component: u ( y, z, r , t )  f ( y, z, r )  g ( y, z, r , t ) (22)

u p  2u  2u u 2   2 u  2 u  2u 1
   2  2  2   ( 2  2  2 )  ( )u (18) Using (22) in (21) we get,
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:9, No:2, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10000541

t x y z r t y z r K
( f  g ) dp  2 ( f  g )  2 ( f  g )  2 ( f  g )
   
Y - Component t dx y 2 z 2 r 2
 2 ( f  g) 2 ( f  g) 2 ( f  g) 1
p  u  u u u  (   )  ( )( f  g )
0    (2   c ) ( ) 2  ( ) (19) t y 2 z 2 r 2 K
y y y z y z r
On simplification we get following equation.
Z – Component
g dp  2 f  2 g  2 f  2 g  2 g  2 f
p  u u u  u       
0  ( 2   c ) ( )  ( )2 (20) t dx y 2 y 2 z 2 z 2 r 2 r 2 (23)
z y y z r z z
  f  g  f  g  g  f
2 2 2 2
1 2
1 2
 (      )  ( ) f  ( )g
t y 2 y 2 z 2 z 2 r 2 r 2 K K
Equation (18) shows that  p must be independent of space
x
Comparing the terms from the above (23) we get steady and
variables and hence may be taken as  (t ) ; (19) now yields
unsteady problems. The steady state problem is related to the
u 2
function f ( y , z , r ) in (23) is given by:
p  p0 (t )   (t ) x  (c  2  )( )
y
dp  2 f  2 f  2 f  2 f 1
p      2 ( )f 0
 0 and p  0 . dx y 2 y 2 z 2 r K
y z
After rearranging terms in above steady problem we get
showing that p  p (x ) . Therefore (18)-(20) reduce to single following equation:
equation the flow characterized by the velocity is given by:
 2 f  2 f  2 f dp 1 (24)
   ( )f
u dp  u  u  u
2 2
 u u u
2
1 2 2 2
y 2 z 2 r 2 dx K
      ( 2  2  2 )  ( )u (21)
t dx y 2 z 2 r 2 t y z r K
To solve the steady state problem by assuming solution
where K is the non-dimensional porosity constant. It may be f ( y , z ) of the following form
noted that the presence of  changes the order of differential
from two to three. f ( y, z, r )  p(1  y 2  z 2  r 2 ) (25)
Consider the flow of an incompressible unsteady flow of an
elastico-viscous fluid, isothermal second order fluid in an Using (25) in (24) we get steady state solution given by
infinitely long tube, under constant pressure gradient and
negligible gravity. The tube has a spherical cross-section. The 2 2 dp 1
[ p (1  y 2  z 2  r 2 )]  2 [ p (1  y 2  z 2  r 2 )]   p (1  y 2  z 2  r 2 )
flow is considered to be unsteady and two dimensional. y 2 z dx K
Accordingly the flow velocity u has one non-vanishing 2p  2p 2p 
dp 1
 p (1  y 2  z 2  r 2 )
component u x , which depends on the coordinates y, z and r dx K
1 dp
given in (21). Boundary conditions require that the flow 6p  p(1  y 2  z 2  r 2 ) 
K dx
velocity vanishes at the wall of the tube, i.e. on the sphere
y 2  z 2  r 2  1 and that the gradient of the velocity vanishes at On simplification of above equation we get the value of p

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Vol:9, No:2, 2015

is given by Dividing by YZR and rearranging the terms

dp T T 1  2Y 1  2 Z 1  2 R 1
dx  (T   )(   ) T
p t t Y y 2 Z z 2 R r 2 K
 1 2 
6  K (1  y  z  r ) 
2 2

  T 1
 T
t K  ( 1  Y  1  Z  1  R )   P 2
2 2 2

Now putting the value of p in (25) we get steady state T Y y 2

Z z 2
R r 2
T 
t
solution.
T 1
1  2Y 1  2 Z 1  2 R  T
    P 2 and t K   P 2
dp
(1  y 2  z 2  r 2 )
(26) Y y 2 Z z 2 R r 2 T
f ( y, z , r )   dx T 
 1 2 
t
6  K (1  y  z  r ) 
2 2

 
1  2Y 1 2Z 1 2R
 J 2 ,   L2 ,  M 2
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:9, No:2, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10000541

The unsteady state problem is related to the function g ( y , z , t ) Y y 2

Z z 2
R r 2

in (23) is given by:

T 1
g  2 g  2 g  2 g  2g 2g 2g (1   P 2 )  (  P 2 )T  0
 2  2  2  ( 2  2  2 ) g
1 (27) t K
t y z r t y z r K
The modified system of differential initial and boundary
Subject to following boundary and initial conditions conditions are given by

g (1, z , r , t )  0, g ( y ,1, r , t )  0, g ( y , z ,1, t )  0 Y ''  J 2Y  0, Y ' (0)  Y (1)  0,

g ( y, z , r ,0)  g ( y, z , r ) g (0, z, r , t )  0, g ( y,0, r , t )  0 Z ''  L2 Z  0, Z ' (0)  Z (1)  0,
y z R ''  M 2 R  0, R' (0)  R(1)  0, (30)
g (28)
( y, z ,0, t )  0  1 2 
r (  P ) T ( 0)   f ( y , z , r ) .
T'   K 2 
T  0,
 (1  P ) 
To solve above unsteady state IBVP using separation of  
variables method and assuming solution g ( y , z , r , t ) of the
following form. The solutions obtained for differential equations are

g ( y, z , r , t )  Y ( y ) Z ( z ) R(r )T (t ) (29) (2m  1)y , m  0,1,2,........

Ym  B m cos
2
Using (29) in (27) we get (2n  1)z
Z n  Dn cos , n  0,1,2,........
2
 2 2 2  2 (2n  1)z ,
(YZRT )  2 (YZRT )  2 (YZRT )  2 (YZRT )   ( 2 (YZRT ) o  0,1,2,........
t y z r t y Ro  E o cos (31)
2
2 2 1
 (YZRT )  2 (YZRT ))  YZRT  1 (2m  1) 2 (2n  1) 2 (2o  1) 2 
z r K  ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ) 
2

Tmno  exp  K 2 2 2 t
(2m  1) 2 (2n  1) 2 (2o  1) 2 
On simplification by using partial differentiation we get  (1   (( ) ( ) ( ) )) 
 2 2 2 
The solution of the unsteady problem is given by
T  2Y 2Z 2R
YZR  ZRT 2  YRT 2  YZT 2 
t y z r   
(2m  1)y
  2Y 2Z 2R 1 g ( y, z , r , t )    D mno cos
 ( ZRT 2  YRT 2  YZT 2 )  YZRT m0 n 0 o0 2
t y z r K (2n  1)z (2o  1)r
cos cos
T  2Y 2Z 2R 2 2
YRZ  ZRT 2  YRT 2  YZT 2 
t y z r  1 (2m  1) 2 (2n  1) 2 (2o  1) 2 
 ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ) 
T  2Y 2Z 2R 1 exp K 2 2 2 t
 ( ZRT 2  YRT 2  YZT 2 )  YZRT  (1   (( (2m  1) ) 2  ( (2n  1) ) 2  ( (2o  1) ) 2 )) 
t y z r K  
2 2 2
T T  2Y 2Z 2R 1
YZR  (T   )( ZR 2  YR 2  YZ 2 )  YZRT
t t y z r K where

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8
1 1 1
(2m  1)y T Time parameter
ab 0  
Dmno   f ( y, z, r ) cos (32)
0 0
2 Ui Velocity component in the ith direction
(2n  1)z (2o  1)r
cos cos dydzdr
2 2 REFERENCES
[1] K. R. Rajagopal, P. L. Koloni, ”Continuum Mechanics and its
and the complete velocity distribution is given by Applications”, Hemisphere Press, Washington, DC, 1989.
[2] K. Walters, “Relation between Coleman-Nall, Rivlin-Ericksen, Green-
u ( y, z, r , t )  f ( y, z, r )  g ( y, z, r , t ) Rivlin and Oldroyd fluids”, ZAMP, 21, 1970 pp. 592 - 600.
[3] J. E. Dunn, R. L. Fosdick, “Thermodynamics stability and boundedness
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u ( y , z , r , t )   dx Anal, 56, 1974, pp. 191 - 252.
 1 2  [4] J. E. Dunn, K. R. Rajagopal, “Fluids of differential type-critical review
6  K (1  y  z  r ) 
2 2

  and thermodynamic analysis”, J. Eng. Sci., 33, 1995, pp. 689 - 729.
  
(2m  1)y [5] K. R. Rajagopal, “Flow of visco-elastic fluids between rotating discs”,
  D mno cos Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn., 3, 1992, pp. 185 - 206.
m 0 n 0 o0 2 [6] N. Ch. PattabhiRamacharyulu, “Exact solutions of two dimensional
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flows of second order fluid”, App. Sc Res, Sec - A, 15. 1964, pp. 41 – 50.
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2 2 over wavy walls”, Physics of fluids, 19, 1976, pp. 514 - 19.
 1 (2m  1) 2 (2n  1) 2 (2o  1) 2  [8] P. N. Shankar, U. N. Shina, “The Rayeigh problem for wavy wall”, J.
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exp  K 2 2 2 t [9] M. Lessen, S. T. Gangwani, “Effects of small amplitude wall waviness
 (1   (( (2m  1) ) 2  ( (2n  1) ) 2  ( (2o  1) ) 2 ))  upon the stability of the laminar boundary layer”, Physics of the fluids,
 2 2 2  19, 1976, pp. 510 -513.
[10] K. Vajravelu, K. S. Shastri, “Free convective heat transfer in a viscous
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[11] U. N. Das, N. Ahmed, “Free convective MHD flow and heat transfer in
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cross-section on unsteady flow of a fluid of second order with [12] R.P Patidar, G. N. Purohit, “Free convection flow of a viscous
bounding surface is porous. When K   the results obtained incompressible fluid in a porous medium between two long vertical
for the velocity field in agreement to that of [22]. The case of wavy walls”, I. J. Math, 40, 1998, pp. 76 -86.
[13] R. Taneja, N. C. Jain, “MHD flow with slip effects and temperature
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APPENDIX [14] Ch. V. R. Murthy, S.B. Kulkarni, “On the class of exact solutions of an
1 Coefficient of viscosity
incompressible fluid flow of second order type by creating sinusoidal
disturbances”, J. Def.Sci, 57, 2, 2007, pp. 197-209.
[15] S. B. Kulkarni, “Unsteady poiseuille flow of second order fluid in a tube
g (s) Retarded history
of elliptical cross section on the porous boundary”, Special Topics &
Reviews in Porous Media., 5, 2014, pp. 269 – 276.
Ai Acceleration component in the ith coordinate
[16] W. Noll, “A mathematical theory of mechanical behaviour of continuous
L Characteristic Length media”, Arch. Ratl. Mech. & Anal., 2, 1958, pp. 197 – 226.
[17] B. D. Coleman, W. Noll, “An approximate theorem for the functionals
3 Coefficient of cross-viscosity with application in continuum mechanics”, Arch. Ratl. Mech and Anal,
6, 1960, pp. 355 – 376.
2 Coefficient of elastico-viscosity [18] R. S. Rivlin, J. L. Ericksen, “Stress relaxation for isotropic materials”, J.
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M.Reiner, “A mathematical theory of diletancy”,Amer.J. ofMaths, 64,
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H. Darcy, “ Les Fontaines Publiques de la Ville de, Dijon, Dalmont,
c Dimensionless cross viscosity parameter
[21]
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 Dimensionless elastico-viscosity parameter of a Second-grade fluid in a duct of uniform cross-section”, Int. Journal
of Non-Linear Mechanics, 39, 2004, pp. 1379-1384.
F Dimensionless External force applied [22] S. Islam, Z. Bano, T. Haroon and A.M. Siddiqui, “Unsteady poiseuille
p Dimensionless indeterminate hydrostatic pressure flow of second grade fluid in a tube of elliptical cross-section”, 12, 4,
2011. 291-295.
K Dimensionless porosity factor [23] S. B. Kulkarni, “Unsteady flow of an incompressible viscous electrically
conducting fluid in tub of elliptical cross section under the influence of
ui Dimensionless velocity component along the i th
magnetic field”, International Journal of Mathematical, Computational,
coordinate Physical and Quantum Engineering, 8(10), 2014, pp. 1311 – 1317.
g (s) Given history
P Indeterminate hydrostatic pressure
 Retardation factor Dr.Sanjay Baburao Kulkarni obtained his MSc (Applied
Mathematics) and PGDCA, both from the Gulbarga
S Stress tensor University Gulbarga, in 1995 and 1996 and PhD from Dr.
Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, in

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 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering
Vol:9, No:2, 2015

2010. Presently, he is Associate Professor and Head Department of Applied

Mathematics at Finolex Academy of Management and Technology, Ratnagiri.
He has published many research papers in national, International journal and
also he published an book on elastico-viscous fluid flows. He attend many
conferences. His areas of interest include: Applied Mathematics elastico-
viscous fluid flow problems and operation research, etc.
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:9, No:2, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10000541

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 9(2) 2015 318 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10000541