www.nucleuseducation.

in

IIT MATHEMATICS
METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION
WORKBOOK

Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005
Call: 0744-2799900 Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, 0744-2423333
 RESULTS OF BEST MENTORSHIP BY THE NUCLEUS TEAM

AIR-1 AIR-3 AIR-6 AIR-8

CHITRAANG MURDIA GOVIND LAHOTI NISHIT AGARWAL AMEY GUPTA
Gen. Category - 2014 Gen. Category - 2014 Gen. Category - 2012 Gen. Category - 2014

JEE MAIN RESULTS 2020 (January Attempt) OF NUCLEUS EDUCATION

100 Percentile 100 Percentile 100 Percentile 100 Percentile 100 Percentile 100 Percentile
(Physics) (Maths & Physics) (Physics) (Maths) (Maths) (Maths)
DAKSH KHANDELWAL VAIBHAV SAHA ANISH MOHAN ARCHIT PATNAIK SWAPNIL YASASVI PARSHANT ARORA
2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020

JEE ADVANCED RESULTS OF NUCLEUS EDUCATION

AIR-10 AIR-12 AIR-23 AIR-24 AIR-37 AIR-42 AIR-66 AIR-98

LAKSHAY SHARMA YATEESH AGRAWAL ABHEY GOYAL TUSHAR GAUTAM PIYUSH TIBAREWAL SATVIK MAYANK DUBEY HRITHIK
Gen. Category - 2017 Gen. Category - 2017 Gen. Category - 2017 Gen. Category - 2017 Gen. Category - 2017 Gen. Category - 2017 Gen. Category - 2017 Gen. Category - 2017

AIR-20 AIR-27 AIR-32 AIR-61 AIR-67 AIR-78 AIR-61 AIR-91

SHASHANK AGRAWAL RAAGHAV RAAJ SHREYA PATHAK SIDDHANT CHOUDAHRY ANISWAR S KRISHNAN AAYUSH KADAM SARTHAK BEHERA ANDREWS G. VARGHESE
Gen. Category - 2018 Gen. Category - 2018 Gen. Category - 2018 Gen. Category - 2018 Gen. Category - 2018 Gen. Category - 2018 Gen. Category - 2018 Gen. Category - 2018
DLP *SDCCP *SDCCP

AIR-2 AIR-19 AIR-33 AIR-48 AIR-51 AIR-53 AIR-86

HIMANSHU GAURAV SINGH VIBHAV AGGARWAL S. PRAJEETH SOHAM MISTRI SAYANTAN DHAR GAURAV KRISHAN GUPTA SATVIK JAIN
Gen. Category - 2019 Gen. Category - 2019 Gen. Category - 2019 Gen. Category - 2019 Gen. Category - 2019 Gen. Category - 2019 Gen. Category - 2019
*SDCCP *SDCCP DLP DLP DLP
 METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION
The process of calculating tan(x  h)  tanx
(i) f '(x) = lim
derivative is called differentiation. h 0 h
1. DERIVATIVE OF f(x) FROM THE tan(x  h  x)[1  tan x tan(x  h)]
= lim
h 0 h
FIRST PRINCIPLE :
tanh
Obtaining the derivative using the = lim . (1 + tan2x) = sec2x.
h 0 h
y
definition Lim = Lim Ans.
x 0 x x 0
esin(x  h)  esin x
f (x   x)  f(x) dy (ii) f '(x) = lim
= f '(x) = is called h 0 h
x dx
calculating derivative using first esin(x h) sinx  1  sin(x  h)  sinx 
sin x
= lim e
principle or ab initio or delta method. h 0 sin(x  h)  sin x  h


dy sin(x  h)  sin x
Note : can also be represented as y1 = esin x lim = esinxcosx
dx h 0 h
dy Ans.
or y' or Dy or f '(x). represents
dx Do yourself -1 :
instantaneous rate of change of y w.r.t. (i) Differentiate each of following
x. functions by first principle:
Illustration 1 : (a) f(x) = nx
Differentiate each of following 1
functions by first principle : (b) f(x) =
x
(i) f(x) = tanx
(ii) f(x) = esinx
Solution :

2. DERIVATIVE OF STANDARD FUNCTIONS :

f(x) f '(x) f(x) f '(x)
(i) xn nxn–1 (ii) ex ex
(iii) ax axna, a > 0 (iv) nx 1/x
(v) logax (1/x) logae, a > 0, a 1 (vi) sinx cosx
(vii) cosx – sinx (viii) tanx sec2x
(ix) secx secxtanx (x) cosecx – cosecx . cotx0
(xi) cotx – cosec2x (xii) constant 0

1
(xiii) sin–1 x , –1 < x < 1 (xiv) cos–1 x 1
1 x2 ,–1 < x < 1
1 x2

Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 1
Call: 0744-2799900 Online Partner UNACADEMY
 1
(xv) tan–1 x ,xR (xvi) sec–1 x 1
,| x | 1
1 x2
| x | x 2 1

1 1
(xvii) cosec–1 x , |x| > 1 (xviii) cot–1 x ,x  R
| x | x 1
2
1 x2

3. FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS : dy 1
= ex · tan x + ex · sec2x + 1 · log x + x ·
If f and g are derivable functions of x, dx x
then, dy
Hence, = ex(tanx + sec2 x) + (logx + 1)
d df dg dx
(a) (f ± g) = ±
dx dx dx Ans.
d df Illustration 3 :
(b) (cf) = c , where c is any constant log x x dy
dx dx If y = + e sin2x + log5x, find .
d dg df x dx
(c) (fg) = f + g known as Solution :
dx dx dx
On differentiating we get,
"PRODUCT RULE"
dy d  log x  d x
 df   dg  =   + (e sin2 x) +
g  f   dx dx  x  dx
d f   dx   dx  where g 
(d)   = d
dx  g  g2 (log5 x)
0 known as "QUOTIENT RULE" dx
1
(e) If y = f(u) & u = g (x) then .x  log x.1
dy dy du = x + exsin2x + 2ex. cos2x
= . known as "CHAIN x 2
dx du dx
RULE" 1
+
Note : In general if y = f(u) then x log e 5
dy du dy  1  log x 
Hence, =
dx  x 2 
= f '(u). .
dx dx
1
Illustration 2 : + ex(sin2x + 2cos2x) +
x log e 5
dy
If y = ex tan x + xlogex, find . Ans.
dx
Solution : Illustration 4 :
y = ex.tan x + x · logex dy
On differentiating we get, If y = loge(tan–1 1  x 2 ) , find .
dx

Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 2
Call: 0744-2799900 Online Partner UNACADEMY
Solution : (A) x [1 + tan (log x) + sec2 x]
y = loge (tan–1 1  x 2 ) (B) 2x [1 + tan (log x)] + sec2 x
On differentiating we get, (C) 2x [1 + tan (log x)] + sec x
1 1 1 (D) 2x + x[1 + tan(logx)]2
= . . .2x Solution :
tan 1  x 1  ( 1  x ) 2 1  x 2
1 2 2 2
Taking log on both sides, we get
x  y  x2 
=
  

 log x = tan–1  
2
tan 1 1  x 2 1  1  x 2  1  x 2  x 
2

 
 tan (log x) = (y – x2) /x2
x
 y = x2 + x2 tan (log x)
 
= Ans.
tan 1 1  x 2  2  x 2  1  x 2 On differentiating, we get
dy
 = 2x + 2x tan (log x) + x sec2 (log x)
Do yourself -2 : dx
dy  2x [1 + tan (log x)] + x sec2 (log x)
(i) Find if - = 2x + x[1 + tan(logx)]2
dx
Ans. (D)
(a) y = (x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3)
(b) y = e5x tan(x2 + 2)
Illustration 7 :
4. LOGARITHMIC x1/2 (1  2 x)2/3 dy
If y = 4/5 find
DIFFERENTIATION : (2  3x) (3  4 x)
3/4
dx
To find the derivative of a function :
Solution :
(a) which is the product or quotient of a
1 2 3
number of functions or n y = n x + n (1 – 2x) – n (2 –
(b) of the form [f(x)] g (x) where f & g are 2 3 4
both derivable functions. 4
3x) – n (3 – 4x)
It is convenient to take the logarithm of 5
the function first & then differentiate. On differentiating we get,
1 dy 1 4
Illustration 5 :  = –
y dx 2x 3(1  2 x)
dy
If y = (sin x)n x, find +
9
+
16
dx 4(2  3 x) 5(3  4 x)
Solution :
dy  1 4 9 16 
n y = n x. n (sin x) = y    
On differentiating we get,
dx  2x 3(1  2 x) 4(2  3x) 5(3  4 x) 
Ans.
1 dy 1 cos x
= n (sinx) + n x.
y dx x sin x Do yourself -3 :
dy
= (sinx)n x  
dy n(sin x) if y = xx
   cot xnx  (i) Find
dx  x  dx
Ans. dy 2 3 4
(ii) Find if y = ex . e x . e x . e x
Illustration 6 : dx
 1  y  x 2   dy
If x = exp  tan  2   , then
  x  dx
equals -
Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 3
Call: 0744-2799900 Online Partner UNACADEMY
5. PARAMETRIC 6. DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION
DIFFERENTIATION : W.R.T. ANOTHER FUNCTION :
If y = f() & x = g() where  is a Let y = f (x) ; z = g (x) then
dy dy / d f '   dy dy / dx f '(x)
parameter, then = = = =
dx dx / d g '    dz dz / dx g '(x)

Illustration 8 : Illustration 10 :
If y = a cos t and x = a(t – sint) find the Differentiate loge (tan x) with respect to
dy  sin–1(ex).
value of at t =
dx 2 Solution :
Solution : d
(log e tan x)
dy a sin t dy d(log e tan x) dx
=  = –1 =
dx a(1  cos t) dx t   d(sin 1 (e x )) d
sin 1 (e x )
2
dx
Ans. cot x.sec 2 x e x 1  e2x
= =
Illustration 9 : e x .1/ 1  e 2x sin x cos x
Prove that the function represented Ans.
parametrically by the equations. Do yourself-4 :
1 t 3 2 dy 
x = ;y =  satisfies the (i) Find at t = if y = cos4t & x = sin4t
t 3
2t 2 t dx 4
relationship : x(y')3 = 1 + y' .
dy (ii) Find the slope of the tangent at a point
(where y' = )
dx P(t) on the curve x = at2 , y =2at.
Solution : (iii) Differentiate xnx with respect to nx.
1 t 1 1
Here x = 3 = 3 + 2 7. DIFFERENTIATION OF IMPLICIT
t t t
Differentiating w.r. to t FUNCTIONS : (x, y) = 0
dx 3 2 (a)
To find dy /dx of implicit functions, we
=– 4 – 3
dt t t differentiate each term w.r.t. x
3 2 regarding y as a function of x & then
y= 2 + collect terms with dy/dx together on one
2t t
side.
Differentiating w.r.to t

dy 3 2
=– 3 – 2 
= – x , where
dy
dt t t (b) Also = partial
dx  x
dy dy / dt
= =t=y' y
dx dx / dt
derivative of (x, y) w.r.t. x taking y as
1 t
Since x = 3 
t a constant and = partial derivative
y
1 y '
x= or x(y')3 = 1 + y' of (x, y) w.r.t. y taking x as a constant.
 y '
3
(c) In the case of implicit functions,
Ans. generally, both x & y are present in
answers of dy/dx.
Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 4
Call: 0744-2799900 Online Partner UNACADEMY
Illustration 11 : or y + y2 + y cos x = (1 + y) sin x
dy ......(i)
If xy + yx = 2, then find . Differentiate both sides with respect to
dx
Solution : x,
Let u = xy and v = yx dy dy dy
+ 2y  cos x – y sin x
du dv dx dx dx
u+v=2   =0 dy
dx dx = (1 + y) cos x + sinx
Now u = xy and v = yx dx
 n u = y nx and n v = x n y dy
(1 + 2y + cosx – sinx)
1 du y dy 1 dv dx
 = + nx and = (1 + y) cosx + ysinx
u dx x dx v dx
dy
dy (1  y) cos x  ysin x
x or = Ans.
= n y + dx 1  2y  cos x  sin x
y dx
Aliter :
= xy   nx  and
du y dy dv
 From (i) (x,y) = (1 + y)sinx – y – y2 –
dx x dx  dx ycosx = 0
 x dy  dy  / x (1  y) cos x  ysin x
= yx  ny   =– =–
 y dx  dx  / y sin x  1  2y  cos x
 x dy  (1  y) cosx  ysin x
xy   nx  + yx  ny 
y dy
  =0 =
x dx   y dx  1  2y  cos x  sin x
 x y y
 y ny  x .  Do yourself -5 :
=– 
dy x
 Ans. dy
dx  y x x (i) Find , if x + y = sin(x – y)
 x nx  y . y  dx
  (ii) If x2 + xey + y = 0, find y', also find the
Aliter : value of y' at point (0, 0).
(x,y) = xy + yx– 2 = 0
dy  /  x  yx y1  y x ny  8. DIFFERENTIATION
= =–  y x 1 
dx  / y  x nx  xy  BY TRIGONOMETRIC

Illustration 12 : TRANSFORMATION :
sin x Some Standard Substitutions :
If y = , prove that
cos x
1 Expression Substitution
sin x
1 a2  x2 x = asin or acos
1  cos x......
dy
=
(1  y) cosx  ysinx
.
a2  x2 x = tan or acot
dx 1  2y  cos x  sin x x2  a2 x = asec or acosec
Solution :
Given function is ax ax
or x = acos or acos2
sin x (1  y)sinx ax ax
y= =
1
cos x 1  y  cos x 2ax  x 2 x = a(1 – cos)
1 y

Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 5
Call: 0744-2799900 Online Partner UNACADEMY
Illustration 13 :  1 x 
–1  2x  Let y = sin2  cot 1  .
If f(x) = sin  2 
then find  1  x 
 1 x 

Put x = cos 2   0, 
f '  
1
(i) f '(2) (ii)  2
2
(iii) f '(1)  1  cos 2 
 y = sin2cot–1  
Solution :  1  cos 2 
 
x = tan, where – << = sin2cot–1(cot )
2 2 1  cos 2 1  x 1 x
 y = sin–1(sin2)  y = sin2 = = = –
2 2 2 2
 
  2  2   dy 1
2  =– . Ans. (A)
 dx 2
  
y = 2  2 
 2 2 Illustration 15 :
  Obtain differential coefficient of
(  2)    2   2
 –1 1  x2  1
tan with respect to
  2 tan 1 x x 1 x
 1
f(x) = 2 tan x 1  x  1 1 1 x2
(  2 tan 1 x) cos–1
 x  1 2 1 x2
Solution :
 2

 1 x2 x 1
–1 1  x2 1 ,
 Assume u = tan
 2 x
f '(x) =  1  x  1
1  x
2
1 1 x2
 2 v = cos–1
1  x 2 x  1 2 1 x2
 The function needs simplification before
2 differentiation
(i) f '(2) = –
 
Let x = tan; ,    , 
5
f '   =
1 8  2 2
(ii)
2 5 sec   1  –1  1  cos  
 u = tan–1   = tan  
(iii) f '(1+) = –1 and f '(1–) = +1  tan    sin  
 f '(1) does not exist Ans.  
= tan–1  tan  =
Illustration 14 :  2 2
d  2  1 1  x   1  sec  1  cos 
sin  cot   = v = cos–1 = cos–1
dx   1  x   2sec  2
 
(A) –
1
(B) 0 = cos–1  cos  =  u = v
2  2 2
1 du
(C) (D) –1  = 1. Ans.
2 dv
Solution :

Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 6
Call: 0744-2799900 Online Partner UNACADEMY
Do yourself : 6 10. HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVES :
(i) If y = cos–1(4x3 – 3x), then find : Let a function y = f (x) be defined on an
 3 interval (a, b). If f (x) is differentiable
(a) f '    , (b) f '(0), function, then its derivative f '(x) [or
 2  (dy/dx) or y'] is called the first
 3 derivative of y w.r.t. x. If f '(x) is again
(c) f '   . differentiable function on (a, b), then its
 2 
derivative f "(x) [or d2y/dx2 or y"] is
9. DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION called second derivative of y w.r.t. x.
AND ITS INVERSE FUNCTION : Similarly, the 3rd order derivative of y
If g is inverse of f, then w.r.to x, if it exists, is defined by
(a) g{f(x)} = x d d y
2
d3 y
g'{f(x)}f '(x)=1 =   and denoted by f
dx 3
dx  dx 2 
(b) f{g(x)} = x
f '{g(x)}g'(x) = 1 '''(x) or y''' and so on.
Note : If x = f() and y = g() where '' is
Illustration 16 : dy dy / d d2 y
a parameter then = and =
1 dx dx / d dx 2
If g is inverse of f and f '(x) = ,
1 xn d  dy  dx
then g '(x) equals :- d  dx  d
(A) 1 + xn (B) 1 + [f(x)]n
n dn y d  d n 1 y  dx
(C) 1 + [g(x)] (D) none of these In general n =   .
Solution : dx d  dx n 1  d
Since g is the inverse of f. Therefore
f(g(x)) = x for all x 11. ANALYSIS AND GRAPHS OF
d
 f(g(x)) = 1for all x SOME INVERSE
dx TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS :
 f '(g(x)) g'(x) = 1
y = f(x) = sin–1 
2x 
1 (a) 2 
 g'(x) = = 1 + (g(x))n  1 x 
f '(g(x))
Ans. (C)  2 tan 1 x ; | x | 1
 1
Do yourself -7 : =    2 tan x ; x 1
(i) If g is inverse of f and f (x) = 2x + sinx;  (  2 tan 1x); x  1

then g'(x) equals: Important points :
3 1  
(A) – 2 + (i) Domain is x  R and range is   , 
x 1 x2  2 2
(B) 2 + sin–1x (ii) f is continuous for all x but not
(C) 2 + cos (g(x)) differentiable at x = 1, –1
1
(D)  2
2  cos(g(x)) 1  x 2 for | x | 1
dy 
(iii) =  non existent for | x | 1
dx  2
 for | x | 1
1  x 2
Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 7
Call: 0744-2799900 Online Partner UNACADEMY
(iv) Increasing in (–1, 1) and Decreasing in 2x
(–, –1)  (1, ) (c) y = f(x) = tan–1
1 x2
 2 tan 1 x | x | 1
 1
=    2 tan x x  1
 (  2 tan 1x) x  1

Important points :
(i) Domain is R – {1, –1} and range is
  
 , 
 2 2
(ii) It is neither continuous nor
differentiable
at x = 1, –1
 2
dy  | x | 1
(iii) = 1 x2
–1  1  x 2
dx 
(b) Consider y = f(x) = cos  2   non existent | x | 1
 1 x  (iv) Increasing  x in its domain
 2 tan 1 x if x  0 (v) It is bounded for all x
=  1
 2 tan x if x  0
Important points :
(i) Domain is xR & range is [0, )
(ii) Continuous for all x but not
differentiable
at x = 0
 2
1  x 2 for x  0
dy 
(iii) = non existent for x  0 y = f(x) = sin–1(3x – 4x3)
dx 
(d)
2  1 1

 1  x2
for x  0  (  3sin x) if 1  x   2

=  3sin 1 x
(iv) Increasing in (0,) & Decreasing in 1 1
if   x 
(–,0)  2 2
 1
   3sin 1 x if  x 1
 2
Important points :
(i) Domain is x  [–1, 1] and range is
  
  2 , 2 
(ii) Continuous everywhere in its domain
1 1
(iii) Not derivable at x =  ,
2 2
dy
(iv)
dx
Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 8
Call: 0744-2799900 Online Partner UNACADEMY
  Increasing in   ,  and Decreasing
3 1 1 1 1
 if x  ( , ) (v)
1 x2 2 2  2 2
=
 in  1,     ,1
3 1 1 1 1
 if x  (1,  )  ( ,1)
 2 2 
 1 x 2 2
2

Increasing in   ,  and Decreasing

1 1
(v)
 2 2
in  1,     ,1
1 1
 2 2 

GENERAL NOTE :
Concavity is decided by the sign of 2nd
derivative as :
d2 y d2 y
 0  Concave upwards ; <0
dx 2 dx 2
(e) y = f(x) = cos–1 (4x3 – 3x)  Concave downwards
 1 1
3cos x  2  if 1  x   2 Illustration 17 :

=  2  3cos 1 x if   x 
1 1 Find the interval for which
 2 2 f(x) = x3 + x + 1 is
 1 (i) concave upwards
 3cos 1 x if  x 1 (ii) concave downwards.
 2 Solution :
Important points : f(x) = x3 + x + 1
(i) Domain is x  [–1, 1] and range is [0,] f '(x) = 3x2 + 1
(ii) Continuous everywhere in its domain f ''(x) = 6x
(i) f ''(x) = 6x > 0  Concave upwards
1 1  x  (0, )
(iii) Not derivable at x = – ,
2 2 (ii) f ''(x) = 6x < 0  Concave downwards
dy   x  (–, 0) Ans.
(iv)
dx
 3  1 1 Illustration 18 :
 if x    ,  If x = a (t + sin t) and y = a(1 – cos t),
1 x 2
 2 2
= d2 y
 3  1 1  find 2 .
 if x   1,     ,1 dx
 1 x
2
 2 2  Solution :
Here x = a (t + sin t) and y = a (1–cos t)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we
get :

Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 9
Call: 0744-2799900 Online Partner UNACADEMY
 dx dy Do yourself : 8
= a(1 + cos t) and = a(sin t) 2
dt dt (i) If y = x e x then find y''.
t
2sin .cos
t (ii) Find y" at x = /4, if y = x tan x.

dy
=
a sin t
= 2 2 = tan  t  (iii) Prove that the function y= ex sin x
 
dx a(1  cos t) 2 cos 2
t 2 satisfies the relationship
2 y'' – 2y' + 2y = 0.
Again differentiating both sides, we get,
12. DIFFERENTIATION OF
= sec2   . .
d2 y t 1 dt 1
= sec2 (t/2).
 2  2 dx
2
dx 2 DETERMINANTS :
t
sec 2   f (x) g(x) h(x)
1 1 2
= . If F(x) = (x) m(x) n(x) , where f,
a(1  cos t) 2a  2 t 
2  cos  u(x) v(x) w(x)
 2
g, h , m, n, u, v, w are differentiable
.sec4   Ans.
2
d y 1 t
Hence, 2 =
dx 4a 2 functions of x then
f '(x) g '(x) h '(x)
Illustration 19 : F'(x) = (x) m(x) n(x)
y = f(x) and x = g(y) are inverse
functions of each other then express u(x) v(x) w(x)
g'(y) and g''(y) in terms of derivative of f (x) g(x) h(x)
f(x).
+  '(x) m '(x) n '(x)
Solution :
dy dx u(x) v(x) w(x)
= f '(x) and = g '(y)
dx dy f (x) g(x) h(x)
 g '(y) =
1
...........(i) + (x) m(x) n(x)
f '(x) u '(x) v '(x) w '(x)
Again differentiating w.r.t. to y
Not : Sometimes it is batter to expand
d  1  d  1  dx the determinant first and then
g "(y) =   =  .
dy  f '(x)  dx  f '(x)  dy differentiate.
f "(x)  1 
=– .  Illustration 20 :
(f '(x)) 2
 f '(x)  x x 2 x3
f "(x)
 g "(y) = – ...........(ii) If f(x) = 1 2x 3x 2 , find f '(x).
(f'(x))3
Which can also be remembered as 0 2 6x
d2 y Solution :
2
d x dx 2 x x 2 x3
= – Ans.
dy 2  dy 
3
Here, f(x) = 1 2x 3x 2
 
 dx  0 2 6x
on differentiating, we get,

Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 10
Call: 0744-2799900 Online Partner UNACADEMY
 d d 2 d 3 13. L 'HOPITAL'S RULE :
(x) (x ) (x ) (a) This rule is applicable for the
dx dx dx
 f'(x) = 1 2x 3x 2 0 
indeterminate forms of the type , .
0 2 6x 0 
If the function f(x) and g(x) are
differentiable in certain neighborhood
x x2 x3 of the point 'a', except, may be, at the
d d d point 'a' itself and g'(x)  0, and if
+ (1) (2x) (3x 2 ) lim f(x) = lim g(x) = 0 or lim f(x) =
dx dx dx x a x a x a
0 2 6x f (x)
lim g(x) = ,then lim = lim
x a g(x) x a x a

x x2 x3 f '(x) f '(x)
provided the limit lim
g '(x) x  a g '(x)
+ 1 2x 3x 2
exists (L' Hopital's rule). The point 'a'
d d d
(0) (2) (6x) may be either finite or improper (+ or
dx dx dx
–).
1 2x 3x 2 x x 2 x3 (b) Indeterminate forms of the type 0. or
or f '(x) = 1 2x 2
3x + 0 2 6x  –  are reduced to forms of the type
0 2 6x 0 2 6x 0 
or by algebraic transformations.
0 
x x 2 x3
(c) Indeterminate forms of the type 1 , 0
+ 1 2x 3x 2 or 00 are reduced to forms of the type 0
0 0 6 ×  by taking logarithms or by the
As we know if any two rows or transformation [f(x)](x) = e(x).nf(x).
columns are equal, then value of
determinant is zero. Illustration 21 :
x x 2 x3 Evaluate lim |x|sinx
x 0
= 0 + 0 + 1 2x 3x 2 Solution :
loge |x|
0 0 6 sin x sin x log e |x|
lim
x 0 cosecx
lim |x| = lim e =e
 f '(x) = 6(2x2 – x2) x 0 x 0
1/ x
Therefore, f '(x) = 6x2 Ans. lim
= ex0  cosecx cot x
(applying L'Hopital's rule)
Do yourself : 9 sin 2 x  sin x 
2
 x 
lim  lim   . 
= e1 .0
2
x 2 x 0 x 0  x   cos x 
e x e x cos x
=e
(i) If f (x) = , then find f '(1). = e0 = 1 Ans.
nx sin x
Illustration 22 :
2x x2 x3
Solve lim logsin x sin 2x.
(ii) If f (x) = x 2  2x 1 3x  1 , then x 0
Solution :
2x 1  3x 2 5x
Here lim logsin x sin2x
x 0
find f '(1).

Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 11
Call: 0744-2799900 Online Partner UNACADEMY
 = lim
log sin 2x    Miscellaneous Illustration :
 form 
x 0 log sin x    Illustration 24 :
1 Find second order derivative of y = sinx
.2cos 2x with respect to z = ex.
= lim sin 2x Solution :
x 0 
1
.cos x dy dy / dx cos x
sin x = =
{applying L 'Hopital'srule } dx dz / dx ex
 (2 x)  d2 y d  cos x  dx
 = .
 sin(2 x)  cos 2 x dz 2
dx  e x  dz
= lim   cos 2x
= lim
x 0  x 

x 0 cos x 
e x sin x  cos xe x 1
  cos x = . x
 sin x   ex 
2
e
=1 Ans.
d2 y (sinx  cosx)
 =–
Illustration 23 : dz 2
e2x
1/n
 en 
Evaluate lim   . Illustration 25 :
n 
  Let a function f satisfies
x  y  f (x)  f(y)
f 
Solution :
1/n =  x, y  R and
 en   2  2
Here, A = lim   (0 form)
 
n  f '(0) = a, f(0) = b, then find f(x) hence
find f "(x).
1  en  Solution :
 log A = lim log  
 x  y  f (x)  f(y)
f 
n  n
=
n log e  log      2  2
= lim  form  Diff. w.r.t.'x'
n  n  
xy 1
f ' 
1
log e  0  . 2 = 2 f '(x)
= lim  2 
n  1
{applying L'Hopital's rule}  dy 
 x & y areindependent to each other,  0
log A = 1  dx 
xy
f ' 
1/n
 en 
 1
A = e or lim   =e  = f '(x)
 2 
n 
 
Let x = 0 and y = x
f '   = f '(0) = a
Do yourself : 10 x
(i) Using L'Hopital's rule find 2
tan x  x  f '(x) = a
ex  x  1
(a) lim (b) lim On integrating, we get
x 0 x3 x 0 x2
(ii) Using L'Hopital's rule verify that : f(x) = ax + b (f(0) = b)
sin x  tan x 1  f "(x) = 0
(a) lim 3
= 
x 0 x 2
n(1  x)
(b) lim 1
x 0 x Illustration 26:

Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 12
Call: 0744-2799900 Online Partner UNACADEMY
 1 x 1 x ANSWERS FOR DO YOURSELF
Prove that sec2 + 4 sec2 2 +
2 2
2 2 2 1 1
1: (i)(a) (b) – 2
1 x 1 x x
6
sec2 3 + .... = cosec2x – 2
2 2 x
Solution : 2: (i) (a) 3x2 + 12x + 11
x x x (b) 5e5x tan (x2 + 2) + 2xe5x sec2(x2 + 2)
Let cos . cos 2 . cos 3 ....... 
2 2 2
x x x x 3: (i) xx (nx + 1)
 = lim cos .cos 2 .cos 3 .........cos n (ii) y(1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3)
n  2 2 2 2
sin x sin x x x
 lim = cos .cot 2 1
n  x x 2 2 4. (i) –1 (ii)
2n sin n t
2
x sin x (iii) 2(xnx)(nx)
cos 3 ........... =
2 x
cos(x  y)  1
n  cos  + n  cos 2  + n
x x 5: (i)
 cos(x  y)  1
 2  2 
 x   2x  e y 
 cos 3  +...... = n sin x – nx (ii) y'=–  y  , –1
 2   xe  1 
Diff. w.r.t.x
–  tan  2 tan 2  ......  (i) (a) – 6
1 x 1 x 6: (b) 3
2 2 2 2  (c) –6
1
= cot x – 7: (i) D
x
Diff. w.r.t.x again
8: (i) y '' = 4y + 2xy'
1 x 1 x 1 x
2
sec2  4 sec2 2 + 6 sec2 3 + (ii) +4
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 9: (i) e( sin 1 + cos 1) – 1 (ii) 9
........ = cosec2x – 2
x 1 1
Hence proved 10. (i) (a) (b)
3 2

Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 13
Call: 0744-2799900 Online Partner UNACADEMY
 2019

100 Percentile 99.99 Percentile 99.98 Percentile 99.98 Percentile 99.97 Percentile 99.97 Percentile 99.96 Percentile 99.96 Percentile
HIMANSHU GAURAV SINGH GAURAV KRISHAN GUPTA SARTHAK ROUT VIBHAV AGGARWAL RITVIK GUPTA BHAVYA JAIN AYUSH PATTNAIK SAYANTAN DHAR
2019 (*SDCCP) 2020 (DLP) 2020 (CCP) 2019 (CCP) 2020 (DLP) 2020 (CCP) 2019 (CCP) 2020 (DLP)