[ee a) [oz 7 7 | AL WecTors,, at iia = tho__prystcal_quantities _eah’ch__have_ magn’ tude bul __not-~ direction __»re__Cal Wed _Sealar_quansties _ ox_-Sealare: Scalac_quandfiies can ba _rdded ar shistracted Laceacding ‘te @_—-rule_of -alficlaa. Examples= Mass, Aime, d®tance Spaad, densthy, Gner$y-,dernberalure, brassura, chaifle, Srav Padenal potential, alectric botential @nmgy ote. +] Veco quantity $= { ae "The _physteal quantiljes “cuhich have beth ronngniude cand direction areallvactor quantity ar Vectere, Vector quantities Can be radded__ac_Subshacted’ necerding to dhe wie 4 vec wnddiiens. Eeampler- ABblacement, Velecty, xieceleralion, free, seen, evoight, cletiste_Fretd_cvelfht comgnetic_fteld, gravidationad fold vasment hs : ye, Forge. ce AW Veoh 2 Sraghieatly represented ly a Sail Ling twHth, —iraw —'ad_mo_tnde ‘the. direction _of gaa —|ttpresents_-tho__dlfrecdion ef the _yeoler_sanel_Lardsh af Sfne__rapratents —stho” — vve§nhude —0f tho Vector ;Aecler $% represented $A _fifture botsiwt | o——— 54 Ke rerGnuclo- $y preakia Sp wecderEn Page: 2. Dates 7 7 6 (ae fk ecerpany toma 9 waning ohm és and __Afrackim ba __ sellwanyS “AV Sep NO, for ma _quanffiy _cle_be Vector 3 Should net be idded a sikh ee Ina ooh algalia. Sit__aven Cuyrcant_\nas_bbd+h_r ee land“ Afrachion, St canbe raddad_—aceesifag_10_tule rUgebra. = Sp, FL 8 a Sefer quand re “TARAS Df Macken s Ont __Vecters- A Votes braving ‘nk rangesHade {Caled uae Vector. TH Ss doneded by A and given toy RR han A= Wha raft -8§ oct —_ = ALA Ate decay sed 4a tndfeate tha direction yet Hwee; Tf yes AaDat Fy + RZ then emngetede op Avectar R fs “deneted by (Phen a wand Given byt VW): ds aye “seal Gaver, Ra strsMecP ne Fink the un _veeder Bh Re shtaGas [hens JA) = a= SSUES 2 co CE _|| $0, uv vetser of Rs fy Set 7 ~ TREAT E a[se Bac 4 necestnny beat ——jzind___Afrachter___be quansty_tr ving bob sales "a _veedo 2 # |son. NO for _quamiyy dea Ved 5d | Should not be riddled or Gudstrached a cberdng te te —lyjule_op. alfebiva, But__even _c rcant_}oos edt —roagrtede, “sand Afratli, Tecan Joa vidlded aceartng to tule ye Webra» Sp, Te % a Sertla quanti 3h “y-pes Bh Vecless : ———__ fe Ont Vecters- A Viet renting Unt _rarfesteade Re _Colled Umt_veclor. TH 4. Aowtted by A cand Sve Ioiyt —4 Pe satan t= mragntieide of yet Re AER) Ow bs ‘ : TL fs Ponedary’ used Jo Srdfeate tha clfrection tf vether, Noe? TP yecls Aatar Sys RZ shen eangefeue op etter A fs duneted toy (Plo A and Given bi (Bde Taya soil [Hint the unt vedere} Fa attehase Sty Given, Ress aPe sR qin, [Al evs SORES 20 = VE So, ynbl_uetder’ of. = Rake Rawpash ower ages NE Re egt tte ty Et aeal x) Nu) ecdor:= A vactor__thitch_lois Sicaction but no_mag- intude (fe ragntande Ys zers) $5 czillad nul Veeder. “the fotfel__foofot “and _-terrnfival_ sink OP A _rull_vacke_Gonfrsie parallad _\Jactor: = 1 “Two er _mora__vectors having Sere dred} on__‘ara_calted bavalial actors. pee > Osi. Noctis fs zar0. | Ankiparalial vectors Tn__poraltel_Vaeler, dha_angle bakwaen devo Tuner —rnora_Vecdors_— frnvingobbadtadiaclion | at. talled_-endfparalal actors, : ; —A 5 Caos S — | —In_antiparalitl _yacter, 4 edt Rola is Vector the regla botercen 2 Wil Laval yockad + —__| | a | i Tica tt weclert_rang_— Sime reafhatiade snd Afradion care _catted 2avral - \Vaeders t ; R———> A 3 ——> Ris) raf elg the een bel Snm_ Adin Bae AG toate Ati are cael eat ves —2> 5gpw _ov_more__veclors_Lyfnf onthe same | plana are__Calted__@plama__yectas. ; ss 5 ——— | co-fttinl yecleg:= | Such veclers vara ta Nea _confutl —ecla “these vectors whase__fnlfal_-prfnts__arsrim, _ iy or °C WE) |_Co- torn Vectags “these \arhasushele_end _hofrks are Song [Such _Veckes rare ezmad___Co~-termfnal__Uaeders. =| Advtiion of Vectors: Tangie Law at = fons Tts_dakes that "It uso vectors fo_yraglnfuda — fand__alfceclfon__~are__represenies duo 4idos of 4iarBlestakipdn pred than hel ste Toy [dtangle eprasemtad — raguldant wacker _-4n chhostiad_oddage: S Oue: 7 7 9, Z ; RR LB reiangla Law of- Vacler add Pfon Lats tuo Vectors A znd BP are_rebrasented \y hun |edes_ox ‘ind xX" of aifangle oxX___-taken fo_order nnd haf resultant Vackor fs “represantad by third Ste # 0X ___tnkon. nf padfte ord ie “To ffnd__ran§ntiude, Let us produce ox 2nd_draw {Foul On i} at m_frina —pofat Me rant Mw, To _cffht “ gngte A my DX > oma Yr SOX" = foxtxyyhe Yt 8 = (atop: xm — Ul) Asaf, aS ae eon Stes 4M “and tes. yt AK OT AM = XH CHO. 29K Sine f Sino I Ui) or aM 8 hot | ting €7°8) amd ng, |_we_gak; . ifs LAs Beog6)™4 (BSn6) : ay = Airqacao Seay +gfsinta =A V9.Aacet04 osha wf) = MAD AGRO 4 | Ren ated 900 to —t) pth iy fies oe mnfea_ th ahe__resuldamt th yecles and 8x Vireclfens-) J.at__the —_resudank R_rmakes —ungle—s a actor, = Nt Tn Re 3 Rh_afle arm —_ i ots MM x Hector Aa Putin RA a (of Abe veulant @ompkig fsinb “Hime = jy Beale ~ BSin8. sols tant Tare costa) C . : : ego) Res te OAR ection 6} reiutant Psy Na ufth veda Bahn Vvockos frm by dwo ad fier. 5s rojosanted 4. ar —_ La _-kon _veotrs A_vmd B__rare_refsresantad Ly -hoo : d{jacent__Side__0A_aind_oB af 2 Aligledram _pAgeD _ | pactivel. chon according -to faralielograrn, law, Iekant Rf. rapresantad by fafonal_be_ ag ura___zibove ! rae 0. Le [eaagitiude: | | To_find_rnugotude, Lotus - produce _oA ma dos } = perpendicular. on Tk__ut ) from _c. — | es Jn_Pifht_anfle_aMe, + | oars des = (Atay a det | { Ot, Ro= (AXA + rc* — BO ! Again; Jo ith alee Lear, __ 3C, and woe hE oe “Ade nce? 2800-8). ZI Ac sinp> Osho —) “usa earth and oii th cmb, we fet, > MB Lag 4 G Sing)” = AD Anco + cote a pisintg =A Beale 1 Sis) 42.00, uy AS Be 2 AB (AO. LAY errlll Sirecdfowt a FS Le Let dhe —_desvllant_R_evakas—2ingle—eh Fh Yeay ple R ; ne New; Tn _Prght _emfle AAC a I cp cD - (Y) _Ic ctaneg = “od = oA + AD ALAD ~ shh NBD and G5) freq hy wwe feb BSinb Ht ~fanx= Arp aye : F—bsine@ es Tent] Aa .ces | Say i - thE eamup fives dhe direcdfim ef yresuldant. [Rf veckas Wand Ps wtth A. s Df the” retuVJant "R maks angle iid vector Bs Aber, — | = | Aetho- _ oe slow eaama | ~ | Shadtal Cases:~ - # [$Carers? When to Vectors mets Saale, H cfhon, Re VN AESEIAG sO = JARDA = [(AIB)™ > AIB | wank Osind® 9 = |___ tana =_ at thot welt 0° Thus, when _dwo_veclas _aicks prarllel (ise-6209 den dhe raul i ant__bs_yangnfhirde Qual te_clhs Son tf weGrfdudt ge 2. vert and_Afectio_alng the Afedlin § “9 9 P. { i :{aso 30}: fee eh hen we _yoctors__2 Saree e. 0290 | atten, 2 VANTHIAB coH0 elaeae cand _9.ssngi'__O) a 0 AL asdan* Ua) - chance = “Rigcrs ge AB) = . 1 Cake I$ : tt when _chwo _veclers “picks aft-}aral je Q= 180% = n, Re VASA DA GCS , = Are 208 | =I&3) x 2-R= AB Tf Ac ® chen, Rov jst: ighus, When euro veclens exe iad cand Deltas! ankihartel | dhen Hef yesullant _ynust be ere. y—=ble)___ pn \ “Subelradion Of WecherSi= a —_ 2 Re ALB) , o fb R a 1 s LAUR SAGO EO ahs ce RTE ZAT EO AP Ne i 7 Ty SSS LAB -2A8 cde“{ nle_ between 2232 _ sean) gta “Lo yecins R2B Such Shot R= B82 andi ar wr? pry SE Given a [Pare % or Rts AYSt2ABGIe —O gers —E) Conpatibg —epnd and DAR EHO=0 Qu. coi =0= Cason" _» 1. 8= 90° Hence, Hat angle belindean. darian got 3 G-ICBl vino Vaclns A&B ane» Such dhat. Ret and peas | find __zingla_loekuetn disel [san Crtven; ge Risy A\$y R= Ate or, = PIB DABeMO—/) or P= AS rAe (fh Confiniebag G0 and 4B, woe Ge; OC, __Co8 O21 = CROP & f= 0° Hence, che angle. between cus vecder fe DSoh a Lf WU two ects ALP ove Guch that R= Re And _ R=A i [teind_dte —_ranfla_beRewa@an fleet Pei Sek Given: o- Rie ANS, R= A-8 | giz AUB IABCD — 1 ot) Bs A+P2AB —chh Compatitng rh 265, ue Sorby Cohp= —1 = CoL1go" | = > LEO" i Hence. Hee angie bolwaao ctwo wether Fg _1gv: 0) Tine wachers “Rand 8 _ore_suh_ thi P= Pt Pand_ R= RB. find ongle be testy __ctere | Br SW Cron} Comparing bed, we oes po > C80 H 0 — 0 = O= Hence, tile agio bolum eve _veclns 66 9f teBEET Gan cthe Som af che —Ount_yeeders be equate 0 | Rr cto dhe Vacore 2 Expinin? _———]-__Re abate 9.98 80 : Tp At@> Ret i ny Reg’ Peep DY, _is 2+ 9 cose OT; 2 ¢e§p> —1 0 _toho> ~*h=U8100" {2 p07 + cthus, then dhe? andle between duro hecdors Ye. equal _cosp0% le Sum yf 2. taunts utes Lhe equal te _—eéhen tf athe’ verdes E $y “ttyd vectors RAP nee Such that ALB? 4 A-Bee. Fd dhe WG]0_hetyseen earn? A | Su Grey t > e: RP _ Algo, G=Ar@ ae Ns Are raacasy— Ory ce NERS 2 AB -—_/5 | tnpaning 24n e) wor Bel (ee oe = 8=0° ‘Hence, the angle bemeen ALR fp? _-+_ el gon Law oft_ Vector. Adz} fon $- n ts Th Shatas_dhat," oF numbers of Veelers eg Jad_a_pefat__can_ ee Sie oF ptlyhen | daken_ _order, then te resuifant BK _ eprasersed by cl closing Side of che prlyfen -}aken Fo tpptae Toda §n. nen fottle— rand naa an I Lif= polygon Law_op Ne addition: ‘ia Ueclss 2B, c,d acting ~ at 2 paint O_zmd_vebaesante, by Side“ of polygon metzwo. tere clogng side wo -rapersentads desiliant Fn both raagnitude and lAstacdion. Os [Le us. fom Oto 4 and “0.409, Achresenting ___}the Yector EF and_P {spectively | Tn_A 0a, Using dues le law of veda, | Ps Re} ! — Again, Ln.Anx2, usinf dangle \aw ef Vea Pier e —H Udhog 297) fo ean P= At OC — Abia aL sani. Luding itanfla mm of Vectos, =), Ws tng wy, Lo R= Are. APD. jtes_&y"v) Shaws That vector B % ssuieiol_ fet A aPages 4 ue: / 7. . $10 Cf) un vectors and 8 has. cmublant FA tect RB Ys. revanéad hen nex—eesidork—15-2Shay_ thak + 2= 2 UF | F [sod { 2 Fez ah 4s42AQ ts0 —— Sn_2°* _Comfen = j ho ASractfon 64. vec Be veversed fen [resultant §s__ fven be, = : - 2 At B—9.AG Caf ——U) Now adds earth 2 cou, we Fors Vas = AGM rIAG aye rAYS-2AB Ue OR, rs = -pateop? - Rae = =e CareTL pred, Redolut on of. vectors: et ee pn cass_of shutting of a wacker Fok Ys_Cmponents _§ Caned _regolufen BY veekorg, Les vd Consider v7 vader 2 Con bo a Snto__-ctwv0 _Corm|poneints.. One $s I — y_ Along, 4 Axis and ree Ais along, po —_— vl ee Algo__Let_ © be the Zunfle male “by weeds A" usta = ous : O51 ei ON = SFE Qepduaion OL yeedar,[lus to Rh anhie A A gat = Pe Ay Sho= £ SOP A ‘ —_ sho —— Again In rfght angie A pon” (Cexo=_ON_ - fe oP 2 Ag = A os) ——th) Age, _Squerng, oi nd__ addon acting eqh® £ Art Ay’ = Aecatot argo pe = ATH SinO t cogO) —— | Producl_ Of -tw0 _yeolors:— Scalar -broduck_ =br._dot_froduct_-of tw) veolors:~ the _pred breduet Of fas Vechorss sat —jtoba. Scalar _froduct_5¢ dw0_vectors muldsplied dofether to ge a Sealar quantify. the Scalar product __oy_dst___ product th dwo_Verias Ae ie _toidb argle 8. ern hero Bs _danstey_ key INR. Y and by. |} Braces 9 p- oF) Fs)t Special cases } ee ae a ean | EH ‘Date E44 eet L- 1 AeB= AG O° . = AB 2) | When clase vectors tare_perbendfeular,ctesns-B29% & ze for he |! ALR - As teh90" Ly 20 8) | When ctoo cee “ra_andparanel Abin 0216 = AB CoS 130" ee Cc | = =A stp orsien pt Ad redutt__ of feo vedas _ i —4 [thee “fondue yet fate R.P= 9. | PEED aj, Jo R= BR oy Vedios £6 Covmmu tative _ RB = Ao iso Zind BA’ = BA_toS0 _» which —yrowes ela th e_Ast product 0 Bt a i _ Ai a a —Wlcthe Sealer. dghr pula VGO=RGrT-C — i be Sali smi Bea with” self es_ Aware ab —_$ de, AW: 8 zp By as RBs AG cd NOY ALAS AN GsE= AX Tus, crhe__S¢Alav_frodutt_5f ee feet _ igives_stars sf Ts ya nftude. 3~——thlyecter_jpm ut miCiess..predutk 9 ooo Veehiee en sxoduct__of havo _yechors. “tg said Ho be cae product Tf —-dioo__Veedors _raulsP} rel rotor _ Raw + Ral I the’ “Grste pe a Pi XR- vl O (nuit vec ja ri AB Sino ————_l- Naw, | Oufth St Rats Tihat Rie a jo, ear be tomes, }--8._p= AG org ude ee 2 0 90 oO {thes the anf no _ 5] oe TP the ccs 2 Scalar hind AxR= AA Sind? A £0 sthus, dhe CO's] uecder Imroduct He a vel HGIt Ohves\ wun yockos between AL Br eaves AE ag = AB (oso = eld ReBeo Given, +05, _lase=o 2 Us ooh eo helwten 247 f eS Petit i on ede fs caualke — a mek niducle "9 —cthefr y 0, aan “ar able “Wehew aren mh aut, aoesi A SeeCavan; “A.B 21 AX 8) O2,__AG Cosd> AB SIND: Sr ‘Sind > 4 _ 56 Saar or. tand= 4an4s” B= 4° qi : Thus. thea _mngie _“belween hem os 46°, gt —§.SC he dst Jandel} tooo _Verkers “faufng_ road | $0 #ot._srind__ fg b_Wbmnk fe rug at | anther’. | Be Gar Criven, A-B=6 | > = Zr at > 1A))e Az {BieGe 4, Ha loe__have, ALB=AB lsd Pye = 3x4 One. f a. O8O= By = 5 (oS 605 O= 40° [thus dhe nla bodies tient fs Got tt Hi Propartfes OF A uinth vectors Let, ifand # be dhe unit veces | Sealar proud: GB OFPPER GEL - Ops Pho A Vetier_produchs of tts hfe hee 0. a - HAxP2R , LOED ; OD Fxts® eufet txPe- g6.) 3 AS and 2 ace untk_ve dss 2 wage? 20 Pe respectfialy = faa *-U DP) | AS . BA Pare P-Lje Sing 4) CSince Foe doa unB_vetter IE oo gy flan joa h aa * th. PLE x®) 14 2K exo" ah fi oe a. (AxQy rb ‘ GAGS) hak does ArA, dhe sealar qu antiy- te a voter with Selt West, what abet RAB, the Ve Cor pro- Auch ve tier with Self gives’. Be SS wo have; A:A = AA osd SAA OSO® (C9205 angle bekween Aa A) Lethus, Mat calac prduck Q- a veces Self [Rives He Square of HS magnPiude : A\S*, RR = AA Sind-A = AA sin o'’* _ =o RAR =D thus, the Veer oduct a} averse Foelfe [Rives nul _veclor [or 2ere), . _| Gall A Poreecin su@wrton) expressad ‘in_Veetor age: 21 | - lee 77 | notatton, as Poataa frst & xabptied on ls od oy cand. produces _a_dlisplacementin meter), P= 9 9-23~ SE th A sacemds. Eslirowie the Power Hoe ivan; Force (_E)> ah a RR Bsplacement B= pi=af as fie Cpje% | We have J | Work CW)= PY. a | = at 133-38) (states ®) = 12s thie ON = 135. Ly any Ww 7 2 pa Wie : VA fn 3.051 ‘the Power fs B25 Walt, th Laie Az fur fy Pay all 8 — Dye, then, A= Tila Yuet Taka |__| Short quastio ns) Eind tho magnitude cand —_clinection nd A.B. Fe | Maniude of Rx® 6 0 Sino and cltrecHon fe” |B which 36 the unit veclor af 40 the Blan Containing Aa g. Again magnitude of AB & sce vand_no__dfrectfon. gd) Given two vectors Ae 4.00% 44.005) rand B= Kvi-20F Eimnd. the maAnidude of gach vector. FE Crhven Vectors: A> Ate gD and Re 59-2F hen thew, [aleReNee 9 <5 uvite —— [R]== VFRCy VI = 533 Um. ) Under —ewhat _condfhfon, the _crnes product. Of devo U@clors equal to porn. “xb| When dwn Vectors ave parallel (je.f=0) do ea Other__then ether __cross__produck 954 ual_t Zero. —_ Ltt A_ and Bi wre_non_7ex0 vectors, WY ts pos jpot_Ax § ind Al?” bth cto be zero Exp an Soalay__preduck of two vectors £5 zero when —| 2 ra . nap / i they zire-d" +o each Other and Vector _| du 35 zem when they are parade. — —__|Put_ Sn. Caso BF two 1 el a : e__1E_and_|l_roust not_hossile_at samo _ timo. So, $4 6 _nbt pessilte_f fo Ril ond WP bots cto be “Zero. ! 8.9 ICalntaie tha angle “heicooen Aa dane And_a_dhxee dune f-erco 80 sak | hot Sum 45 four dyno. 1Solutfon! Here; Lek, Ma8nidudeno¢ 2 force (Abe i — aout fe WB) = % Magnitude of _dlefr jum = 4 We __ have, es TAG + 900 C080. (15 20) a)xe38)* or es SE Ata +49 C80 Gf 1. Ce8b = % an OAO= 5. Now, 1 | 1 O CoXe= LE eo O= (rs ( 5) eoeai ee 2 [ee Fs. 62] # | ri “Tee the nd ES Qe 3A ond fame SE0 ferces_of _%on_and_4p-s_are_fnclined — fAbt Anble__40 each tnd: I Band Bye fn the form __ 1 eter. Angla_bedween thar (O)= 60° _|__Now, [easeT: Wwe have R= f Arata 2A8 Case = Cott yo) 2(90)40) Ces 0° = Sept then + Ox, = ism + Ide = V5}a~ “=R-= 60.32- 40 -dachou AL_an__dndle oh _Got_fyhab_&% their resultant 2 What ke the Hida of he_furces ore Iced a Thus” their _reuidank fe bo). at And, for dfrackfon, FP B.gind We have, ote dont Fat oose %) How singe’ oS “| 2 gant [G7 = 343° oS Tan? | 304 saat 50 | per a thy dliretion etwseen therm = 34 >I° + | Afatn, [tase 1r:) . | 8290" when, dhe) d%¢ enblined al rah [$0 _magnisy de ee aot ap fe. a) fo ala eS L REGO onl ]AGMSI = 125m _O = So at and dfredlim IK= Ta] Bbind ,Sy cage: 25 Daze 47 + wil ther.) | Al What —_enfle da the chuo orcs AN? and [B-B -act_So that is thet _ resultant 26 of 3a a2 2 ap: : Ceiven; thetic _rebultank (R= VaAeBe Criven_forces = AEB’ and A-B nfl’ beeen evo ‘fercas (6)=% | Adow - — according -+te_-quesHtons" » AB AER™ = A (AIBY A @-B FUP E-B C050 Squaring on ___bddp> side, 0 “9ph.gr = A42787 84 O-208%0% 2 coro (AX 2) 00 BRAN BRIN” = 9 eos9H-BY Hence, ankle _kohuen an a0 forces (MBMBD) eof 3 -[Eted_tho Scalar _produck of duo vectors A=4.00t 43-00) and G= 6.0 b-9.00f. Also fend_dtha alle between them? e- en; Twe 4s sAS3f den eV = 5 Unis S-2F then p= Vaca = Vag unis -Page: 26 Date: J / Now. ———| : Haw (ie Rae (abs 5S-99F =ao-h Wer ly AR, We_have, ARs AG Cos or J4= S55 tase Cokes tt ous SO Bs a" TS] => 05 Sp.eyi se ths, nfle Lewoen Kaw % CR6P se ett |Serlm (det) _preduct cE 85 Seid to be Scala 4 kn uo Vee lit dyer Je gjue scl ul Lah Th ts danthd by 7B ID Hts dinotdhy xB | Mctoa. preduck. e Jhat_2re_the_diffucnce ekein _Seslan__ond Vockor_prduct Cems j_ppredue) > peduck %s 668 Levtder Ye wee | allipick_degttbn, do fie over quantity A's _dafinel_to D> Th fe devined be PP= AG (we . Rx® =Ae sino ®t A 1 95 Commutative Aah 4s anf Commutative. J ght Scalat_product_ a Wecter_ufth_| [the _wecky puck of Vector UY ftself. Gives a hull vectors [Psp Sfves squaae of. AS maagetrade [9 When_doue_Uecksre_pavalle peel her choo vicdos ave geval then 1 scalar) product fs AB. When duo _veckers = ews Vetdor produc Ys -zar0 . 15 Whon Awe Vectors ave prediolatt in dA pinduch & ach other then Neder produc s AB A. Ktalar pnduch fs + ag 9 vn nitaga@,che a | 2 When 2aniraratel lo each vfate shen | Vecdler_preduct 5 0.