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A Review of Literature on Industry 4.0

Conference Paper · September 2018

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 A Review of Literature on Industry 4.0

Vishwas Dohale1, Shashank Kumar1

1 Research Scholar, National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Mumbai

Abstract

Purpose – The Purpose of this paper is to review the most recent work on industry 4.0 to find out the current status
of research on Industry 4.0 through the articles published in the period of January 2017 to June 2018.
Methodology/approach – A structured review methodology with 5-steps approach for selection of articles have
been used consists of 1) Database Selection 2) Keyword Selection 3) Article Collection 4) Inclusion/Exclusion
Criteria 5) Reviewing Selected articles.
Findings and concluding remarks – Most of the work is found to be conceptual or case based in nature. However,
there is a need of empirical research to be done in this field.
Research/managerial implications – Future research direction provided in this paper can be helpful to researchers
who are willing to do research in Industry 4.0 domain.
Utility of the paper – A lot of interest has been developed related to industry 4.0 which led to large amount of
publication over the different topics associated with the Industry 4.0. This paper surely helpful for getting future
research directions.

Keywords- Industry 4.0, Literature Review

1. INTRODUCTION

A Fourth industrial revolution in manufacturing i.e. Industry 4.0, brings a whole new perspective to the
industry which can collaborate with new technologies to get maximum output with minimum resource
utilization in Manufacturing. Industry 4.0 is a German project that has amalgamated manufacturing with
information technology (Kamble et al., 2018). The industry 4.0 also known as Smart Manufacturing is
an attempt to aid the complex manufacturing in recent era. Industry 4.0 is the representation of the
current trend of automation technologies in the manufacturing industry, and it mainly includes the
Cyber-physical systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing (CC). Todays world is
rapidly progressing towards the Fourth industrial revolution i.e. Industry 4.0.

Today, we are at the cusp of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. During the First Industrial Revolution,
mechanical production facilities were developed with the help of water and steam powers. The Second
Industrial Revolution brought mass production in the manufacturing sector with the help of electrical
energy. The Third Industrial Revolution introduced electronic and information technologies that
furthered production automation. Over the last few years, Industry 4.0 has emerged as a promising
technology framework used for integrating and extending manufacturing processes at both intra-
organizational and inter-organizational levels (Xu et al., 2018). The recent development in Information
and Communication Technology (ICT) has encouraged the development of Industry 4.0. The
developments and the technological advances in Industry 4.0 will provide a viable array of solutions to
the growing needs manufacturing industries.

The idea of “Fourth Industrial Revolution” may sounds the best at first, it is essential to remark that
there is a multitude of challenges, risks and barriers associated with its implementation viz. Defining
appropriate infrastructures and standards, ensuring data security and educating employees are among
the issues that need to be addressed on the road to Industry 4.0 (Hofmann & Rüsch, 2017). So, it is
essential to locate the current status of the research as well the forthcoming opportunities in future
research on Industry 4.0. This work tries to focus on the most recent work published during January
2017 to June 2018. Total 24 articles published in different journals are reviewed in this paper. Further
the paper is organized as follows. A detailed review in tabular form is provided. The next section gives
the methodology for selection of the articles. The Discussion on the literature is given in section 3. The
concluding remark is provided in the last section 4, of this paper.

2. REVIEW METHODOLOGY

A literature review is one of the essential parts of any research work. Through a literature review, the
relevant literature is assessed and analysed, for finding the possible research gaps which aid in
strengthening the field of study. The extensive literature reviews were carried out from various available
databases related to knowledge sharing, knowledge transfer and knowledge flow. For this, the authors
referred different papers from the database viz. Web of Science (WoS) and ProQuest which contains
a significant number of renowned publications, like Emerald, Taylor and Francis, Springer, IEEE, and
Elsevier. The structured review methodology adopted a five-step process as shown in Fig. 1.

Inclusion/ Reviewi-
Database Keyword Collection Exclusion ng the
Selection Selection of Articles Criteria selected
for aticles articles

Fig. 1 Research Process adopted for Reviewing Articles

1. Database Selection: The search strategy was developed by first going through the relevant data
sources i.e. Database. To have access to a wide range of academic and conference publications, the
Web of Science and ProQuest database was selected. These are one of the most extensive abstract
and citation databases and includes thousands of peer-reviewed journals.

2. Keyword Selection: The most relevant and appropriate articles are cited in this paper. So, the
keywords used for the search process are very specific viz. Industry 4.0, Smart Manufacturing, Smart
Factory etc.

3. Collection of Articles: The initial search results in generating 698 articles published from 2012
onwards. The articles published in different conference proceedings, book chapters, news articles,
doctoral thesis and editorial notes were excluded. The articles then dropped down to 187. The year
wise distribution of 187 articles is shown in Fig. 2.

67 65
60
40
40
20 12
1 1 1
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Year

Fig. 2. Number of Papers Published Year-Wise

4. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria: As the focus of the paper is review the most recent (latest) articles,
so the articles published between January 2017 to June 2018 are selected. The articles from journals
Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Human
Resource Management International Digest, Sustainability, Energies, International Journal of
Production Research, Computers and Industrial Engineering, Advance Manufacturing, Computers in
Industry, Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
and Process Safety and Environment Protection are selected to have high reliability on the articles. The
number is then dropped to 24 articles which are selected for the study. The distribution of articles with
respect to the journals is shown in Fig.3

5. Reviewing the Selected articles: The brief review of the 24 articles is given in the tabular form and
is shown in Table I to Table III in the next section.

Process Safety and Environment Protection 1

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2
Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering 1
Computers in Industry 1
Advance Manufacturing 4
Computers and Industrial Engineering 1
International Journal of Production Research 7
Energies 1
Sustainability 2
Human Resource Management International Digest 1
Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 1
Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Fig. 3. Journal Wise distribution of Article

3. DISCUSSION ON LITERATURE REVIEW:

The development of Industry 4.0 will likely follow an incremental approach in growing from the existing
technologies (NSF, 2017). The growth in researches and publications shows the rapid progression of
the topic of Industry 4.0 in academicians and Industrial experts. However, there are certain topics
related to industry 4.0 which are still hide behind and can be the opportunities for further research.
Several research opportunities are identified and presented below.

• Till the date, there is no commonly accepted definition of Industry 4.0. So, the future research and
publication can target to develop a concept which can be well accepted by all or most of the
academicians and industrial experts.
• Majority of Research are focusing on managing the technology and gives the general discussion
on Industry 4.0 concepts and theories. However, there is need of empirical study to validate the
theories and concepts of Industry 4.0 to be carried out.
• Empirical research approaches like simulations, prototypes, experimentation, and case studies are
required for increasing the speed of Industry 4.0 adoption in the industries (Kamble et al., 2018).
• There is lack of research on human-machine interfacing, Human resource management in Industry
4.0, sustainability and machine-equipment interactions signifies an open research area that should
be explored by future studies.

4. CONCLUSION:

This paper has conducted an extensive review of the most recent 24 articles published during January
2017 to June 2018 on Industry 4.0 phenomenon and highlighted the type of research, focus of study
and the contribution of the various studies. This papers also provided the opportunities for future
research. It is hoped that, this study helps to accelerate the momentum in the Industry 4.0 researches.
 Table I
Literature Review (A)

Sr. Investigators Type of Focus of the study Contribution

No. Research
1 (Tortorella & Empirical/Case To examine the lean between lean LP practices are positively associated with Industry 4.0
Fettermann, 2017) Study production (LP) practices and the technologies and their concurrent implementation leads
implementation of Industry 4.0 to larger performance improvements
2 (Hofmann & Rüsch, Conceptual To find the opportunities of Industry 4.0 After interviewing the experts, authors Identified and
2017) in the context of logistics management discussed the implications of Industry 4.0 in the field of
logistics management.
3 (Wang et al., 2017) Conceptual Presents a framework for mass To bridge the gap between mass customization and mass
personalization pro- duction based on personalization, a framework for MCP based on the
the concepts of Industry 4.0. concept of Industry 4.0 is proposed in this paper
4 (Strandhagen et al., Case Study To identify and investigate the Industry The study indicates that the applicability of Industry 4.0 in
2017) 4.0 technologies that are applicable to manufacturing logistics is dependent on the production
manufacturing logistics, and how the environment. Companies with a low degree of production
production environment influences the repetitiveness see less potential in applying Industry 4.0
applicability of these technologies. technologies in manufacturing logistics, while companies
with a highly repetitive pro- duction see a higher potential.
5 (Li et al., 2017) Case Study To formulate a systematic approach A system framework based on Industry 4.0 concepts,
and obtain knowledge for predictive which includes the process of fault analysis and treatment
maintenance in Industry 4.0 era. for predictive maintenance in machine centers.
6 (Bodrow, 2017) Conceptual Discusses the general concept and Undertaken the short review of interdependencies
approaches of Industry 4.0 between the Industry 4.0
7 (Longo et al., 2017) Empirical design and development of a practical A practical solution called SOPHOS-MS is developed to
solution, which can support complex help the man-machine interactions.
man-machine interactions.
8 (Theorin et al., 2017) Conceptual rapid integration of smart services into Presents the Line Information System Architecture
existing factory infrastructure (LISA), an innovative, yet simple architecture and design
pattern
9 (Liao et al., 2017) Literature Systematically review the state of the Reported the current status of the fourth industrial
Review art of the Industry 4.0 revolution through the analysis of academic progresses
in Industry 4.0
10 (Shamim et al., 2017) Conceptual To explore the issues of Industry 4.0 in Proposes a framework of management practices which
the service sector can promote the environment of innovation and learning
in an organization
11 (Lin et al., 2017) Case Study To reveal the competition and coalition Reveals the different strategies when applying innovation
trend, and anatomize the cross-strait policy for developing Industry 4.0 across the Taiwan
policy content on Industry 4.0 Strait.
 Table II
Literature Review (B)

12 (Gonzalez et al., Empirical To propose a supervisory control Using a Discrete event Simulation, the navigation
2018) approach for mobile robot navigation in architecture proposed in this paper is illustrated in a
industry. hypothetical environment of a smart factory
13 (Schluse et al., 2018) Conceptual Proposes a new structuring element for Introduces the concept of EDTs as a new structuring
simulation-based engineering element for Simulation-based Systems Engineering
processes called “Experientable Digital processes and their interdisciplinary and cross-domain
Twin” simulation.
14 (Moeuf et al., 2018) Literature Presents a literature review of existing Industry 4.0 projects in SMEs remained cost-driven
Review applied research covering different initiatives and there in still no evidence of real business
Industry 4.0 issues about SMEs. model transformation at this time
15 (Yin et al., 2018) Conceptual Relationships between product supply The demand dimensions of Industry 4.0, the product
and customer demand in the context of architecture change in the automobile industry and the
Industry 2.0–4.0 impact of 3D printing are elaborated
16 (Fettermann et al., Case Study To identify the contribution of the Result from 38 case studies indicate that Industry 4.0’s
2018) adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies contributions are more concentrated in areas such as
for companies’ operation management Technology management and Just-in-time manufacturing
(OM).
17 (Xu et al., 2018) Literature To introduce the communities within Provides several research opportunities in the field of
review industrial sectors to cur- rent Industry 4.0 with respect to CPS, Blockchain and
developments and future opportunities Logistics etc.
that exist in the exciting field of Industry
4.0
18 (Buer et al., 2018) Literature Explores the current literature on lean Establishes the link between Lean manufacturing and
Review manufacturing and Industry 4.0 Industry 4.0
19 (Müller et al., 2018) Empirical Examines the relevance of Industry 4.0 Strategic, operational, as well as environmental and
related opportunities and challenges social opportunities are positive drivers of Industry 4.0
relating to Sustainability implementation
20 (Kamble et al., 2018) Literature To find different research approaches Propose a sustainable Industry 4.0 framework based on
Review and to get the idea of the current status the findings of the review with three critical components
of research viz., Industry 4.0 technologies, process integration and
sustainable outcomes
21 (Sivathanu & Pillai, Conceptual To determine the challenges to HR due Organization structure and leadership style changes
2018) to Industry 4.0 would be required for efficient SHR 4.0 implementation
22 (Ghobakhloo, 2018) Literature To conduct a state-of-the-art review of Study can offer as a holistic view of common steps that
Review the ongoing work on the Industry 4.0 manufacturers need to undertake in their transition
toward the Industry 4.0.
 Table III
Literature Review (C)

Sr. Type of
Investigator Focus of Study Contribution
No. Research
23 (Viryasitavat Conceptual Investigation of a BPM BPM framework is developed to illustrate how
et al., 2018) solution is done to select BCT can be integrated to support prompt,
and compose services in reliable, and cost-effective evaluation
open business environment
24 (Kong et al., Conceptual A critical issue of integration establishes a human–cyber–physical symbiosis
2018) between human and to support real time, trusting, and dynamic
machines or robots interaction among operators, machines and
production systems

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