DENTIST: AMR FUAD BALKAM

 Steps for complete denture construction

 Definition
 PRINCIPLES FOR IMPRESSION MAKING
 Primary impression
 Materials used for making primary impression
 Primary impression Tray
 Secondary impression
 Materials used for making final impression
 special tray
 Impression techniques
 Common faults in impression making
Definition of impression :
It is the negative replica of the teeth and
surrounding structure in the oral cavity
Primary impression :
It is impression made for the purpose of
diagnosis or for construction of tray
Final impression :
It is impression for making master cast used in
construction the dentures
 Preservation of remaining structures
 Support
 Retention
 Stability
 Esthetics
 The impression should record the details of the
basal seat and peripheral structures to prevent
injury to the oral tissues
 Pressure in the impression technique is reflected
as pressure in the tissue and bone , results in soft
tissue damage and bone resorbtion .

 Not to use heavy pressure

 to provide good support , the denture base should cover
as much denture-bearing area as possible
to distribute forces over wide areas due to an increase in
the denture –base areas and this help in preservation,
stability and retention.

(Support depends on: Denture base + Bone + soft tissue)

 It is the resistance to the forces which tries
to dislodge the denture in a direction opposite
to the path of insertion
 The denture’ retention is increased if the
impression extends peripherally of limiting
areas for good seal of the denture
 Size of the denture bearing area
 Saliva and its quality
 Adhesion
 Cohesion
 It is the physical attraction of unlike
molecules
 It acts when saliva sticks to the denture base
& to the mucous membrane of basal seat
 it is the physical attraction of like molecules
for each other .
 it occurs within saliva is present between
the denture base & the mucosa
 Stability is resistance to
horizontal or rotational
movement.
 To be stable , denture
requires:
 Good retention
 No interfering occlusion
 Proper tooth arrangement
 The thickness of the denture flanges is one
of the important factors that govern
esthetics.
 Impression should perfectly reproduce the
width and height of the entire sulcus for the
proper fabrication of the flanges.
 It is an impression made for the
purpose of diagnosis and
construction of special tray.

 There should be at least 5mm

clearance between the stock tray
and the ridge.
(1) Labial frenum (7) Fovea palatinae
(2) Incisive papilla (8) Residual alveolar ridge
(3) Palatal rugae (9) Buccal sulcus
(4) Midpalatine raphe (10) Buccal frenum
(5) Hamular notch (11) Labial sulcus
(6) Posterior palatal seal area
(1) Labial frenum (6) Buccal shelf area
(2) Labial sulcus, (7) Lingual frenum
(3) Residual alveolar ridge (8) Buccal frenum
(4) Retromolar pad (9) Masseteric notch
(5) Distolingual sulcus (10) Buccal sulcus
 Impression compound.
 Alginate impression material.
Alginate (irreversible hydrocolloid) is used for
edentulous primary impression and it is
indicated when there are flappy ridges or
severly undercut ridges
TRAY :
 It is a device that is used to carry and control
the impression material while making an
impression.

 During the impression making, the tray

facilitates insertion and removal of the
impression material from the patient's
mouth
l- Body: It consists of:
a) Floor
b) Flange

2- Handle
 Stock tray
 Special tray (individual tray) (custom
tray):
It is used for final impression procedure.
 This type of trays can be used for making
primary impression

 It makes from different materials such as

Aluminum, plastic, in variety of shapes, sizes
to fit different mouth.
1- Stock tray for dentulous patient.

2- Stock tray for edentulous patient.

 Perforated stock tray

 Non-perforated stock tray

 The type of material used in the primary
impression procedure, like impression compound
we used non-perforated tray, because it will be stick
on the tray. And if we use alginate material we
should use perforated stock tray for mechanical
retention of impression material to the tray surface.
 Size of the arch, stock tray comes in different
sizes.
 Form of the arch, (ovoid, square, V-shaped).
 Trays can be modified with compound or
wax to extend the tray if desired
 This impression is made with
individual tray.
 Final impression must be poured
with stone material to produce the
master cast.
 1- Zinc Oxide Eugenol impression material.
 2- Alginate impression material.
 3- Elastomers impression materials (Rubber
base).
 4- Impression plaster.
Before trying it on the
patient, it must be :
 There must be enough room
for the frenum.
 The border should be smooth,
rounded, and well-polished
(this can be checked by little
finger).
on upper tray is checked in the mouth.
It should be stable and cover the tuberosities and
hamular notches, posteriorly extend to vibrating
line, and the flanges should be 2mm shorter than
mucobuccal folds
 While lower tray should be cover the
retromolar pad area posteriorly and
should be stable in mouth when tongue
is moved
 Economy in impression material (less impression
material required in special tray).
 More accurate impression.
 The work with special tray is easier and quicker
than modifying stock tray to provide accurate
impression.
 Special tray is more accurately adapted to the oral
vestibules this helps in better retention of the
denture.
 Special tray is less bulky than stock tray which is
more comfortable for the patient.
 Spaced special tray (with or without stoppers).

 Closed fit special tray.

 the technique for correctly extending the flanges of
a custom impression tray.

 The flanges should be 2mm shorter than

mucobuccal folds extent of the final impression to
allow room for the border-molding material.
 Several materials have been used to border
mold an impression tray, including :
 modeling compound

 heavy bodied vinyl polysilicon

 Polyether
 Only sufficient border molding material is added to the
impression tray to slightly overfill the space created
when the tray was shortened 2 mm from the depth of the
vestibule
 When removed from the mouth, if the impression tray
shows through the border molding material, the tray was
insufficiently reduced.
 The border molding is completed, and all excess
material has been removed.
 Additionally there should be no areas in which the
impression tray has shown through the material
 non-pressure technique(mucostatic)
(minimal pressure),, or passive technique

Selective pressure techniques

pressure techniques
 The impression is made with the oral
mucous membrane and the jaws in a normal,
relaxed condition.

 The main advantage of this technique is its

high regard for tissue health & preservation

 The impression is made with an oversized

tray.
 It require minimal pressure be applied to the
oral tissue during the seating of the
impression tray and set of the impression
material.

 Little pressure on posterior palatal seal is

applied
 Impression material of choice is
zinc oxide eugenol or impression
plaster.
It's indicated in the following clinical
situations:
 Diabetes mellitus
 Osteo-radio-necrosis
 Progressive bone resorption
 It combines the principles of both pressure
and minimal pressure technique

 Identification of certain areas as pressure

bearing and non pressure bearing areas
 it is area of edentulous ridge that are
usually do not resorb easily .
 • Maxillary:-
a)posterior ridge
b) flat areas of the palate
 • Mandibular:-
a)buccal shelf area
 the area of dentulous ridge that are but tend
to resorb under load.
 Maxillary :-
anterior ridge
rugae •
 Mandibular:-
anterior ridge
 In this technique the impression is subjected
to pressure during taking , this pressures
either applied by
 dentist finger
 by the teeth of the patient and in this case it
is called functional impression
 Disadvantages of these technique
1. Excess pressure could lead to increase alveolar bone
resorption.
2. Dentures which fit well during mastication tend to
rebound when the tissue resume their normal resting
state.
3. Pressure on sharp bony ridges results in pain.
 Poor selection of the tray and materials.
 Insufficient material loaded in the tray.
 Excessive material loaded in the tray.
 (insufficient seating pressure or
excessive seating pressure).
 In correct position of the tray
 Recently computer-aided design and
computer-aided manufacturing
(CAD/CAM) technology have been applied
to complete dentures.