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57 views60 pages

Untitled

Uploaded by

Kabiraj Khatri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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ie +t u_Univessity la —Dhultkhel, kavre Subject :- CIEG 208. Tutorial - 2 Submitted by i- Name : Kabtraj Khater Roll _; 30 t Gapup ; IEG n/T Submitted be Er. Kameshwar _Sahani_Sir Department op. cual) | : : c Engineering Scanned with CamScanner TicdorfaS = 2 | #|Strece Cfrafh- Am alyats i > Depormation of Axial loading : 11a“ baw of a5em lengin and ¥.2q-om fa croas Sedona area cavries axial loads at postions shown Ty _4to. Glewlate the depormahon fn the bar T#k8 Es 2% to%kg/em? [cold Sees <<< SY | Here: = =e gana a 7 E ato | |g Opa 205 | ~~ 22cwoky a bo < A ey Loe. Se, | I | Check ie equibilyim : =) 4Owd -F0vd +So00~ 2600 =0( Fre) Ze | News ! | oO Coneider. equi tilriven cf park A; : | a b | i= 4eeng —ot fons Agvokg . Bon — pre Ee 4000 ky x Sem ; AE 4iem* x(Ax tof ke /em® ) = &@Sx 10"? em (C) @: a Scanned with CamScanner @ Goncider equilibefum of past Bo b- c | 4oco'g : ==T Fl. B I> Sov kg —S Ie--- Foooks | ——_______si 2000 ko. 8 Goro — " oem Fo" } 2 Booey = B6od kg) Aa = fate _ “Boodkg X 10cm AE 4em? X 2K 10° kg lem | ae 000395 em (7 (D_Consider equi Lilerium op past C: at gsvokg~-?| © 200 keg | Son — Ag. 2600 kp x BoM Ae Acm! x 2% 108 kg fem? eb 2S x 107%em ) then; Depormalion ta the bar G)E(AlWA)a(As). B-B 5X10 Fp BFSHIO™ = 425x105 PPS too =Ocm ie | | | | | 1 | Scanned with CamScanner 1A bay Of 86d mm Jengts fe aitachedd - atigidly ab A and B a0 chown iy the Figure. forces! oF SokN) and FOkN ack ac sho.on in the’ Lar: § E=250 Pa, determine the creachone ab the two ends. Fp tre bar diameter fe 25mm; dinol [the chrosece and strain change. fa length 3. each portion. eo Here: x a y a : A 490625 ‘Also: [ A= Pada _ 1625 x 103% 150 AE 4901625 % 20D L = 2484 mm Aa = Pata . Alb625xL0%x 260 AE 490625 X 260 2 110:293 mm As = Pata _ 281375x103X 350 AE 490+6aSx7 280 112:94F mH o & Scanned with CamScanner A bar ABCD 5 civeulay sections fs chown 10 4ig. fs ~igid ly gixed af ends A and DP» Te law is _culopetked to antal logos op 25kA ab Band SOkN at Cas chown ig 4ig- Hind boris - Lonie aeacton and tre loach shared La each Portions Df the bas anol | displacomenks op" section B and c. Neglect ay bends | Take. Es 208Gfe + Also find the “ehrenes Preouced Lin each portion. [se le Here > | ee Pig aa ZN g[ [PR Tee Dp, 25mm, | j a ; let, Re and Ro be weackone develspel at #4 and D -eeapec Hve)y Now _2H= oO = ree 7S @ 3 ; 7} = s A L { oe CO Ge-Fey OmRx} Scanned with CamScanner Now; We have? Ar(rys 4a Cc) + AS © PL & te fs a 7 * Ae 7 on PEDO oe Raxg5Onim I.(25 mm) 272 Re Contn)? BE, (FSmm)* Ee aT : k 7 ler. Ra Os-R1) Re i | 625 (2560 S¢25 7 kes 2877s 4 [oy Ry = 2257 ORs +4 H2 i 36 oy, BE Ra tTIRS = Q2S49R2 [oy JoRe= 22E44R2 oy 4S GS-2) = 92544Ro oy 3399S —IJIRe = D25F GRo o, 3150-2 4$9R2 s ~ oy Re = 641 286 KN, | tnd) "Pa FSH 64128 6 = LO-PIGKA | Nowy Pr= Rs = 10919 KN for QS-Ri = 141086 kN fa = Rar 64age kN Re. he tarda — eae K So KIO gee 2 oe OBER PO XO € | 1 B Go)* XK LoBx 107 = 17458 x 107m @ Scanned with CamScanner Pa = s0°7E I K107 — 24-8395 Nham 2 Aa 7, (a5)* oe A (5) Ore fe = 19286 KLO7 F299 Vim * We (50)? 7 Oath, SH IBEKIO 1G. S82 Nm * Ft zr G5) Eo 4.1 A steel and: baw 460m long to ackeA upon by forces as clman in fare "Fad the elongahé B of Las. Take Es 2 M0 10% 1g Jem? [ot Here; + = a ‘ ee per [emf] — PILE at ere | Check gor equi li boavam SH-ab S-3t9-6 thd =O Gre) Now; Cnctder equilibrium d+ each part; a b ob Z xe Pe che Jane a oe } - 9 4 2 a — ae eT) Scanned with CamScanner Agate; — -<- Arty tee ( [Aegt we 1605" = 53:33 em ‘ Dae Feds ~ SX10 x S377 = 91 03 3394%er ALE z. (2x 2% 10% Po = St Aaa 16OC% - 53-220 Apa fete - Sxlo*x se’ 001286 om Age GS) *R 2% 10% q CF) "A Pee it te = 5933em liv jo%% 63°2 foA 435 as F = 0:04152 om se 4 CK IKIO. Mien, clongahion sf bor (A) = Art A+rAs = O1OZZIP TOOLS RLF 0104152 = 0'08935 om Too steok plates # a _1émm thick and 126 mm wide | are connected by” a lap viveted as chown in tg Fad the tensile stress iy) he plate ab ine most chen) cectron. What te bre shear cress iin each aivel YH -te swivel gdiameter fs: 25mm 2? Talee tensile load in ne plates to be 35kN. © Scanned with CamScanner cl ae : ™ aime Here heal _35e — nT Reg for tengile chres in “the plates i 7 F - at prebps Lemmx 126mm 428mm : = 2046 mm? o[ t a Feneile load! in tre flake (P= a kal Novos, [qSndle .strece 7A plates (6) ee an 25x10 ‘ : 2016 | ‘ = 12854 Nfom? Mens | Area gy ivels (Ad = Hage = 452°16 mm ? Shear clress iq each ofreh (UV) = Ph | 1 | -~ 35Kio2 | ‘ RYS2.1¢ [ : = 38-09 | Nhnon™ Also; ; s es Rensile strece ah moc Pe. 2 235x107 erties sedion (Ope) G26=2%24)3 aren ba 1248 3 ® Soar * Scanned with CamScanner Bass with varying cw sections: 1A slat steel plaFe fs st trapezoi dad ZOOM OF _UNi- ford tuicness of CH andl taper: “unt fonrals4 from _a width rt er ar in a length 7 ! ¢ a Dexive tue expre- a, | fe | ae 2ston ger elon gatien L Lin-p $i 1 et aes of. cuds bar jox_axtad [aod CP?. Gers 40mm , Bp = 50mm RE eX Baz 1 60am ead L=560mm find the “elongation 1 Take E= ax10° N/m? BIE heres for. elongation Of. niger) fapertag reechang ular bare 3 . Fotel--elongation (At)--- Consider o ven hark ceckon X*-X ak (a dickan ce tl _prom Bs. Leh, width op that section be Goi. Thea; daa Gx+ G2-B1 a “Here, led, Be-Ba -K . So £ daz Bit kn Cross secon area af secKoo xox = width Xx 7 dhfckn ess oe Asdaxt ov A= (Bacpkea ) AA Elongation of elemental’ section Un’ (£L) ee es Scanned with CamScanner ; __ow SL- - Px da MD as : Gus teat xe Todd clongakion ts spound by ikegeaia a9 @y prem 0 tol. = Ten} q j oral elongation ECE (ea Pda 2 Gitkayt€ L | ow, AL= (Pom. (Orphan 3 te, i | AL= 4 aL | Oe = {ars ka) ln \ ox, AL = futh Brrkay f | Ee Lok cee ‘ | oe AL = ja (r+ hk) — An Gs} 4 I b. = pe ae i oy AL= Ea Bat * Sate] | | CER Ss [ ov. ane seg Ba =n ) i t ‘ | ov AL=__ PL Ln (Ga =e t€-G.-B1) es] ; @® Scanned with CamScanner Fav an axtal load. 5 FP: 2 (250 \ \ Talal elongabon (41) = PX 5D Bn = Lox 2* 10° (160-50) 2 Px Sx to Sx 016931 = 3:4655x10°SP ha tapering mod has cfametor ds at one end anc | te dapere anipoxenlyy 4p _0 dtameter da ab he other end tm a length L.G. modulus @ elacteihy o% #re materi) is Ey find’ tr change 79_Lengsh een cub | jected _ty_an axtal force | sol Here’ D B | “ ! dads aa) T aX ale er da-ds ¥ Conatder a _sectfon X-xX oF length Yat ofia dictance ‘a’ fron A. Tren From geomehy J AX = d+ UP ob x ; let, do~di- k . So ~ @ Scanned with CamScanner dX = ditkan Now, tension oj small elomenial length da tei l= fl. fs da AE aay? FCax)* fia. WPda mE Gitka)? = o SL= AP (Auiahen). Nd aE Men; Tatas exten sion Buse & pect) da 2 xe Ont ka) aes 5 @ [Gaal mE | 240k. ae No 4P a 1) [G@uzkay? [- we is mae sath ie w= @y- I f STH Ga danas = are 16 7B) si (i Je (ayy AER ! O15 Scanned with CamScanner 2 oP 7a 1) aEk da di/ = casita (2 2 \ re. dards (ded ] Ey 4 = -4PL di-da mE Gada) asda = APL (damchi ne (aa =ds) aida’ | BAU PE | : aE do | — TA Sm long -stee! bar fe having untpormn tam eter of Somm Gos a_length ty 1m Snal in Bre ret 0S in chameter gradually 2 [weaved prom: 4mm oo | to domm AS L60kne——| stm DY ou L60KN chan fn Ala- GO a bars "owb| ected to a tensile load 4 160kN. E=200 conden? a celO Here ; fe port AB Scanned with CamScanner A 18 160 ke “Lap Lé0kn dfavneter (has) =4amm | Area (Ans) E Ze)? = 1256. mm 2 (Tencfle load (P) = 160 kN . Rov. E= Ax to? N/m? = 260% 10*N/nm | Elongahion 5} port AB (gg) = FS ° _ ae | i 160x $02x L000 pos | 1256 x 260%10 7 E =f | yt : £06369 mm i Ry past BC: - i 2 < | 360 Kn : Ly 160 kn Tens?le load (P) = léokn crameter af B Ga) = 40mm crameter ak- ¢ (ds) = 20mm ~ Lengthy (2) = 560 rnm | Mien} Elongahon gL pact Bc (Aac) = APR : AE ds do Scanned with CamScanner = 9x160x10 7% S60 Ay ZOvKLOeX 20x40 = 06369 MM 1 Biv. elongation 3 bax (A)= Aro + Age = :0°636I mm + 0'6269mm™ 2438 t fampostte Baxs ) Theee pillars , hoo" aluni- lntum ancl ome of cteel We200kn | _ Supgort a figid: plas teoxm ¢ F 2001KN ae" chovon) ia igo 4 450 ||F A [iso . & area cp each alu- ie fur _pilla® is 160Dmm* and that ot steel) is @50 mm? find the efrecies decloped tn an Sach pillar Take Ey 2 ixto7 N/mm? And ES = 290 10=NJem?, lehat addiffonas load ‘P.can take. 14 working tresses are 650) /mm* £9 alumfatuny and 150 N/mm? in’ ctoek? 1 oS Hers | Areq of. glaminturn _ pillar. (Ag) = £550 ray ? fea Ps atoel pillaw (Az) = 880mm? lenghi oD alumnfntum pillav.- (2a) =300.mm Lengyta dL cteel pillar (22) = 150mm * New; i for compooste - pillars wigidly connected on both ends; ® Scanned with CamScanner Depeenabion in alumtafiurn — Deposmalion in_steek IE pillars (Aa) pillars As) “ Aal A: | o—fata fe ts | Aaa As Es | o, bata _ 630 he [oi Ge Es E 7 oy Oa Z As £& os Es ka oy Oa 150 1x* 30 { S23 ax 107 £69 oy 69, 0°F5: os Abo; oo! ; 1 Potar load on _~ Load on 2 aluminium bers — : | composibe bat Loacl_on steed bar oy, P= 2+ Pe - om 260X102 = ax(GaxAa) + 02 xAs & 200%107 = 2X GC4X1500) +5 X ROD) a 2Mxlo7_ ASH Fa +3H0 6s T= 4 200X107 = ROG (0'FS GE) + BOO Ks [Gan OJ oho” = FSO FOIE 29.00 Fs. Scanned with CamScanner | i : | L | a L So, 0 = OFSx BOIES = 65.9194 Nam? _ New bet, addftiona) load be *P’, Men; to Suppor thic loads 28x 109+ P = 2fa + Pe : | ey, 26°10 *4P = 2inAa) 4 (62x02) 1590 | oy 260x104 P = 2(ESraIFG % 1EDO_) HFE-OSES x S60) oy Ps Px 255060 -260x10 og P= Sx1oin Hence, fue additonal load _'P’? thet can be Le applied! fe Sxl07N) \ to:|A= compound bar anotct pa Greular dtameter i 20m -Haial fitheal inbo Q coppers tube wy Internal ldtamehe? 38mm ancl thicknecs of. Fim th £20 | Lac -chovon 79 #- G tre bar ts” aN subpected, to 4 load 200kNn , giad Leck: the stresses developed fA dine te Sreeti| [ean eo materiale. Take Fists 2 3107 Ninnt / and Es 52 den ve Neer £0\2 Heres: ‘ : Depormabon, fo_steed — Desormation iy copper lar bare (As) eS (Ac) om As= Ac. : : le i @® Scanned with CamScanner ox Pal fed s 4 AcEs be : a Os 52 . : . | Be \ a Os — be o. be ou O's = BX10% Ce baxlo of Oe - b 66F oa Sse 166760 — _y9) j a es ' . ‘ I Alco: 7 | Petal deposmation fh - Deposition ‘ig_ steel baw + | compoun A wars _— Reermabon fo _Bted load chared by _ load shared by skeel 1 GO | cornpounol bars bay + load shared bg ‘ | : cspper law oy P= fet Pe | or, 200% 10° = 6axAs +0 XAc on 2% 107%= Oe x z. @o)7+ & POE Oy BOR1OT = FOE F O's + 4094-665 6 BER 165 107 260%10? = PES mw (166F 6) +3568 2465 oy 200 x 10% =! L17F.P3ES Oe + S69 16 56% L CO. = S610? 20x 10? : BOFRGOH 154519605 oy Se = 88994 Mm 429-379 N/m > ; Scanned with CamScanner And) Oe ECF B8-F9F HLQI' APY XK 11667. SHR O19 Nam? = 9156 EE Ven * cad eongerele colurm Op. size 360mm x250mm Le creinger io I~ steel ‘bars dra 12mm ‘ao ” 260rnm sheen in 4) if the column és 7am | subjected to_an arial loading. a 800K, pind the shtsses ‘developed e © | [2000 [im steel and conch. Tale e oe | Es /Ee = 18°67 a | eo'2 Here: column Ac)= 200x300 = 9x10 %nm? rsa ia) Anial load (P) = 8 kKN = 850x107 firoa_% steel Low (fe) = Id = E (ua)? | a = 113-09mm | fons s Depormahan in column = Depoumation..in steel bar | % ov; Ac = As : | oe eA Psd Ac Ee As o Se 6s Ee Ee oo & Ss Ee ' Se ; on fon 18:67 DS Oca 13-67 @ © @ Scanned with CamScanner oy 60OXI0%= CexAe +96: xA ao EOXIO% = Cex IxXj0%4 Ie 113: OFX 18'6 FB BOX 103 = 109994-1112 Oe a Pe = 80 x107 108994412 >t ow Oe 39-3398 N/m? 2 Stender y | Gee 1864 x02 = 1869 x 73393 | = 137-0391 N/mm? Pal logd on MWe load chared by colum + composi te columy) * lead shaved’ be em ear = om P= f+ 35Pe %» 890X107= Sex 9x 1014 IxpRe 1B OF a i Sah weight fa ja. A bar OF _uniporn creec ec ec#ON ‘A’ and length Le fs suspend ool from._tep. Fad he expreeci | pox the bay due to sey weignt only ig vod = | ulus Sf elastcthy E and unit weight py? ging 4 the expression Aor Are extension oA bar due to 4 Leo wefght aly. E l 2 ere; : q Consider a bor is > fF L pieced at one end -and Q- ammmen| — 2) Lan hanging prom tne fred i cupport. Lek,“ L'be the J a | length ° the bar- 8 @ Scanned with CamScanner Naw, consider an élément at a dickmee '’ pron ie lower end op the Lax. ‘SU _be He extenctom of tre elemento section | ace Et da. : News let ,SWn’ be the worght 5 the porbon below tre _ sechforn X=X. Ten; Wa = Velume > Unrt weigh of the materiod. wiWa = (Axx) x ¥ ‘ lo Wa = Axaxsg Guys & al pémd load (P) = We Any ‘s Elongahon sh emall_ seckon, ae PL = Axax o)xda | AE Axe Ten, r | Btal_ elongation cael Aro doa ARE. =f na i am. mn = d far Te Ged ih mys 2 v op Jos Gy 1 JH o<. ce a 2e Agata’, etal wera ht (1) SAKLxY i “Sys 3 r Scanned with CamScanner ren; AL= SE Wat) xv? ie} “9G bo % ~ Ax¥x2E en” ox AL _ WP. 2AE St 13+| A solid conical bar pL _unigormly. vawyzing dia~ one end and zero mehey has diameter “DY at other end. G Jeng th op tre baw te 'V modulus of elastethy E anol unit cscight 9" find te expression” gor thre exken sion. of Tar due fs ely weight oly. J lo Here) P | A colic! confeal baie [scan acc 7 anyorny verging diam - "| L [eter 727 cupended prom fore Nye a fined aupport i Firs n lente is (Uy modulus oa * V + clesity amd untt eelgnd cpr Nows Let, 'SU be bre extencion op elemental length dx _wobich fo _af.a distince’'a! from tre lower end: Leh, "We! _be tre’ watgud Of the portion below x-x secon . Then, @ Scanned with CamScanner Ua = Volume X Unit vol 5} bare atA-a xy | now, Load CP) = tx = Elongakion ge small ee da (Ste FE Rat Ae Ae 2 BAY do ae = Yada 5 2E Elongahon Sp. he ahole confcal bar can be foun yp tsgaathg EL prom 0 fp U We have: u t bie fotal elongation (ayed Se ef Yad es d > SE | eel ae pad | ye fat ‘| zeta. | “sae =2) fe RL? ; , 6E Again; Ae otal Wea Wh (W)= [ExAx thy Breese 2 O° Scanned with CamScanner Grew; At= YU ~ GWA) v2 ee Aa = BW? 6ALE wAL WL 2AE ———— 14, A_conerete - column oy height g A wee x ‘L' has fo support a load’ ac shown in fig . Delermine [the expres: ston gor the aoss— bof [sectional areq oo. the column. re | shrezs at all sechons te + L [the same: Take unit weight, Aa * | op concrete as ‘¥’. leave Heve: LQ concrete columm aL herght Vofs jiced ob one end ana euspendled. > prom tt + An external load *P' fo applied om ft. = shessey gre devel- | oped due to sel) - wofght and external load. New) _ let, Ar*be the cwec-ceclonal area _at tre top Vand Ad be He Cross—cechional area ab the bolt - om: leh _us concider am clement secHon at X-x ata | dtatance 'a" 4oom _leotiven « teh the area be ‘A! andl Scanned with CamScanner Me area Oh elemental section be YA". Ttheny upper farce on dower postion | ip elemental lenginGe eB) = We ght 3} ae on Ar 6 = P+ Wa)an Q | fn ste | ree On "“tpper portion (ee: ©) op elemental length = P+ (rnjan t(Wadec o (At da) P= Px (Walia + (Wadse en Ad Pn Wg | oy P+ Wan + dA. & = Pt Odea + (ike [rom] | oe ©dA = Wa)sc | * on (AAs Volume x Unit Light ‘ or CAA = Gx da) x¥ C.' Ans area | oa JA - ¥ da Gi) Me etement | i Ae e ta ind expression gov cross ~seckonal area @. [the columm co tak ‘chess at all sections te Bre game Aabegrabing. ¢ 4. Aes fa : [_ {da sf Xda | {x - B a : re |” ~ fa as oT ° x Cn a= dn A)= pire) oy wl [A 2s t A} 2 @ Scanned with CamScanner o Age : x, As Are® |, whlch fe the required exprestign. ak Is as| A _colid baw fs in the AL BP Og mM op. truncated cone op cn t 7 favin9 Ds as the dramebey 6 Gaia if on ab TF support and Daat [tC @ ummm oF i _pree end and fe Ver A hanging as chown ta fp aey. I argues. Delermive tue elo~ on 22 “ngalion pp tre aw under J Ate AS aan coefght » L i sl Here) < eC LA solic hae jn dhe foun oh muncated cone has | diameter 'D,’ab tk expport Vand 1D! al pree ene Now 2 teh 'U be #re length 6}. dre ‘cone . Consider an elemental length a ab @ clislance ‘7’ L from bottom. G ax’ is iis dona 5 Ax = P1- D2 mM + Da L we lave: ov, AX =’ Datka , wheres Ka De D? we speostle sodA upper and lower 2 con “force AZ POR $ APSx, Scanned with CamScanner Now, sides AD and 8C are produced to Mntersected at ‘0’ Then prom stnilay™ bangle (AAPO and 4QDO)/ Ap___Po 0g go oy, a Lty DaJg oy Da _ Ley Da F oo, yds =Dalt yD oy yDs-D2) = Dal i D Oy yy > 2 -| g Ds-Da loci li ii ei ach acta cb mye be uk ee Mien, tot 'Y? be bre unit weight of tH? bar. | And, volume of te cone is: x Areq of bacex | : hea ht Seo} | Lead _on the bncated cone AB cD) fs :- i fa = Werght op the tuncated cone = YX (Volume )a » yx ES Aax(ysr)-bAeary | : 1 i ag. g | =¥ pape = fake ai a Scanned with CamScanner 2¥o 1K (dx) (ra) - © Datiy 4 12 wo r N = Rs [Osteo Gam) - Os" oy J 7a a)* Beano Bs 2 XE [6x+ka) ean) ara a 2 Et athe ke % =o 2 23% JDatke). /Datka | Doe Y 12 ( K K _ Xn 9 Oi thay — DZ, “12 | K 8% (Osska)?-De Tako RS dake Fe=FOGN /n?, Es- Po oF 200 ON/m?, X= 4 2K10 TC 2 ea = 11x 10°% Ye da=90mm et ye 3) iy and de=15mm. » SE Here; | for aluminium bare 3 | dfameter (da) = 30mm : Ea = 70 G.N/m2 = 70% 10°N/y* = POX 10% Meo > LAt = 207% cleng th Cla) = sm | xq clixlo™* Pe [fer steed bar ; | diameter (de) = 15mm : [Be = 260 GM fm? = 260% 10°N/m? = 2.00% 10 Nmam = i feng th (as) = 3m 1 Now 3 4 | Thermal strece developed fa -aluminium laaw ic; i | (67), = = Xo. At. E | = 1x10! x 20% 7ox10* = 15460 fe hesmes. sheos Keelopadl iy shee! lark ie: ) i (Gr) = &<- AY Ee ] @ Scanned with CamScanner L2~107 Sx Do peate x 10 £ = 48000 Mam? fer_compoctte bar wpidly_4 A4ked cb both ende; Ehange fy _leng due. mange ta lengit due to i | toweachons le vee expanston aa (PLY = (€L-) gly) e€ a Atle a = a Ley ae re} (Ba. Atta + Xe. Abts) i lala A, Es oy pS L6D0 : 3600 o [A:(30)% ox 10 Expy 260% 10% q | { (itr10°6 x 20% LOBd +19 X10 i Box | x ao50 / oP x OSISX 10°" = 0°94 O94 10515 x 10"* an P= 819396 X10 A oq Pe wal fcirepder Genponthe ber = xg idl jy —ptheck et 19:| The stee! bay pp uuntgorenly varyion dfameter shown Lin gig te hela between Ad. unyielding cupports at | oom temperature. What fs the. mone ionum votre in duced in the bars & temperature “wees bg 40° ? Take B= ax L0°N Jom? ond As = Laxton /ee., a) 7 ‘ Scanned with CamScanner 40mm v 20rary, K & SAD Vere: Smaller drameter (ds) = 20mm larger diameter (da) = 40mm length (L) = 0:5 = 560mm: At = 407° Ee = Ix 10* Yeu? i 2 L + OSM — sis ain Pa a cal Xe = 1ax107F /% Tien; | fora vy h Re = uattorenly varying bars} maxtmurn therma shecs fe “given as } (Sr )max = E ott 42 ds = 2Qx10% = 192 ram? 12% 107 Sx 40x 49 : . ; 20 t is-| A bax lateet Lanel the tube are Jintdrally orn In on al | agi fixed at boty end: of brass 25nim diameter ® enclosad na tube of Samm external dfameker .TRe bar @ are iS using 2Omm Mometey Gg Scanned with CamScanner pias» Find tHe shecces fn ne hoo material cohen temperature ofsex trom 30°C to 150°C. Ficl_ alo Xs, brass will have more gree expansten than cteel Put, te beth ends are. gired. &, tel tube and brass Loy vefll expand by came amount . Ten: Scanned with CamScanner Pension fn steel = Comprescfon in brass or 05 X As = 0% X Ab o Os = Av Se As . We = 490625 6% 1971 ERS voy Os 2 RAS Sis oy, Os ote e As 0! Achal expansion ™ — Adcual expansion in { steel 3 ae e os Ot Ls w+ Se = Xp Able $e Co \ + Tues 2 (eoaee) Jies (eat 6 zhi si iii i id i i | a a i | oy_atl-6 x L07* — : mae X70 ¢- ae x1o3 st | LOEx Lo? | oy Saxton, Cb = 41309 x10729_. ob | : BK 20% 102 lo? | : > - o 06 | Om 2 499% 1077 i } 6x 10% \ lo? | 4 tft 4) s 4.99% 10% x 1o8 "lo? 7 oy 0 = 4949x1074 161664 107 oy 0b = 42/5982 N/m? Aad @ Scanned with CamScanner Oe 20, = 4x 425988 5 LG L996 W/m? Now: Antal load applied) om jue materiale (P) = EYAL or _ §3x%Ac ——— NSBR 347.5992 x 4906 2) = 20950-03625. N i So: : Strose gy pina (Gym) = Py x (20) = Ps . 7 ORF 26% £0 Alem 20360103625 2x Bx Q 223+ 2803 N/mm? At woom tempertture the gap between bar 4 and 19+ bor B fs 025mm. What ave the. shecces pclucent fq the baws , fy temperahne army i wise fs 35°C "2 qake Pat 1 ae D LODO rm? , Aw = 860mm ? { Eee Le 20° /enm 2, la = 12740" pret yg HO Ze, la = 460mm , le = 3 bomm . £02 Here: La = 400mm + Om 2 iax107 [2 lg= 300m a= 23x408 /7¢ Bas 2x40°N/am? fe =1x 10° N/mm 7 2 sill Scanned with CamScanner Rese fo _temporabire (At) = 35% gap behueen kar @ and @ = 0:25mm Now ; Fee expansion of bax A (bla)= oy At-La = 1axLo7§ x BEX 460 = 0168mm freo_ex pansion oy keaary & (Sle) = ele: AL- le Bince, total expancion (0:409Smm) > gap _bebueen fotel_expanston (SL) = Sla+ Sle = 93% 10°£x 85 x 26 + 02915 mm 5 O168 ¢0-2G1o =0°40I95mm Aland B (0:25mm ) Now chad e pansion Of sp Ackial expancton: OF = 0.05 bar A 7 Lop gta Pla + Lis — ALEn Ao bar B Pla ~ 0.25" EB oy OER 40-2415 OS = Pla Ple MrEm Asks = Oo» LS J | ae eee ea 7 | 4 0595 = 575x075 P a P= BIS 78 - 01595 eS IS 5 79SxK 10% oy P= 27739 1304 Now; @® Scanned with CamScanner = -27F3I3309 _ 24-4391 N/mm * 1080 2FFBINZOY geo = 24-6929 N/mm * A copper bar oy lengin tm te placed fo posftion af coom _temperahre ith a POF 020mm between end Aranda vigid creafelont..Hhd tue axtal comp— aesste stress © fh tre bar fy othe temperqhire risen 50’, Take Ge =1GPa_ and de “Lax Loves ald Heres LLL LLLe, Length op kar (L) = beh = 1600mm - er ye Een lbGPa = Lx 10°N = 11 65D Yom? m> -. A Ke = ante’ (Pc tg femperahire vice (b= 50% gy Now? ‘ a hha Because opcaigid cupportl, re, bare oaly enpanic O.2m0 » So"; Actuas expancion sy bar = (Str) - eS T J . T on 0-2 = xAtL — LE AE fb oy 012 = 4X 10° SX Box 1oD0.- Ee oy 0:2 = 08S ~ GX L5H0 LL 88D. Scanned with CamScanner oy O2 = O'8S-~ —— MH = 08 5-0-2 i 7 oP oVbS xls oy Mz F1S N/mm? = A_compoond bas to made up of steel plate 52mm , wide and’ 8nm dick bo ushich copper plake 35mm wide oy Smm thick are _comected xfgidly on ea sidle.. The length B_the kar at normal her¥perahure is lm. Te tre. “bem pevedore is _matcea by 65% i Cebermine_the stresses wn each moll and change 4 lin length 7 G; leole Ey Here, oppo J ‘heel OA ee ee aan Coppa 7 - ar + Length Of steel (Le) = Im -1602mm Leng OL copper (Le) = im = L682 mm Ges 16 GN Jn *= 160% 109 N/m = 100% 10? Nm? Ke = Ax 1078 /7C Es = 200 6N/m?= 260% 10° N/A? - 290 x Lo2N barn 2 ols = 12x10 E/T ; | Now ; @ Scanned with CamScanner Here; {o> aX . Lo, ; ‘ Compressive force in+= Tencile gouce fy teed copperplate plabe | Bexade = o2As ‘ on be x 2205x5) = CO x (Sone) a fe x 250 = 2K 9p et mw Fee 43 os | ha Ardy ; Strain in copper (@) = KALE HC’ -——H Strein_jin steel (er) =e ~xe AE @® eee oe @L0Q; . 2h ec = Ce-xXs)At oa te genus 107 ~yaxlo§ )xeF Ee om be, Os. - 425x10°% A68R 107 2WK10? - of 26e+ Os . W25xK10% \ 200x103 oy 2+ 0s = 85 o, 2% 142 Ws + 6s = 95 oy, 22986 6s +0 = KS oy Of = 95-864 N/mm? _ lAnd: Se L193 K QE EF = 2I-5E6 Nam? he shress fa coppe bare fs 29566 rym? and tne chess ty _stecl'Lax is 95° 8 63 N/mm: @ Scanned with CamScanner 22: A_lovont vigicl bar AB weighting B68D0kg & bung bg Here verleal wods, each Y 15m and S8b wim? in cross sechion as: chown in gig. the ceutral rod is of -cshee! and tre ober rods are coppev Tp ttre ternp evabyre nises 0 50°C, esp — | mate the load armedt oy each md _and beg nos much ewill yoo elongate . B Here) LUM ELLIE a | Steat Sey L5m i | | | -3aey——} = _weiguh (0) = 26000 kg = 3OTHODN Ars of bavs yods=Ac = Ac = 50d mm? | cvange in_temperatyre (At) = 507c | Now? fotal depormabion fo_= Tater Jajotma ion ra Copper reds ctee! aod : oy (Slr) +/ Pe). = (Sts) 4 7, beK? \AEJe Gels & my Ox Atlep me Che _ fe Ab Leth ES, Bls Ac be We be 1, BIRO BOX 1560 + By PEXISO 8 : 580 x d50x 10% ~ Lignlo~y Soxiseo +) 2 Spex 1509 . SOX Aoyx 107 Scanned with CamScanner 1 295m Sx 10" Pe = O19 BLO Bett 5x 10h m7 0'3BF5S = Sx 107% Pe ~ 5x10 7 Ps 0y,-0'37'5 = 1 5K10"* Ofe —&) ~ 01395 ov =2fe-fe LSxlo> |e, -25000 = 2fa-fe Lo Pe = 2fe+ 25000 ——O | Aloo: Fox_egfltbxium + Ps fat afe om. 300000 = Bea (2fe4+ 25500) + 2K [oy BOUGD0 = Pe+-$2e—SoD5D 4 Pe +' BODO onSlss-B50869 oy, 4fe = 275650 (ew Po Fe00eA oy, Pe = 68750 N aad: P. = 2x 70000 = 25000. Fs = 2x 68750 +5600 145060 N i 5 162560 N “Again we 5 _Elongedion of “avihs oe Atle of FEY. fab fi pee [ a Lb PKLO™ 2x 50x a + $8950 KIFO i SOX LOOK LOF = 33345 mm 7 “leo Rs pe S | Re entire load to be cawied by shee! wod only . Expansion Of copper = Expanetn 4 steel due Yo rod “due to femperahire. + Expancion due fomperahi re @ Scanned with CamScanner | Nov; a Change in lenath (Sh) = CE a somo A TOTe v o ist Box 20)X 2x10* = imm Now") Unear strain (x) =. = 30% 107 AE Cae 2xKlo~ = 225x107 rol) fofarrts nalso Wu) = Laker srret Conky Linear chain (CH oy, 0°23 = _Ctate I a:5x1074 Ss i oy Sunt = FSX LO \Ands Dep = SPD Sb = 75x10 7x30 6 : = 2: 95x107 > mm = PSK 10-7 x 20 = 5x1077 24,| Determme the Yo Nc modulus and Poftecon's vatto Lop a meHadic bere of length Boem, breadth <¢m “| anal depth ~ em Shen Cat is cufejecteal ho an_axicd [eompressive load: of 4O0kN . Te decrease in length fe given as 0:075em and increace th_ breadth fs 0-0. 508. Here; @& Scanned with CamScanner engin 2) = 30cm = 360mm lorsadty (b) = 4em =40 mm dept (bh) = 4em 240mm P=4mx1o2n ° Now) Cttneae = —P AE jo, SA 2 400x103 = 40x40 x E oy DOFS _ _4mx103 360 0x Fox E ao, E= YX loFy% on {0x40 X0:09S 0% Ee 106 Norm > — os. soll Here) stength CL) = 360m width (6) = Somm Hitcknecs (t) = 4omm PU (P) = 3 kA) = 360% 102 E = 2x10°Wam? and m=4. Poisonic rat’o:() = + - 2 os . ey) Naw We lave; Priginal vole (W) =x bx t 7 = 200% S0xYo s = 6x10" mm? a @ Scanned with CamScanner Potezon's adtio (i) = Lateral shefa (Gat) _ bear shrain ( Crio. J oy O1O5— Cras. ~ Pac Oy OAS — Spat. Box 103 Box4oK 2x107 oy Ete = 0185 KFS 1074 Oy Sear, = PFS 1074 Cor. > SE => Shel ser ohio "50 = 3395x107 mm 1 | | | | 4 Crab. ee =) St = 4895x107 %X $0 = 7:5 x 107 Fam - k= te she = 90N G-227.5%19~150-295 mm qven; _chonge ih volume bv) = Gheeborst @ Rnal volume -= (L+ £9) x(-&) xb-ét) (“f) = G00 +0-225) x(50 -9-375x1077 GoR=4:5x1077 ) = S00 229.5524 mm 2 Then Change’ 1 volume (dv) = Y- Vi E ep2ns: R525 = AIO, = 224. 8524 mm? @ Scanned with CamScanner 26 S02 Here; Dimension of a metalic bar = 360mm x 1oDmm x Jomn Force along Araxis (Pn)= Skn = Sx10?N free alon® g-axts (Py) = kN = 6x 10°N Force alonh 2-axis (fe) = 4kN = 41070 E= 2x10° NAnm Petssonts waka CY = 025 | Men! so Shain along a-axis (@n)= Ze ~K(Cye 2) 4 Strain along yeaxic (Gy) = [6y- 1 (% +62) | =e [82 - (Car 5) | Chara along z-axis (Ce) = Now» [ye la = SKI? SN ean? 1 Teox4o TOO 6 - _Pa_ - 6K10? _ 0: 5S Wham? 7 oT agoxto 12600 lot. Pe $X103 _ 0-133 N/m * | BZOx1GD 26060 fron: | eas Ti: 25 - 0:25 (0 S40: Baz 545 9x10~° aa? fey. 2 fos- pas (19540433) [ap a3xig? ¥ axis — ge [0133 0.25 (0540: 5) fenu599n1078 sar : Scanned with CamScanner Size, Xf = 5459 x10" x30 = te Bx 10" ein 7 s : s [Sb = yx b = 4439107 x10 = FHS KIO _ | ; | . [Ss eext = G-s23x 1076) x 40-2 — 6992x107 mm | Now ; v= Gateyr Cu = Pts 9 mig Sa “13 xo" Fe EL e230 ) { = 4° 40% x19 7F Land, bee Au Ww a Ave exVv 7 = 4 FORK LOWE Grext) = FORK 107 EX (BH KLHX4O ) = 516488 mn? 29. 40!8 Here: | dfameter 6p ber (d)=30mm “pau (ep) = Bohn = 60x10°A | engin Ct) = 200mm SA = 0-imm Sd = 0°004mm Now) Youngs modulus (E) = © a Suinear =A 1 Scanned with CamScanner 6x10" $x@o)? ‘ Ort 260 : E4926 © ; ~_Sx1074 = 1+6985x 107 N/mm? And E Potecon'e galia(u)= lakerad stato Cassserat) inear < hre in (Cxineas)) eda.) tA) | - 1:333% lo ~ ] Sx1077 Pa i = 02666 ‘Pleo, €= 8kKQ- ). £2, Bulk modulas (k) = ——§ | S03) 1:6995x 10749 ~GG-2x%4)j wr6 98S x104* | Wg (2 2x 0-266 ) 241209 x 104 N/mm? | Scanned with CamScanner | Stak Tadeberminate Shvichuve: -2g:| A aigid bay -A® ts hinged boa _vesticad wall and cupportedt horFzon tally i; a He bar cDias choan in 44 Me te bay has a cross seHonal_ erca A= 0:50em? and its allosable stress te 25°00 kg | em®. find re sape value op magnitde of Taad Poand corr espondin & verbal depletion of point A: Take Ey He lbaw = 2x10%ka/em?: . [tO vere, KDCB=45° Area op ke. bax (Ax) = 0' 50cm > = Bom? t Allewable shrece = 150kyfos As ea LE = 2x10 kg Lem* “Now; | | | Rencion in cD (fen)= Pl 2m 2m i 15Gy X0'50 i ' bp | So i t = BSD ky 750k | ! l frols a er | Taking momen}. about eet f B3 ap [ |. =Me=0 “P 2 “Tex @Px4) Hen Wan4s )] x20 ASP + (ae t e [cat 1B5exX2-0 [ : Ve 6. Scanned with CamScanner

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