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Haematology Assignment 1

Flow cytometry analyzes cells and particles as they flow through a narrow flow cell. It provides information about cell size, structure, and interior contents. A blood sample is labeled with a fluorescent marker that binds to nucleic acids and transported into the flow cell. Cells are illuminated by a laser and separated using signals from forward and side scattered light and fluorescence, indicating cell volume and nucleic acid amount. Red cell indices provide information on red blood cell hemoglobin content and size, including MCV (average cell size), MCH (hemoglobin per cell), and MCHC (hemoglobin concentration relative to cell size). ESR estimation methods include the Westergren (most sensitive), Wintrobe (requires less blood but less sensitive

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449 views4 pages

Haematology Assignment 1

Flow cytometry analyzes cells and particles as they flow through a narrow flow cell. It provides information about cell size, structure, and interior contents. A blood sample is labeled with a fluorescent marker that binds to nucleic acids and transported into the flow cell. Cells are illuminated by a laser and separated using signals from forward and side scattered light and fluorescence, indicating cell volume and nucleic acid amount. Red cell indices provide information on red blood cell hemoglobin content and size, including MCV (average cell size), MCH (hemoglobin per cell), and MCHC (hemoglobin concentration relative to cell size). ESR estimation methods include the Westergren (most sensitive), Wintrobe (requires less blood but less sensitive

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KINGSCOMPUTERS CYBER
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Haematology Assignment 1

1. Write short notes on flow cytometry


- It is used to analyse physiological and chemical properties of cells.
- Can also be used to analyse other biological particles in urinalysis
analysers. It provides;
a) Information about cell’s interior
b) Information about cell size and structure.
- It also examines cells and particles while they are flowing through a very
narrow flow cell.
Method of Flow Cytometry
- A blood sample is aspirated and proportionated then diluted to preset
ratio and labelled with a proprietary fluorescence marker that binds
specifically to nucleic acids.
- Sample is transported into flow cell.
- Sample is illuminated by a semiconductor laser beam which can separate
the cells using different signals;
 Forward – scattered light – indicate all volume
 Side scattered light
 Side – fluorescence light – indicate amount of nucleic acid present
in the cell.
2. Discuss about the red cell indices
Red cell indices are blood that provide information about the haemoglobin
content and size of red blood cells.
The RBC Indices have 3 Parts
(i) Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) – indicate average red blood cell
size.
(ii) Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) – is the amount of
haemoglobin per red cell
(iii) Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is the amount
of haemoglobin relative to the size of the cell.

Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Calculated value derived from the hematocrit and red cell count

- Normal range may fall between 80 to 100 femtoliter

Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH)

- Calculated value derived from measurement of haemoglobin and red cell


count
- Normal range 27 to 32 picograms

Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

- Calculated volume derived from haemoglobin measurement and


hematocrit
- Normal range is 32 – 36 percent

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

- Is the measurement of variability of red cell size and shape.


- Normal range is 11 to 15
3. Explain 3 methods of ESR estimation
(i) Westergren Method
Requirements:
Westergren tube
Westergren rack
Tri- sodium Citrate
Pipette filter
Specimen – Citrated blood, EDTA anticoagulated blood
Advantages :
More reliable reflects the clinical state and most sensitive method for
serial study of chronic diseases.
Disadvantages:
Requires large amount of blood.
(ii) Wintrobe Method
Requirements:
Wintrobe tube
Wintrobe rack
Timer
Pasteller pipette
Specimen – EDTA anticoagulated blood
Test Method
Fill the wintrobe tube to ‘O’ mark using Pasteur pipette,
Set it vertically in wintrobe ESR stand
Read exactly after 1 hour.
Advantages:
Simple method and requires small amount of blood
Disadvantages:
Because of short column, it is only sensitive when ESR is low and
when the disease is in acute stage.
(iii) Graphic and Cutler Method
Anticoagulated blood of 3 or 3.8 percent Sodium Citrate is used.
Tube length is calibrated up to 200 mm.
Normal values are 3-5 mm /hr for men and 4-7 mm/hr for women.

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