Classroom Assessment
Classroom Assessment
Classroom assessments are particularly important to improve student learning, especially when they
comprise formative feedback and help students to understand their own learning strategies
ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING
assists teachers in using evidence of student learning to assess achievement against outcomes and
standards. Sometimes referred to as ‘summative assessment’, it usually occurs at defined key points
during a teaching work or at the end of a unit, term or semester, and may be used to rank or grade
students. The effectiveness of assessment of learning for grading or ranking purposes depends on the
validity, reliability, and weighting placed on any one task. Its effectiveness as an opportunity for learning
depends on the nature and quality of the feedback.
ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING
involves teachers using evidence about students’ knowledge, understanding, and skills to inform their
teaching. Sometimes referred to as ‘formative assessment’, it usually occurs throughout the teaching and
learning process to clarify student learning and understanding.
ASSESSMENT AS LEARNING
occurs when students are their own assessors. Students monitor their own learning, ask questions and use
a range of strategies to decide what they know and can do, and how to use assessment for new learning.
LEARNING TARGETS
Learning objectives are specific goals expressed in school language that clearly indicate what students
will learn and be able to perform by the end of a class, unit, project, or course.
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
Present what needs to be learned and help both teachers and students
Describe the expected outcomes of a particular academic program or a course. Instructional
objectives define what the learner will be able to do after following instructions. At the same
time, instructional objectives are short-term and measurable, and they include the skills and
attitudes that are related to lessons.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Refer to what the students know and what they are capable of doing at the end of the course.
Learning objectives describe what learners will be able to do at the end of a lesson after doing the
prescribed activities for the lesson. Learning objectives are based on three areas of learning:
knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Learning is clarified and prioritized by the use of learning
objectives. Simultaneously, educators use learning objectives in different ways to achieve a
variety of instructional goals.
Both instructional objectives and learning objectives help learners to know about what they are going to
learn in the course. Although instructional objectives basically focus on students, learning objectives
focus on both teachers and students.