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Tutorial 3 Questions

This document contains 14 questions related to probability and linear algebra concepts. The questions cover probability mass functions, probability density functions, Bayes' rule, discrete and continuous random variables in Python, correlation vs causation, valid probability assignments, conditional probability, linear dependence of vectors, and matrix ranks. Students are asked to calculate probabilities, identify correlations, determine if statements are true or false, and fill in blanks.

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Evan Duh
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45 views3 pages

Tutorial 3 Questions

This document contains 14 questions related to probability and linear algebra concepts. The questions cover probability mass functions, probability density functions, Bayes' rule, discrete and continuous random variables in Python, correlation vs causation, valid probability assignments, conditional probability, linear dependence of vectors, and matrix ranks. Students are asked to calculate probabilities, identify correlations, determine if statements are true or false, and fill in blanks.

Uploaded by

Evan Duh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE2211 Tutorial 3

(Probability Mass Function)


Question 1:
The random variable N has probability mass function (PMF)
𝑛𝑛
𝑐𝑐�1�2� , 𝑛𝑛 = 0,1,2
𝑃𝑃𝑁𝑁 (𝑛𝑛) = �
0, otherwise
(a) What is the value of the constant c?
(b) What is Pr[N ≤ 1]?

(Probability Density Function)


Question 2:
The random variable X has probability density function (PDF)
𝑐𝑐𝑥𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑓𝑓𝑋𝑋 (𝑥𝑥) = �
0, otherwise.
Use the PDF to find
(a) the constant c,
(b) Pr[0 ≤ X ≤ 1],
(c) Pr[−1/2 ≤ X ≤ 1/2].

(Bayes’ rule)
Question 3:
Let A = {resistor is within 50Ω of the nominal value}. The probability that a resistor is from machine B is Pr[B] = 0.3.
The probability that a resistor is acceptable, i.e., within 50 Ω of the nominal value, is Pr[A] = 0.78. Given that a resistor
is from machine B, the conditional probability that it is acceptable is Pr[A|B] = 0.6. What is the probability that an
acceptable resistor comes from machine B?

(Discrete random variable in Python)


Question 4:
Consider tossing a fair six-sided die. There are only six outcomes possible, Ω = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Suppose we toss two
dice and assume that each throw is independent.
(a) What is the probability that the sum of the dice equals seven?
i. List out all pairs of possible outcomes together with their sums from the two throws.
(hint: enumerate all the items in range(1,7))
ii. Collect all of the (a, b) pairs that sum to each of the possible values from two to twelve (including
the sum equals seven). (hint: use dictionary from collections import defaultdict to
collect all of the (a, b) pairs that sum to each of the possible values from two to twelve)
(b) What is the probability that half the product of three dice will exceed their sum?

(Continuous random variable in Python)


Question 5:
Assuming a normal (Gaussian) distribution with mean 30 Ω and standard deviation of 1.8 Ω, determine the
probability that a resistor coming off the production line will be within the range of 28 Ω to 33 Ω. (Hint: use
stats.norm.cdf function from scipy import stats)

(Correlation versus Causation)


Question 6:
For each of the following graphs,
(i) State what you think the evidence is trying to suggest. Is there correlation or not?
(ii) Give a reason why you agree or disagree with what the evidence is suggesting.
(iii) Identify whether the variable of the y-axis and the variable of the x-axis are correlated and/or causal?

In the study below investigators used commerce data to compute the overall consumption of meat by various
nations. They then calculated the average (per capita) meat consumption per person by dividing total national meat
consumption by the number of people in a given country.

http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/PH717-QuantCore/PH717-Module1B-
Question 9: (Multiple responses – one or more answers are correct)
DescriptiveStudies_and_Statistics/PH717-Module1B-DescriptiveStudies_and_Statistics6.html

We toss a coin and observe which side is facing up. Which of the following statements represent valid probability
assignments for observing head P[‘H’] and tail P[‘T’]?
Question 7: (Multiple responses – one or more answers are correct)
If A anda) B are correlated,
P[‘H’]=0.2, but they’re actually caused by C, which of the following statements are correct?
P[‘T’]=0.9
a) b)
A and C are correlated
P[‘H’]=0.0, P[‘T’]=1.0
b)c) B P[‘H’]=-0.1, P[‘T’]=1.1
and C are correlated
d) P[‘H’]=P[‘T’]=0.5
c) A causes B to happen
d) A causes C to happen
Question 10: (Fill-in-blank)
Question 8: (Multiple responses – one or more answers are correct)
A doctor is called to see a sick child. The doctor has prior information that 90% of sick children in that neighborhood
Wehave
tossthe
a coin and observe
flu, while the otherwhich
10% side is facing
are sick up. Which of
with COVID-19. Letthe following
F stand for anstatements
event of a represent valid
child being sickprobability
with flu and
assignments for observing head P[‘H’] and tail P[‘T’]?
C stand for an event of a child being sick with COVID-19, therefore, we have P[F]=0.9 and P[C]=0.1. Assume for
simplicity that a child is either with flu or with COVID-19, not both.
a) P[‘H’]=0.2, P[‘T’]=0.9
A b)
well-known symptom
P[‘H’]=0.0, of COVID-19 is a dry cough (the event of having which we denote D). Assume that the
P[‘T’]=1.0
probability of havingP[‘T’]=1.1
c) P[‘H’]=-0.1, a dry cough if one has COVID-19 is 0.95. However, children with flu also develop a dry cough,
andd)theP[‘H’]=P[‘T’]=0.5
probability of having a dry cough if one has flu is 0.5. Upon examining the child, the doctor finds the child
has a dry cough. The probability hat the child has COVID-19 is _BLANK_.

Question
Question9: 11:
(True-False)
(True-False)
1 4
Are the two vectors �2� and �5� linearly dependent?
3 6

Question 12: (Fill-in-blank)


1 3
The rank of the matrix � � is _BLANK_.
2 4

Question 13: (Fill-in-blank)

1 2 3
The rank of the matrix �4 5 6� is _BLANK_.
and the probability of having a dry cough if one has flu is 0.5. Upon examining the child, the doctor finds the child
has a dry cough. The probability hat the child has COVID-19 is _BLANK_.
Question 11: (True-False)
Question 11: (True-False)
1 4
Are the two vectors �21� and �54� linearly dependent?
Are the two vectors �32� and �65� linearly dependent?
3
Question 10: (Fill-in-blank) 6
Question 12: (Fill-in-blank)
Question 12: (Fill-in-blank)
1 3
The rank of the matrix � � is _BLANK_.
21 43
The rank of the matrix � � is _BLANK_.
2 4
Question 13: (Fill-in-blank)
Question 13: (Fill-in-blank)
Question 11: (Fill-in-blank)
1 2 3
The rank of the matrix �41 52 63� is _BLANK_.
The rank of the matrix �74 85 96� is _BLANK_.
7 8 9

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