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Module 3 - The Theory of Evolution

1) The document discusses evolution and natural selection. It explains that species change and adapt over time through natural selection to better survive in their environments. 2) Charles Darwin observed variation among finch species in the Galapagos Islands which showed how competition for resources can drive adaptation and speciation. 3) Evolution acts on populations through changes in allele frequencies over generations, not on individuals. Natural selection increases frequencies of alleles that are advantageous for survival.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
158 views26 pages

Module 3 - The Theory of Evolution

1) The document discusses evolution and natural selection. It explains that species change and adapt over time through natural selection to better survive in their environments. 2) Charles Darwin observed variation among finch species in the Galapagos Islands which showed how competition for resources can drive adaptation and speciation. 3) Evolution acts on populations through changes in allele frequencies over generations, not on individuals. Natural selection increases frequencies of alleles that are advantageous for survival.

Uploaded by

Ash Mi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE THEORY OF

EVOLUTION
BIO106P SYNC SESSION
COURSE CALENDAR
Feb 15: Cengage Deadline: Module 2*
Feb 16: Labster - Polymerase Chain Reaction*
Feb 16-18: Third Quarterly Exam
Feb 19: Performance Task 1

No Sync Session on February 14


WHAT DO YOU KNOW
ABOUT EVOLUTION?
environment.
One of the mechanisms of

time to better survive in their


with inherited modification.

evolution is natural selection.


Species change and adapt over
Biological evolution is descent
WHAT IS EVOLUTION?

AN INTRODUCTION TO EVOLUTION - UNDERSTANDING EVOLUTION. UNDERSTANDING EVOLUTION - YOUR ONE-STOP SOURCE FOR INFORMATION ON
EVOLUTION. (2021, OCTOBER 27). RETRIEVED FEBRUARY 8, 2022, FROM HTTPS://EVOLUTION.BERKELEY.EDU/EVOLUTION-101/AN-INTRODUCTION-TO-EVOLU
environment.
One of the mechanisms of

time to better survive in their


with inherited modification.

evolution is natural selection.


Species change and adapt over
Biological evolution is descent
WHAT IS EVOLUTION?

AN INTRODUCTION TO EVOLUTION - UNDERSTANDING EVOLUTION. UNDERSTANDING EVOLUTION - YOUR ONE-STOP SOURCE FOR INFORMATION ON
EVOLUTION. (2021, OCTOBER 27). RETRIEVED FEBRUARY 8, 2022, FROM HTTPS://EVOLUTION.BERKELEY.EDU/EVOLUTION-101/AN-INTRODUCTION-TO-EVOLU
CHARLES DARWIN
Charles Darwin was the
naturalist on the HMS Beagle, a
ship that sailed around the world
in the 1830s.
Darwin’s time on the Galápagos
Islands was especially influential
to the development of
evolutionary thought.
Charles Darwin
found that there is
a variety of
finches in the
Galapagos
Islands. The
competition for
food drove the
finches to adapt
better to their
ecological niche.
The finches
adapted to take
advantage of the
various food
sources available
on the island.
EVOLUTION ACT ON POPULATIONS,
NOT ON INDIVIDUALS.

Evolution can be measured


through the change of allele
frequencies through generations
in a population.
Allele - variant form of a gene

Tusklessness in African
Elephants had been increasing.
NATURAL SELECTION
NATURAL SELECTION

IMASGE SOURCE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS


NATURAL SELECTION
NATURAL SELECTION
QUESTIONS?
EVOLUTION: FACT
OR BLUFF
Answer this Microsoft Form
Don't worry it's not graded!
EVOLUTION IS JUST A THEORY. IT HAS
NOT BEEN PROVEN YET.
Evidence:
1. Fossils - comparison of past and present species
2. Biogeography - geographical locations of modern species
3. Anatomy - homologous and vestigial structures,
embryonic development
4. Molecular Biology - comparison of genetic material and
evolutionary relationships
5. Direct Observation - small-scale evolution in organisms
with short lifespans
KHAN ACADEMY. (N.D.). EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION (ARTICLE). KHAN ACADEMY. RETRIEVED FEBRUARY 8, 2022, FROM
HTTPS://WWW.KHANACADEMY.ORG/SCIENCE/BIOLOGY/HER/EVOLUTION-AND-NATURAL-SELECTION/A/LINES-OF-EVIDENCE-FOR-EVOLUTION
HUMANS CAN INFLUENCE EVOLUTION -
DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY.

Artificial selection happens when people


select individuals to mate that have
features they hope the offspring will
inherit. This is also called selective
breeding.

AN INTRODUCTION TO EVOLUTION - UNDERSTANDING EVOLUTION. UNDERSTANDING EVOLUTION - YOUR ONE-STOP SOURCE FOR INFORMATION ON EVOLUTION. (2021, OCTOBER 27). RETRIEVED FEBRUARY 8, 2022, FROM
HTTPS://UCMP.BERKELEY.EDU/EDUCATION/LESSONS/BREEDING_DOGS/ARTIFICIALSELECTION.PDF
Dogs are
heavily
influenced by
artificial
selection.
Bull Terrier Bull Dog Basset Hound
HUMANS EVOLVED FROM MONKEYS MAKING
THEM OUR CLOSEST RELATIVE.
Phylogenetic Trees show the evolutionary
history of organisms.

2.4 PHYLOGENETIC TREES AND CLASSIFICATION. DIGITAL ATLAS OF ANCIENT LIFE. (2021, SEPTEMBER 13). RETRIEVED FEBRUARY 8, 2022, FROM
HTTPS://WWW.DIGITALATLASOFANCIENTLIFE.ORG/LEARN/SYSTEMATICS/PHYLOGENETICS/TREES-CLASSIFICATION/
EVOLUTION IS A SLOW PROCESS AND
CANNOT BE OBSERVED.

evolution of Superbacteria
GUARDIAN NEWS AND MEDIA. (2022, JANUARY 20). ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE NOW A LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH WORLDWIDE, STUDY FINDS. THE GUARDIAN. RETRIEVED FEBRUARY 8, 2022, FROM HTTPS://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/SOCIETY/2022/JAN/20/ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANCE-ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT-
BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS-DEATHS-LANCET-STUDY
HUMAN BEINGS DID NOT STOP EVOLVING.

Inheritable traits that provide an advantage for the organism's


survival, even in humans, will be naturally selected.
HUMAN BEINGS DID NOT STOP EVOLVING.

The ethnic Tibetans have a mutation


that allows them to produce more red
blood cells. This compensates for the
reduced oxygen levels in the air at high
altitudes

Groups of Inuit in Greenland have


adapted to the large amounts of fat
they eat. They can cope with this diet
without an increased risk of heart
disease
JAN HOOLE, T. C. (N.D.). THESE 'SEA NOMADS' ARE THE FIRST KNOWN HUMANS TO HAVE A GENETIC ADAPTATION TO DIVING. SCIENCEALERT. RETRIEVED FEBRUARY 8, 2022, FROM
.
HTTPS://WWW.SCIENCEALERT.COM/INDONESIAN-BAJAU-GENETIC-CHANGES-ADAPT-THEM-TO-AQUATIC-LIFESTYLE-2
HUMAN BEINGS DID NOT STOP EVOLVING.

Natural selection has increased


Bajau or "Sea Nomads" spleen
size, providing an oxygen
reservoir for diving. There is a
strong selection specific to the
Bajau on BDKRB2, a gene
affecting the human diving
reflex.

JAN HOOLE, T. C. (N.D.). THESE 'SEA NOMADS' ARE THE FIRST KNOWN HUMANS TO HAVE A GENETIC ADAPTATION TO DIVING. SCIENCEALERT. RETRIEVED FEBRUARY 8, 2022, FROM
HTTPS://WWW.SCIENCEALERT.COM/INDONESIAN-BAJAU-GENETIC-CHANGES-ADAPT-THEM-TO-AQUATIC-LIFESTYLE-2
QUESTIONS?

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