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Multimedia
Animation
 CONTENTS
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WHAT IS MULTIMEDIA ??

• Many or more
MULTI than one

• Medium of
MEDIA Communication
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There are five main elements in a complete multimedia system.

 What is ANIMATION?
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• Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D

artwork or model positions in order to create an illusion of movement.

• Animation is an events
Each drawing is called a “frame”
(a snapshot of what’s happening at a particular moment)
Required Frames Per Second FPS:
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File Formats used in Animation

.dir and .dcr - Director files.

.fla and .swf - Flash files.

GIF89a file format: Graphics Interchange Format

• It is a version of the GIF image format.
• GIF89 a allows multiple images to be put into a single file and then be displayed as
an animation in the Web browser.
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Animation Software

Animated GIF Flash Director

Created by Depends Flash Director
Extension Source depends .fla (source) .dir (source)
.gif (movie) .swf (movie) .dcr (movie)

Size Larger than Vector images take up Vector images take up

normal gif less space than GIF less space than GIF
bitmapped images bitmapped images
Uses Banners, small Interactive video, More interactive sites
areas graphics, animation
Need to play it Nothing Flash Player (Free and Web browser plug in
works with most (The Shockwave
browsers) Player)

No sound Sound Sound

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Editing software for animation

• Macromedia flash (2D)

• Asymmetrix 3DFX (3D)
• Magic morph (special effect)
• Ulead GIF animator (web animation)
 Types of Animation
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Two types of animation exist:

• 2-D animation
• Cel animation
• Path animation
• 3-D animation
 2-D Animation  Cel-Based
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• Cel animation is a technique in which a series of progressively different

graphics are used on each frame of movie film.
• The term "cel" is derived from the clear celluloid sheets that were used
for drawing each frame.
• (also called traditional animation, classical animation, hand-drawn
animation)
• Background remains stable .
• Object changes from frame to frame
 Cel Animation
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one background is drawn and

An object is drawn on a clear sheet of plastic (a cel),
one drawing for each frame.
When moving to the next scene, just change the
background
(Cel) technique relies on fixed principles are also
used in the modern movement techniques, and
these principles and concepts :
Keyframes: which represent the beginning and
end of the movement.
Tweening: Frames that are added between the
first and last frame to give the appearance of
continuity in motion
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Path Based Animation

• moves an object along a predetermined
path on the screen
• The path could be a straight line or any
number of curves.

• And then the computer generated all

the frames in between called
(estimation Frames)
- the artist doesn’t have to draw the
intermediate frames (like the artist did
in cel based animation)
 3-D Animation
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• 3-D Animation involves three steps:-

1. Modeling – creating the broad contours and structure of 3-D

objects and scenes
2. Animation – defining the object’s motion
3. Rendering – giving objects attributes such as color, surface
textures, and amounts of transparency
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3-D Animation
 3-D Animation Special Effects
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• Morphing – blending together

two images into a series of
images.
funny warping of faces and
mixing parent's photos for
prediction of how their child
will look like .
• Warping – distorts a single
image
• Virtual Reality – creates an
environment that surrounds
the user so that he or she
becomes part of the
experience
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Animation on the Internet

• Animation is an excellent way to provide appeal on a web site,
choose from the following

Animated text
Animated GIF’s
Marcomedia Director applications
3-D environments
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• Animated text – using the HTML <blink> command causes text to flash
on and off
• Animated gif – using a software program to create a series of gif files
such as GIF Builder
• 3-D environments – a computer language used to create 3-D images
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12 Basic Principles of Animation

1. Timing
• The basics are: more drawings between poses slow and smooth
the action. Fewer drawings make the action faster and crisper. A
variety of slow and fast timing within a scene adds texture and
interest to the movement.
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12 Basic Principles of Animation

2. Secondary Action
• This action adds to and enriches the main action and adds more
dimension to the character animation, supplementing and/or re-
enforcing the main action.
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12 Basic Principles of Animation

3. Follow Through and Overlapping Action

• When the main body of the character stops all other parts
continue to catch up to the main mass of the character, such as
arms, long hair, clothing, coat tails or a dress, floppy ears or a
long tail (these follow the path of action). Nothing stops all at
once
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12 Basic Principles of Animation

4. Straight Ahead Action and Pose-To-Pose Action

• Straight ahead animation starts at the first drawing and works
drawing to drawing to the end of a scene. You can lose size,
volume, and proportions with this method, but it does have
spontaneity and freshness. Fast, wild action scenes are done this
way.
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12 Basic Principles of Animation

4. Straight Ahead Action and Pose-To-Pose Action

• Pose to Pose is more planned out and charted with key drawings
done at intervals throughout the scene. Size, volumes, and
proportions are controlled better this way, as is the action.
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12 Basic Principles of Animation

5. Staging
• A pose or action should clearly communicate to the audience the
attitude, mood, reaction or idea of the character as it relates to
the story and continuity of the story line. The effective use of
long, medium, or close up shots, as well as camera angles also
helps in telling the story.
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12 Basic Principles of Animation

6. Appeal
• A live performer has charisma. An animated character has
appeal. Appealing animation does not mean just being cute and
cuddly. All characters have to have appeal whether they are
heroic, bad ,comic or cute.
• Appeal, as you will use it, includes an easy to read design, clear
drawing, and personality development that will capture and
involve the audience’s interest.
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12 Basic Principles of Animation

7. Solid Drawing
• The basic principles of drawing form, weight, volume solidity and
the illusion of three dimension apply to animation as it does to
academic drawing.
• Transform these into color and movement giving the characters
the illusion of three-and four-dimensional life. Three
dimensional is movement in space.
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12 Basic Principles of Animation

8. Ease In and Out

• As action starts, we have more drawings near the starting pose,
one or two in the middle, and more drawings near the next pose.
• Fewer drawings make the action faster and more drawings make
the action slower. Slow-ins and slow-outs soften the action,
making it more life-like
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12 Basic Principles of Animation

9. Arcs
• All actions, with few exceptions (such as the animation of a
mechanical device), follow an arc or slightly circular path.
• This is especially true of the human figure and the action of
animals. Arcs give animation a more natural action and better
flow.
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12 Basic Principles of Animation

10. Anticipation
• This movement prepares the audience for a major action the
character is about to perform, such as, starting to run, jump or
change expression.
• A dancer does not just leap off the floor. A backwards motion
occurs before the forward action is executed. The backward
motion is the anticipation.
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12 Basic Principles of Animation

11. Squash and Stretch

• This action gives the illusion of weight and volume to a character
as it moves. Also squash and stretch is useful in animating
dialogue and doing facial expressions.
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12 Basic Principles of Animation

12. Exaggeration
• Exaggeration is not extreme distortion of a drawing or extremely
broad, violent action all the time. It’s like a caricature of facial
features, expressions, poses, attitudes and actions.
• Exaggeration in a walk or an eye movement or even a head turn
will give your animation more appeal.
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