DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY

Reviewer

Readings In Philippine History Glory – Individual explorers competed

for fame and honor for both
Treaty of Tordesillas themselves and their countries.
- official agreement between God – Europeans believed it was their
groups of people. Treaty of duty to bring Christianity to the non-
Tordesillas. believers of the world
- agreement between Spain and
Portugal dividing the rights to 333 years
colonize all lands outside of - Spanish presence in the
Europe. Philippines comprises 333 years of
- The treaty established which areas Spanish rule, from 1565 (the
in the New World would be Spanish conquest of Cebu and Manila, with
and which would be Portuguese. the latter's designation as the
The line of division was the Cape principal seat of the Spanish
Verde islands, already owned by domain in the archipelago) and
the Portuguese. Anything west of 1898 (with the end of the Philippine
these islands would become Revolution and the cession by
Spanish, while anything east of Spain of the Philippines to the
them would become Portuguese. United 
Antonio Pigafetta Blood Compact
- Pigafetta's work is important not - Its current spot holds historical
only as a source of information significance since it is where
about the voyage itself but also Miguel Lopez de Legaspi and
includes an early Western Rajah Sikatuna performed a blood
description of the people and compact on March 16, 1565. This
languages of the Philippines. Of gesture supposedly signified peace
the approximately 240 men who set and friendship between the
out with Magellan, Pigafetta was foreigners and the natives of
one of only 18 who returned to Bohol.
Spain.
Arrival in Mactan
Moluccas Island
- Lowtide
- The Portuguese explorer Ferdinand
Magellan wanted to find the first They wore metal armor which is why
western route to the Spice they can’t move freely.
Islands for the glory of Spain.
Encounters with the West
- India and Indonesia
- At the start of the 16th century,
Glory, Gold, God
Europe tremendously advanced in
Gold – Nations were always looking politics and sciences, bringing fast
for new sources of wealth. changes in many parts of the world.

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 DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY
Reviewer

Circumnavigation is defined as the The king also gave food to

act of traveling all the way around accommodate the 237 crew to last for
something. (Travel all away around the two years and with an addition of
world with a ship.) weapons and navigational instruments.
The Journey
THE SPANISH EXPEDITION September 20, 1519
FERNAO DE MAGALHAES - Magellan The expedition left San
Lucas Spain 2.
(FERDINAND MAGELLAN)
October 21, 1520
MAGELLAN IS A PORTUGUESE
WHY DID HE SERVE SPAIN? - Magellan discovered a strait in the
southernmost part of South
- By now an experienced seaman,
America and called it the “Strait of
Magellan approached King Manuel
all saints” currently called as Strait
of Portugal to seek his support for a
of Magellan.
westward voyage to the Spice
Islands. The king refused his March 17, 1521
petition repeatedly. In 1517, a
- Magellan and his crew landed on
frustrated Magellan renounced his
the island of Homonhon (Samar) at
Portuguese nationality and
the entrance of the gulf of Leyte.
relocated to Spain to seek royal
Magellan called it “The
support for his venture.
Archipelago of Saint Lazarus”
- He was not promoted in Portugal.
- Father Padre de Valderrama
THREE REASONS FOR THE
March 25, 1521
SPANISH EXPEDITION:
- Magellan and his men reached
a) To find the Spice islands
Limawasa, Leyte made a blood
b) To spread Christianity
compaxt between Rajah Kulambo
c) To add fame and glory for Spain
of Limawasa and Rajah Siagu of
Ferdinand Magellan presented his Butuan.
daring plan to King Charles I of Spain
March 31, 1521
to reach the Spice Islands by sailing
west. - The first Christian mass was held
at Limasawa, Leyte with father
Convinced by the proposition
Pedro de Valderamma.
submitted by Magellan, King Charles, I
then gave him five ships April 08, 1521
a) Trinidad - Magellan reached Cebu which was
b) Concepcion ruled then by Rajah Humabon.
c) San Antonio Magellan sought friendship among
d) Victoria (Nakabalik sa Spain) the natives and took special pride
e) Santiago. in converting them to Catholicism.

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 DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY
Reviewer

Lapu-lapu, the Mactan CUISINE

chieftain, refused the presence of
Lechon
the Spaniards and declared war
against them. Puchero
April 28, 1521 Paella (Bringhe)
- The battle of Mactan occurred due Embutido
to the refusal of a chieftain, Lapu-
lapu to recognize the Sovereignty Leche Flan
of Spain with ships, instead, Lapu- Corn
Lapu and his men fought valiantly
against the Spaniards; Magellan Sausage
died in the battle. Kare- kare
Sinigang
THE PHILIPPINES IN THE SPANISH
ERA Lumpia

Under the command of Miguel Lopez

de Legazpi and other Spanish forces, LANGUAGE
the Philippines was under the colony
of Spain and it lasted for three hundred The Filipino language, derived from
and thirty-three years. (333 years) the Tagalog language, which is the
national language today, was even a
Spanish influence.
THE THREE REASONS FOR THE Numerous words and some
SPANISH CONQUEST OF THE grammatical concepts of the Spanish
PHILIPPINES vocabulary are adapted.
GOD GLORY GOLD VALUES
“Pagmamano”
SPANISH CONTRIBUTIONS
Siesta
CATHOLICISM
Mañana Habit – Mamaya na or
Filipinos set up altars adorned with Procrastination
Catholic images, flowers, and candles
Simbang Gabi
in their homes.
Prayer
Roman Catholic Holidays: Christmas,
New Year, Semana Santa, Cockfighting
Nochebuena, All Saint’s Day

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 DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY
Reviewer

EDUCATION PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT

UNDER SPAIN
Introduced the Western System of
Education. POLITICAL SYSTEM
Spanish History and language, ⮚The earliest political system used
reading, writing, arithmetic, and music. during the Spanish era was the
Encomienda system, which
resembled the feudal system in
THE CASTE SYSTEM Medieval Europe.
THE SOCIAL CLASSES FOR THE Conqustadores Encomender
SPANISH ERA IN THE PHILIPPINES , o
Friars, Nobles
PENINSULARES - Are given Tasked to
 They are Spaniards who are estates and provide
born in Spain. other riches. military
- In exchange, services and
INSULARES they will governance to
pledge their the
 they are Spaniards born in the services to inhabitants.
Philippines who took important the king of
government positions. Spain.
MESTIZOS
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
 Filipinos mixed with other blood.
Mestizo Mestizo Tornatras
KING OF SPAIN

de de
Espanyol Sangley
GOVERMENT GENERAL

PROVINCIAL GOVERMENT:
CORREGIDORES AYUNTAMIYENTOS
MAYOR

INDIOS (Natives)
MUNICIPAL GOVERMENT:
GOBERNADORCILLO

 Filipinos who have an

Austronesian blood.
BARRIO GOVERMENT:
CABEZA DE BARANGAY

GOVERNOR-GENERAL
(Gobernador y Capitan General).
- The most powerful person in the
entire country besides the King
of Spain.
- headed the Supreme Court
(Royal Audiencia), was
Commander-in-chief of the
army and navy and was the

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Reviewer

economic planner of the MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT

country.
- The pueblo or town is headed
- All known Executive power of
by the Gobernadorcillo or “little
the Local government stemmed
governor”
from him.
- Among his administrative duties
- His yearly salary was P40,000.
were:
- For obvious reasons, the
 the preparation of the
Governor-General was usually
tribute list (Padron)
a Peninsular (Spaniard born in
 recruitment and
Spain) to ensure loyalty of the
distribution of men for
colony to the crown.
draft labor
PROVINCIAL (ALCALDIA)  communal public work
GOVERNMENT and Military conscription
(Quinto), Postal Clerk
- On the provincial level, heading
and Judge in minor civil
the pacified provinces
suits.
(Alcaldia), was the Provincial
Governor (Alcalde Mayor). GOBERNADORCILLO
- His annual salary ranged from
- He intervened in all
P300 to P2,000 before 1847
administrative cases pertaining
and P1,500 to P1,600 after it.
to his town: Lands, Justice,
- Their salaries be augmented
Finance, and the Municipal
through the special privilege of
Police.
“Indulto de Commercio” where
- His annual salary, however,
all people were forced to do
was only P24 but he was
business with him.
exempted from taxation.
- The Alcalde Mayor was usually
- Any native or Chinese mestizo,
an Insulares (Spaniard born in
25 years old, literate in oral or
the Philippines).
written Spanish and has been a
- The unpacified Military Zones
Cabeza de Barangay of 4 years
(Corrigimiento) were headed by
can be a Gobernadorcillo.
the Corregidores.
- City Governments
(Ayuntamientos), were also
headed by an Alcalde Mayor. BARRIO GOVERNMENT CABEZA
- Alcalde Mayors and Corredores DE BARANGAY:
exercised multiple prerogatives - Barrio government rested on
as Judge, Inspector of the Barrio Administrator
Encomiendas, Chief of Police, (Cabeza de Barangay). He was
Tribute collector, Capital- responsible for Peace and
General of the Province even Order and recruited men for
Vice-Regal Patron. Communal Public Works.

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 DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY
Reviewer

THE RESIDENCIA AND VISTA

- To check the abuse of power by FORCED LABOR
Royal Officials, two ancient
(POLO y SERVICIO)
Castilian Institutions were
brought to the Philippines. The  Polo y servicios is forced
Residencia, dating back to the labor for 40 days of men
5th century and the Visitas. ranging from 16 to 60 years
of age who were obligated to
THE RESIDENCIA AND THE VISTA
give personal services to
Residencia community projects.
 One could be exempted
- Was the public investigation
from polo by paying the
and trial of outgoing colonial
Falla (a corruption of the
officials in order to ascertain
Spanish falta, meaning
whether they had committed
“absence”), a daily fine one
abuses in the performance of
and a half Real.
their duties.
Vista
CHALLENGES TO SPANISH
- Was a secret investigation of an AUTHORITY
official’s conduct as a public
Reasons for the Revolts
servant.
1. Refusal of Spanish authorities
to grant reforms
TAXATION
2. Policy of the Spanish
To support the Colony, several forms government not allowing the
of Taxes and Monopolies were natives to learn the Spanish
imposed. The Buwis (Tribute), which language
could be paid in cash or kind. 3. Religious intolerance of the
friars
It was initially fixed at 8 Reales (One
4. Imposition of the Polo, tribute,
Real being 8 Centavos) and later
and taxes
increased to15 Reales, apportioned as
5. Monopolies and the Galleon
follows:
Trade
 Ten Reales Buwis, 6. Agrarian injustices and cases
 one Real Diezmos Prediales of land grabbing
(Tithes), 7. Greed, cruelty, and abuses
 one real to the Town committed by Spanish
Community Chest, authorities
 One Real Sanctorum Tax, and Failure of the Revolts
three Reales for Church
support. 1. Absence of national
consciousness

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Reviewer

2. Divide and conquer policy Cockfighting was the principal

that was applied by the form of entertainment of the Filipino
Spaniards men
3. The archipelagic nature of
the Philippines which
hindered communications
and simultaneous actions.
 Changes in Clothing
4. Absence of a national
leader The barong or what is
5. Superiority of Spanish popularly called today barong
arms. Tagalog, began to wear at this time
6. Betrayals and by the ordinary menfolk.
Assassination.
Putong the indigenous
counterpart for male head gear or
CULTURAL CHANGES AND hat, consisting of a cloth wrapped
IDENTITY on one’s head or a round or
rectangular shaped hat.
 Change in Filipino Names
The women, in the other hand,
Before the coming of the
still wore their skirt or saya, the
Spaniards, Filipinos had no
tapis and the patadyong. They
surnames. Their names were taken
learned to wear a camisa in a
from their physical appearance or
Spanish way
from any natural event or object. ∙
Governor General Narciso  Position of a Women
Claveria issued a decree in 1849 Their rights over property which
allowing the Filipinos to change the they enjoyed during pre – Spanish
 Intermarriage times were curtailed.

The Spaniards as a rule did not They could not sell the property
intermarry with Filipinos. There they inherited from their parents
were exceptions and these before marriage without their
exceptions led to limited husbands’ consent.
intermarriages between Spanish
They should be very obedient to
men and Filipino women. Very few
their husbands.
marriages were recorded between
a Filipino male and a Spanish The friars taught them to
female. prepare themselves for marriage,
The child of the marriage of a which was thought to be the only
Filipino and Spaniard was called function of women.
Spanish mestizo. They were taught prayers and
 Amusement how to behave in public.

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Reviewer

They were not, however, taught

how to be independent, how to
help their husbands in earning
more for the family, how to work in
order to earn when their husbands
were sick or away and they were
not how to think for themselves.
Notes:
Theories of How Magellan Died
- Died due to the poisonous
arrow
- He died in the ship because his
crew are mad at him.
- He was not killed by Lapu-Lapu
but was killed by Lapu-Lapu’s
Crew.
- They are wearing metal armor
resulting that they cannot move
freely.
- During their arrival in Mactan it
is low tide and they were
outnumbered.
- He died due to old age.

Language
Adios – Goodbye
Por Pabor – Please
Gracias – Thank you
Te Amo – I love you
Tu Hermano – Kapatid