GRADE:7

SUBJECT: BIOLOGY
NOTEBOOK WORK
CHAPTER: 10- RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS
Page:1 Creative Page
Page:2- KWL

Learning Objectives:
Able to :

• Explain how do we respire?

• Differentiate between breathing and respiration.
• Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic
respiration.
• Test for the gas which we breathe out.
• Mode of breathing in cockroaches, earthworms, fish,
and plants.
Question and Answers:
Q:1 Respiration can occur in two different manners. Briefly
explain the process of aerobic respiration. How does it differ
from anaerobic respiration?
Answer:
Types of Respiration
On the basis of the presence or absence of oxygen, respiration
is classified into two types:
a) Aerobic Respiration: When the breakdown of glucose
occurs with the use of oxygen, it is called aerobic
respiration. During aerobic respiration, glucose is completely
broken down into carbon dioxide, water, and energy is
released. Aerobic respiration takes place in mitochondria. It
can be shown by the following equation:

Aerobic respiration is seen in most of the organisms such as

humans (man), dogs, cats, lions, elephants, cows, buffaloes,
goats, snakes, earthworms, frogs, fishes, etc.

b) Anaerobic Respiration: When the breakdown of glucose

takes place without using oxygen, it is called anaerobic
respiration. The glucose is not completely broken down into
carbon dioxide and water. An intermediate compound is
formed with the release of less amount of energy during this
process. It can be shown as follows:

Yeasts and certain bacteria carry out anaerobic respiration.

These organisms that carry out respiration in the absence of
oxygen are called anaerobes.

2. Name one organism that respires anaerobically. How does

this organism help in the beverage and baking industry?
Answer:
Yeast is a single-celled organism. During anaerobic
respiration (also called fermentation), yeast produces alcohol
as a byproduct which is used in making wine and beer. The
carbon dioxide produced by yeast is used in the bread-making
industry. The CO2 gas released during this process causes the
bread dough to rise.
3. After we work hard or perform physical activity, we feel
hungry. Explain why.
Answer:
When we work hard or perform physical activity (like
running, swimming, cycling), we need more energy. To fulfill
the energy requirement, we breathe faster. Fast breathing
helps in the supply of more oxygen to our cells. Due to this,
the rate of breakdown of food increases, and more energy is
released. The rapid breakdown of food makes us feel more
hungry.
4. When do our muscle cells respire anaerobically?
Answer:
When there is a temporary deficiency of oxygen in the muscle
cells; they begin to respire anaerobically.
5. Define respiration.
Answer:
The process in living organisms involving the production of
energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and release of
carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic
substances is termed as respiration.
6. What causes muscle cramps?
Answer:
Under anaerobic conditions, the partial breakdown of glucose
produces lactic acid in the cells. The accumulation of lactic
acid causes muscle cramps.
7. What is breathing rate?
Answer:
The number of times a person breathes per minute is known
as the breathing rate. A single breath means one inhalation
and one exhalation; both take place alternatively.
8. What are the differences between cellular respiration and
breathing?
Answer:

Cellular respiration Breathing

(i) Energy is released. (i) Energy is not released.

(ii) It is a biochemical
(ii) It is a physical process.
process.

(iii) The production of

(iii) Carbon dioxide is given out and
carbon dioxide gas takes
oxygen is taken in from the air.
place.

(iv) It is an intracellular
(iv) It is an extracellular process.
process.

9. How does the exchange of gases take place in fish? Draw a

diagram of breathing organs in fish.
Answer:
Fish have gills for respiration. Gills are feathery organs full of
blood vessels. A fish breathes by taking water into its mouth
and forcing it out through the gill passages. As water passes
over the thin walls of the gills, dissolved oxygen moves into
the blood and travels to the fish’s cells. Likewise, carbon
dioxide from the fish’s cells moves into the blood and is
eliminated through gills into the water.
10. Explain the respiratory system in cockroaches.
Answer:
A cockroach has small openings on the sides of its body,
called spiracles. It also has a network of air tubes called
tracheae for gas exchange. Oxygen-rich air rushes through
spiracles into the tracheal tubes, diffuses into the body tissue,
and reaches every cell of the body. Similarly, carbon dioxide
from the cells goes into the tracheal tubes and moves out
through spiracles.
11. Describe the process of breathing in human beings with a
suitable diagram.
Answer:
When we breathe in, air enters through the nasal cavity. The
hair and mucus present in the nasal cavity trap dust and other
particles present in the air. Air from the nasal cavity then
reaches the pharynx in the neck region and the larynx. Below
the larynx is the trachea. The trachea divides into two bronchi,
right and left, which lead to the lungs.

In the lungs, each bronchus branches into smaller tubes called

bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles, small rounded
structures called air sacs or alveoli are present. Each alveolus
is made up of a very thin membrane surrounded by blood
vessels. The exchange of gases occurs in air sacs through the
process of diffusion.

In short, passage of air from the nose can be depicted as:

Nose ➝ Nasal cavity ➝ Pharynx ➝ Larynx ➝ Trachea ➝
Bronchi ➝ Bronchioles ➝ Alveoli (air sac)

12. (a) Plants lack a specialised respiratory system. How do

they carry out the respiratory process? Explain.
(b) The plant roots being underground respire by using which
mechanism?
Answer:
(a) The plants do not possess any respiratory system still
plants respire. The various parts of the plants like leaves,
roots, etc., carry out respiration independently.
These parts take in oxygen from the air in a different manner
and utilise it to obtain energy and give out C02. The leaves of
plants possess tiny pores on their surface which are called
stomata. The gaseous exchange during respiration takes place
through their stomata.

(b) Roots of the plants respire under the ground. Root cells get
oxygen from the air present in the space between the soil
particles.
There are several root hairs present on the roots of a plant.
The oxygen from the air (between soil particles) diffuses into
root hair and reaches the cells of the roots. This oxygen is
utilised for respiration.

13. Differentiate between photosynthesis and respiration.

Answer:

Photosynthesis Respiration

(i) Only green plants carry out (i) It takes place in all the
this process. animals and plants.

(ii) Oxygen is given out as (ii) Carbon dioxide is given

waste material. out as waste material.
(iii) Conversion of light energy (iii) Breakdown of food takes
into chemical energy takes place with the release of
place. energy.

(iv) Carbohydrate is (iv) Carbohydrate is broken

synthesised. down.

(v) It occurs only in presence (v) It occurs in both light and

of light. dark.

(vi) Carbon dioxide is taken in (vi) Carbon dioxide is liberated

this process. in this process.

14. Smoking is considered harmful due to certain effects.

Explain in brief. [HOTS]
Answer:
Lungs are very delicate organs and essential for breathing,
thus keeping us alive. Smoking tobacco in the form of beedi,
cigarette, or cigar damages our lungs gradually and causes ill
health. While smoking, smoke along with chemicals present
in tobacco enters our body. These chemicals present in
tobacco damage the lungs in many ways like breathing
becomes difficult and causes lung cancer, heart diseases, etc.
Smoking also affects people around smokers as they also
inhale air containing tobacco. This is called passive smoking.