BASIC FIRST AID

&
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
 Lifting
Moving victims has to be done in a
way that will prevent further injury,
with minimal pain and discomfort
Before moving, assessment should be
done and first aid should be given
except:
• To remove victims from hazards
• To reach other more seriously injured
victims
We should leave moving to
professional emergency rescue
team
General Principles Of
Moving
• If you find a victim in a facedown position, move the person to an assessment
position after doing the ABCD assessment and checking for possible neck and spinal
injury
• Generally, you should not move a victim if moving the person will make the injuries
worse
• Provide all necessary emergency care and splint all fractures
• Move a victim only if there is immediate danger
• If it is necessary to move a victim your speed will depend on the reason for the
move
When To Make An Emergency Rescue Move
(When No Other Options Are Available)
• Uncontrolled traffic
• Physically unstable surroundings (e.g., a vehicle
on its side that you cannot stabilize)
• Exposure to hazardous materials
• Fire or threat of fire (fir should always be
considered a grave threat)
When To Make An Emergency Rescue Move
(When No Other Options Are Available)
• Hostile crowds
• The need to reposition the victim in order to provide life-
saving treatment (such as moving on a firm, flat surface to
perform CPR)
• The need for access (you may need to move one victim to
gain access to another)
• Weather conditions (you need to control exposure if the
weather is very cold, wet, or hot , or windy enough to turn
objects into projectiles)
Kinds of Emergency Moves
Assist To Walk
o Stand At The Victims Side And Drape The Victims
Arm Across Your Shoulders
o Support The Victim By Placing Your Arm Around
His Or Her Waist
o Using Your Body As A Crutch, Support The Victims
Weight As You Both Walk
Kinds of Emergency Moves
Blanket Drag
o Spread A Blanket Alongside The Victims Gather
Half Of The Blanket Into Lengthwise Pleats
o Roll The Victim Away From You, Then Tuck The
Pleated Part Of The Blanket As Far Beneath The
Victims As You Can
Kinds of Emergency Moves
Shirt Drag
o Fasten The Victims Hands O Wrists Loosely Together, Then
Link Them To The Victims Belt Or Pants To Keep The Arms
From Flopping Or Coming Out Of The Shirt
o Grasp The Shoulders Of The Victims Shirts Under The Head
Use Your Forearms To Support Both Sides Of The Head
o Using The Shirt As A Handle, Pull The Victim Toward You
The Pulling Power Should Engage The Victims Armpits, Not
The Neck
Kinds of Emergency Moves
Sheet Drag
o Fold A Sheet Several Times Lengthwise To Form A Narrow,
Long Harness Lay The Folded Sheet Centered Across The
Victims Chest At The Nipple Line
o Pull The Ends Of The Sheet Under The Victims Arms At The
Armpits And Behind The Victims Head Twist The Ends Of
The Sheet Together To Form A Triangular Support For The
Head Be Careful Not To Pull The Victims Hair
o Gasping The Loose Ends Of The Sheet, Pull The Victim
Toward You
Kinds of Emergency Moves
Sheet Drag
o Fold A Sheet Several Times Lengthwise To Form A Narrow,
Long Harness Lay The Folded Sheet Centered Across The
Victims Chest At The Nipple Line
o Pull The Ends Of The Sheet Under The Victims Arms At The
Armpits And Behind The Victims Head Twist The Ends Of
The Sheet Together To Form A Triangular Support For The
Head Be Careful Not To Pull The Victims Hair
o Gasping The Loose Ends Of The Sheet, Pull The Victim
Toward You
Kinds of Emergency Moves
Firemans Drag
o If Unconscious, Tie The Persons Hands Together At The
Wrists. If The Person Is Conscious, He May Clasp His Hands
Together Around Your Neck. Straddle The Person In A
Kneeling Face-to-face Position. Loop The Persons Tied
Hands Over / Around Your Neck. Crawl Forward, Looking
Forward, Dragging The Person With You. If The Person Is
Unconscious Protect His Head From The Ground.
Kinds of Carries
Lovers Carry
o Raise Or Lift The Person To A Standing

Position Off Ground As In Fireman’s Carry,

Place One Arm Under The Persons Knees
And Your Other Arm Around His Back And
Lift. Carry Person High To Lessen Fatigue
Kinds of Carries
Firemans Carry
o Position The Victim On His Or Her Back With Both Knees Bent And
Raised, Grasp The Back Sides Of The Victims Wrists
o Stand On The Toes Of The Victims Feet Lean Backward And Pull
The Victim Up Toward You
o As The Victim Nears A Standing Position, Crouch Slightly And Pull
The Victim Over Your Shoulder, Then Stand Upright
o Pass Your Arm Between The Victims Legs And Grasp The Victims
Arm That Is Nearest Your Body
Kinds of Carries
Firemans Carry
o Position The Victim On His Or Her Back With Both Knees Bent And
Raised, Grasp The Back Sides Of The Victims Wrists
o Stand On The Toes Of The Victims Feet Lean Backward And Pull
The Victim Up Toward You
o As The Victim Nears A Standing Position, Crouch Slightly And Pull
The Victim Over Your Shoulder, Then Stand Upright
o Pass Your Arm Between The Victims Legs And Grasp The Victims
Arm That Is Nearest Your Body
 Two-Man Rescuer Techniques

Two Man Assist To Walk (Two Rescuers)

• For Conscious People, This Carry Allows The Person
Swing Their Legs Using The Rescuers As A Pair Of
Crutches
• Both Rescuers Position The Patient’s Arms Over Their
Shoulders
• Each Rescuer Grasp The Patients Wrist, With The
Other Arm Around The Patients Wrist
 Two-Man Rescuer Techniques
4 arms seat carries (two rescuers)
• For conscious person two rescuers forms a seat with their arms
• Position the hand by locking the hand to wrist of two rescuers
• Lower the seat and allow the person to sit
• Lower the seat by kneeling down. Not your back
• When the person is in place, stand up using legs. Keeping the
back straight.
• Command the person to hold at the shoulder of rescuers to
avoid leaning backward
 Two-Man Rescuer Techniques

carry by extremities
• two rescuers carry the victims by the

extremities for a short distance. Without

any of this injuries spinal, neck, and
other part of extremities
 Two-Man Rescuer Techniques
Chair as a litter (two rescuers)
• The victim is seated in a chair and two
rescuers carry the victim in the chair
• If chair is available
• Sit the victim on the chair
• One of the first-aider takes the back and the
other take the legs
• Make sure the chair is strong enough to carry
the victim
 Equipment For Transferring
The Victim

• Canvas/litter
• Backboards
• Blanket stretcher
• Improvised stretcher
 Basic Life
Support
An emergency procedure that consists of
recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest
or both and the proper application of CPR
to maintain life until victim recovers or
advanced life support is available
 CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

• Early access
• Early CPR
• Early defibrillator
• Early advance cardiac life support
• Integrated post cardiac arrest care
 AVPU MNEMONIC

• Alert
• Verbal stimuli
• Painful stimuli
• Unresponsive
 WHAT IS HIGH QUALITY CPR
• Cardio pulmonary resuscitation circulates blood that contains oxygen to
the vital organs of a patient in cardiac arrest when the heart and breathing
have stopped. It includes chest compressions and ventilations as well as
the use of an automated external defibrillator

• Hands only CPR (compression only CPR-if a person or bystander is

unwilling or unable to perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation for an adult
victim, chest compression only CPR should be provided rather than no
attempt at CPR being made
CRITERIA FOR NOT STARTING CPR

The patient has a sign of

irreversible death
• Livor mortis

• Decapitation

• Dependent lividity
 WHEN TO S.T.O.P.S CPR
• Spontaneous signs of circulation are restored
• Turn over to medical services or properly trained and
authorized personnel
• Operator is already exhausted and cannot continue
CPR
• Physician assumes responsibility (declares death, take
over, etc.)
• Scene becomes unsafe
 HOW TO DO PROPER CPR

• Check for scene safety whenever you see a potential

victim
• Tap and shout to determine responsiveness
• Activate the emergency response system (i.e. call 911)
• Check for a carotid pulse for 5-10 seconds. If no pulse,
bare the chest and begin compressions (rate: 100
compressions/min depth: at least 2 inches)
 HOW TO DO PROPER CPR
• Open the airway with the head-tilt chin-lift maneuver. If
trauma is suspected, use the modified jaw thrust to
open the airway
• Give two breaths while looking for chest rise
• If a barrier device is not available, seal the nose and
perform mouth-to-mouth. If barrier device is available,
ensure a good seal around the nose and mouth before
ventilating
 HOW TO DO PROPER CPR
COMPRESSIONS
• Place heel of one hand in the center of the persons
chest
• Place the other hand on top of the first one
• Lock your elbows
• Push hard an fast
o 2 inches deep or deeper
o 100 times per minute
 HOW TO DO PROPER CPR
COMPRESSIONS

• You will get tired, trade off with another CPR Provider
every 2 minutes if possible
• Continue until help arrives or until an AED is at the
scene and ready to use
• Don’t stop until emergency responder arrive and tell
you they are ready to take over
 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Classification

Non-modifiable Modifiable
o Age o Cigarette smoking
o Gender o Hypertension
o Heredity o Obesity
o Lack of exercise
o High Cholesterol level
o Diabetes Mellitus
 STROKE SYMPTOMS

• Sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg,

especially on one side of the body
• Sudden confusion trouble speaking or understanding
• Sudden trouble seeing in both eyes
• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or
coordination
• Sudden severe headache with no known cause
 BEFAST

• Balance
o Does the person have a sudden loss of balance
• Eyes
o Has the person lost vision in one or both eyes
• Face
o Does the person’s face look uneven
 BEFAST

• Arms
o Is there weakness in one or both arms
• Speech
o Is the person’s speech slurred does the person have
trouble speaking or seen confused
• Time
o Call 911 now or dial the internal emergency number if
you are at Atlantic city campus or mainland campus
 CAUSES OF OBSTRUCTION
o Improper chewing of large pieces of food
o Excessive intake of alcohol
o For children-running while eating
o For smaller children of “hand-to-mouth”
stage left unattended
 WHAT TO DO IF THERE IS AN
OBSTRUCTION
Heimlich Maneuver
o Heimlich maneuver or abdominal thrust is recommended for relieving
foreign body airway obstruction
Recovery Position
o If a person is unconscious but is breathing and has no other life-
threatening conditions, they should be placed in the recovery position
o Putting someone in the recovery position will ensure their airway remains
clear and open. It also ensures that any vomit or fluid will not cause them
to choke
THANKS!
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