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Topic 4.1 Formative Answer Key

1. The document describes an oscillating mass-spring system with a 2.0 kg mass attached to a spring with a spring constant of 0.50 N/m. The mass is displaced 4.0 cm from equilibrium and released, oscillating with a period of 12.6 s. 2. Questions are asked about the amplitude, period, frequency of oscillation as well as the points of maximum speed and acceleration during the oscillation. Values are calculated for the proportionality constant relating acceleration to displacement and examples are worked through. 3. Graphs of displacement, velocity, acceleration and kinetic energy versus time and displacement are shown and values including maximum speed, energies and spring constants are calculated from the graphs.

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2K views2 pages

Topic 4.1 Formative Answer Key

1. The document describes an oscillating mass-spring system with a 2.0 kg mass attached to a spring with a spring constant of 0.50 N/m. The mass is displaced 4.0 cm from equilibrium and released, oscillating with a period of 12.6 s. 2. Questions are asked about the amplitude, period, frequency of oscillation as well as the points of maximum speed and acceleration during the oscillation. Values are calculated for the proportionality constant relating acceleration to displacement and examples are worked through. 3. Graphs of displacement, velocity, acceleration and kinetic energy versus time and displacement are shown and values including maximum speed, energies and spring constants are calculated from the graphs.

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이수연
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic 4.

1 – Oscillations Formative Assessment


NAME: _________________________________ TEAM:__
THIS IS A PRACTICE ASSESSMENT. Show formulas, substitutions, answers (in spaces provided) and units!
A 2.0-kg mass is attached to a horizontal spring having a spring constant of 0.50 Nm -1. If set in oscillation
the time for a single cycle is 12.6 s.
1. The mass is pulled 4.0 cm in the positive x-direction
before release, as shown. What are the amplitude,
period, and frequency of the oscillation? A V A
4.0 cm
Amplitude is maximum displacement, 1. ______________, 12.6 s
_______________, 0.079 Hz
________________
period is cycle time T = 12.6 s, and frequency is f = 1 / T = 1/12.6.
2. In the picture place a “V” at all the points where the speed of the mass will be at its maximum.
The maximum speed occurs at the equilibrium position of the spring. 2. ____In picture_____

3. In the picture place an “A” at all the points where the acceleration of the mass will be at its
maximum. 3. ____In picture_____
The maximum accelerations occurs at the extremes since a  -x.
4. What is the proportionality constant for this particular system that relates a to –x in the proportion
a  -x that defines SHM? 0.25 s-2
4. _________________
F = ma and F = -kx  ma = -kx  a = -(k/m)x = -(0.50 / 2)x = -(0.25 s-2)x.

5. What is the acceleration (in cm s-2) of the mass at x = + 2.00 cm? -0.50 cms-2
5. _________________
a = -(0.25 s-2)x = -(0.25 s-2)(+2.0) = -0.50 cms-2.

6. An identical system is started by placing the mass at 0.0


cm as shown, and given a rightward push at the same
instant the mass in problem 1 is released. What is the
phase difference between the two systems? 3T/4 ahead,
6. _________________
You can either say it is 3T/4 ahead, or t/4 behind. (or t/4 behind)

The displacement vs. time of a 4.00-


kg mass attached to a spring having a
spring constant of 17.55 Nm -1
undergoing SHM is shown in the
graph.
7. What is the total energy of the
8.78 J
system? 7. _________________

ET = (1/2)kxMAX2 = (1/2)(17.55)1.02 = 8.775 J


8. What is the potential energy stored in the system at t = 1.25 s? 2.19 J
8. _________________
2 2
At t = 1.25 s we see that x = -0.5 m. Then EP = (1/2)kx = (1/2)(17.55)(0.5 ) = 2.19375 J.

9. What is velocity of the mass at t = 1.25 s? 1.81 ms-1


9. _________________
EK + EP = ET  (1/2)mv2 = 8.775 – 2.19375  (1/2)(4)v2 = 6.58125  v = 1.814 ms-1.
From slope we see that the velocity is POSITIVE.
10. What is acceleration of the mass at t = 1.25 s? 2.19 ms-2
10. ________________
a = -(k/m)x = -(17.55 / 4.00)x = -(4.3875)x.
Since x = -0.5 m at t = 1.25 s, a = -(4.3875)(-0.5) = 2.19375 ms-2.
11. In the graph above, sketch in the displacement vs. time for SHM that is exactly T/3 out of phase.
The displacement vs. time of a particle
undergoing SHM is shown in the graph
to the right.
12. In the graph, sketch in the
displacement vs. time for in-phase
SHM with exactly half the amplitude
of the given SHM.

13. In the graph above, sketch in the velocity of the mass vs. time, and label it “V(t).”

14. In the graph above, sketch in the acceleration of the mass vs. time, and label it “A(t).”

The kinetic energy vs. displacement of a 2.50-kg particle undergoing


SHM on a mass-spring system is shown in the graph to the right.
2.5 ms-1
15. What is the maximum speed of the mass? 15. _______________
ET = (1/2)kxMAX2 = (1/2)(2.5)vMAX2 = 8.0 J  vMAX = 2.5 ms-1.

16. What is the maximum potential energy stored in the mass-


spring system? 8.0 J
16. ________________
ET = EK = EP = 8.0 J.

17. What is the spring constant of the spring that is driving the
oscillation? 10000 Nm-1
17. ________________
ET = (1/2)kxMAX2 = (1/2)(k)0.042 = 8.0 J  k = 10000 Nm-1.

In the graph to the right, the spring force vs. displacement is shown
for the spring in an oscillating mass-spring system. The mass is 0.50
kg and the amplitude of motion is 2.0 m.
1.0 Nm-1
18. What is the value of the spring constant? 18. _______________
F = -kx. Choose any point on the graph: F = -2.0N when x =
2.0 m so that -2.0 = -k(2.0)  k = 1.0 Nm-1.
2.0 J
19. What is the total energy of the system. 19. _______________
ET = (1/2)kxMAX2 = (1/2)(1.0)2.02 = 2.0 J.

20. How can you tell that the oscillation is that of SHM?
Since F  -x  a  -x, which is the definition of SHM.

21. What is the maximum speed of the mass? 2.8 ms-1


21. ________________
ET = (1/2)mvMAX2 = (1/2)(0.50) vMAX2 = 2.0 J  vMAX = 2.8284 ms-1.

22. What is the speed of the mass when the displacement is x = -0.50 m? 2.24 ms-1
22. ________________
Use the formula of speed form the formula booklet.

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