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Multimed Ia System S

This document provides an overview of key concepts related to digital video, including: 1. Digital video formats convert the analog video waveform into a stream of digital numbers to allow for storage and transmission. Common digital video file formats include AVI, MOV, MPG, and WMV. 2. Video compression is needed to reduce large digital video files to practical sizes for storage and transmission by removing spatial and temporal redundancies. Popular video codecs include MPEG and H.264. 3. Other concepts covered include frame rates, aspect ratios, and equipment for capturing digital video footage from cameras and transferring it to computers for editing.

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197 views

Multimed Ia System S

This document provides an overview of key concepts related to digital video, including: 1. Digital video formats convert the analog video waveform into a stream of digital numbers to allow for storage and transmission. Common digital video file formats include AVI, MOV, MPG, and WMV. 2. Video compression is needed to reduce large digital video files to practical sizes for storage and transmission by removing spatial and temporal redundancies. Popular video codecs include MPEG and H.264. 3. Other concepts covered include frame rates, aspect ratios, and equipment for capturing digital video footage from cameras and transferring it to computers for editing.

Uploaded by

อภิเษก หงษ์วิทยากร
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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ia Systems 1: Multimed 52025

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TV
DVD VCD
VDO ondemand

Internet Streaming
e-Learning

VDO Chat

Mobile Phone

Its everywhere!!!
Cinema

...and Many MORE...

Agenda
VDO Fundamental
Properties of VDO Digital VDO Formats

Digital VDO Production


Record Edit Capture

Properties of VDO

Analog VDO
Motion VDO was originally created and
stored in analog form.

Digital VDO
A means of reproducing the continuous VDO
waveform as a stream of digital numbers.
rious to va mune t: im analog ene ttributed to B tion a ise ... stor di as n o such

Interlacing

open wiki to embrace the explanation!!

Interlacing was originally conceived as a way to


achieve good visual quality within a limitations of a narrow bandwidth.
odd eld even eld

Progressive Scanning
(non-interlaced scanning)

A method of representing

moving images on a display screen, in which every pixel is represented in each frame.

Computer monitors use a progressive scan. The standard refresh rate for a icker-free Its used to project movies in theaters.

display is a vertical scan rate of 75 Hz or higher.

Note
in digital TV terminology: interlaced scan is denoted by a lowercase i progressive scan is denoted by a lowercase p frame rate: (60i, 24p) resolution: (1080i, 720p)

Frame Rate
Frame frequency is a measure of how quickly
an image device can produce unique consecutive images called frames.
(expressed in frames per second - fps)

Typically, the human eye can interpret motion at


10 fps, but this rate causes a icker effect thats distract.

Increasing the frame rate reduces ickering.

Frame Rate
Movies - 14 fps Television: NTSC - 29.97 fps HDTV - 60 fps VDO games (frame rate is very important): action-oriented games - 20-30 fps 3D-heavy games - 90-100 fps

Aspect Ratios
The ratio of the width of the image to its
height (w:h)

motion-picture - 1.85:1 and 2.35:1 tv screens - 1.33:1 (aka 4:3) HDTV - 1.78:1 (aka 16:9)
16:9 4:3 letterbox

Compression
VDO is huge - one sec of analog VDO stored
in an uncompressed digital format takes up 1 MB of disk space

VDO compression is a MUST VDO contains many spatial and temporal


redundancies

thus, 5-min VDO ~ 300 MB not practical

Codecs are needed for creating and viewing

VDO Compression
Spatial compression (intra-frame) Temporal compression (inter-frame) Video compression is a tradeoff between disk
space, video quality, and the cost of hardware required to decompress the video in a reasonable time.

Spatial Compression

Just image compression applied to a sequence


of images.

Temporal Compression
Make key frames, say every 6 frames and do the
spatial compression on these frames. replaced by a difference frame.

Between key frames, each one of them will be

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Digital VDO File Formats

AVI
Most common AV data on Windows Can be saved in a variety of compression

schemes - full frames (uncompressed), Radiuss Cinepak, Intel Video, and Indeo.

MOV
Quicktime Movie was developed by Apple
Computer

MPEG-4 Qt 7 (and later) use H.264

MPG
The compressed VDO le format for standard
DVD using the MPEG-2 encoding standard

A large le can be transferred to MPEG with

little loss of quality while dropping the bit rate a great deal

The MPEG group develops the standards for


encoding VDO and audio

MPEG standards: MPEG-1: used as VCD standard (MP3 is the


popular compression)

MPEG-2: use in many things such as DVD,


digital satellite TV and so on

MPEG-4: support 3D content, low bit-rate


encoding, support for Digital Right Management

Others
WMV a part of Windows Media framework used for streaming VDO over the internet uses MPEG-4 standard RM a multimedia container with RealVideo and
RealAudio codecs in a single le

is used to stream AV over the internet

VDO Production

Equipments
Digital tapeless (D) HDV (D) DV (formerly DVC) 8mm (A) VHS (A)

Connecting Recorder to Computer

Analog Camcorder

Coaxial
VDO and audio signals are both carries in one
cable

Poorest transfer

A/V
Use RCA connectors Yellow is (composite) video Red is right audio & White is left audio

S-Video
Separate video - transmit VDO
signals over a cable by dividing the VDO info into 2 separate signals: color (chrominance) and brightness (luminance)

Sharper than composite VDO must be used in conjunction


with audio cables

Digital Camcorder

USB
USB 2.0 are common 480 Mbps

FireWire
Developed by Apple
Computer

IEEE-1394 standard 400 Mbps higher transfer rates are


available (800, 1600, and up to 3100 Mbps)

Transferring from Recorder to Computer


Calculate disk space (uncompressed): (pixel width) x (pixel height) x (color bit say, 3-min VDO @ 15 fps, 24-bit depth,
320x240 pixels will take: 8,000,000 = 622 MB depth) x (fps) x (duration in secs) / 8,000,000

(320) x (240) x (24) x (15) x (180) /

VDO Editing
Editing: cut and paste sections add special effects add transitions add titles

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