Chapter 5
Chapter 5
DISCUSSION
The teacher who is real pivot of the whole education system and the success of
the whole system directly hinges upon the teaching-learning activities including the
formulation of the instructional aims and objectives. The teacher’s personality and
style of interaction with the students has been reported to be a very crucial variable in
students achievement.
finances to run their institutions. The students – teacher ratio was reported to be
appropriate while it was indicated that qualified teachers (M.Phil., Ph.D.) were quite
Pakistan was quite low. In view of this to enter into a research career, a Ph.D. degree
institutions of higher learning where we could train our scientists and teachers. This
idea supported Govt. of Pakistan (1997) that qualified manpower is a pre-requisite for
guidance. The idea also supported UNESCO (1998) that the quality of higher
education is a multi dimensional concept, which should embrace all its functions and
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environment.
The study results in the light of teachers attitude showed that teachers used
maintained freedom security and attention in the classroom and judged students
interest through their facial and bodily postures. This idea supported Ahmad (2001)
who viewed that questions are much effective in making class attractive. The teacher
feedback to teachers. This idea also supported Iqbal (1996) he expressed that good
teachers are fair in their dealing with students. Reddy (1992) also supported by this
idea he expressed that the most important duty of a teacher is character building. He
should be a model of unity, faith and discipline. In order to inculcate the sense of
students attitude.
Teachers expressed that they like to increase their income after duty time but
not from tuition. They admitted that non-competency of teachers were the causes for
declining standard of education. Majority of the teachers held that they treated their
students without discrimination, they guided and appreciated students to adopt good
manners and habits. They wrote articles/books for the convenience of their students.
They gave feed back to the students with constructive criticism and guided students
how to use spare time. They focused their attention on character building of students.
The study results showed that teachers performed their duties regularly. They
established link between previous learning with present learning and check
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This idea supported Smith and Smith (1994) that teachers can shape the views
of the people more directly than they can of the public in general. They can attain
earned status by performing in a way that commands the respect of people who see
them in action every day. Although teacher's status and pay are not likely to increase
seeks challenging what that offers opportunities for personal growth along with social
teachers’ salaries and teaching efficiency. The teachers who receive lower salaries are
less likely to remain in the profession. This idea not supported Ahmad (2001) he
revealed in his study that hardly a quarter of the college teachers have published any
article and hardly ten percent any book. Even among university teachers the situation
is highly unsatisfactory. One third of them have not published any article and about
The teachers expressed that they were more respected than others. Their
students did not complaint against to the head of the institution. Majority of students
opined that their teachers were competent, friendly, approachable, well prepared to
deliver the lesson, provided relevant information, confident and well dressed. These
become a teacher, society will accord him respect because it values the worth of what
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This idea supported Evans (1965) he stated that pupils appreciate others
qualities more, and they like teachers to be patient, friendly and fair with a sense of
humor and willing to answer questions. These are qualities, which affect the
atmosphere of the life in the classroom and make it comfortable place in which to
work. This idea also supported Sadkar (1997) that teaching is not an insignificant,
paper shuffling kind of a job. It has meaning, worth, and value. It gives the
opportunities to touch a young and impressionable life of and make it better. Today's
teachers like doctors and lawyers are generally considered to be professionals. They
are credited with having professional knowledge, are given considerable autonomy in
their work, and have developed a code of ethics. Like other professionals, they supply
a social service that is largely dependent on intellectual abilities. This idea supported
Smith and Smith (1994) they reported that whoever adopt teaching as a profession
assumes that obligation to conduct him in accordance with the ideals of the profession.
A teacher is constantly under the scrutiny of his students and the society at large.
Therefore, every teacher should see that there is no incompatibility between his
precepts and practice. The national ideals of education which have already been set
forth and which he/she should seek to inculcate among students must be his/her own
ideals. The profession further requires that the teachers should be calm, patient and
The study results in the light of student’s attitude showed that their teacher did
not discourage and insult students in front of the whole class. They answered the
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students’ questions confidently and their positive behavior increased the academic
achievement of the students. But the students complained that their teachers behave
more nicely to some students. Their teaching mood became upset to clean the white-
This idea supported Bhatia (1977) he presented the list of qualities of teachers
which made them not only popular but also effective with pupils. They are: pleasant,
kindly disposition, with a sense of humor, cheerful and inclined to keep the class
them in their enthusiasm and interests; ready to clarify things whenever approached,
tolerant of pupils faults, willing to repeat and simplify parts of lessons not understood;
alert, active and full of enthusiasm for the task and the company of pupils; has no
favorites and is not prejudiced against any; maintains discipline, is firm but not harsh;
The study results showed that for improving the impact of teacher’s behavior
should be maintained. This idea supported Murray and Stabler (1974) who reported
that teacher’s behavior was directly related with student’s achievement. This idea also
supported Stake and Norman (1985) they viewed that teacher’s behavior was
positively associated with academic achievement. This idea supported Lecky (1945)
perception of being unable to learn academic material. The idea was suggested that
of students’ perception of their intelligence, which when positive helps them feel
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confident and able, but when negative makes them feel hesitant and uncertain. Once a
student’s self-concept of ability has evolved in a certain direction, the tendency seems
to be to make choices that work to reinforce the validity of that self-concept. This idea
students. This idea supported Spence (1983), he reported that achievement has been
evaluated. Academic achievement is measured in different ways, e.g. with the help of
Teachers expressed that priority wise, punctuality, honesty and hard work are
important qualities of teachers while students viewed that friendship, confidence and
suggested in their preference that teachers should come in the class well prepared.
increase the academic achievement of the students. Teacher expressed that major
causes which affected the academic achievement of the students were frankness with
SUMMARY
The main purpose of the study was to examine the impact of teacher’s
study consisted of all public sector university teachers and students of Pakistan
enrolled in higher education programmes. Due to limited time and available resources
with the researcher, study was delimited to the students enrolled in session 2004-2005
and semesters during same session of public sector universities. Fifteen public sector
universities with five departments were selected randomly, further five teachers and
twenty students from each department were selected randomly comprising 375
As the study was descriptive in nature therefore, two questionnaires one for
teachers and one for students were used for data collection. Researcher developed
these questionnaires using five-point Likert scale on the basis of literature, related
researches and with the help of supervisor. Questionnaire of teachers was consisted of
49 items and three open-ended items. The other questionnaire of students was
consisted of 38 items and two open ended items. Open-ended items were kept in both
questionnaires to inquire some related factors and collect suggestions for improvement
of teacher’s behavior.
requested to amend the items, in format and language to make the questionnaires
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respondents were requested to give their suggestions freely for the improvement of
viewed by teachers and students, item analysis to total Pearson correlation was
was applied to calculate internal consistency of items. Results of the pilot testing were
analyzed using the Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.0.
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CONCLUSIONS
In the light of objectives of the study the statistical analysis and findings of the
1. The statistics provided by HEC (2005) showed that at present there are 55
276,484 and 362,128 students enrolled in these institutions during the year
produced (passed) during the same years were 83998, 98296 and 106214.
17.02 to 8.06 during the year 2002-03 and 2003-04, respectively. There were
10,471 faculty members in the year 2003-04 for teaching 20,2871 students,
M.Phil. and Ph.D. faculty members in public sector universities other than
distance learning were 9.73 and 24.34 during the year 2003-04 which showed
that the ratio of highly qualified teachers were very low to enhance the quality
2. Expenditure per students during the year 2001-02, 2002-03 and 2003-04 was
trend. Funds provided during the years 2001-02, 2002-03 and 2004-05 were (in
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resources.
3. Majority of teachers opined that they felt proud and preferred teaching
profession than any other profession, for themselves, their children and for
skills. They prepared their lesson adequately by using different teaching aids.
Majority of the both teachers and students held that teachers used different
check list for assessing the students. They consulted latest researches, guided
students friendly, used library and also encouraged the students to use it.
4. Majority of the teachers expressed that they solved their teaching learning
examinations fairly. The also opined that they showed interest and respect for
the lesson and valued the facial and bodily postures of students to judge the
they liked to increase their income after duty time. They considered that
private tuition as a professional dishonesty. They also expressed that the results
of the students determined the competency of teacher. They also admitted that
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teachers were responsible for declining standard of education. They related the
5. Majority of the teachers attitude showed that they were respected more than
others. They viewed that students were treated without discrimination, students
were guided and appreciated to develop the sense of humour, students were
helped to acquire good manners and habits. Majority of the teachers expressed
parents of the students. They gave feedback to the students with constructive
criticisms, suggested students to use spare time nicely and focused on character
6. Majority of the both teachers and students opined that teachers followed time
table strictly and performed their duty regularly. They established link between
previous learning with present learning and check assignments in time. They
students and they used tests only for promoting students. They gave proper
the teachers expressed that their students did not complaint against them to the
head of the institution. Majority of the students expressed that their teachers
had command on their subjects, they come and left the class on time they were
friendly and approachable, they came in class well prepared by starting lesson
information, but behaved more nicely to some students and favoured unduly.
Majority of the students held that their teachers were confident, competent and
well dressed. They viewed that their teachers used reference books to prepare
that their teachers listened them patiently, used their voice effectively, came in
class with happy mood and made classroom environment conducive for
learning. Majority of the teachers expressed that it was easy for teachers to
make eye contact and passed smile in the class. They held that white board left
8. Majority of the students opined that their teachers did not discourage and insult
students in front of whole class. They did not became nervous on asking
questions during teaching, students also viewed that their teachers were not
academic achievement.
9. Majority of the both teachers and students indicated that important qualities of
with students, helping students at any rate, lenient treatment, little tolerance,
strict, moody, aggressive attitude, non punctuality, lack of will power, lack of
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10. Majority of the respondents expressed that for improving the impact of
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The study results reveal that there was lack of M. Phil. and Ph.D. teachers
in the public sector universities of Pakistan, resultantly there was low level
2. The study results show that teachers are responsible for declining standard
of education. The main reason is that teachers income level is very low that
is why they want to increase their income but not from tuition which they
teacher’s salaries be increased at the level where they need not to take
3. The study result found that students do not complaint against their teachers
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may take steps to remove the deficiency of teachers. In this way undesired
4. The study results revealed that white board left unclean by the previous
control, not left white board unclean. In this way the teacher’s time can be
saved and their behaviour can make classroom atmosphere pleasant which
5. The study results as viewed by the students showed that their teachers
behave more nicely to some students and favour them unduly. It is,
students at any rate, lenient treatment, little tolerance, strict, moody and
achievement.