McMaster University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
CE 3J04 – Reinforced Concrete Design
Winter 2021
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Assignment 2 – Model Answer
Question 1 (45 Marks)
(a) Equivalent Single-web-T Section (5 Marks)
(b) Mcr Considering Reinforcement (20 Marks)
𝐸 2∗105
[1] 𝑛 = 𝐸𝑠 = 4500√30 = 8.11 . . . 𝑛 = 9 (3 Marks)
𝑐
[2] 𝐴𝑣 = 𝐴𝑐 + (𝑛 − 1) ∗ 𝐴𝑠 = (100 ∗ 1500 + 650 ∗ 500) + (9 − 1) ∗ 4000 = 507000 𝑚𝑚2 (3.5 Marks)
(100∗1500)(700)+(650∗500)(650/2)+(9−1)∗4000∗50
[3] 𝑌̅𝑡 = = 418.6 𝑚𝑚 (3.5 Marks)
507000
1500∗1003 500∗6503
[4] 𝐼𝑔 = + (1500 ∗ 100)(700 − 418.6)2 + + (500 ∗ 650)(418.6 − 650/2)2 +
12 12
(9 − 1)(4000)(418.6 − 50)2 = 3.064 ∗ 1010 𝑚𝑚4 (3.5 Marks)
[5] 𝑓𝑟 = 0.6 ∗ 𝜆 ∗ √𝑓′𝑐 = 0.6 ∗ 1 ∗ √30 = 3.29 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (3.5 Marks)
𝑓𝑟 ∗𝐼𝑔 3.29∗3.064∗1010
[6] 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = = = 240.82 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 (3 Marks)
𝑌̅𝑡 418.6
Dr. Wael El-El-Dakhakhni
McMaster University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
CE 3J04 – Reinforced Concrete Design
Winter 2021
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(c) Mcr Without Considering Reinforcement (15 Marks)
[1] 𝐴𝑐 = 100 ∗ 1500 + 650 ∗ 500 = 475000 𝑚𝑚2 (3 Marks)
(100∗1500)(700)+(650∗500)(650/2)
[2] 𝑌̅𝑡 = = 443.4 𝑚𝑚 (3 Marks)
475000
1500∗1003 500∗6503
[3] 𝐼𝑔 = + (1500 ∗ 100)(700 − 443.4)2 + + (500 ∗ 650)(443.4 − 650/2)2 = 2.60 ∗
12 12
1010 𝑚𝑚4 (3 Marks)
[4] 𝑓𝑟 = 0.6 ∗ 𝜆 ∗ √𝑓′𝑐 = 0.6 ∗ 1 ∗ √30 = 3.29 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (3 Marks)
𝑓𝑟 ∗𝐼𝑔 3.29∗2.60∗1010
[5] 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = = = 192.92 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 (3 Marks)
𝑌̅𝑡 443.4
(d) Percentage Increase (5 Marks)
𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 240.82 − 192.92 = 47.9 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
47.9
% 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = ∗ 100 = 24.8%
192.92
Using reinforcement increased the cracking moment from 192.92 kN.m to 240.82 kN.m (i.e., by 24.8%).
Dr. Wael El-El-Dakhakhni
McMaster University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
CE 3J04 – Reinforced Concrete Design
Winter 2021
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Question 2 (20 Marks)
𝐴𝑠 = 4 ∗ 300 = 1200 𝑚𝑚2
[1] Calculate α and β … (2 Marks)
𝛼1 = 0.85 − 0.0015 ∗ 𝑓′𝑐 = 0.85 − 0.0015 ∗ 30 = 0.805 > 0.67
𝛽1 = 0.97 − 0.0025 ∗ 𝑓′𝑐 = 0.97 − 0.0025 ∗ 30 = 0.895 > 0.67
[2] Assume that … (2 Marks)
Section is under-reinforced or balanced.
⸫ 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 = 400 𝑀𝑃𝑎
[3] From the equilibrium equation … (3 Marks)
𝛼1 𝜑𝑐 𝑓′𝑐 = 𝜑𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠
0.805 ∗ 0.65 ∗ 30 ∗ (𝑎 ∗ 300) = 0.85 ∗ 400 ∗ 1200
𝑎 = 86.64 𝑚𝑚
[4] Calculate C … (3 Marks)
𝑎 86.64
𝐶= = = 96.8 𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 0.895
[5] From the strain diagram … (2 Marks)
𝜀𝑠 0.0035
=
453.2 96.8
𝜀𝑠 = 0.0164
[6] Calculate the yield strain of steel … (2 Marks)
𝐹𝑦 400
𝜀𝑦 = = = 0.002
𝐸𝑠 2 ∗ 105
[7] Check the assumptions … (2 Marks)
𝜀𝑠 = 0.0164 > 𝜀𝑦 = 0.002
The assumption is correct, so the section is under-reinforced
𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 and 𝑎 = 86.64 𝑚𝑚
[8] Calculate Mr … (4 Marks)
𝑎
𝑀𝑟 = 𝜑𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠 (𝑑 − ) = 0.85 ∗ 400 ∗ 1200 ∗ (550 − 86.64/2) = 206.73 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
Dr. Wael El-El-Dakhakhni
McMaster University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
CE 3J04 – Reinforced Concrete Design
Winter 2021
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Question 3 (35 Marks)
𝐴𝑠 = 2 ∗ 300 = 600 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴′𝑠 = 4 ∗ 500 = 2000 𝑚𝑚2
[1] Calculate α and β … (4 Marks)
𝛼1 = 0.85 − 0.0015 ∗ 𝑓′𝑐 = 0.85 − 0.0015 ∗ 40 = 0.790 > 0.67
𝛽1 = 0.97 − 0.0025 ∗ 𝑓′𝑐 = 0.97 − 0.0025 ∗ 40 = 0.870 > 0.67
[2] Assume that … (4 Marks)
• 𝜀𝑠 ≥ 𝜀𝑦 … 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 = 400 𝑀𝑃𝑎 … Section is under-reinforced or balanced.
• 𝜀′𝑠 ≥ 𝜀′𝑦 … 𝑓′𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 = 400 𝑀𝑃𝑎
[3] From the equilibrium equation … (4 Marks)
𝐶𝑐 + 𝐶𝑠 = 𝑇𝑠
𝛼1 𝜑𝑐 𝑓′𝑐 (𝑎. 𝑏) + 𝜑𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝐴′𝑠 = 𝜑𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠
0.790 ∗ 0.65 ∗ 40 ∗ 𝑎 ∗ 250 + 0.85 ∗ 360 ∗ 600 = 0.85 ∗ 360 ∗ 2000
𝑎 = 83.43 𝑚𝑚
[4] Calculate C … (3 Marks)
𝑎 83.43
𝐶= = = 95.9 𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 0.870
[5] From the strain diagram … (4 Marks)
𝜀𝑠 0.0035
=
554.1 95.9
𝜀𝑠 = 0.0202 > 𝜀𝑦 = 0.0018 First assumption holds!
Dr. Wael El-El-Dakhakhni
McMaster University
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
CE 3J04 – Reinforced Concrete Design
Winter 2021
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
𝜀′𝑠 0.0035
=
45.9 95.9
𝜀′𝑠 = 0.00167 < 𝜀𝑦 = 0.0018 Second assumption does not hold!
[6] Calculate Actual C … (10 Marks)
𝛼1 𝜑𝑐 𝑓′𝑐 (𝛽1 . 𝐶. 𝑏) + 𝜑𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝐴′𝑠 = 𝜑𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠
0.790 ∗ 0.65 ∗ 40 ∗ 0.87 ∗ 𝐶 ∗ 250 + 0.85 ∗ 𝑓′𝑠 ∗ 600 = 0.85 ∗ 360 ∗ 2000
4467.45 𝐶 + 510 ∗ 𝑓′𝑠 = 612000
612000 − 510 ∗ 𝑓′𝑠
𝐶= (1)
4467.45
0.0035 𝜀′𝑠 0.0035 𝑓′𝑠 /(2∗105 ) 𝐶−50
= 𝐶−50 … = … 𝑓′𝑠 = ∗ 700 (2)
𝐶 𝐶 𝐶−50 𝐶
From 1 and 2 …
𝐶 − 50
612000 − 510(
𝐶= 𝐶 ∗ 700)
4467.45
𝐶 − 50
4467.45 𝐶 = 612000 − 510 ∗ 700 ∗
𝐶
4467.45 𝐶 2 = 612000 𝐶 − 510 ∗ 700 ∗ 𝐶 + 510 ∗ 700 ∗ 50
⸫ 4467.45 𝐶 2 − 255000 𝐶 − 510 ∗ 700 ∗ 50 = 0
⸫ 𝐶 = 97.89 𝑚𝑚
⸫ 𝑎 = 0.87 ∗ 97.89 = 85.2 𝑚𝑚
𝐶−50
⸫ 𝑓′𝑠 = ∗ 700 = 342.46 MPa
50
[7] Calculate Mr (6 Marks)
⸫ 𝑀𝑟 = (0.79 ∗ 0.65 ∗ 40)(250 ∗ 85.2)(650 − 85.2/2) + 0.85 ∗ 342.46 ∗ 600 ∗ (650 − 50) =
𝟑𝟕𝟎. 𝟓𝟑 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
Dr. Wael El-El-Dakhakhni
