XII – CBSE

CHEMISTRY – QUESTION BANK

Previous Year Selected Questions:

Unit – 2: Solutions

1 mark Questions:

1) Give reason for the following.

Aquatic animals are more comfortable in water than in warm water.2018 C

2) Define the term mole fraction. All India 2012, 2010 C, Delhi 2012

3) Explain the Henry’s law about dissolution of a gas in a liquid.

All India 2012, 2011; Delhi 2011; Foreign 2011

4) State the main advantage of molality over molarity as the unit of concentration. Delhi 2010

5) Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics. (or) All India 2014
Define ideal solution. All India 2013,2012; Delhi 2010 C

6) Some liquids on mixing form azeotropes. What are azeotropes? (or) Delhi 2014
Define the term azeotrope. All India 2013

7) State Raoult’s law. (or) Foreign 2012

Define Raoult’s law in its general form in reference to solutions. Delhi 2011; All India 2011
(or) State Raoult’s law for a solution of volatile liquids. Delhi 2010C

8) What are isotonic solutions? All India 2014,12

9) Define the term Osmotic pressure. All India 2013; Delhi 2010C

10) What is meant by reverse osmosis? All India 2013,2011

11) Explain boiling point elevation constant for a solvent or ebullioscopic constant.
All India 2012; Foreign 2012

2 MARK QUESTIONS:

1) State Henry’s law. Calculate the solubility ofCO2 in water at 298K under 760mm Hg. (KH for CO2 in
water at 298K is 1.25x106 mm Hg). All India 2020

2) Give reasons for the following: All India 2019

(i) Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water than warm water.
(ii) At higher altitudes people suffer from anoxia resulting in inability to think.

3) Define the following terms.

(i) Mole fraction (X) (ii) Molality of a solution (m) All India 2015 C

4) Calculate the molarity of 9.8% (w/w) solution of H2SO4 if the density of the solution is 1.02g mL-1.
[Molar mass of H2SO4 =98gmol-1] Foreign 2014
5) Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution. How can we change molality value of a
solution into molarity value? Delhi 2014 C; Foreign 2011

6) A solution of Glucose (C6H12O6) in water is labeled as 10% by weight. What would be the molality of
the solution? (Molar mass of glucose = 180gmol-1). All India 2013

7) If the density of water of a lake is 1.25g mL-1 and 1 Kg of lake water contains 92g of Na+ ions,
calculate the molarity of Na+ ions in this lake water (Atomic mass of Na = 23g mol -1).Foreign 2012

8) Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution. How does a change in temperature
influence their values? Delhi 2011, Foreign 2011

9) Explain why aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water rather than in warm water.
Delhi 2012C

10) State Henry’s law and mention its two important applications. All India 2010 C

11) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. What is the similarity between the
Raoult’s law and Henry’s law. Delhi 2020, Delhi 2014

12) What type of azeotropic mixture will be formed by a solution of acetone and chloroform? Justify on
the basis of strength of intermolecular interactions that develop in the solution.
All India 2019
13) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. Write two characteristics of the
solution which obeys Raoult’s law at all concentrations. Delhi 2019

14) Write two differences between an ideal solution and a non-ideal solution. Delhi 2019

15) Why a mixture of carbon disulphide and acetone shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law? What
type of azeotrope is formed by this mixture? 2018 C

16) Define the following:

(i) Ideal solution (ii) Molarity (M) Delhi 2017

17) (i) Gas (A) is more soluble in water than gas (B) at the same temperature. Which one of the two gases
will have the higher value of KH (Henry’s constant) and why?
(ii) In non-ideal solution, what type of deviation shows the formation of maximum boiling
azeotropes? All India 2016

18) What is meant by negative deviation from Raoult’s law? Give an example.
What is the sign of ∆mixH for negative deviation? (or) Foreign 2015
What is meant by positive deviation from Raoult’s law? Give an example.
What is the sign of ∆Hmix for positive deviation? (or) Delhi 2015
Non-ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviations from Raoult’s law.
What are these deviations and why are they caused? Explain with one example for each type.
All India 2011,2010; Delhi 2010; Foreign 2010
19) Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by negative deviation from Raoult’s law? Give
an example. (or) Foreign 2015
Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from Raoult’s law? Give
an example. Delhi 2015

20) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. How does Raoult’s law become a
special case of Henry’s law? All India 2013

21) Explain why a solution of chloroform and acetone shows negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
Delhi 2012 C
22) What happens when,
(i) a pressure greater than osmotic pressure is applied on the solution side separated from solvent
by a semipermeable membrane
(ii) acetone is added to pure ethanol? All India 2020

23) Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 60g of glucose (Molar mass = 180gmol-1) in
250g of water. (Kf of water = 1.86K kg mol -1) Delhi 2018

24) Give reasons for the following:

(i) Measurement of osmotic pressure method is preferred for the determination of molar masses of
macromolecules such as proteins and polymers.
(ii) Elevation of boiling point of 1M KCl solution is nearly double than of 1M sugar solution.
Delhi 2018
25) Define the following terms:
(i) Colligative properties (ii) Molality (m) Delhi 2017
26) Define the following terms:
(i) Abnormal molar mass (ii) Van’t Hoff factor Delhi 2017

27) Define osmotic pressure of a solution. How is the osmotic pressure related to the concentration of a
solute in a solution? Delhi 2015 C

28) (i) On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution decreases. What type of
deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature would
you observe after mixing liquids X and Y?

(ii) What happens when we place the blood cell in water (hypertonic solution)? Give reason.
All India 2015

29) Why does a solution containing non-volatile solute have higher boiling point than the pure solvent?
Why is elevation of boiling point a colligative property? All India 2015

30) Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass = 256g mol -1) to be dissolved in 75g of benzene to
lower its freezing point by 0.48K (Kf = 5.12K kg mol-1) All India 2014
31) How is the vapour pressure of a solvent affected when a non-volatile solute is dissolved in it?
Delhi 2014 C
32) An aqueous solution of sodium chloride freezes below 273K. Explain the lowering in freezing point of
water with the help of a suitable diagram. Delhi 2013 C

33) 18g glucose, C6H12O6 (molar mass =180g mol-1) is dissolved in 1Kg of water in a sauce pan. At what
temperature, will this solution boil?
(Kb for water = 0.52K kg mol-1, boiling point of pure water = 373.15K) Delhi 2013
34) A 1.00 molal aqueous solution of trichloroacetic acid (CCl3COOH) is heated to its boiling point. The
solution has the boiling point100.18◦C. Determine the Van’t Hoff factor for trichloroacetic acid.
(Kb for water = 0.512K kg mol-1) Delhi 2012

35) Define the following terms:

(i) Isotonic solutions. (ii) Van’t Hoff factor Delhi 2012, All India 2012

36) Define the terms: Osmosis and osmotic pressure.

Is the osmosis pressure of a solution a colligative property? Delhi 2011

37) What is Van’t hoff factor? What possible values can it have if the solute molecules undergo
dissociation? Delhi 2011C

38) The molecular masses of polymers are determined by osmotic pressure method and not by
measuring other colligative properties. Give two reasons. All India 2011C

39) Define the terms: Osmosis and osmotic pressure. What is the advantage of using osmotic pressure
as compared to other colligative properties for determination of molar masses of solutes in
solutions? All India 2010

40) Find the boiling point of a solution containing 0.520g of glucose (C6H12O6) dissolved in 80.2g of
water. [Given, Kb for water = 0.52Km-1] All India 2010C

41) Find the freezing point of a solution containing 0.520g of glucose (C6H12O6) dissolved in 80.2g of
water. [Given, Kffor water = 1.86Km-1] All India 2010C

42) Outer hard shells of two eggs are removed. One of the egg is placed in pure water and the other is
placed in saturated solution of sodium-chloride. What will be observed and why? All India 2010

3 MARKS QUESTIONS:

1) A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180g mol-1) in water is labelled as 10% (by mass). What would
be the molality and molarity of the solution? (Density of the solution = 1.2g mol -1) Delhi 2014

2) The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56 x 10 -2g of ethane is 1bar. If
the solution contains 5.0 x 10-2g of ethane, then what will be the partial pressure of the gas?
Delhi 2013C; All India 2012C

3) If N2gas is bubbled through water at 293K, how many millimoles of N 2 gas would dissolve in 1L of
water? Assume that N2 exerts a partial pressure of 0.987bar. Given that Henry’s law constant for
N2 at 293K is 76.48K bar. All India 2012C

4) The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are 450mm and 700mm of Hg respectively at 350K.
Find out the composition of the liquid mixture if total vapour pressure is 600mm of Hg. Also, find
the composition in the vapour phase. All India 2013C

5) A 0.01m aqueous solution of AlCl 3 freezes at -0.068◦C. Calculate the percentage of dissociation. [
Given: Kf for water = 1.86K Kg mol-1] Delhi 2020

6) The freezing point of a solution containing 5g of benzoic acid (M = 122g mol -1) in 35g of benzene is
depressed by 2.94K. What is the percentage of association? (K f for benzene = 4.9K Kg mol-1)

All India 2020

7) At 300K, 30g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98bar. If the
osmotic pressure of the glucose solution is 1.52bar at the same temperature, what would be its
concentration? All India 2019
8) A 4% solution (w/w) of sucrose (M=342g mol-1) in water has a freezing point of 271.15K. Calculate
the freezing point of 5% glucose (M=180g mol-1) in water. (Given: Freezing point of pure
water=273.15K) Delhi 2019

9) Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 10.5g of magnesium bromide in 200g
of water, assuming complete dissociation of magnesium bromide. (Molar mass of magnesium
bromide=184g mol-1, Kf for water=1.86K kg mol-1) 2018C

10) A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has freezing point of 269.15K. Calculate the freezing
point of 10% glucose in water, if freezing point of pure water is 273.15K. [Given: Molar mass of
sucrose=342g mol-1and molar mass of glucose=180g mol-1] Delhi 2017

11) Calculate the boiling point of solution when 4g of MgSO4 (M=120g mol-1) was dissolved in 100g of
water assuming MgSO4 undergoes complete ionization. (Kb for water = 0.52K kg mol-1)
All India 2016

12) Calculate the mass of NaCl (molar mass=58.5g mol-1) to be dissolved in 37.2g of water to lower the
freezing point by 2◦C, assuming that NaCl undergoes complete dissociation.
(Kf of water = 1.86K kg mol-1) (or) Foreign 2015
What mass of NaCl must be dissolved in 65.0g of water to lower the freezing point of water by
7.50◦C? The freezing point depression constant (Kf) for water is 1.86◦C/m. Assume Van't hoff factor
for NaCl is 1.87. (Molar mass of NaCl=58.5g mol-1) All India 2011,2010;Foreign 2010

13) 45g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is mixed with 600g of water. Calculate (i) the freezing point
depression and (ii) the freezing point of a solution. (Kf of water = 1.86K kg mol-1) Delhi 2015C

14) A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar (M.W 342g mol -1) is isotonic with 0.877% solution of
substance X. Find the molecular weight of X. All India 2015C

15) 3.9g of benzoic acid is dissolved in 49g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point of 1.62K.
Calculate the Van't hoff factor and predict the nature of the solute (associated or dissociated).
(Given: Molar mass of benzoic acid =122g mol-1, Kf of benzene = 4.9K kg mol-1) Delhi 2015

16) A solution is prepared by dissolving 10g of non-volatile solute in 200g of water. It has a vapour
pressure of 31.84mm of Hg at 308K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Vapour pressure of
pure water at 308K=32mm Hg) All India 2015

17) Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared by adding 10g of CaCl 2 to 200g of water.
(Kb for water = 0.512K kg mol-1,molar mass of CaCl2=111g mol-1) Foreign 2014

18) Some ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is added to your car’s cooling system along with 5Kg of water.
If the freezing point of water-glycol solution is -15.0◦C, what is the boiling point of the solution? (Kb
for water = 0.52K kg mol-1, Kf of water = 1.86K kg mol-1) Delhi 2014C

19) Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5x10 -2g of K2SO4 in 2L of
water at 25◦C, assuming that it is completely dissociated. (R=0.0821 L atm K -1 mol-1, molar mass of
K2SO4=174g mol-1). Delhi 2013

20) 1.00g of non-electrolyte solute when dissolved in 50g of benzene lowered the freezing point of
benzene by 0.40K. Find the molar mass of the solute. (Kf = 5.12K kg mol-1) All India 2012

21) A 5% of solution (by mass) if cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271K. Calculate the freezing
point of 5% solution (by mass) of glucose in water if the freezing point of pure water is 273.15K.
[Molecular mass of glucose (C6H12O6) =180amu or g mol-1 and cane sugar (C2H22O11) =342 amu or
g mol-1] All India 2013C
22) At 25◦C, the saturated vapour pressure of water is 3.165 kPa (23.75 mm Hg). Find the saturated
vapour pressure of a 5% aqueous solution of urea (carbamide) at the same temperature. (Molar
mass of urea=60.05g mol-1) Foreign 2012

23) 15.0g of unknown molecular material is dissolved in 450g of water. The resulting solution freezes at
-0.34◦C. What is the molar mass of the material? ( Kf of water = 1.86K kg mol -1)
All India 2012,2010

24) A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared by dissolving some glycerol in 500g of water.
This solution has a boiling point of 100.42 ◦C, what mass of glycerol was dissolved to make this
solution? (Kb for water = 0.512K kg mol-1) All India 2012; Delhi 2012,2010

25) Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 10.50g of MgBr 2 in 200g of water
(molar mass of MgBr2=184g mol-1, Kf of water = 1.86K kg mol-1) Delhi 2011

26) Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00g of NaCl to 250.0g of water (Molar
mass of NaCl=58.44 g mol-1; Kb for water = 0.512K kg mol-1) Delhi 2011

27) What would be the molar mass of a compound if 6.21g of it is dissolved in 24.0g of chloroform form
a solution that has a boiling point of 68.04◦C. The boiling point of pure chloroform is 61.7◦C and the
boiling point elevation constant, Kb for chloroform is 3.63◦C/m. Delhi 2011

28) A solution prepared by dissolving 8.95mg of a gene fragment in 35.0mL of water has an osmotic
pressure of 0.335 torr at 25◦C. Assuming the gene fragment is non-electrolyte, determine the molar
mass. All India 2011; Delhi 2011

29) A 0.561m solution of unknown electrolyte depresses the freezing point of water by 2.93 ◦C. What is
van't hoff factor for this electrolyte? The freezing point depression constant (K f) for water is 1.86◦C
Kg mol-1. Foreign 2011

30) Phenol associates in benzene to a certain extent to form a dimer. A solution containing 20g of
phenol in 1.0Kg of benzene has its freezing point lowered by 0.69K. Calculate the fraction of phenol
that has dimerised. (Kf = 5.12K kg mol-1) Delhi 2011C

31) An aqueous solution containing 12.48g of barium chloride in 1.0Kg of water boils at 373.0832K.
Calculate the degree of dissociation of barium chloride. ( Molar mass of BaCl 2= 208.34g mol-1; Kb for
water = 0.512K kg mol-1) Delhi 2011C

32) At 300K, 36g of glucose, C6H12O6 present per litre in its solution has an osmotic pressure of
4.98bar. If the osmotic pressure of another glucose solution is 1.52bar at the same temperature,
calculate the concentration of the other solution. All India 2011C

33) Calculate the boiling point of one molar aqueous solution. Density of KBr solution is 1.06g mL -1.
(Atomic mass of K=39, Br=80: Kb for water = 0.52K kg mol-1)All India 2011C

34) A solution prepared by dissolving 1.25g of oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate) in 99.0g of benzene
has a boiling point of 80.31◦C. Determine the molar mass of this compound. (K b for pure
benzene=80.10◦C and Kb for benzene=2.53◦C Kg mol-1) Delhi 2010; Foreign 2010

35) What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass 62.0g mol-1) must be added to 5.50Kg of water to lower
the freezing point of water from 0◦C to -10.0◦C? (Kf of water = 1.86K kg mol -1)All India 2010

36) 0.1mole of acetic acid was dissolved in 1Kg of benzene. Depression in freezing point of benzene was
determined to be 0.256K. What conclusion can you draw about the state of the solute in the
solution? (Kf = 5.12K kg mol-1) Delhi 2010C
37) Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) to be dissolved in 75g of acetic acid to lower its melting
point by 1.5◦C (Kf for acetic acid=3.9K kg mol-1) All India 2010C

5 MARK QUESTIONS:

1) (i) A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of 269.15K. Calculate the
freezing point of 10% glucose in water if the freezing point of pure water is 273.15K. (Molar mass
of sucrose=342g mol-1 and molar mass of glucose=180g mol-1)

(ii) Define the following terms:

(a) Molality (m)
(b) Abnormal molar mass All India 2017

2) (i) Calculate the freezing point of a solution when 1.9g of MgCl 2 (M=95g mol-1) was dissolved in
50g of water, assuming MgCl2 undergoes complete ionization. (Kf of water = 1.86K kg mol -1)

(ii) (a) Out of 1M glucose and 2M glucose, which one has a higher boiling point and why?
(b) What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic
pressure of the solution? Delhi 2016

3) (i) When 2.56g of sulphur was dissolved in 100g of CS2, the freezing point gets lowered by
0.383K. Calculate the formula of sulphur (Sx). (Kf for CS2 = 3.83K kg mol-1, Atomic mass of
sulphur = 32g mol-1)

(ii) Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place blood
cells in a solution containing
(a) 1.2% sodium chloride solution (b) 0.4% sodium chloride solution? Delhi 2016

****************************