ENGAGE

Unit 2:

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IB Learner Profile: Heat and Ene
rgy in the Ear
th System
Investigation
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Notebook
Approaches to

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Rashad Jacqu
es, angel ruiz
Learning: ,

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Volcanic Eruption Anak Krakatau, October 2018

Controlling Energy Transfer

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The challenge is to build a device that will
minimize energy transfer. The device can be a

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prototype of a small system, or it can be a model
of a system that is too large or complex to build
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as a prototype. Use the engineering design

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process to improve the device. This is a report
that describes the design process.
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Controlling Energy Transfer

Introduction Design Challenge

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Controlling the transfer of energy has important
implications for how we live. Whether we’re trying to
The challenge is to develop, test, and
keep cold items cold, or hot items hot, the materials we optimize an inexpensive, portable

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use to prevent the transfer of energy in the form of device that keeps food cold enough
heat can have a great impact on success. to prevent the growth of foodborne
pathogens for several hours in a

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Consider an ice chest. The chest is designed to keep
food and drinks cold by minimizing the transfer of warm outdoor environment
energy into the system. Keeping food cold prevents the
growth of pathogens that can make people sick. In this project, we used the

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However, it can be difficult to keep items cold when engineering design process to
they are kept outside for long periods of time. That is develop a system that keeps food
why your company has hired you to develop a food

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safe for human consumption by
protection system that will keep food safe and protect
minimizing energy transfer in the
people from foodborne illnesses, even when they are
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away from refrigeration facilities for long periods of

form of heat.

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time.
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Materials Safety Information

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• indirectly vented chemical splash goggles, ● Wear indirectly vented chemical
nonlatex apron splash goggles and a nonlatex

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apron during the setup, hands-on,
POSSIBLE MATERIALS and takedown segments of the
activity.
• duct tape • hair driers • ice • stop watch • ● Use caution when using sharp

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tools, which can cut or puncture
thermometers • tools, such as scissors, pliers, and your skin.
screwdrivers • variety of building materials, such as ● Use caution when working with hot
wood, aluminum foil, aluminum sheets, pliable or materials, which can cause burns.

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stiff foam, cardboard, plastic cups or sheets, and ● Use only GFI protected circuits
when using electrical equipment,
paper of many types
and keep away from water sources

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to prevent shock.
● Wash your hands with soap and
water immediately after completing
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this activity.

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Make a Claim How much weight can a person comfortably
bear?

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By what amount can the temperature in the system
increase before food becomes unsafe for human

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consumption?

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What is the highest air temperature a person might
encounter in an outdoor environment? How do different materials compare in terms

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of their properties, durability, and cost?

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Conduct Research 2. What types of materials are typically used for making ice
chests, lunch boxes, and other insulated devices? What
properties do these materials have in common, and how
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Use this section to begin thinking are their properties related to their functions in these
about the background of your unit devices?

performance task

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1. At what temperature should cold food be kept to
prevent the growth of pathogens? What practices

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are recommended for ensuring that food stays safe
for human consumption? 3. What types of methods are typically used for
determining the amount of energy transferred in the form

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of heat between a device and its surroundings? How might
you apply these methods to this project?

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Asking Investigative Questions

What are some questions that we must answer before we can start to design our portable device?
Come up with at least 3 investigative questions that are directly related to the unit performance task

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and explain why you choose them.

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Investigative Question Why is this question important to my project?

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How can we make doesnt weight that much It will be less effective if its a heave container
What is the max amount of heat it can withstand We need to the max temperature can withstand
before the insides get affected it so we make sure we don't pass it

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How much weight can it carry before it breaks We need to max sure to not pass it so it does not
break

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How durable it is To see if it can withstand being outside or if its to
delicate
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How much space it will take up The smaller the better to be portable

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How can we use the less amount of materals We wont to make it so you can easily make it
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Define Engineering Criteria and Constraints

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What are the criteria (goals) for the portable What are the constraints (limits) for the portable
device project? device project? What will impact a successful
solution? What limitations must you consider? How

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will you weigh factors such as time, cost, and the
availability of materials to develop the best possible
Make it as light and with the least amount of materials solution under the given constraints?
as possible so you can easily make it without much

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problems
That it will not work as well as an machince made container could

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Design Initial Solution
1. As a team, brainstorm some possible solutions to the problem. Consider what materials and

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other design features will help the device minimize the transfer of energy and meet the criteria
for a successful solution. Make a decision matrix to choose the solution that best meets the
criteria and satisfies the constraints. Record your output here. Include images.

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Design Initial Solution
3. Develop a plan for building a prototype of your device. As you develop the plan, make sure to

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include the steps for constructing your device and the materials and technology you will use.
Record your output here. Include images.

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1. First we grabbed a bock
2. Then we put a layer of styrofoam on each of the walls and

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the bottom and top
3. After that we put a layer of aluminum foil on top of that

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TEST

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1. Develop a plan for testing your prototype. Write
out a description of your plan and make sure to
include the following: materials and

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technology you will need necessary safety
procedures the number of trials you will
perform how you will measure the amount of

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energy transferred between the device and its
surroundings how you will record your data
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You can insert videos, images, audio files and
external links.
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TEST

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2. Test your prototype to determine how well it
meets the most important criteria for an effective
solution. Pay close attention to detail as you record

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your observations and measurements. Document
the testing procedure using drawings or digital
photos or video. This will be useful to include in your

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presentation at the end of the project.

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Optimize - page 1
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1. Review your test results. What parts of the 2. Which change do you plan to make to improve
design could you change to optimize the your design? What additional materials do you need
performance of the device? How will these to make your design changes?
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changes decrease the transfer of energy?

We can make the walls more dense so it’s harder for

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energy to get oht

Add styrofoam in between the walls and aluminum

foil so it’s thicker

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Optimize - Page 2 4, Revise the design plan for your device. Include an
updated materials list and a complete description of
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your proposed changes. Also provide any revisions

3. Evaluate your testing procedure. Can it be to your testing procedure. Submit your new plans to
improved so that you obtain more accurate or more your teacher for approval. Once approved, make the
reliable results? How? design changes and test your new design.
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I think it can It be improved by checking it more

frequently

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Analyze
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1. How did your design changes affect the 2. Which parts of your device could be further
performance of the device? Explain your changed to improve its performance?
answer.
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2. It made it the same temperature for a longer I think it can be made out of a better material that
period help contain heat better
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Reflect - LESSON 1: THERMAL ENERGY AND

THE BEHAVIOR OF MATTER
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1. Describe the direction of the transfer of energy in 2. What happens to the kinetic energy and motion of
the form of heat between objects. Explain the the molecules as thermal energy increases and
direction that energy flowed between parts of your decreases? How do changes in kinetic energy affect
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device and between the device and its the function of your device?
surroundings.
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When it heats roses so does the kenetic energy

Heat is constantly moving around spreading around
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giving heating to other things

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Reflect - LESSON 1: THERMAL ENERGY AND Reflect - LESSON 2: ANALYZING THE FLOW
THE BEHAVIOR OF MATTER Page 2 OF ENERGY IN SYSTEMS
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1. How was energy conserved when energy was

3. Describe what happens when two objects in transferred between parts of your device or when
contact with each other reach thermal equilibrium. energy was transferred between your device and its
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Did parts of your device reach thermal equilibrium, environment?

or did the device reach thermal equilibrium with its
surroundings? How do you know?
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When two objects meet the heat the object with the It’s is incased in a box with think walls so it’s harder
higher heat will be give to the object with the lower for heat to release
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hear until both objects are even heat wise

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Reflect - LESSON 2: ANALYZING THE FLOW Reflect - LESSON 2: ANALYZING THE FLOW
OF ENERGY IN SYSTEMS OF ENERGY IN SYSTEMS
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2. What factors influence how rapidly a substance

3. Describe the three modes of energy transfer in
will heat up or cool down? Describe how you can
the form of heat. Which modes were involved in the
apply these concepts to help you select materials
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function of your device?

for your device

Conduction
The three factors are it’s mass, it’s physical
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properties, and it’s phase

Radiation

Convection
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Reflect - LESSON 3: ENERGY TRANSFER IN Reflect - LESSON 3: ENERGY TRANSFER IN

EARTH’S INTERIOR EARTH’S INTERIOR
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1. How do scientists use inference to construct

2. Energy transfers at different rates through solids,
explanations about how energy transfers through
liquids, and gases. How is this observed in how
the Earth system? Did you have to use inference to
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energy travels through Earth’s interior? How might

explain how energy transferred through your
the physical state affect the
device? Explain.
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The do numerous experiments to see if their claim

is correct or not
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