Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering

THERMAL AND FLUID MACHINES

MTV 420
FINAL EXAMINATION
07 November 2018

Examiners
Dr. Gazi I. Mahmood; Prof. Arun Saha (IIT Kanpur)
INSTRUCTIONS

1. Time: 180 min; Full Marks: 100.

2. Answer all questions. Number of Questions: 08. Symbols correspond to those in the text books.
3. Start every question on a new page.
4. Closed book test.
5. Materials allowed into the test:
a. THREE A4 formula sheets – both sides
Everything on the formula sheets must be HAND WRITTEN. No photocopies and
printouts and any form of copies of anything are allowed. No worked examples/
skeleton methods/ diagrams are allowed.
b. NO NOTES & TEXT BOOKS ARE ALLOWED.
c. Formula sheets with your name are to be handed in with answer booklet.
6. Show the units of final answers and carry two decimals through your calculations.
7. Use black or blue ink pens to write your answers. Only answers written in the answer book will
be evaluated.
8. List important assumptions for all your answers.
9. Mollier diagram and Steam Table for steam are provided at the end of questions.
10. ECSA Exit Level Outcome 2 Assessment Matrix (last page) is applicable. Put your name &
student no. Do not fill in the matrix. This page is to be handed in with your answer booklet.

1
Problem# 1: [Marks 20] Symbols correspond to those in the text book.
A multistage axial-flow gas turbine is used to produce power with the combustion gas
supplied at inlet at stagnation pressure and stagnation temperature of 966 kPa and 927
°C, respectively. The gas is exhausted from the turbine at the stagnation pressure of 101.4
kPa. Each stage of the turbine is designed to produce the same amount of power with a
constant mean radius of 12.7 cm rotating at 12000 rev/min. The axial velocity is 183 m/s
constant through the stages. Each stage is a normal stage and all stages are identical with
the stator (nozzle blade row) outlet angle of 70° from the axial direction. The reaction ratio
of each stage is R = 0.50. The polytropic efficiency of the turbine expansion is 0.86. The
gas flow rate is 13.6 kg/s.
Assume for gas: Cp = 1147 J/(kg.K), ɣ = 1.33, Rg = 285 J/(kg.K) = gas constant.
List four important assumptions.
Determine: (a) Total number of stages required; (b) Stator and rotor blade angles (α, β) at
each stage; (c) Stator blade height at inlet of the first stage; and (d) Power produced by
the turbine.

Figures: Problem# 1.

2
Problem# 2: [Marks 15] Symbols correspond to those in the text book.
The normal stage of an axial-flow compressor receives air at inlet at the static pressure
and static temperature of 1 bar and 300 K, respectively. The flow enters the stage at 170
m/s axially (no swirl). The rotor speed is 8000 rev/min. The rotor-blade turning angle (β1 -
β2) = 15° at the mean blade diameter, Dm = 0.50 m. The total-to-total isentropic efficiency
of the stage is 0.90 with the work done factor, λ = 0.96. The air flow rate is 35 kg/s.
Assume for air: Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), ɣ = 1.40, Ra = 287 J/(kg.K) = gas constant.
1 bar = 101.3 kPa.

List four important assumptions.

Determine: (a) Stagnation pressure ratio across the stage and stagnation pressure at
stage exit; and (b) Shaft power input if the mechanical efficiency ηm = 0.88.

Figures: Problem# 2.

3
Problem# 3: [Marks 5] Symbols correspond to those in the text book.
In a vertical-shaft Francis turbine, the effective head (HE) at the inlet of guide-vane is 150
m, total hydraulic losses from the guide-vane inlet to the runner exit is 16 m, and total
head at the runner exit is 1.62 m. The flow enters the runner at 39 m/s at an angle 72°
from the radial direction. The flow exits the runner without any swirl.
Determine: (a) Turbine hydraulic efficiency; and (b) Runner rotational speed (rev/min) if
the runner radius at inlet is 0.774 m.

Problem# 4: [Marks 5] Symbols correspond to those in the text book.

The runner buckets of a Pelton-turbine rotate on a mean diameter of 1.5 m at 1500
rev/min. The jet velocity is 1.8 times the bucket velocity. The shaft power output is 2 MW
with the mechanical efficiency of 0.80, blade friction coefficient 0.97, and blade exit angle
of 165°.
Determine the water mass flow rate required.

Problem# 5: [Marks 5] Symbols correspond to those in the text book.

A centrifugal-pump impeller is 85 mm in the outer radius and runs at 1450 rev/min. The
blade width is 15 mm at exit and swept back at 60° from the radial direction. The inlet flow
to the impeller is radial. The effective flow area at outlet is 90% of the gross flow area. The
pump delivers 0.015 m3/s of water (ρ = 103 kg/m3). The hydraulic efficiency is 0.75.
Assume the slip factor is 1.0.
Determine: (a) Actual head delivered; and (b) Power delivered to the rotor.

Figure: Problem# 5.
4
Problem# 6: [Marks 15] Symbols correspond to those in the text book.
The following figure shows a gas turbine system with two two-stage compression with
intercooling and two-stage turbine expansion with reheat. A regenerator is also provided to
recover energy in turbine exhaust. Air enters the low-pressure compressor at T1 = 25 °C
and pressure, P1 = 1 bar. Air exits the water-cooler intercooler at T3 = 45 °C. The fuel is
methane having a heat value (HV) = 50 MJ/kg. The turbine inlet temperature for both the
low and high pressure turbines is T6 = T8 = 1100 °C. The regenerator effectiveness ɛ =
0.40. The overall pressure ratio of the two compressors is (p4/p1) = 10. Neglect pressure
losses in all the components. The polytropic efficiencies of the compressors and turbines
are the same i.e., ηp,t = ηp,c = 0.76.
Assume for air: Cpa = 1005 J/(kg.K), ɣa = 1.4 and for combustion gas: Cpg = 1147
J/(kg.K), ɣa = 1.33.
For the minimum overall compressor work and the maximum overall turbine work,
determine the followings.
List four important assumptions. Draw the T-s diagram of the cycle and indicate the state
points that correspond to the flow diagram.
(a) Combustor air-fuel ratio (A/F)cc and reheater air-fuel ratio (A/F)rh.
(b) Specific net work per unit mass of air (kJ/kg).
(c) Cycle thermal efficiency.

regenerator

Figure: Problem# 6.

5
Problem# 7: [Marks 25] Symbols correspond to those in the text book. Mollier diagram
and Steam Table are provided at the end of questions.
Consider a combined cycle power plant in the following figure using helium and water as
the working fluids. Helium enters the compressor of the gas turbine at 1.4 MPa, 350 K,
and is compressed to 5.5 MPa. The isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 80%. The
conditions at the inlet to the gas turbine are 5.5 MPa and 1033 K. Helium expands through
the turbine, which has an isentropic efficiency of 80%, to a pressure of 1.4 MPa. The mass
flow rate of the helium gas is 100 kg/s. Saturated steam at 8 MPa exits the heat
exchanger (HX) which is superheated to 425 oC before it enters the steam turbine of the
vapor power cycle, and expands to the condenser pressure of 7 kPa. The steam exits the
turbine at a steam quality of 0.90. Water enters the pump as saturated liquid at 7 kPa and
is pumped to the turbine inlet pressure. Isentropic efficiency of the the pump is 100%.
Assume for helium: Cp = 5.19 kJ/(kg.K) and ɣ = 1.66.
List four important assumptions. Draw the T-s diagram of the cycle and indicate the state
points that correspond to the flow diagram.
Determine: (a) Mass flow rates of steam; (b) Net power developed; and (c) Thermal
efficiency of the combined cycle.

Figure: Problem# 7 (State points 3 and 6 are corresponding isentropic conditions).

Problem# 8: [Marks 10] Symbols correspond to those in the text book.

A small reciprocating compressor working on air has a bore-diameter and stroke-length
both of 100 mm and is driven at 400 rev/min. The clearance volume is 80 cm3 and
polytropic index for compressions and expansion is 1.2 (i.e. PV1.2 = constant). The intake
pressure is 0.95 bar and the delivery pressure is 8 bar. Gas constant R = 287 J/(kg.K).
List two important assumptions. Draw the P-V diagram of the cycle.
Determine: (a) Air-volume inducted per minute at 1.013 bar and 20 °C if the temperature
at the start of compression is 30 °C; and (b) Power required by the compressor.

-------------------------End of Questions-------------------------
6
 Table 5. Properties of Saturated Water and Steam (Pressure)
Press. Temp. Volume, m3/kg Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/(kg•K) Press.
MPa t (ºC) vL vV hL hV sL sV MPa

0.001 6.97 0.0010001 129.18 29.298 2513.7 0.1059 8.9749 0.001

0.002 17.50 0.0010014 66.990 73.435 2532.9 0.2606 8.7227 0.002
0.003 24.08 0.0010028 45.655 100.99 2544.9 0.3543 8.5766 0.003
0.004 28.96 0.0010041 34.792 121.40 2553.7 0.4224 8.4735 0.004
0.005 32.88 0.0010053 28.186 137.77 2560.8 0.4763 8.3939 0.005

0.006 36.16 0.0010064 23.734 151.49 2566.7 0.5209 8.3291 0.006

0.007 39.00 0.0010075 20.525 163.37 2571.8 0.5591 8.2746 0.007
0.008 41.51 0.0010085 18.099 173.85 2576.2 0.5925 8.2274 0.008
0.009 43.76 0.0010094 16.200 183.26 2580.3 0.6223 8.1859 0.009
0.010 45.81 0.0010103 14.671 191.81 2583.9 0.6492 8.1489 0.010

0.012 49.42 0.0010119 12.359 206.91 2590.3 0.6963 8.0850 0.012

0.014 52.55 0.0010133 10.691 219.99 2595.8 0.7366 8.0312 0.014
0.016 55.31 0.0010147 9.4309 231.55 2600.7 0.7720 7.9847 0.016
0.018 57.80 0.0010160 8.4433 241.95 2605.0 0.8035 7.9437 0.018
0.020 60.06 0.0010171 7.6482 251.40 2608.9 0.8320 7.9072 0.020

0.025 64.96 0.0010198 6.2034 271.93 2617.4 0.8931 7.8302 0.025

0.030 69.10 0.0010222 5.2286 289.23 2624.6 0.9439 7.7675 0.030
0.035 72.68 0.0010244 4.5252 304.25 2630.7 0.9876 7.7146 0.035
0.040 75.86 0.0010264 3.9931 317.57 2636.1 1.0259 7.6690 0.040
0.045 78.71 0.0010282 3.5761 329.55 2640.9 1.0601 7.6288 0.045

0.05 81.32 0.0010299 3.2401 340.48 2645.2 1.0910 7.5930 0.05

0.06 85.93 0.0010331 2.7318 359.84 2652.9 1.1452 7.5311 0.06
0.07 89.93 0.0010359 2.3649 376.68 2659.4 1.1919 7.4790 0.07
0.08 93.49 0.0010385 2.0872 391.64 2665.2 1.2328 7.4339 0.08
0.09 96.69 0.0010409 1.8695 405.13 2670.3 1.2694 7.3942 0.09

0.10 99.61 0.0010431 1.6940 417.44 2674.9 1.3026 7.3588 0.10

0.12 104.78 0.0010473 1.4284 439.30 2683.1 1.3608 7.2976 0.12
0.14 109.29 0.0010510 1.2366 458.37 2690.0 1.4109 7.2460 0.14
0.16 113.30 0.0010544 1.0914 475.34 2696.0 1.4549 7.2014 0.16
0.18 116.91 0.0010576 0.97753 490.67 2701.4 1.4944 7.1620 0.18

0.20 120.21 0.0010605 0.88574 504.68 2706.2 1.5301 7.1269 0.20

0.25 127.41 0.0010672 0.71870 535.35 2716.5 1.6072 7.0524 0.25
0.30 133.53 0.0010732 0.60579 561.46 2724.9 1.6718 6.9916 0.30
0.35 138.86 0.0010786 0.52420 584.31 2732.0 1.7275 6.9401 0.35
0.40 143.61 0.0010836 0.46239 604.72 2738.1 1.7766 6.8954 0.40

0.45 147.91 0.0010882 0.41390 623.22 2743.4 1.8206 6.8560 0.45

0.50 151.84 0.0010926 0.37480 640.19 2748.1 1.8606 6.8206 0.50
0.55 155.46 0.0010967 0.34259 655.88 2752.3 1.8972 6.7885 0.55
0.60 158.83 0.0011006 0.31558 670.50 2756.1 1.9311 6.7592 0.60
0.65 161.99 0.0011044 0.29258 684.22 2759.6 1.9626 6.7321 0.65

0.70 164.95 0.0011080 0.27276 697.14 2762.7 1.9921 6.7070 0.70

0.80 170.41 0.0011148 0.24033 721.02 2768.3 2.0460 6.6615 0.80
0.90 175.36 0.0011212 0.21487 742.72 2773.0 2.0944 6.6212 0.90
1.00 179.89 0.0011272 0.19435 762.68 2777.1 2.1384 6.5850 1.00
1.10 184.07 0.0011330 0.17744 781.20 2780.7 2.1789 6.5520 1.10

18 • ASME Steam Tables – COMPACT EDITION

Table 5. Properties of Saturated Water and Steam (Pressure)
Press. Temp. Volume, m3/kg Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/(kg•K) Press.
MPa t (ºC) vL vV hL hV sL sV MPa

1.2 187.96 0.001139 0.16325 798.50 2783.8 2.2163 6.5217 1.2

1.3 191.61 0.001144 0.15117 814.76 2786.5 2.2512 6.4936 1.3
1.4 195.05 0.001149 0.14077 830.13 2788.9 2.2839 6.4675 1.4
1.5 198.30 0.001154 0.13170 844.72 2791.0 2.3147 6.4431 1.5
1.6 201.38 0.001159 0.12373 858.61 2792.9 2.3438 6.4200 1.6

1.8 207.12 0.001168 0.11036 884.61 2796.0 2.3978 6.3776 1.8

2.0 212.38 0.001177 0.099581 908.62 2798.4 2.4470 6.3392 2.0
2.2 217.26 0.001185 0.090695 930.98 2800.2 2.4924 6.3040 2.2
2.4 221.80 0.001193 0.083242 951.95 2801.5 2.5344 6.2714 2.4
2.6 226.05 0.001201 0.076897 971.74 2802.5 2.5738 6.2411 2.6

2.8 230.06 0.001209 0.071428 990.50 2803.0 2.6107 6.2126 2.8

3.0 233.86 0.001217 0.066664 1008.4 2803.3 2.6456 6.1858 3.0
3.2 237.46 0.001224 0.062475 1025.5 2803.2 2.6787 6.1604 3.2
3.4 240.90 0.001231 0.058761 1041.8 2803.0 2.7102 6.1362 3.4
3.6 244.19 0.001239 0.055446 1057.6 2802.5 2.7403 6.1131 3.6

3.8 247.33 0.001246 0.052468 1072.8 2801.8 2.7690 6.0910 3.8

4.0 250.36 0.001253 0.049777 1087.4 2800.9 2.7967 6.0697 4.0
4.2 253.27 0.001259 0.047333 1101.6 2799.9 2.8232 6.0492 4.2
4.4 256.07 0.001266 0.045103 1115.4 2798.7 2.8488 6.0294 4.4
4.6 258.78 0.001273 0.043060 1128.8 2797.3 2.8736 6.0103 4.6

4.8 261.40 0.001280 0.041181 1141.8 2795.8 2.8975 5.9917 4.8

5.0 263.94 0.001286 0.039446 1154.5 2794.2 2.9207 5.9737 5.0
5.5 269.97 0.001303 0.035642 1184.9 2789.7 2.9759 5.9307 5.5
6.0 275.59 0.001319 0.032449 1213.7 2784.6 3.0274 5.8901 6.0
6.5 280.86 0.001336 0.029728 1241.2 2778.8 3.0760 5.8515 6.5

7.0 285.83 0.001352 0.027380 1267.4 2772.6 3.1220 5.8146 7.0

7.5 290.54 0.001368 0.025331 1292.7 2765.8 3.1658 5.7792 7.5
8.0 295.01 0.001385 0.023528 1317.1 2758.6 3.2077 5.7448 8.0
8.5 299.27 0.001401 0.021926 1340.7 2751.0 3.2478 5.7115 8.5
9.0 303.35 0.001418 0.020493 1363.7 2742.9 3.2866 5.6790 9.0

9.5 307.25 0.001435 0.019203 1386.0 2734.4 3.3240 5.6472 9.5

10.0 311.00 0.001453 0.018034 1407.9 2725.5 3.3603 5.6159 10.0
11.0 318.08 0.001489 0.015994 1450.3 2706.4 3.4300 5.5545 11.0
12.0 324.68 0.001526 0.014269 1491.3 2685.6 3.4965 5.4941 12.0
13.0 330.86 0.001566 0.012785 1531.4 2662.9 3.5606 5.4339 13.0

14.0 336.67 0.001610 0.011489 1570.9 2638.1 3.6230 5.3730 14.0

15.0 342.16 0.001657 0.010340 1610.2 2610.9 3.6844 5.3108 15.0
16.0 347.36 0.001710 0.009308 1649.7 2580.8 3.7457 5.2463 16.0
17.0 352.29 0.001769 0.008369 1690.0 2547.4 3.8077 5.1785 17.0
18.0 356.99 0.001839 0.007499 1732.0 2509.5 3.8717 5.1055 18.0

19.0 361.47 0.001925 0.006673 1776.9 2465.4 3.9396 5.0246 19.0

20.0 365.75 0.002039 0.005858 1827.1 2411.4 4.0154 4.9299 20.0
21.0 369.83 0.002212 0.004988 1889.4 2337.5 4.1093 4.8062 21.0
22.0 373.71 0.002750 0.003577 2021.9 2164.2 4.3109 4.5308 22.0
pc 373.946 0.003106 0.003106 2087.5 2087.5 4.4120 4.4120 pc

pc = 22.064 MPa

ASME Steam Tables – COMPACT EDITION • 19

Table 6. Superheated Steam – SI Units
Pressure
MPa Temperature—Degrees Celsius
(Sat. T) 300 325 350 375 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800

7.0 v 0.0295 0.0326 0.0353 0.0377 0.0400 0.0442 0.0482 0.0520 0.0557 0.0593 0.0628 0.0664 0.0698
(285.83) h 2839.8 2935.5 3016.8 3090.4 3159.1 3288.2 3411.3 3531.5 3650.6 3769.4 3888.5 4008.1 4128.6
s 5.9335 6.0970 6.2303 6.3460 6.4501 6.6351 6.7997 6.9505 7.0909 7.2232 7.3488 7.4687 7.5837

7.5 v 0.0267 0.0298 0.0325 0.0348 0.0370 0.0410 0.0448 0.0483 0.0518 0.0552 0.0586 0.0619 0.0651
(290.54) h 2814.3 2917.4 3002.7 3078.8 3149.3 3280.7 3405.3 3526.7 3646.5 3765.9 3885.4 4005.5 4126.3
s 5.8644 6.0407 6.1805 6.3002 6.4070 6.5954 6.7620 6.9141 7.0555 7.1885 7.3145 7.4348 7.5501

8.0 v 0.0243 0.0274 0.0300 0.0323 0.0343 0.0382 0.0418 0.0452 0.0485 0.0517 0.0548 0.0579 0.0610
(295.01) h 2786.4 2898.3 2988.1 3066.9 3139.3 3273.2 3399.4 3521.8 3642.4 3762.4 3882.4 4002.9 4124.0
s 5.7935 5.9849 6.1319 6.2560 6.3657 6.5577 6.7264 6.8798 7.0221 7.1557 7.2823 7.4030 7.5186

8.5 v 0.0220 0.0252 0.0278 0.0300 0.0320 0.0357 0.0391 0.0424 0.0455 0.0485 0.0515 0.0545 0.0574
(299.27) h 2755.4 2878.3 2972.9 3054.7 3129.1 3265.6 3393.4 3516.9 3638.3 3758.9 3879.4 4000.2 4121.7
s 5.7193 5.9294 6.0845 6.2132 6.3259 6.5216 6.6925 6.8473 6.9905 7.1248 7.2519 7.3730 7.4889

9.0 v 0.0233 0.0258 0.0280 0.0300 0.0335 0.0368 0.0399 0.0429 0.0458 0.0486 0.0514 0.0541
(303.35) h 2857.0 2957.2 3042.2 3118.8 3257.9 3387.3 3511.9 3634.2 3755.4 3876.4 3997.6 4119.4
s 5.8736 6.0378 6.1716 6.2875 6.4871 6.6601 6.8163 6.9605 7.0955 7.2231 7.3446 7.4608

9.5 v 0.0215 0.0240 0.0262 0.0281 0.0316 0.0347 0.0377 0.0405 0.0433 0.0460 0.0486 0.0512
(307.25) h 2834.4 2940.9 3029.4 3108.2 3250.2 3381.2 3506.9 3630.0 3751.9 3873.3 3994.9 4117.0
s 5.8170 5.9917 6.1309 6.2502 6.4538 6.6291 6.7867 6.9319 7.0676 7.1957 7.3176 7.4341

10.0 v 0.0199 0.0224 0.0246 0.0264 0.0298 0.0328 0.0357 0.0384 0.0410 0.0436 0.0461 0.0486
(311.00) h 2810.2 2924.0 3016.2 3097.4 3242.3 3375.1 3501.9 3625.8 3748.3 3870.3 3992.3 4114.7
s 5.7593 5.9458 6.0910 6.2139 6.4217 6.5993 6.7584 6.9045 7.0409 7.1696 7.2918 7.4086

11.0 v 0.0170 0.0196 0.0217 0.0235 0.0267 0.0296 0.0322 0.0347 0.0371 0.0395 0.0418 0.0441
(318.08) h 2755.6 2887.8 2988.7 3075.1 3226.2 3362.6 3491.9 3617.5 3741.2 3864.2 3987.0 4110.1
s 5.6373 5.8541 6.0129 6.1438 6.3605 6.5430 6.7050 6.8531 6.9910 7.1207 7.2437 7.3612

12.0 v 0.0143 0.0172 0.0193 0.0211 0.0242 0.0268 0.0293 0.0317 0.0339 0.0361 0.0383 0.0404
(324.68) h 2688.4 2848.0 2959.5 3051.9 3209.8 3350.0 3481.7 3609.0 3734.1 3858.0 3981.6 4105.4
s 5.4988 5.7607 5.9362 6.0762 6.3027 6.4902 6.6553 6.8055 6.9448 7.0756 7.1994 7.3175

13.0 v 0.0151 0.0173 0.0190 0.0220 0.0245 0.0269 0.0291 0.0312 0.0332 0.0352 0.0372
(330.86) h 2803.6 2928.3 3027.6 3192.9 3337.1 3471.4 3600.5 3726.9 3851.9 3976.3 4100.7
s 5.6635 5.8600 6.0104 6.2475 6.4404 6.6087 6.7610 6.9018 7.0336 7.1583 7.2771

14.0 v 0.0132 0.0155 0.0172 0.0201 0.0225 0.0248 0.0268 0.0288 0.0308 0.0326 0.0345
(336.67) h 2752.9 2894.9 3002.2 3175.6 3324.1 3461.0 3591.9 3719.7 3845.7 3970.9 4096.0
s 5.5595 5.7832 5.9457 6.1945 6.3931 6.5648 6.7192 6.8615 6.9944 7.1200 7.2393

15.0 v 0.0115 0.0139 0.0157 0.0185 0.0208 0.0229 0.0249 0.0268 0.0286 0.0304 0.0321
(342.16) h 2693.0 2858.9 2975.5 3157.8 3310.8 3450.5 3583.3 3712.4 3839.5 3965.6 4091.3
s 5.4435 5.7049 5.8817 6.1433 6.3479 6.5230 6.6797 6.8235 6.9576 7.0839 7.2039

16.0 v 0.0098 0.0125 0.0143 0.0170 0.0193 0.0214 0.0232 0.0250 0.0267 0.0284 0.0301
(347.36) h 2617.0 2819.5 2947.5 3139.6 3297.3 3439.8 3574.6 3705.1 3833.3 3960.2 4086.6
s 5.3045 5.6238 5.8177 6.0935 6.3045 6.4832 6.6422 6.7876 6.9228 7.0499 7.1706

17.0 v 0.0112 0.0130 0.0158 0.0180 0.0199 0.0218 0.0235 0.0251 0.0267 0.0282
(352.29) h 2775.9 2917.8 3120.9 3283.6 3429.1 3565.9 3697.8 3827.0 3954.8 4081.9
s 5.5384 5.7533 6.0449 6.2627 6.4451 6.6064 6.7534 6.8897 7.0178 7.1391

18.0 v 0.0100 0.0119 0.0147 0.0168 0.0187 0.0204 0.0221 0.0236 0.0251 0.0266
(356.99) h 2726.9 2886.3 3101.7 3269.7 3418.3 3557.0 3690.4 3820.7 3949.4 4077.2
s 5.4465 5.6881 5.9973 6.2222 6.4085 6.5722 6.7208 6.8583 6.9872 7.1091

v = specific volume, m3/kg h = enthalpy, kJ/kg s = entropy, kJ/(kg•K)

ASME Steam Tables – COMPACT EDITION • 23

 4000
700 oC

77 C
725

0 o
0
75

5
3900

80
675

t=
650
3800
625
600 oC
3700
575

550
3600
525

3500 500 oC

475

3400 450

425
3300 400 oC
375
3200 350
325
3100 300 oC
275
Enthalpy / kJ kg-1

3000 250
Pa
00 M

225

05

02
5

5
2 .0

0.1
0 .2

0 .1
0 .6

0 .3

0.0
0 .4
1 .5

0 .8
40
60

0.0
1 .0

2900

0.0
20

10
15

8
6
4
3

200 oC
p=1

180
160
2800

Pa
M
140

01
0.0
120

0.0
2700 100 oC

p=
Sat Pa 80
1M
ura
ted
0.0

Vap 60
2600 o r o
t = 40 C
20

2500 liqu
id =5
%
2400
10%
2300

15
2200 %

2100 20
%

SI Units
liq

2000
uid

Enthalpy - Entropy Chart

40%

=3
0%

1900
50%

1800
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0

Entropy / kJ kg-1 K-1

30 • ASME Steam Tables – COMPACT EDITION

 ECSA EXIT LEVEL OUTCOME 2 ASSESSMENT MATRIX

NAME: _____________________________

STUDENT NUMBER: ____________________

Description Weight Ref. Does not meet Meets

(W) assessment assessment
criterion (0) criterion (1 x W)
Has the student provided a diagram describing the 1 Q6
process mathematically i.e. T-s diagram?
Is the student able to use the correct assumptions 2 Q 1, 2
and mathematical techniques to simplify complex
problems i.e. did the student state assumptions to
use the appropriate equations?
Did the student discuss the accuracy of his/her 1 Q7
answers and the probability that it is realistic for a
“real world” industry application i.e. if an efficiency
of 99% is obtained for a steam cycle, does the
student acknowledge a mistake in his/her
calculations? [1(v)]
Has the student provided a diagram describing the 1 Q7
process using basic sciences i.e component diagram?
Did the student answer the questions using first 1 Q6
principles i.e. first law of Thermodynamics to solve
compressor problems?
Was the student able to filter out the necessary 2 Q 1, 2
information to answer an open ended question for a
specific specialist area of the course i.e. is the
student able to identify “red herrings” and ignore the
information and only extract what is necessary?
[2(iv), 5(ii)]
Was the student able to discuss the impact of the 2 Q 2, 6
specialist engineering application across engineering
disciplines i.e can the student discuss the impact of
mechanical equipment on electrical loading and
control systems? [1(v), 3(ii)]
SATISFACTORY? NO YES

PLEASE NOTE:

 This matrix will be used in conjunction with the formal memo of Final exam for evaluations.
 Over and above the accepted answers in the memo, the student must ALSO obtain a satisfactory
assessment matrix in order to pass the test.